•I ^ -J Oh; i -r f ¦' i ZOE . Vol. 5 JUNE, 1900. No 1 Editor, - - Katharine Brandegee. CONTENTS: Notes on Cacteae—II: Katharine Brandegee........ 1 Southern California Forms of Phacelia Circinata Jacq.: S. E. Parish . 9 Notes on Cupressus Macnabiana: Alice Eastwood......... 11 Cleistogamous Flowers in ScrophulariaceEe : T. S. Brandegee .... 13 Recent Literature......................... . 14 Notes and News........................... 17 ZOE PUBLISHING COMPANY, P. O. Box, 684, San Diego, California. Publishing Company, Box 634, San Diego, California. Vol. V. JUNK, 1900. No. 1 NOTKS ON CACTEiE—II.* KATIIARIXK r.RANDKGEK. Students of other orders than the so called "succulents", especi- ally Cacti, have not usually a clear idea of the confusion existing in their nomenclature. It would be possible, perhaps, if all the species of Astragalus or Seneeio were described from specimens without flowers or fruit, and the types preserved, to identify all or nearty all of them with living forms, though the labor required would be immense. If, however, these imperfect types were thrown away and botanists required to identify plants with only such descriptions, the identification could but be a series of guesses. In this predicament are students of Cactacese, and it seems to me that the time has full)- come to set science free from such a great and unavailing waste of time. Cacti, as is well known, are in trade to a considerable extent. L,arge collections are made in their native places and shipped to dealers, mostly in Europe, who find numbers of plants that answer to none of the spine descriptions in their manuals. They must have names, being unsalable without, and the honest dealer has recourse to a specialist, and waits with what patience he may, while the botanist racks his head over a mass of descrip- tions which do not describe and struggles to find by a process of exclusion whether the plants have possibly been described by some one who threw away the type after inditing a diagnosis that, but for the generic name, might stand for a sea urchin. In the meantime the unscrupulous dealer prints his list bespangled with "new" species to which he attaches his name, dissemi- nates them to the four quarters, mixing them from time to time * Tile first number tifthis .series apix-ared in Kryllicu. vol. iii-i.1;;. ^^7^tSi£%^^^k^!^ serous new American botanyf ^2.cio.eaS:rPPpetlSable-to ^ student'of, West SOld seP-ately, but ^ few of the numbers can be had singly Publishing Company, Box 634, San Diego, California. , ; - .? Si^i^Ki«liiiiilW« ZOE Vol. V. JUNK, 1900. No. 1 NOTES ON CACTEiB—II.* KATHARINE BRANDEGEE. Students of other orders than the so called ' 'succulents'', especi- ally Cacti, have not usually a clear idea of the confusion existing in their nomenclature. It would be possible, perhaps, if all the species of Astragalus or Senecio were described from specimens without flowers or fruit, and the types preserved, to identify all or nearly all of them with living forms, though the labor required would be immense. If, however, these imperfect types were thrown away and botanists required to identify plants with only such descriptions, the identification could but be a series of guesses. In this predicament are students of Cactacese, and it seems to me that the time has fully come to set science free from such a great and unavailing waste of time. Cacti, as is well known, are in trade to a considerable extent. L,arge collections are made in their native places and shipped to dealers, mostly in Burope, who find numbers of plants that answer to none of the spine descriptions in their manuals. They must have names, being unsalable without, and the honest dealer has recourse to a specialist, and waits with what patience he may, while the botanist racks his head over a mass of descrip- tions which do not describe and struggles to find by a process of exclusion whether the plants have possibly been described by some one who threw away the type after inditing a diagnosis that, but for the generic name, might stand for a sea urchin. In the meantime the unscrupulous dealer prints his list bespangled with "new" species to which he attaches his name, dissemi- nates them to the four quarters, mixing them from time to time * The first number of this series appeared iu Erythea, vol. iii-123. Notes on Cactece. [zoe as the exigencies of trade demand; the next monographer pours all these names into the turgid synonymy, and so the process continues. To such an extent has the loose and lawless naming gone that besides the immense synonymy {Mamillaria centricirrha alone is credited fifty names), there are in the single genus Mamillaria, according to Dr. Schumann, one hundred and forty "uncertain species." In reality there are three times as many, because the synonymy is itself largety uncertain. The way out of this tangle is difficult but not impossible. 1. All pure uomina nuda should be at once cast out of the lists. 2. All names credited to Catalogues or "Hort" should be credited instead to the first one who describes them intelligently and preserves the type in herbarium. For so great is the extern- al resemblance of species of Cacti that very rarely can one be certain that the plant described is of the same species as the original one of "Cat." or "Hort." Science has nothing to do with catalogue names of plants offered for sale, though the catalogues should and in most cases would be glad to have much to do with science. 3. Species should not be recognized, even in, synonymy, with- out an authentic type. It is astonishing what an amount of in- formation the specialist can extract from very unpromising material, and the man who undervalues types only furnishes proof of his conviction that no one will ever know more or see better than himself. Cacti are nearly always described from living -specimens, and .if there be but a single plant in the collection, the owner is usually unwilling to sacrifice it to the preservation of a type, yet a living type may at any time be confused by a careless gardener, and if it dies from disease or age, is so altered as to be of comparatively little value. It is possible, however, to preserve a fair authentic type without destroying the plant. A good photograph, two characteristic, connected areolse, three or four bunches of spines taken from different parts of the plant, a good flower, a fruit with seed can be taken with little injury from almost any plant, and VOL. 5] Notes on Cactece. such material glued upon a sheet of paper, attested by the author and deposited in an accessible herbarium, would be a vast im- provement on most cactus types in existence. CEREUS Kmoryi Engelrn. often has tuberous roots of a size approaching those of C. Greggii Engelm. I have tried them cooked but found them not particularly palatable. C. striatus Brandg. Dr. Weber has kindly sent me a frag- ment of the type of his C. Digitetii for comparison. It is identical with C. striatus, and much more related to C. Greggii than to C. tuberosus Pos. The local name of C. striatus is "Jaramataca." It forms weak branching stems, 6-12 dm. high, all the lower portion of hard wood, and quite unlike a cactus stem. The tubers are not closely contiguous to the stems, and if separated never sprout, although they live for years and become green if exposed to the light. C. Orcuttii. Stems erect, branching, bright green, reaching a height of 3 m. and a diameter of 15 cm. with hard woody center; ribs 14-18, about 1 cm. high; areolse round, about 6 mm. in diameter and about half that distance apart, densely covered with short, light gray wool; spines all slender, spreading,yellowish brown, irregularly 3-seriate; radials 12-20, about 12 mm. long, deficient above; intermediates about 10, yi to more than twice longer, less spreading, one of the upper spines of this row usually stouter and darker, porrect, often reaching a length of 7 cm.; centrals about 5, porrect-spreading a little longer than the inter- mediates; flowers greenish brown, darker outside, diurnal, about 4 cm. entire length; petals short-apiculate; ovary densely covered with short scales, almost completely concealed by thick, rounded tufts of yellowish wool, in which are imbedded dark brown bristles 4-6 mm. long; stamens lining the upper half of the tube; style tips acute; fruit not known. The plant from which this description is drawn was obtained by Mr. C. R. Orcutt near Rosario, Baja California, in May, 1886. It was brought to him by his guide, who found it off the trail some little distance. The cutting was planted in Mr. Orcutt's garden, and is now about 2 m. in height; has flowered but Notes on Cactecz. [zoe formed no fruit. It is much the finest of the large Cerei of Baja California, being densely covered with bright, yellowish brown spines. By its flowers it is obviously related to C. Pringlei Wats. The guide told Mr. Orcutt that it bore in its season edible fruit the size of an orange, but it is possible that he confused it with C. Thurberi. ¦ C. Schottii Bngelm. var. australis. Stems more slender and upright than the northern forms: ribs in the fertile ends, often as many as ten; areolae smaller and more distant, and the long spines commonly fewer and stouter; abortive spine or gland (?) below the acute base of areola more conspicuous. Mr. T. S. Brandegee has observed that the southern form of Pringlei is more slender than the northern one, and I have noticed the same thing in C. Alamosensis Coult. and apparently in C. TJmrberi Kngelm. I cannot understand how Dr. Schumann is able to refer so un- hesitatingly to this species C. Palmeri Kngelm. in Coult. Contr. Nat. Mus. iii. 401. Engelmann described C. Schottii, which, so far I know, never has less than 5 ribs at maturity, always gray spines, and an entirely unarmed fruit, and it is inconceivable that he himself should describe the same species as having ' '3-4 ribs, greenish-brown spines, and fruit armed with bunches of 5-8 short, stout spines." The figure of the fertile areolse of C. Schottii, Monog. Cact., 173, appears to be upside down. C. Schottii, C. pecten-aborigintun and, judging by Kngelmann's figure of the "young spines", C. gigantetis belong to the genus Pilocereus as limited by Dr. Schumann. The -flowering areolse of C. Pringlei are yet unknown to me. In C. pecten-aboriginum, now flowering in our garden, the fertile areolae show a porrect bunch of spines, not at all spreading and so numerous that I have not attempted to count them. The woolly groove connecting the areolse in C. Pringlei, C. pecten-aborigimtm, &c., is a continu- ation of its lower border, as may be seen in the occasional imperfect connections. C. geometrizans Mart. var. Cochal. C. Cochal Ore. Dr. Schumann reduces this species, but taking Pringle's No. 3743 A VOL. 5] Notes on Cactece. from San L,uis Potosi as fairly typical C. geometrizans, the vari- ety differs in the usually greater number of ribs, longer radial spines, more approximate areolse, smaller, red fruit and seeds smaller at base, with much smaller and not so entirely basal hilum. Echinocactus micromeris Weber, Bois Diet. 804, Mamillaria mic7'omeris Engelm. Epithelantha micromeris Web. 1. c. I agree with Dr. Weber that this plant, which bears its flowers near the tips of the tubercles, is an Kchinocactus, as the genus is now re- ceived. Dr. Schumann appears to dissent from this view princi- pally on account of the "evident relationship" of the plant with M. lasiaccmtha—to which it seems to me to be in no manner related. Dr. Engelmann, indeed, placed them in juxtaposition, but he seems never to have mastered the structure of E. micro- meris, for he remarked upon its "axillar}'" flowers and fruits. The seeds would indicate a very different relationship. They are of peculiar form and, though of smaller size, much resemble those of Echinocactus {Astrophytuni) myriostigma. It is a singular fact that the first species mentioned under each of Engelmann's Mamillarian subgenera should be an Echino- cactus: E. micromeris under Eumamillaria, and E. papyracantha under Coryphantha. Echinocactus capricornis Dietr. A plant in our garden, having its apex dried and hardened by some injury is flowering from all the grooves. The flowers are not single, as from areolse, but in clusters, 1-2 cm. distant from the top of the groove. Echinocactus viridescens Nutt. Mr. C. A. Purpus brought this winter a ripe fruit of this species, in which a large number of the seeds had germinated and grown to the length of 4-6 millimetres. I have observed the same thing several times in the green-fruited Mamillarias. E. ERECTOcentrus Coult. In Dr. Schumann's monograph this species is given as a synonym of E. Beguinii Web. in Reb. Cat., which is described as having its ribs completely separated into tubercles, while Dr. Coulter says that the ribs of his plant are tuberculate interrupted. To this species probably belongs E. Notes on Cactece. [zoE Krausei Hildin. (name only) described by Karl Hirscht in M. f. K. vii. 107. Both E. Krausei and the type of E. eredocentrus came froin the vicinity of Benson, Arizona. E. Krausei of Schu- mann's monograph may not belong to the same species. Dr. Weber's plant from Coahuila, included by Dr. Coulter in his type, is unknown to me. Dr. Weber, in Bois Diet. 466, 1893, under E. horripilus kern., says: "L' E. h. Eredocenirtis Web. (Syn.: E. Begui?iii Web. Maviillaria Beguinii Hort.) est une forme a. tige toujours simple et aiguillons plus nombreux, edges.'' I think all must agree that this is not a valid description, and Dr. Coulter's has priority over all the others that are not nomina nuda. A very gorgeously colored chromo-lithograph of this species (and Cereus pedinatus rigidissimus), under the name of Mamil- laria C/iitdsi, was issued some time ago as an advertisement \y$ A. Blanc of Philadelphia, and was reissued in F. A. Walton's Cactus Journal for June, 1899. Names like this should not be interjected into botanical nomenclature, and the only reason for mentioning it here is that Dr. Schumann comments upon it in M. f. K. ix. 117, as a species unknown to him. Mamiliaria Scheer.ii Muhlpf. Professor Schumann in- cludes this species in his division "No red or yellow glands in axil or groove", and gives as synonyms, M. Salm-Dyckiana, M. robustispina and Echinocadus Poselgeriamis. In describing var. valida of M. Sckeerii, Dr. Engelmann ex- pressly states that there are from 1-5 red glands in the groove, so also runs the original description of M. Sckeerii, -and so it is found in my specimens. M. robustispina, to which and not to M. macromeris, as Dr. Schumann refers it, certainly belongs M. Brownii Tuomey, collected in the same locality, shows only occasionally a single gland just back of the spines, and the central spine is often hooked. All these mamillarias have yellow flowers, yet Dr. Schumann describes the flower as "bright rose- red (according to Weber, also yellow)". The flower of his description must therefore come from Echinocadus Poselgeriaims. In the original description of this latter, the flower was lacking, but the plant was compared to E. hexcedrophorus Lem. VOL. 5] Notes on Cactece. M. recurvata Kngelm. M. recurvispina Bngelm, M. Noga- lensis Runge Cat. abounds in collections in two forms, one with bright yellow, the other with much paler or whitish spines. A character which appears not to have been noticed is the presence, just back of the spines, in the groove of a large oval gland. By the kindness of Prof. Trelease I have been able to verify this upon the type of M. recurvispina. In cultivation this species appears to flower with difficulty, but the few cases noticed show the flower and fruit to be remote from the centre. Mamillaria Pringlei (Coult.) Cont. Nat. Herb. iii. 109 (under Cactus). The type of this species is not to be found in the Gray Herbarium at present; it may be misplaced. No plant of the kind is in our set of Priugle's, but at my request Mr. Priugle very kindly sent me for examination the cacti of his private herbarium. I find among them a plant labelled ' 'Mamil- laria, Tultenaugo Cailon, 17 Oct. 1890, No. 3679," which agrees with the description—though I should call the flower purple, not red. It seems to me scarcely to differ from M. Carretii Schumann. Both plants are described as having naked axils, but my specimen of the latter, which came from McDowell, Mexico, and so probably from the original collection, is more or less setose. M. armillata*. Stems somewhat attenuate, reaching 3 dm. in height, 4-5 cm. in diameter, usually in clusters of 3-12, from the base, often branching above; tubercles somewhat leathery in texture; conical, somewhat angled; axils setose and sparsely woolly; radial spines 9-15, 7-12 mm. long, the inner half whitish or grayish; centrals 1-4, 10-20 mm. long, the lower one hooked and longer, all, and the outer part of the radials dark brown, yel- lowish or gray; flowers 1-2 cm. long, scarcely spreading, flesh color; fruit red; clavate, 1^-3 cm. long; seeds coriaceous, dull black, about 1 mm. long, obliquely obovate, constricted above the more slender basal portion; surface covered with minute, not closely contiguous pits, the intervening spaces min- utely wrinkled; hilum basal, narrow. San Jose del Cabo, Baja * Plates of the new species of Cacti will appear at the end of the volume. Notes on Cactecs. j_ZOE California. The name is in allusion to the dark bands which encircle the plant, giving it much the appearance of a raccoon's tail. M. venusta. Simple becoming csespitose in clusters of, in extreme cases, as many as 40; heads 2-4, very rarely, in center of large clusters, 6 cm. high, a little less in diameter; tubercles thick and short, concave at the end, greenish, purplish to nearly white, glaucous; axils only slightty woolly, soon naked; radial spines, 9-15, stout, 6-12 mm. long; centrals typically solitary, 10-15 mm., sometimes 2 or 3, in a single specimen 4, porrect- spreading, the three upper very short; flowers' about 4 cm. in diameter, rose-color, widely spreading, tube very short; petals lanceolate acute, recurved-spreading; style-branches 5, ap- parently rosy brown; fruit 1^-2 cm. long, scarlet, linear, circum- scissile some distance above the base, nearly dry; seeds oblong- obovate, rather less than 1 mm. long, constricted above the basal portion, which is half as long and nearly as wide as the upper; surface dull, minutely pitted, the pits much obscured by delicate intervening striae; hilum basal, large and triangular. Collected by Mr. T. S. Brandegee in the vicinity of San Jose del Cabo, Baja California, in Sept., 1890. (No. 240, M. Good- richii, of "Flora of the Cape Region"); again Sept. 1893, and for the third time last year in numerous' living specimens. It has been known for some time that it was undescribed, but in this group complete material is necessary. The spines are from pure white, barely tipped with brown, to dark brown, whitish only near the base. The flowers, which appear in September, hide the whole plant, and it is of such low growth as to look like a beautiful cluster of flowers springing from the sand. The fruit appearing in winter is nearly dry and falls very readily when ripe, leaving most of the seeds in the axillary cup. It is the only circumscissile mamillaria known to me. M. Schumanii Hildm. M. f. K. i., 125, abb. bei p. 102, bears some resemblance to M. venusta, but is a much larger, rel- atively more slender plant, and presumably came from the main- land. Dr. Schumann remarks in Monog. Cact. 545, that he has VOL. 5] Forms of Phacelia circinata. not seen it—which means, I suppose, that the type was not pre- served. M./ragilis, S.-D. Prince Salm-Dyck, having noted that this familiar little plant did not agree with the description of M. gracilis Pfr., suggested M. fragilis as a highly appropriate name for a plant which sheds its multitudinous offsets on the slightest provocation. The original description of M. gracilis reads : "Cylindrical, slender, proliferous; axils naked; tubercles short, obtusely conical, areolae nearly naked; radial spines 16, bristle- like, white; central 2 more rigid." The type presumably was not preserved. Certainly no one will argue that this description could apply to M. gracilis, and if investigation shows that no type is in existence the unmistakable name proposed by Prince Salm-Dyck should be adopted. M. Brandegki Coult. M. Gabbii Engelm. in Coult. Prof. Schumann includes these in the synonomy of M. Heydefi Miihlpf., but they seem to me, from the description, nearer M. simplex Haw. A large amount of material brought by Mr. C. A. Purpus from the vicinity of Calmalli, Baja California, shows the species to be quite variable in form, color and spines, while agree- ing in flower and fruit. The plants are usually globose-flattened or short cylindrical, commonly single, often double sometimes dichtomous, and occasionally in clusters of 8 or more. In color the spines vary from nearly white to dark brown; the radials 9-16, centrals 1-4, most commonly 2, all the number variations often found on the same plant. Flowers greenish-yellow, about 15 mm. long, tubular, hardly expanded above. Fruit white, more or less tinged with lilac, commonly bearing 1-5 fringed scales, with sometimes a tuft of weak spines in the axils. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA FORMS OF PHACKLIA CIRCINATA JACQ. S. B. PARISH. It would readily be inferred from the extensive geographical distribution of Phacelia circinata that it would present marked IO Forms of Phacelia circinata. [ZOB local variations; and such is, in fact, the case. Some of these are so distinct in appearance, as to be taken as even specifically dif- ferent. But on examination it is found that the very nature of these differences, based as they are on more important identities, forbid such a view, the diverse aspect exhibited by extreme forms being due to the degree of development of common characters. All the forms are alike in the aggregation of most of the leaves in basal clusters; in a pubescence of two kinds, one long and strigose, the other short, close and fine; and in floral characters. The filaments and styles are much exserted, the former sparsely arachnoid on the exserted part, and the latter hispid on the in- cluded portion; the appendages of the corolla are joined to the base of the filaments so as to form pockets behind them, while their united edges form inverted pockets between the filaments; the ovary is densely hirsute, and becomes a small (line high) acute capsule with alveolate seeds. In different forms the stems ma}r vary from a height of one or two inches to as many feet, the strigose hairs may quite cover the finer pubescence, or both may be scanty, and the cymes and cy- mules may be condensed, or elongated and diffuse. The typical leaf form is pinnate, with a large ovate or lanceolate terminal lobe, and a few small lateral ones at base, but these differ in number and shape, or ma}' be suppressed. The more pronounced of these forms are perhaps worthy of varietal names, but these should be bestowed only after the study of very ample material, and the examination of types of the pro- posed species that have passed into synonymy. The purpose of the present paper is merely to note a few dis- tinct forms growing in various parts of Southern California, which appear to be fixed in type and exclusively present in the local- ities where they occur. All our plants are perennial but farther north there are annual or at most biennial forms, which differ in no other respect from the perennial ones. (a) Stems slender and very unequal, 2-12 inches high, sparse- ly leafy, sparsely hispid, the finer pubescence very short; leaves lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, all entire, 8-nerved; cymules distant and short. vol. 5] Notes o?i Cupressus Macnabiana. 11 Bear Valley, at 6.500 ft. alt., in the San Bernardino Mts. 2,- 957 P&rish. (£.) Stems foot high, equal; very sparsely hirsute or pubescent; leaves with a pair of large triangular teeth at base, 4-nerved; cyme diffuse. Green Valley, 6,000 ft. alt. in the San Bernardino Mts., H. M. Hall. (c) Stems stout, 6-18 inches high, but nearty equal in the same plant, canescently hispid, pubescence very short; leaves 1-2 inches long, on petioles of the same length, lateral lobes 1-2 pairs, short, acute; cymes of dense, elongated geminate cymules. Along the base of the mountains near San Bernardino, at 1,- 200-1,500 ft. alt, 4160 Parish. Type of P. virgata var. (?) Bernardina, Greene, Eryth. 4.55. id) Stems slender, very unequal, 2-18 inches high in the same plant, leafy and floriferous from near the base; sparsely hispid, fine pubescence very close and short; leaves with several scattered and very unequal acute basal lobes; cymules distant and short. Stonewall mine, 4,600 ft. alt. in the Cuyamaca Mts. 4423 Parish. NOTES ON CUPRESSUS MACNABIANA. ' ALICE EASTWOOD. This Cypress is, according to Professor C. S. Sargent (Syl. N. Am. X. 109), one of the rarest trees in California, known only from a few dry slopes on the hills south and west of Clear L,ake, in Lake County. The specimens from which the species was described were, however, collected at the southern base of Mt. Shasta, in 1854. Since then, it has not been found around Mt. Shasta. Dr.. C. Hart Merriam (Biol. Surv. of Mt. Shasta, N. Am. Fauna, 16, 138) has suggested that the term 'Shasta' was probably used in a rather loose sense, as covering adjacent moun- tains not then named. Recent collections in Mendocino, I^ake, and Napa Counties give new and more definite information concerning the distribution 12 Note's on Cupressus Macnabiana. [zoe and habitat of.this species, showing that it is much more widely distributed than has been supposed. In the first place, this Cypress is more partial to the banks of streams than to dry slopes and only in moist % localities do the trees attain any size. Generally it is associated with C. Goveni. ana: but among all the trees that have come under my observation the two species are distinct and without the slightest trace of hybridization. Carl Purdy who has found these two species to- gether on Red Mountain in Mendocino County tells me that, there, they seem to intermingle. On the stage road between Hopland and Highland Springs, on the eastern slope of the dividing ridge, not very far from the sum- mit, I saw C. Macnabiana for the first time. It startled me by its pale and strange appearance. This first tree was one of the largest seen and grew along the creek bordering the road. From there to within three miles of Highland Springs these cypresses occurred sparingly along the creek, associated generally with C. Goveniana. At one place, quite a dense grove of small trees appeared 10 be climbing up the hillside. These were from five to fifteen feet high,'pyramidal in outline, with the lowest branches sweeping the ground. The large trees lose this symmetry, be- come loosely branched and rise to a height of from thirty to forty feet, with a diameter near the base of the trunk, of between one and two feet. A week later, on the road from the toll-house on Mt. St. Helena to Middleton, in Napa County, not far from the summit of the ridge, I again found a patch of C. Goveniana on the, hillside, near the road. I wondered whether the other species was to be found along the creek that could be seen far below at the base of the hill, and, upon investigation, discovered a few scattered trees there, but genuine representatives of the species. Several years ago Mr. John Me. Lean had brought specimens of this cypress from the same range of hills, which he had collected on the road from Calistoga to the Etna mines and had presented to the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. In this collection, also is a specimen collected by Dr. C. C. Parry at Chico, Btitte County. vol. 5] Cleistogamous Floivers in Scrophulariace Publishing Box 684, San Diego, California. Vol. V. JULY, 1900. No. 2 VOYAGE OF THE WAHLBERG. T. S. BRANDEGKE. The schooner Wahlberg first came into public notice when it transported a cargo of rifles from San Francisco to the Sandwich Islands; later it became a member of the guano poaching fleet that had their headquarters in San Diego and collected their car- goes from the islands west of the coast of Baja California, and during one of its trips was nearty captured by the Mexican gov- ernment while lying at anchor in a small bay of the island San Martin. Finally, Mr. A. W. Anthony became owner of the vessel, intending to use it for collecting specimens of natural his- tory from localities inaccessible except by boat. The schooner after having changed from its somewhat illegitimate to a scientific course of life seemed to be unfortunate, and now lies a wreck on the sands of Lagoon Head, drifting ashore one night when sup- posed to be safe at anchor. The Wahlberg in 1S97, with Mr. A. W. Anthony in charge, made one memorable scientific trip, starting from San Diego in March, sailing southward, and land- ing at nearly all the islands west of the coast of Lower California, and continuing to Socorro, Clarion and San Benedicto. Mr. A. L. Stockton took charge of the botanical collecting of the voyage, and I had the pleasure of accompanying the natur- alists as far south as San Jose del Cabo, where I left the schooner, which continued on its journey to Socorro. The first insular landing was at the Todos Santos Islands, two small bodies of land, with a few outlying rocks, situated west of Ensenada and Todos Santos Bay, less than ten miles from the mainland. One of these, very much the larger, is three or four miles long, most of it elevated above the ocean two or three hundred feet, and in JULY, 1900. No. 2 VOYAGE OF THE WAHLBERG. T. S. BRANDEGEE. The schooner Wahlberg first came into public notice when it transported a cargo of rifles from San Francisco to the Sandwich Islands; later it became a member of the guano poaching fleet that had their headquarters in San Diego and collected their car- goes from the islands west of the coast of Baja California, and during one of its trips was nearly captured by the Mexican gov- ernment while lying at anchor in a small bay of the island San Martin. Finally, Mr. A. W. Anthony became owner of the vessel, intending to use it for collecting specimens of natural his- tory from localities inaccessible except by boat. The schooner after having changed from its somewhat illegitimate to a scientific course of life seemed to be unfortunate, and now lies a wreck on the sands of Lagoon Head, drifting ashore one night when sup- posed to be safe at anchor. The Wahlberg in 1897, with Mr. A. W. Anthony in charge, made one memorable scientific trip, starting from San Diego in March, sailing southward, and land- ing at nearly all the islands west of the coast of Lower California, and continuing to Socorro, Clarion and San Benedicto. Mr. A. L. Stockton took charge of the botanical collecting of the voyage, and I had the pleasure of accompanying the natur- alists as far south as San Jose del Cabo, where I left the schooner, which continued on its journey to Socorro. The first, insular lauding was at the Todos Santos Islands, two small bodies of land, with a few outlying rocks, situated west of Ensenada and Todos Santos Bay, less than ten miles from the mainland. One of these, very much the larger, is three or four miles long, most of it elevated above the ocean two or three hundred feet, and in 20 Voyage of the Wahlberg. [zoE some parts quite rocky. The smaller one is low and nearly level, with only a narrow strait separating it from the larger one. We were the first botanical collectors to set foot upon these islands, and entered upon our work with the eagerness of discoverers. On account of the proximity to the mainland it was supposed their flora would be the same as that of the neighboring coast, and two or three days collecting showed that this was mainly true, for only two or three strictly insular forms were seen. Seventy species of plants were collected, and doubtless more would have been found two weeks later, for the vegetation was not much advanced in the early part of March. The most com- mon plants were Calandrinia matiti?na, Cerens Emoryi, Mesem- bryanthemum o-ystallinum, Leptosyne maritima, Encelia California, Euphorbia miser a and Brodi&a capitata, all maritime plants abun- dant along the coast between San Diego and Ensenada. Hosackia Watsom, Verbesina dissita, .Solatium Palmeri and Physalis Greenei were the representatives of recently described and uncommon species. Hemizonia Greeneana was described from specimens col- lected on Guadalupe Island, which until now has been its only known habitat, and it was interesting to find this frutescent Hemizonia growing so plentifully over the larger of the Todos Santos Islands. The only other representatives of the insular flora found, and these not in abundance, were Eschscholtzia ramosa, an inhabitant of many other islands also and a Perityle. A few plants deserving of mention were Malvastrum exile, Aplopappus Berberidis, Franseria chenopodifolia, Sonchus tenerrimus, Phacelia ixodes, Atriplex julacea. No trees grow upon these islands, and the only bushes of any size were R/ius laurina and R. integrifolia, generally alluded to in the publications of the coast surveys as "scrub oak." The next landing was at San Martin, a small island situated west of San Quintin, in plain view from the Peninsula. It con- sists mainly of an old volcanic cone, four or five hundred feet high, having a well-formed crater, nearly one hundred feet deep, with the slopes toward the ocean covered with broken rock, over which near the base the sands have drifted. The guano poachers consider it a barren island and so it usually is, but our visit hap- m VOL. 5] Voyage of the Wahlberg. 21 I peued after abundant rains, and forty species of plants were found along the beach and among the rocks. The species of Rhus were absent, and the tallest forms of vegetation were a few plants of Cereus gummosus and C. Cochal. The only insular plants found were Eschscholtzia ramosa and Perityle Grayi. Others, growing also on the mainland and deserving of mention, were Hosackia Watsoni, Periiyle rotundifolia, Franseria bipinnatifida, its most southern known habitat, Senecio Lyoni, found first on Santa Catalina, Phacelia ixodes and P. Parryi. Mesembryanthe- mum crystallinum, Encelia Californica, Amblyopapptis pusillus, Leptosyne maritima, Sonchus tenerrimzis, Euphorbia misera and other vegetation common to these northern Mexican islands were abundant. Sailing southward the next island on the route was San Geronimo, or Round Island, as it is often called. This island is scarcely a mile long. The highest part is about a hundred feet above the ocean, and most of it is much lower. Innumer- able sea-birds make their home here, and the only human visitors are the guano hunters. The scant vegetation is prostrated by the winds that blow the sand about and almost bury it. Like Todos Santos and San Martin, there is' no fresh water, and the vegetation depends upon frequent fogs and uncertain rains, for moisture. Only the following four species of flowering plants grow upon the island : Lavatera venosa, a few plants—hitherto this showy malvaceous shrub has been supposed to be endemic on the San Benito Islands, and probably seeds carried by birds colonized them here—the other three plants are : Mesembryan- themum crystallinum, Lycium Richii and a species of Suczda. From San Geronimo a long sail westward brought us to Guada- lupe Island, that place most interesting to all naturalists. The flora of this island is quite well known, having been collected by several botanists, who have written much concerning it. At this time the vegetation was very rank and green, but not as far ad- vanced as that of the islands nearer the coast we had just visited. Most of the plants were not in blossom, and only at the lowest elevations was it possible to find them suitable for specimens. The most interesting part of the flora is confined to the cliffs, 1 22 Voyage of the Wahlberg. [zoe out of reach of the goats, and it is to be supposed that a botanist who could have reached this island before these animals, would have discovered many plants that must now always remain un- known, because they did not find an asylum on an inaccessible rock. But goats are not the only exterminators of endemic species, for I searched in vain for Hesperelsea at the exact locality where Dr. Palmer found it, and could only find a goat corral made from trees chopped down in the vicinity. The following list contains names of plants not previously reported from the island : Platysteinon Californicus Benth. A recent introduction. Calandrinia maritima, Nutt. Microseris Lindleyi Gray. Bceria coronaria Gray. A recent introduction about the usual landing. Bceria gracilis Gray. Also recently introduced. Amsinckia intermedia F. & M. Orthocarpuspurpurascens Benth. Introduced. Brodicea lugens (Greene). Common along the slopes of Sparmaun's canon. Aphanisma blitoides Nutt. Phalaris intermedia Bosc; The flora of the three small islands known as the San Benito Islands had previously been collected by Dr. Palmer* and Lieut. Pond,f who found twenty-five species. The endemic species Lavatera venosa, Hemizonia Streetsii and Ma??iillaria Palmeri are very abundant. The following additions to published lists are the result of a week's search at a time when plenty of rain had brought forth an abundance of plants : Oligomeris subulata Bois. Phaseolus filiformis Benth. Petalonyx linearis Greeue. * Mentzelia involucrata Watson. Malvastrum exile Gray. Opuntia tessellata Engelm. Opuntia prolifera Engelm. * Cont. U. S. Herb. 1. 9. \ Pitt. 1. 263. VOL. 5] Voyage of the Wahlberg. Cereus Schottii Engelm. Perityle aurea Rose. Perityle Grayi Rose. Sonchus tenerrimus L. Cuscuta sp. Aphanisma blitoides Nutt. Atriplex Coulteri Dietrich. Agave Shawii Bugelm. Many plants were in full bloom. Dr. Palmer notes the presence of two Agaves, but it seems that this is the only species and that the spines of the leaf are very variable. A. Sebastia?ia Greene of Cedros Island is the same. This is the common Agave of the western coast of Baja California, between Santa Domingo and San Diego. From the San Benitos to Cedros Island is an afternoon sail with a good wind. Several collectors have visited Cedros, but as it is a large island no one has searched it perfectly. At this time the vegetation of the northern portion was as green and abundant as possible for this region, but the southern part had received a smaller rainfall and was very dry. The plants of the following list were collected, and have not before been reported from the island : Galium aparine Vaill. Bceria gracilis Gray. Gnaphalhim sp. Gilia wicialis Brandg. n. sp. ined. Gilia gracilis Hook. Datura discolor Bernh. Salvia Columbarics Renth. Amsinckia intermedia F. & M. Chenopodium album L. Eriogonum intricatum Benth. Eup/iorbiapolycarpa Renth. Argythamnia Californica Renth. Brodicsa capitata Benth. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum 1,. Typha latifolia L. Lonicera hispidula subspicata H.& A. Gynmogramme triangularis Kaulf. Bowlesia lobata, R. & P. Between Cedros and San Bartolome Bay lies the island of Natividad. Previously it had been visited by no botanical col- lector. It is much smaller than Cedros, and the highest eleva- tion, about five hundred feet, is not to be compared with the mountains of that island. There is no fresh water upon it, so Delphinium cardinale Hook. Capsella Bursa-pastoris Mcench. Thysanocarpus laciniatus Nutt. Athysanus pusillus Greene. Calandrinia maritima Nutt. Silene Gallica L. Ribes viburnifolium Gray. Ribes tortuosum Benth. Malva borealis Wallm. Erodium cicutarium L'Her. Mentzelia involucrata Watson. Cereus maritimus M. E. Jones. Cereus gummosus Eugelm. 24 Voyage of the Wahlberg. that a resident band of goats must often satisfy their thirst by eating succulent plants, and have already nearly exterminated the Cotyledons. There are no trees, but a few small bushes of Veatchia are found and a dozen specimens of Cereus Pringlei, ten to fifteen feet high, are scattered about. The vegetation is scant and the general appearance of the island is barren. Most of the plants grow also upon Cedros, and these, with a few be- longing to San Bartolome Bay, constitute its entire flora, for there is not an endemic species. The rainfall of the season had been even less than that of the southern end of Cedros, conse- quently the annuals were small and few in number, and the col- lection not as large as it would have been at a more favorable time. The following list contains names of the plants found upon the island: Leptosyne involuta (Greene). Franseria chenopodifolia Benth. Viguiera lanata Gray. Sonchus tenerrimus L. Chesnactis lacera Greene. Phacelia Cedrosensis Rose. Nicotiana Clevelandi Gray. Lycium sp. Krynitzkia maritima Greene. Plantago Patagonica Jacq. Thelypodium lasiophyllum Greene. Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. Oligomeris subulata Boiss. Cotyledon sp. Eschscholtzia ramosa Greene. Malvastrtim exile Gray. Calandrinia maritima Nutt. Veatchia discolor (Benth.) Frankenia Palmeri Watson. Mentzelia involucrata Watson Mesembryanthemum crystallinum I,. Mirabilis Icsvis (Benth.) Mamillaria dioica Brandg. Mamillaria Pondii Greene. Echinoeactus sp. Cereus Pringlei Watson. Cereus maritimus M. B. Jones. Opuntia prolifera Engelm. Opuntia tessellata TJngelm. Bebbiajuncea Greene. Chenodium murale L. Aphanisma blitoides Nutt. Atriplex Coulteri Dietrich. A triplexjulacea Watson. Suczda sp. Euphorbia rnisera Beuth. Euphorbia polycarpa Beuth. Agave Shawii Engelm. Amblyopappuspusillus H & A. From Natividad to San Bartolome Bay is a distance of about twenty miles, and here a landing was made on the mainland of the Peninsula. In 1839, H. M. S. Sulphur anchored in this har- bor, and the plants found at that time are listed in the Botany of the Sulphur. In 1889 Lieut. Pond, of the U. S. ship Ranger also collected some plants in the vicinity. Forms from VOL. 5] Voyage of the Wahlberg. 25 these two collections have been described as new. These I had hoped to see, and was much disappointed to find the region was perfectly dry and seemed not to have been rained upon for years. The only green vegetation were the Susedas and Lyciums, grow- ing in the brackish soil, and the only bright color visible was that of the few straggling scarlet blossoms of Fouquieria. A few plants were recognized that were before known only from Cedros Island, and made it evident that an accurate knowledge of the distribution of the neighboring island forms cannot be obtained without a more thorough examination of the adjacent mainland. Dalea Benthami, found hitherto only on Cedros and Santa Mar- garita Islands, is common in the sandy gulches running into the bay, and it was seen again on the coast near Asuncion Island. Rhus Lentii is not uncommon in the canons, and was also found about San Pablo Bay; its only habitat was supposed to be Cedros Id. Viguiera lanata is found on the rocky hills about the en- trance to the harbor; it is a common plant on Natividad and Cedros Islands. Lavatera venosa grows upon a rock at the mouth of the harbor, and surrounded by water is preserved from destruction by animals that would like to feed upon it. The dis- tribution of the Lavateras of these Mexican islands is very inter- esting. Lavatera venosa is extremely abundant on the San Benito Islands, and grows on San Geronimo Islands and at San Bartolome Bay. The leaves of the San Bartolome form are more laciniate than those from San Benito, and this peculiarity would seem to show that it is not a recent introduction from the latter. L. occidentalis persists on the cliffs of the canons of Guadalupe Island, in localities inaccessible to goats, and L. insularis belongs exclusively to the Coronado Islands near San Diego. L. insidaris and L. occidentalis are not very distinct from one another. These three species thrive well in cultivation at San Diego and spread rapidly, but it is difficult to be certain whether many of the young plants belong to the Guadalupe or the Coronados forms, perhaps a result of cross-fertilization. Herbivorous animals are fond of Lavatera, and the presence of goats on Natividad would account for its absence there; and on Cedros in addition to these animals, so destructive to botanical interests, there are deer 26 Voyage of the Wahlberg. [zoH and rabbits, which, would certainly destroy it in all places acces- sible to them. On San Benito, San Geronimo and Coronado Islands there are no goats to exterminate it. On Guadalupe they have already destroyed all within their reach, and on the islands off the coast of Alta California, like the sea-birds, it in- habits outlying rocks. But why is the genus not represented in the flora of San Martin, where conditions would seem to be suit- able for it ? San Roque is a very small, low island, perhaps a mile long, situated near the mainland, and about latitude 270 N. It is the home of quantities of sea-birds, and there is no vegetation upon it except a patch of Heliotropium Curassavicum. Asuncion Island, ten miles from San Roque and similarly situated, is a still smaller islet; its flora is only Encelia laciniata and an undetermined I/ycium. From these islands the schooner went directly to San Jose del Cabo, a town situated at the extreme southern end of the Penin- sula. No stop was made at Magdalena or Santa Margarita Islands, to the disappointment of the botanists, but in reality nothing would have been gained, for later, on my return by steamer, I landed at Magdalena Bay and learned that there had been no rain for two or three years, and saw that even the peren- nials were leafless. Guadalupe has a more northern flora than any other of the Mexican islands, on account of its position with respect to the ocean currents and the prevalence of fogs; its springtime at the time of my visit was a month later than that of San Diego and the Todos Santos Islands, and far behind that of San Benito and Cedros. The wind often drifts fogs over the high northern* head- lands of the large islands of Cedros and Guadalupe when the lower portions are warmed by the sun, and in consequence there is a difference between the floras of the two ends. The growth of pines, cypress and juniper at the north, and their absence from the south, are the most evident results of different con- ditions. The Revillagigedo group were visited in 1889 by the U. S. Fish Commission vessel Albatross. At that time some plants VOL.-5] Voyage of the Waklberg. 27 were collected by Mr. Charles H. Townsend, and an account of them and the islands has been published.* With additional plants, Messrs. Anthony and Stockton found again those col- lected by Mr. Townsend, and the following lists contain names of all plants as yet brought from these isolated islands. San Benedicto Island. Perityle Socorrensis V. & R. Cenchrus myosuroides HBK. Aristolochia brevipes Benth. Bimbristylis sp. Euphorbia Anthonyi Brandg. Clarion Island. Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt. Portulaca pilosa L. Sesuvium Portulacastrum L. Waltheria Americana L. Melochia pyramidata L. Tribulus cistoides h. Dodoncea viscosa I,. Sapindus sp. Erythrina sp. Canavalllia obtusifolia DC. Phaseolus sp. Ccesalpinia Bofiducella Roxb. Sophora tomentosa T,. Karwinskia Humboldtiana Zucc. Zanthoxylon Pterota HBK. Opuntia (Platopuntia) sp. Brickellia sp. Perityle Socorrensis, V. & R. Cressa Cretica, L. Spermacoce sp. . Physalis cequata Jacq. Ipomcea cathartica Poir. Teucriunt Townsendii V. & R. Euphorbia Clarionensis Braudg. Euphorbia Californica Beuth. Fimbristylis sp. Tradescantia sp. Socorro Island. Portulaca pilosa L. Tribulus cistoides I/. Waltheria Americana L. Triumfetta Socorrensis Brandg. Gossypium Barbadense L. ? Cardiospermum Palmeri V. & R. Dodoncea viscosa L. Calliandra, two species. Rhynchosia minima DC. Conocarpus erecta L,. Zanthoxylon sp. Brickellia sp. Erigeron Socorrensis Braudg. Vernonia littoralis Braudg. Nicotiana Stocktoni Brandg. Spermacoce sp. Cordia Socorrensis Brandg. Heliotropium Curassavicum L Lantana involucrata h. Teucrium affine Braudg. Bumalia sp. Elytraria tridentata Vahl. Bcerhaavia sp. Aristolochia brevipes Benth. Phoradendron rubrum Griseb. Acalypha umbrosa Brandg. Croton sp. Euphorbia incerta Brandg. * Proc. Am. Museum, xiii, 145. 28 Aquilegia Eximia. [ZOE Leptosyne insularis Brandg. Hippomane Mancinella L. Viguiera deltoidea Townsendii Ficus Tecolutensis Miq. ? V. & R. Fimbristylis sp. Perityle Socorrensis V. & R. Cenchrus myosuroides HBK. Sasvola Plumieri L. Heteropogon contort'us R. & S. Physalts glabra Benth. ? Cheilanthes Wrightii Hook. Cestrum Pacificum Brandg. Several fragmentary specimens of other plants were collected, mostly in fruit, of which the genus is uncertain. From even these small collections of the much larger but still unknown flora of these islands is shown something of that insular variation noted by Drs. Robinson and Greenman in the plants of the Galapagos Islands, esdecially in regard to Euphorbia viminea* Euphorbia Anthonyi, of San Benedicto, has a very closely related species, E. Clarionensis upon Clarion and Socorro and Teucrhim Townsendii of Clarion has an extremely near relative upon Socorro. AQUILEGIA EXIMIA. ALICE EASTWOOD. My attention has been recently called to this suppressed species of Aquilegia by the discovery, July first of this year, of many plants in one of the branches of San Anselmo Creek in Marin County. Several years ago I had noticed a single plant of the same species along the banks of I^agunitas Creek near the mouth of the Big Carson Creek. Mrs. Ella Gibbons Sharpe last year brought me a specimen which she had collected in the same local- ity and had noticed as conspicuously different from the species common everywhere in thickets and along shady banks (N0.370). A study of all these specimens has convinced me that in this Aquilegia we have a species quite distinct from any to which it is allied or under which it may have been placed. Its apparent rarity is probably the reason why it has been obscure for so long a time and why it has been considered a form of or identical with A. trtmcata F. & M. * Am. Journal Science, Vol. L,. 135. VOL. 5] Aquilegia Eximia. 29 It is always found growing near water along the banks or in the beds of rocky streams and blooms at least a month after the other species. It is very viscid pubescent throughout, except on the flowers. The plants are large and the leaves are mostly densely clustered on the short stems which form clumps. The flowering stems are sparsely leaved, indeed almost naked, widely branching, and rise to a height of 2-3 feet above the leafy base. The flowers are broader than long, with sepals reflexed and widely spreading, about as long as the spurs. The spurs are concave, more than half an inch across at the top and taper to the base of the globular nectaries. In the buds the spurs diverge instead of conniving as do all the other allied species. The geni- talia are as long as the petals, with filaments filiform, anthers oblong and styles almost equaling the filaments. The leaves are on long petioles about a foot in length and have much coarser and larger divisions than the other species. The beautiful figure illustrating the type shows the leaf and a branch having three flowers, identical with the specimens from Ivlarin County. It is the most showy, elegant and largest flowered of all the red- flowered species of Aquilegia. In the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences there is a specimen of this species collected by T. S. Brandegee on Mt. Hanna, I^ake County, June 27, 1884 (No. 368), and another one also from I^ake County collected by J. W. Blankinship on the North Fork of Cache Creek, July 5, 1893 (No. 367). There is a specimen in fruit which I take to be the same species collected by the author in San Bmidio Canon, Kern County, October 1, 1894 (No. 425). A. eximia has also been compared with A. Californica I^indl. Gard. Chron. 1854, 836. A drawing of this species is published which gives a branch with flower and bud. The bud has conni- vent spurs which at once distinguish it from A. eximia. Besides, there is a distinct rounded lamina, more marked than in A. tru?i- cata but not so noticeable as in A.formosa. It however seems more closely allied to A.formosa than to A. truncata. The dis- covery of the type may reestablish this species as distinct, though it seems doubtful. 3o Aquilegia Eximia. [zoe I append the original descriptions of A. eximia and A. truncata. Aquilegia eximia Planch, Fl. Serres, XII. 13, t. 1188. A. tota, flore excepta, viscoso-puberula, foliis biternatis segmentis tripartitis v. trilobis inciso-dentatis, floribus longe pedunculatis cernuis aurantiacis, sepalis lanceolatis reflexis, petalorum limbo brevissimo integro, calcare recto quam sepala paulo longiore sty- lis stamina superantibus. The type was raised from seed in the establishment of Van Houtt at Ghent, Belgium. It flowered for the first time in 1856. The author, in the notes following the description, likens the flower to a crown with ten points surmounted with five gems. These gems are the little spherical honey glands which terminate each horn. Aquilegia truncata Fisch. & Meyer, Linnaea 18, 206, transcribed from Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. ix. 1843, Suppl. 8. A. calcaribus rectis sepalorum longitudine; sepalis oblongo- lanceolatis patentissimis; nectariis fauce truncatis: limbo (petalo DC) nullo! genitalibus longissime exsertis: antheris ellipticis: capsulis 5 pubescentibus. Species e serie^. Canadensis,formosae, Skinneri et coeruleae, nectariis ad faucem truncatis, limbo (petalo) omnino nullo ab omnibus Aquilegia speciebus diversa; differt praeterea ab A. Canadensi, cui proxima, et ab A. Skimieri cal- caribus brevioribus et sepalis patentissimis; ab A.formosa sep- alis multo minoribus, genitalibus longissime exsertis et antheris ellipticis (in ilia linearibus). Habitu, pubescentia minuta tenui et foliis cum A. Canadensi convenit. Flores sordide coccinei unicolores. Sepala A. Cana- densis patentissima, unicolora vel apice subdiscolora, 8 lin. circ. longa. Nectaria (calcaria) 8j4 lin. longa, quam in A. Canadensi crassiora, recta, apice incrassata, ad faucem sub angulo recto truncata. Stamina stylorum longitudine. Antherse breves, el- lipticse. Hab. in California, prope coloniam Ross. NOTES ON CACTE^ III. KATHARINE BRANDEGEE. Mamillaria (Coryphantha) Nickelsa?. Soon and densely csespitose, glaucous and often purplish, 4-6 cm. high, hemi- spherical or globose; tubercles 10-12 mm. long, becoming quite as broad and imbricated; spines 14-18 all radial, slender, at first yellowish with darker tips, later all gray; lower spines 8-10 mm. long, the upper T/i longer, stouter, extending into the groove and forming a fascicle, the clustered fascicles making an upright tuft at the vertex; flowers 5-7 cm. in full expansion, said to be bright yellow with red center; fruit unknown. Southward from Laredo, Texas. Named for the collector, Mrs. Anna B. Nickels, and offered in catalogues as M, Nickelsii. Evi- dently closely related to M. szdcata Engelm. M. (Eumamillaria) Mainae. Hemispherical to ovate, simple, or sparingly branched from the base, reaching a height of 10 cm.; tubercles glaucous, somewhat incurved, cylindric, becoming con- ical, i—i}4 cm. long, often bright red in the naked axils; radial spines, 10-15, yellowish, becoming white, slender, scarcely pun- gent, 6-10 mm. long, the upper rather the shorter; centrals 1-2, both hooked, rarely an additional upper one; lower central, usually the only one, nearly twice as long as the radials, stout and strongly hooked, porrect, brown below, blackish above, somewhat twisted; the second central when present, widely di- varicate, ascending, weaker and shorter: flowers in crown at upper part of stem, pinkish-white or flesh-color, i-i>£ cm. in length, including the ovary; style whitish, deeply, few-lobed; fruit red, globular to obovate, shorter than the tubercles; seeds dull-black, punctate, a little more than 1 mm. long, obovate, with narrowly-linear basal hilutn. Named for the collector, Mrs. F. M. Main, who found it in So- nora, south of Nogales. It has been offered by dealers as M. Galeottii Scheid, to which it is not at all related. M. Purpusn Schum. M. f. K. iv. 165 (abb.), and Monog. Cact. 547, is certainly Echinocadus Simpsoni Engelm. The variety first Notes on Cactecz. [ZOE indicated, M. Spaethiana Schum, answers to one of the forms of var. minor Engelrn. M. Spaethiana has been sent to me from Germany, and examination shows the rather large fruiting areolse contiguous to the spines and the characteristic seeds of E. Simpsoni. Echinocereus Straussiana Quehl. M. f. K. x. 70 appears to be only E. viridiflorus var. cylindricus Engelm., Cereus viridiflorus tubulosus Coulter. Pereskia aculeata Mill, commonly known as " Blad apple " or "Barbadoes gooseberry," is a familiar and widely cultivated cactus, but the fruit seems nevertheless very little known, as Dr. Schumann, in Monog. Cact. 760, describes it as "round, spiny and scaly, of the size of a gooseberry, green. Seeds 3-5, com- pressed, oblong." P. aculeata, in San Diego, flowers and fruits in the open air, requiring no protection, though the fruit is more abundant when the plant is screened from the sea winds. It flowers from Sep- tember to November, ripening its fruits in the Spring. The ovary is leafy, with small bristly spines and some hairs in the axils, but the mature fruit is nearly smooth, 2-3 cm. long, 1^-2 cm. thick, deep, somewhat translucent, lemon-yellow. The ter- minal scales of the ovary persist as fleshy infolded lobes entirely concealing the lower part of the withered flower, something in the manner of Pereskia Poeppigii (Monog. Cact., fig. 108 C), but the points are so completely infolded that at first glance the berry seems only dimpled at the top. The berry is yellow throughout, the contents of the ovary proper being of a softer, more jelly-like consistence. The seeds (commonly only one) are nearly circular in outline, about 8 mm. broad, dark-brown, minutely rugose,thin, concavo-convex, the convex side outward, erect, with transverse basal hiluni. Kmbryo forming the larger part of a ring, the lower part of the accumbent, foliaceous, unequal cotyledons received into the flange of a spool-like endosperm. The following description of a new species of Echinocactus is extracted from a paper by Dr. Weber, published in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, April, T898. The notes concerning ij. Califor- VOL. '5] Notes on Cactece. 33 mats and E. acanthodes are translated and condensed from the same paper, every contribution to the knowledge of synonymy- being of much value. No such plant as the one described under C. Californiais is known from Baja California, but it may prove to belong to some one of the forms now aggregated under C. Emoryi. Although Dr. Weber describes his plant as '' adult" it is known that the spines often increase in number with age long after arriving at the flowering stage. Plants cultivated from seeds would soon attain a very much greater size than one of the same number of years subjected to the hard conditions of its native home, consequently two plants of the same size may have a very different spine character. "Echinocactus DiGUETi n sp. (Fig. 1) K. elongatus, dein cyl- indricus, columnaris, crassissimus, maximus; costis numerosis (34) angustis; sinubus profundis acutis; vertice impresso; areolis junioribus tomentosis; aculeis 6-7 aequalibus, gracilibus acicu- laribus, subarcuatis, flavescentibus, exterioribus 5-6, centrali 1; floribus flavidis, tubo glabro squamato. The spines are 1 central, 1 lower, 4 lateral and sometimes an upper one—all slender, acicular, nearly equal, 3-4 cm. long, straight, not annulate. The fruit is not known. According to the photographs this Echinocactus is generally 1, 2, or even 3 m. in height, by a diameter of 40, 50, or even 80 cm. Some examples of old plants, however, reach a height of 4 m., which surpasses any other species known. The photograph (fig. 1) shows that a man with upraised hand is only able to reach half the height of one of the plants. This curious Echinocactus was discovered by M. Diguet in the Catalana Island (upon most of the charts this island is called Catalina, but according to M. Diguet its true name is Catalana) situated in the Gulf of California, about 250 of latitude, and fre- quented by the pearl fishers. Echinocactus Caufornicus Monv. This species,mentioned first in Monville's Catalogue, 1846, was well known and suffi- ciently distributed in France fifty years ago. It was raised about .1 > ii 34 Notes on Cactece. [zoe 1840 by M. Duruesuil, at Havre, from seeds brought by a ship captain from Baja California. It was a mistake of Kngelmann, upon false information, to give it as a synonym of E viridescens, with which it has no analogy. Bngelmann himself, however, later acknowledged (by letter) the error that he had committed. E. Californicus is much nearer E. Emoryi, but differs from it in its spines and flowers. Having had occasion to study, at Paris, adult and authentic examples of E. Californicus raised from M. Dumesnil's seeds, and to see them flower, I give here the description: Stem subglobular, somewhat glaucous, depressed; ribs 15-20, thick, obtuse, straight, swollen around the areolse; grooves sharp; areolse large, oval, distant, furnished with horny glands. Spines all strong, rounded, not flattened, lightly ringed, outer ones 7-9, straight, radiant, the upper 2-4, slender, yellowish, 3 cm. long, the five lower stouter, 4 cm. long, horny-yellow with purple spots arranged in transverse streaks or bands; centrals four, in form of a cross, of which the three upper are straight and similar to the lower radials, the lower (truly central) is the stoutest and longest of all (about 6 cm.), ringed, rounded, 2 mm. thick, recurved at summit, purple with a yellow point. Later all the spines are horny brown. This description is drawn from an adult. The young seedlings have only eight spines, one of them central, all uncinate. Flowers pure canary-yellow, 5 cm. long, 6 cm. expansion, springing from the tomentose summit of the plant. Ovary cov- ered by about 24 imbricated, triangular-rounded, entire scales. Tube bearing a score of sepaloid scales gradually passing into the petals which are 40-45 in number, in 3 ranks, undulate on the margins and ending in a point. Stamens numerous and slender, the filaments deep carmine, anthers yellow. Style yellow, deeply divided into 16 erect stigmas. Echinocadus acanthodes Lem. Under this name I^emaire de- scribed, in 1839, a species " Californian " raised from seeds by M. Courant of Havre, and well known for forty or fifty years after in French collections. It flowered' at Monville in 1846. I have vol. 5] Short Articles. 35 had occasion to study a dead example preserved by Cels. This species is absolutely identical with that which Engelman described in 1852 under the name E. cylindraceus and which has been rein- troduced in Belgium in recent years as E. Leopoldi. It would serve no good purpose to reproduce here the descrip- tion of this Bchinocactus, today well known under the name given by Engelmann. It suffices to call attention to its synonymy and to show that Lemaire first made known this species characterized by its numerous and long spines, interwoven, recurved or flexu- ous. He called it acanthodes, because, said he, it is ' undique aculeis praegrandibus, confertissimis, maximeque intricatis, om- nino horrens, unde nomen!' " *§ SHORT ARTICLES. ON THE OCCURRENCE OF RHAGADIOIJJS HEDYPNOIS AI.I,. (HED- YPNOIS POI,YMORPHIA DC.) IN NORTH AMERICA. In the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. XVIII, p. no, Dr. Watson lists the above species as one of the plants collected by Dr. Edward Palmer at Corpus Christi, Texas, September, 1879-October, 1880. Dr. B. LV Robinson, to whom I am indebted for the above information, writes that the species is also represented in the Gray Herbarium by a specimen collected by Hon. J. W. Congdon at Hornitos, Mariposa County, California, April, 1884. Dr. Palmer's plant was reported as a waif; that of Mr. Congdon as apparently naturalized, possibly native. The attention of the writer was called to this species, hereto- fore unpublished, as from California, by finding it abundant and luxuriant near Altruria in Sonoma County, growing along the roadside, in the fields and near the flume that brings water to the Sanitarium. This was in April of the present year. In De Candolle's Prodromus, vol. VII, p. 81. Hedypnois poly- morphia DC. is said to occur through the entire Mediterranean region in roughly cultivated and ploughed fields. The species is represented in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Short Articles. [zoe Sciences by three specimens. One collected by J. Ball, near Florence, May 1848, another from the Herbarium of the Royal Museum of Florence, collected by Dr. Dukerly, near Algiers, April, 1863. A brief description of this Cichoriaceous plant may serve to help others to identify what promises to be a new weed in California. Hispid throughout, with slender, simple stems an inch or two high, to tall, widely branching plants, two or three feet high. Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, clasping, entire or sinuately toothed : radical and lower stem leaves oblanceolate and, in lux- uriant specimens, runcinately lobed, on long margined petioles clasping at base. Heads of yellow flowers from an eighth to half an inch in diameter, in naked peduncles an inch or more long: bracts of the involucre rigid, incurved, folding around the outermost akenes, muricately setose on the back, in a single series, spreading when old; outer akenes maturing, the pappus a crown of dentate scales; inner, abortive with acuminate, bar- bellate paleas, almost equalling the akene; akenes barbellate- striate, terete; receptacle naked. I have been told that where the Sanitarium now stands there was at one time a large garden worked by the Italians. It was doubtless through them that the weed was introduced.—Alice Eastwood. PINUS LAMBERTIANA ON MT. ST. On a recent trip to the summit of Mt. St. Helena several trees of the above species were seen not far from the highest point on the eastern slope of the mountain. They were not large trees, perhaps forty or fifty feet high and from a foot to nearly two feet in diameter. Some of the trees bore cones, specimens of which were collected from among those that had fallen to the ground. Besides these trees there are others, that were pointed out to me by Mrs. Patton, growing on a ridge above the toll-house. While I could recognize the species from the distance, there was then no opportunity of visiting the locality to closely inspect the trees. The trees near the summit of the mountain are not far from f 3 vol. 5] Recent Literature. 37 the trail and can be distinctly seen from it. They are between the highest point and the iron stake which marks the meeting corners of Napa, Sonoma and Lake Counties.—Alice Eastwood. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS AS A HOST PI,ANT FOR PHORADENDRON. Recently a specimen of Phoradendron flavescens Nutt, var. growing on Atdostaphylos viscida Parry, was brought to the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. It was col- lected in the foot-hills east of Marysville. As far as I am aware, this is the first record of mistletoe parasitic on manzanita, or indeed on any of the Ericacece. Apparently this Phoradendron takes the liberties accorded in a free country and grows on what- ever it pleases.—Alice Eastwood. Scotzonera Hispanica L. has become naturalized around Calis- toga and in Knight's Valley. It can be found along the road- side, growing where the ground is wet. This has undoubtedly escaped from cultivation, as it is sometimes cultivated for its roots, which are eaten as those of Tragopon or salsify. It is commonly called Viper's Grass, and was formerly used in Spain for the cure of serpent's bites. The foliage is glabrous and glaucous, the heads of flowers yellow, two inches in diameter, the buds are nodding on long curved peduncles. The plants seen were two feet or more in height.—Alice Eastwood. RECENT LITERATURE. Contributions to a knowledge of the Morphology and Ecology of the Cactacece: II. The Comparative Morphology of the Embryos and Seedlings. W. F. Ganong, A finals of Botany^ XII., 4.23- 4.74., PI. xxvi. This is an important contribution to the more exact and scien- tific study of the Cactaceae. The embryos and j^oung plants of 50 species have been studied, compared and figured. It is much to be regretted that the seeds were not figured on the same plate. Recent Literature. [zoE The conclusions reached from the studies are in most cases con- firmatory of the relationships as usually received. Some trivial errors are to be noticed, such as the misprinting of Cereus nycticalus as "C. nycticaulis," and the reference to Echin- ocereus tuberosus as the type of the slender creeping forms of the genus. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches, by I/. H. Bailey, Professor of Horticulture in Cornell University, assisted by Wilhelm Miller, associate editor, and many others. In four volumes. Illustrated with over 2,000 original engravings. Vol. I. A-D., {-to, pp. 4.09. The Macmillan Company, New York. 1900. $5.00. This book marks a distinct advance, in that it not only embod- ies all the most recent horticultural methods and important addi- tions to the number of plants in the trade, and by its great wealth of illustration brings so much of its work to the knowledge of readers in the easiest possible way, but because being prepared under the constant editorial supervision of competent botanists, and many of its articles written by botanical authorities, its nomenclature is so much more satisfactory. Of how much im- portance stable names are to the trade, botanists as a rule have small conception. The practice of the editor in this matter is marked by a wise conservatism, as is best shown by a few excerpts from his explanations: '' The Editor has desired to be conservative on the vexed ques- tion of nomenclature. This effort is particularly important in the discussion of cultivated plants, because names become estab- lished in the trade and are worth money. A plant sells under a familiar name, but it may be a commercial failure under a new or strange one. Since plants belong as much to the horticulturist as to the botanist, it is only fair that the horticulturist be con- sulted before wholesale changes are made in nomenclature. It is well to bear in mind that changes in the names of plants VOL. 5] Recent Literature. 39 proceed from two general causes: (1) from new conceptions respecting the limits of genera, species, varieties, and (2) from new ideas in the merely arbitrary fashions or systems of nomen- clature. Changes of the former kind are usually welcomed by horticulturists, because they elucidate our understanding of the plants; but changes of the latter kind are usually deplored. At the present time there is the greatest unrest in respect to systems of nomenclature. This unrest is, to be sure, in the interest of the fixity or permanency of names, but there is no guarantee—if, indeed, there is any hope—that the system which may be adopted today will be accepted by the next generation. In fact, the very difficulty of arriving at a common understanding on the question is itself the strongest .evidence that the systems do not rest on fundamental or essential principles^ but upon expediency and per- sonal preference. There is no evidence that names which.are making today will persist any longer than have those which they are supplanting. So-called reforms in nomenclature are largely national or racial movements, often differing widely between different peoples; consequently it is impossible to bring together under one system of nomenclature the cultivated plants of the world without making wholesale changes in names. Therefore, the editor has accepted the most tenable names which the plants bring, without inquiring into the system under which they are given. In gen- eral, however, he believes that the technical name of a plant is comprised of two words, and that the first combination of these two parts should be accepted as the name. Such double names as Catalpa Catalpa and Glaudum Glaurium are the results of carry- ing arbitrary rules to the utmost limit, but their ugliness and arbitrariness condemn them. It is to be expected that in the names of plants, as in everything else, the race will not long tolerate inflexibility." The regional articles with maps are of more than ordinary interest, though the "California" notice is somewhat of a disap- pointment as compared to some others, being prepared almost entirely from the standpoint of the fruit-grower. NOTES AND NEWS. Prof. W. A. Setchell is spending his vacation in studying the flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Prof. J. W. Tuomey of the University of Arizona has been appointed Assistant Professor of Forestry at Yale. The courses offered by him will be Forest Botany, Outlines of Forestry, Forest Planting and Sowing, Forest Technology, Lumbering and Forest Protection. Prof. Tuomey has many friends in the west, who are loth to spare him, even for his own advancement. Prof. F. H. Hildman of the Agricultural College of Nevada has resigned the Chair of Botany in that institution. His loss is likely to be severely felt. Miss Susan G. Stokes of the Salt Lake High School is spend- ing her vacation with her parents at Chollas Valley, San Diego. The monograph of the large genus Eriogonum on which she has been engaged for several years is approaching completion. Dr. Edward Palmer is engaged at Washington, in arranging the mass of notes connected with his many years of botanical collecting. JOHN R. BARROWS announces to the botanical world and to the general public the fact that as a DEALER IN RARE CAGTI he offers Mammilaria venusta, M. armillata and other new species as well as the commoner and better known forms, AND Attractive prices will be quoted. He will furnish bright, healthy plants and will endeavor, generally, to make of every purchaser a friend and well- wisher. Correspondence is invited upon this subject. He offers also BOTANICAL SPECIMENS. Believing that the time has come, when large sets of plants from regions already fairly well known are no longer desirable in the larger herbaria he offers for sale as desiderata a large number of rare plants collected by Dr. C. A. Purpus, A. W. Anthony and others. Plants will be in good condition, correctly named, and special attention given to fruits. Also Botanical and Zoological Publications, especially Author's separates. Lists on Application. SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. P. O. BOX 396. ZOK Vol. 5 AUGUST, 1900. No 3 Editor, Katharine Brandegee. CONTENTS: Contributions to Western Botany, No. ix: Marcus E. Jones..... 41 New Species of Galium and Notes on a few of the California Forms: Wiixiam F. Wright...................... 53 Short Articles—Some Plants of Mendociuo County new to the Flora of California..................... 58 A new Species of Chorizanthe from Lower California . , 60 ZOE PUBLISHING COMPANY, P. O. Eox, 684, San Diego, California. A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF BOTANY. Subscription for United States, Canada and Mexico, $2.00 per year in advance; single numbers, 20 cents. Other countries in Postal Union, $2.25 per year. Vol. i, ii, iii, iv, about 400 pages each, with 33 plates, numerous new species, and many important papers indispensable to the student of West American botany, $2.00 each. Vol. I. will not be sold separately, but a few of the numbers can be had singly. Zob Publishing Company, Box 684, San Diego, California. Vol. Y AUGUST, 1900. No. 3 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY, No. IX. .MARCUS K. JOXKS. PKrcEPHYixrM Sciiottii Gray has a synonym in ftrionia dyso- dioidcs Jones. The writer worked out the proper place of this genus in the Composilw, and after being unable to match it by any materi- al or published species or genus he sent it east for comparison for fear that it might prove to be some obscure genus not known to him. Receiving a reply that it could not be matched there he then ventured to publish it. Mrs. Brandegee, after receiving a specimen of it, informed the writer that it matched some material of her's referred to Pcuccphyllum. A second comparison at Har- vard proved that it was identical with Pcuccphyllum Schottii. Dr. Gray having wrongly referred the genus to the Scnecionidccc instead of the Tagclincce, it was not found on the first comparison. Cil-Hnactis macranti-ia Eaton. The writer had long noticed that almost all specimens of the species in herbaria had a wilted or collapsed look, and also that growing it never seemed to be in good condition. On a recent trip into the desert the writer studied the plant growing and found it to be a night bloomer, the flowers collapsing early in the morning. A little after sun- down the flowers open wide and the outer ones bend over and spread out, forming a large head of pearl-white flowers, as the pink outer part becomes invisible then. C. stcvioides seems to be a trifle stiffer in the evening, but there is scarcely a perceptible dif- ference in the flowers by day or night. All other species of Clucnadis that the writer knows are day bloomers, or rather, keep open all the time. Gh.ta pungkns and all its varieties, G. Califomica, and G. Wat- son i are all night bloomers, nearly all the other species of Gilia Vol. V. AUGUST, 1900. No. 3 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY, No. IX. MARCUS E. JONES. Peucephyllum Schottii Gray has a synonym in Inyonia dyso- dioides Jones. The writer worked out the proper place of this genus in the Composites, and after being unable to match it by any materi- al or published species or genus he sent it east for comparison for fear that it might prove to be some obscure genus not known to him. Receiving a reply that it could not be matched there he then ventured to publish it. Mrs. Brandegee, after receiving a specimen of it, informed the writer that it matched some material of her's referred to Peucephyllum. A second comparison at Har- vard proved that it was identical with Peucephyllum Schottii. Dr. Gray having wrongly referred the genus to the SenedonidecB instead of the TageiinecE, it was not found on the first comparison. Ch^nactis macrantha Eaton. The writer had long noticed that almost all specimens of the species in herbaria had a wilted or collapsed look, and also that growing it never seemed to be in good condition. On a recent trip into the desert the writer studied the plant growing and found it to be a night bloomer, the flowers collapsing early in the morning. A little after sun- down the flowers open wide and the outer ones bend over and spread out, forming a large head of pearl-white flowers, as the pink outer part becomes invisible then. C. stevioides seems to be a trifle stiffer in the evening, but there is scarcely a perceptible dif- ference in the flowers by day or night. All other species of Chce?iactis that the writer knows are day bloomers, or rather, keep open all the time. Gilia pungens and all its varieties, G. Californica, and G. Wat- soni are all night bloomers, nearly all the other species of Gilia 4 \* i 42 Contributions to Western Botany, No. IX. [zoK are open all the time after they first come out. The night bloomers are all fragrant so far as I remember. I,yc.lum Andersoni Gray. This is a shrub characteristic of the desert region in the juniper belt of the Great Basin. It has the usual scraggly, stunted, tangled, and spiny look, forming a rounded mass about 2]A. feet high and is rigid and with fleshy leaves, reminding one of Sarcobatus though denser and less high. It looks like a plant that would revel in alkali, but on the contrary it never grows in alkaline soil, nor do its leaves taste salty as those of such plants do. It prefers gravelly washes bu^ occasionally grows on plains in the desert. The stems are tufted and bent, roughened throughout with many minute cracks which expose the thin layers of bark. The bark does not peel up into flakes but shows many thin edges and splits into flat threads. The older bark is spotted with many black specks. The twigs taper into needle tips and are white and knotty in the axils of the leaves, and come out nearly at right angles to the stems. The stems are often twisted and much bent. The wood is greenish and compact but rather brittle. The fruit is generally scarce, but this season occasional bushes were found which were loaded with the cherry-red berries, the larger ones being y$ inch long, round or slightly ellipsoidal, slightly acid, rather insipid, about as solid as a ripe huckleberry. Astragalus Kentrophyta Gray var. rotundus This is the same as A. tegetariusvox. rotundus Jones, Cont. VII, 650. The writer has for a long time tried to believe that A. tegetarius was distinct from A. Kentropkyta, but it is impossible to keep it up as anything but a sub-species at most. It is one of the very rare cases where a species that has its home in theoak or even in the juniper belt has a variety that inhabits the spruce belt almost^ to timber line. Astragalus Craigi. Coll. by Howell on John Day's River, Or., May, 1885. Habit of A. drepanolobus and diurnus Perennial, widely spreading, a foot long, nodes about 1 inch apart, slender stems and peduncles sulcate; petiole from % to }/i the leaf; middle leaves the largest, 3 inches long, of 4-5 pairs of obovate, long- vol. 5] Contributions to Western Botany, No. IX. 43 petiolulate, sub-alternate, emarginate, thickish, 3-4 lines long leaf- lets: whole plant nearly glabrous; pubescence fixed by trie base, of short, appressed hairs; peduncles axillary throughout, %-i inch long with rachis the same, racemosely 6-8 flowered; bracts minute, triangular; pedicels slender, 1 line long; flowers white, 3 lines long, arched, reflexed; calyx tube campanulate, 1 line long, not oblique, narrowed below, teeth triangular, a little shorter and not arched; banner purple-veined, 2 lines long,oval, abruptly arched to 900 at calyx tips, sides reflexed, % line wide; wings oblong* ascending, 1 line longer than keel; keel a little exceeding the calyx teeth, rounded, obtuse, short, incurved, tip erect and straight; pods arcuate, oblanceolate, triangular-acute, when young laterally compressed, when mature inflated and cross sec- tion oval-reniform, sulcate dorsally and septum a little intruded, not nearly reaching the ventral suture, 3-3^2 lines high and wide, sessile, nearly glabrous, papery, horizontal, with the calyx vental reflexed, not sulcate ventrally, nor ventral suture raised; stipules triangular, adnate, not connate, small, green. Distri- buted as A. drepanolobus. This has the habit of A. drepanolobus and the inflated pod of A. Geyeri. Dedicated to Prof. Craig, in whose herbarium it was found. Astragahcs Cusickii Gray. This interesting species was first discovered many years ago by Mr. Cleburne, a part of his original material being in my herbarium, but it was only a few years ago that it came into my possession. Cleburne's speci- mens were gathered at the entrance of the great Snake river canon, just opposite Huntington, Oregon, in Idaho. Cusick's specimens were gathered also in Idaho and in the same canon, but further north, near the town of Ruthberg. Last year the wrfter found the species growing abundantly at the type locality, and also at Goff, Idaho, near the mouth of the Iyittle Salmon river. This season I also found it in full flower and fruit at Cle- burne's locality, and had a chance to study it growing. It always grows on steep and gravelly hillsides in the Purshia (oak) belt. It has the habit of A. filipes Gray and the flowers are scarcely distinguishable from that species, but the ballon- shaped pods show that it is closely related to A. Hookerianus. ¦HI 44 Contributions to Western Botany, No. IX. [zoE It grows in close tufts 2^ feet high and is erect, like filipes. When young the flowers are almost pure white, turning to cream- color with age, % inch long, horizontal; calyx i}i lines long, almost round in cross-section, nearly truncate at base, inserted a trifle below the middle, white, both sides straight, mouth gib- bous, the lower side decidedly longer; teeth % line long, deltoid- triangular; banner fiddle-shaped by being much contracted yi the way up from the base, abruptly arched to vertical at a point 1 % to 2 lines beyond the calyx tips, a little hooded at tip and with a somewhat thickened claw, nearly oval in outline but appearing oblong, sides reflexed only in the middle, but much so there, and with the reflexed part about a line wide, sulcus very deep and a mere slit at base, but it shallows and becomes very broadly V- shaped above, water-lined, erect part 3 lines long, truncate at tip, wings about 2 lines wide and one line longer than the keel; obliquely oblong and rounded, both of them concave to keel and flaring beyond it, nearly straight; keel blade about 2 lines long, abruptly rounded and with straight and erect tip, 1^ lines high, acute, yellow-tipped; pods horizontal, cross-section half-oval, broadly shallow-sulcate ventrally, compressed at the short-stipitate base, very thin and papery, with oily or watery drops inside, trans- lucent, red-nerved and stippled above, nearly straight. Fruit ripe in May. Astragalus MuivFORD^ Jones. This was described provision- ally from a single specimen collected by Miss Mulford at Weiser, Idaho, there being no data to indicate its habitat. Last year the writer found it almost out of fruit, and this spring again in full flower and fruit. Unlike the species to which it seemed the most related its habitat is on the hottest south slopes of yielding sand beds on the upper edge of the juniper belt. Back of Weiser there are bluffs several hundred feet high of friable clays, sands and infusorial earth, which weather into steep slopes with soil so soft that a person's feet sink down several inches as he walks or climbs over it. This is the home of this species. The roots are sin- gle, thick and fleshy at the erect tip, and run down many feet nearly straight into the ground; at the crown they branch into many smaller crowns which form an open mat a few inches wide, from the mats vol. 5] Contributions to Western Botany, No. IX. 45 arise the slender decumbent stems much after the fashion of A. Nuttallianus, but more erect, only the outer stems being pros- trate. The flowers are like those of A. Nuttallianus and are about 3 lines long; banner 2 lines wide and 2j^ lines long above the bend, dirty-white and water-lined, abruptly bent to over 900 y^ a line beyond the calyx tips, deeply and broadly sulcate to the tip with a sulcus ^ a line deep and a line wide which occupies all of the upper half of the banner, sides reflexed about ^ a line wide opposite the end of the keel but not at all at tip, banner nearly square, emarginate, with just the faintest trace of a white spot in the center; wings obliquely-elliptical, nearly a line wide in the middle, the right-hand one being folded past the end of the keel and the leit-hand one flaring much, but both touching each other at the tip, both concave to the keel and obscurely notched below the tip, fully a line longer than keel and arcuate upwards, white, not distinctly water-lined; keel very short, abruptly bent at the end into nearly % a circle, slightly darker at tip, very blunt; calyx campanulate, a-line long, with subulate teeth Yi a line long in addition, straight, a little obliquely inserted at the acutish base; pedicels slender, yi a line long, as long as the ovate bract; fruit with ventral suture in some cases, distinctly concave, though normally convex, 2-celled by the intrusion of the dorsal suture which is a line wide exclusive of the shallow sulcus, papery pod smooth or minutely hairy, hoary when young, pendent, acute at both ends, triquetrous and with concave sides; stipe 1^2 lines long; stipules large, green normally, 2 lines long, triangular, adnate, not connate, the lower ones often hyaline and imbricated; stems a little angled, not sulcate. This was in flower and fruit April 19, 1900, but keeps blooming for some weeks. Astragalus glareosus Dougl. The writer spent some time in the home of this species, but did not remain long enough to com- plete his studies on this and the allied forms; sufficient informa- tion was gained to nearly satisfy him that this and A. inflexus are identical except that the latter is more caulescent. Astragalus malacus Gray. This species as it generally oc- curs is remarkably well characterized, only in its southern range 46 Contributions to Western Botany', No. IX. [zoe does it seem to vary much. It was found on April 27, 1900, near Weiser, Idaho, considerably out of its usual range. Specimens gathered there show flowers ^ inch long, pink-purple; wings and keel same color; wings nearly straight, broadly linear, a lit- tle narrower toward the tip, a line wide, narrower than the keel and a line longer; banner ovate, sides reflexed to the sulcus throughout, the reflexed part fully 1 x/2 lines wide at base of ban- ner; sulcus V-shaped below and more shallow above; keel rounded in an arc of a circle and very obtuse, blade 7 lines long and claw not exserted; white spot on banner large and purple-veined, ob- long; calyx thin, much compressed, lower side straight, upper side arched, inserted in line with the base; teeth linear-subulate, calyx 5-nerved, pink; young pods white-hairy. Astragalus Purshii Douglas var. tinctus Jones has the flow- ers almost exactly those of A. Utahensis in color (a brilliant pink- purple); banner broadly elliptical; gently arched to 45° from the end of calyx tube; sulcus narrowly U-shaped for 4 lines in length, then widens to about ^ a line near the tip, and at the tip it van- ishes, it is very narrow at the base of blade; white spot spatu- late, a line wide at tip, comes within a line of the end of the blade; sides of banner reflexed for 2 lines in width in the middle on each side, all but the sulcus being reflexed; banner barely notched; wings broadly linear, concave to keel, narrowed at tip, almost straight, 1 y2 lines wide at base, rounded at tip and obtuse, narrower than keel and exposing both its upper and lower sides; keel gently arched to 900 from the base, dark-purple-tipped, very obtuse, straight, blade barely 3 lines long; calyx inflated (as is the case with the type and with A. Utahensis also), much com- pressed laterally, red-lined, constricted at tip, 6 lines long, subu- late teeth 2 lines more, both upper and lower sides of calyx a lit- tle arched, a little fleshy and narrowed at the base; pods abruptly incurved at tip in the Idaho forms. Astragalus Artemisiarum Jones. It seems like a very slim foundation to build a species on the color of the flowers and the presence or absence of pulp in the pod, which are the characters which separate this from A. Beckwithii, but diligent search this VOL. 5] Contributions to Western Botany, No. IX. 47 season fails to show any intergrades. The pods are more mot- tled, much more rigid, the whole plant less leafy, leaflets smaller, and the whole inclined to be glaucous. Astragalus Beckwithii Torr. Watson, in his revision in King's Report, never seems to have suspected the genetic relation- ship of this plant, as he placed it with the "Argophylli," with whose species it has not the slightest relationship. Its true place is with the "Inflati" and it is a very close congener to A. oophorus. Astragalus Beckwithii Torr. var. Weiserensis, leaflets about an inch long, ovate to oval-ovate, contiguous, glaucous, very obtuse, 4 to 5 pairs, thick; stems, peduncles and petioles very sulcate and stout; pods little mottled, coriaceous, slightly corrugated, distinctly transversely veined below, much obcom- pressed, about 2 lines high, 4 lines wide and an inch long, arcuate to yi circle, pungently acute, oblong-elliptical in outline, ventral suture raised y2 a line high as a thin and papery keel; flowers few, shortly racemose or almost capitate, about an inch long, nearly white; banner abruptly bent to 8o° at a point a line beyond the calyx tips, cream-colored, broadly oblong, somewhat fiddle- shaped, being contracted Yi the distance above the base, sides reflexed only near the middle, water-lined, with no white spot, the base of the blade sticks down like ears on each side below the keel-tip, base very thick and rigid and fleshy, swelled and larger at keel-tip and tapering from there to the end of the claw; sulcus conical and much constricted below, disappears at tip of banner in a groove; wings broadly linear or elliptical-oblauceolate, over a line wide, deeper cream-colored and water-lined throughout,tip rounded but almost acute, entire, arched a little, flat to keel and flaring a little at tip, not as wide as, but two lines longer than the keel; keel straight, tip straight, erect, blunt, yellow, the blade 3 lines long; calyx decidedly compressed, oblique, hyaline, trun- cate at base and oblique there, lower side straight, upper side arched, smooth, teeth subulate, 2 to 2^ lines long, tube as long; bracts subulate-lanceolate, 6 lines long, green; pedicels ^ to a line long, stout; flowers horizontal; stems rather short, rarely over 6 to 10 inches long and decumbent. Taken as a whole this Contributions to Western Botany, No. IX [zoE Mil is a much more robust and coarser plant with more inflated pods. It grows at Weiser, Idaho, ou mesas and is common. Stanleya confertiflora (Rob.) Howell. Mr. Howell, who goes the Brittonians one better in erecting all varieties and forms into species without distinction,has accidentally made a finespecies in this Stanleya. Though it is somewhat related to 6". viridifiora it is a better species than 6*. data Jones. The writer discovered it on April 27, 1900, near Weiser, Idaho, and later saw it in several places and had a chance to study it in all its phases. It, like all the other species, prefers rather loose clay soil where lit- tle else will grow, and grows only in the juniper belt. It is bien- nial, with a single stem from a stout, single, straight and erect root; the stems never branch except when injured, though the crown occasionally produces more than one stem; about half of the plant is the wand-like and very showy and long spike of flowers, yellow as gold; stems round, neither angled nor winged; leaves entire and like those of Arabis perfoliata; pedicels an inch long, ascending, rather stout, enlarged at both ends; sepals light green, linear, fy line wide, obtuse, flat, faintly nerved, becoming reddish-yellow with age, very inconspicuous, erect, spreading only when old and then often twisted, thin but thickened at very base; petals very delicate and crimped, thin, ^ line wide, fully 6 lines long, gradually reduced to a flat but nearly filiform claw 8 lines long, which is thickened at base; petals greenish-yellow, turning to white as they dry, white by the time the anthers begin to open, fully out before the sepals open except at the very tip, the anthers also being still inclosed in the sepals; anthers 2-celled, 3 lines long, broadly linear, obtuse, straight, as the cells begin to open at the tip they coil tightly as the}r open, they are attached by the end; filaments are like the claws of the petals but not flat, filiform, about 9 to 12 lines long when fully out, all the floral parts perfectly smooth; immature pod 4 inches long, linear, on a stripe a trifle stouter than the filaments and as long, pod minutely and abruptly and bluntly apiculate; spikes dense, 1 to 2 feet long; whole plant is usually about 3 feet high. Vioi- K. M. Wiegand in Torr. Bull, xxiv, 397, but it agrees with the other specimens examined in the number of leaves, which is greater than in G. tindorium of the Eastern States. The variety also has the pedicels strongly divaricate in fruit, which is not characteristic of G. tinctorium. This variety is somewhat intermediate between G. trifidum Claytoni and the type of G. tinctormm. G. siccatum. Perennial, one to four feet high, erect and very much branched and bushy when growing in some situations, or reclining in others; the whole plant cinereus-puberulent; leaves in fours, not rigid, linear, four to eight lines long, one-half to one line broad, bareby mucronulate, mid-rib not prominent; inflores- cense cymose-paniculate, flowers polygamous, greenish-yellow, numerous; fruit a line broad, densely hispid with straight bristles. California, from San Diego north to San Benito County, and east to the Mojave: Del Mar, San Diego County, T. S. Brande- gee; Wilson's Peak, Los Angeles Co., A. J. McClatchie, May, 1896; Eagle Creek, San Benito Co., W. R. Dudley, June 3, 1899; [Eagle Creek plant grew out of rocks.] Antelope Valley, northwest of Mojave Desert, W. R. Dudle}', No. 53. G. siccatum is most closely related to G. angustifolium, but may easily be distinguished from the latter, as the whole surface of G. siccatum is cinereous-puberulent. Q. Coloradoense. Suffrutescent-perennial, twelve to eight- een inches high, much branched from the base, woody portions VOL. 5] New Species of Galium. 55 brownish-red from the presence of coloring matter, glabrous; leaves in fours, linear, mostly six to nine lines long, one line broad, inclined to be rigid, glabrous or very slightly pruinose on the margins; mid-rib rather prominent below and continuous with the stem-angles; flowers axillary and terminal, polygamous; fruit densely hispid with straight bristles, pedicels reflexed. Colorado, Southern Utah; Mancos, Colorado, A. Eastwood, June, 1892; S. W. Colorado, T. S. Brandegee, Nos. 1175, 1176. Nos. 1175, 1176 are perhaps referred to by Gray, in the Synop- tical Flora, as possibly belonging to G. Mathewsii, Gray, but the plant is certainly distinct from that species. Its nearest ally is G. multiflonim Watsoni. G. ambiguum. Wholly herbaceous, growing in low tufts from creeping stems, plant grayish with hirsute pubescense; leaves in fours, but appearing several in the upper whorls from the pres- ence of two short branches at the nodes, linear to linear-lanceo- late, acute or acuminate, thin and flaccid; flowers polygamous or dioecious, greenish-yellow, ovary pubescent, immature fruit appa- ¦rently fleshy, glabrous; mature fruit not seen. Description based on a single plant bearing the datum, Yolo Bolo, Yolo Co., Cal., T. S. Brandegee, Sept. 20, 1892. It is a somewhat ambiguous species, perhaps to be placed after G. Californicum. Q. sparsiflorum. Perennial, erect or sometimes reclining ing; stems a foot or two long, glabrous or nearly so; leaves in fours, unequal, oval or ovate, mostly rather large, eight lines, long and'five lines broad, or leaves of some plants exceeding this size, others not attaining it, cuspidate-pointed, often indistinctly three-nerved, thin and membranous, varying from nearly gla- brous to pubescent with minute and short hairs; flowers axillary or terminal, pedicels capillary; fruit baccate, glabrous, at length reflexed. Central California: Big Meadows, Plumas County, Mrs. R. M. Austin, 1878; Deer Creek, Sequoia Grove, Tulare County, W. R. Dudley, No. 643, 1895; Antelope Canon, Tehachapi Moun- tains, W. R. Dudley, No. 377: Giant Forest, Tulare County, New Species of Galium. [ZOE W. R. Dudley, No. 1214; In or near Yosemite Valley, I^embert, No. 32; Converse Basin, South Fork King's River, Fresno County, Alice Kastwood, July 14, 1899- G. sparsiflorum is allied to G. Californicum, H. & A. No. 377, Dudley, is a stouter plant than the type with hispid leaves and more abundant fertile flowers, perhaps a variety, G. subscabridum. Perennial, erect or diffusely branching ing, a foot or more high; stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves in fours or opposite on the branchlets, unequal, oval, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, acute or acuminate, six to eight lines long, three to four lines broad, those on the branchlets half as large, one-nerved, mid-rib rather prominent below, margins and surfaces minutely scabrous; flowers not seen; fruit fleshy on stout recurved pedi- cels, these axillary or terminal, solitary, about three lines long. Central California: Wawona, J. W. Congdon, June, 1883; Sequoia Mill, Fresno County, A. Kastwood, July 19, 1892. This plant is most closely related to G. Bolanderi, but need in no way be confused with it. G. muricatum, Perennial, diffuse and apparently spreading by. slender creeping root-stocks; stems very weak, three to eight or more inches long, minutely scabrous; leaves in fours, elliptical, acuminate, three to four lines long, one to one and one- half lines broad, one-nerved, hispid on the margins and upper surface, very slightly so or not at all on the lower; flowering peduncles axillary and terminal, usually in two's or three's, cap- illary, minutely scabrous; flowers apparently white, corolla four- parted, fruit not seen. A single plant collected at Westport, Mendocino County, Cal., by T. S. Brandegee, June 19 (no year given). An anomalous form, perhaps, to be placed near G. Miguelense, though it is not very closely allied to that form. Q. chartaceum. Perennial, less than a span high, branched from near the base, erect, stems very nearly glabrous or minutely hispid at the nodes; leaves in fours, one-nerved, some- what chartaceous in texture, oblanceolate to obovate, cuspidate- pointed, hispid with rather long hairs on the margins and upper VOL. 5] New Species of Galium. 57 surface, glabrous on the lower; flowers axillary and terminal, in clusters at the ends of the branches, apparently yellowish, corolla four-parted, pedicels short; fruit not seen. A single plant, San Francisco, Cal., collected by Mrs. Brande- gee, July 4 (no year given). G. chartaceum, is another anomalous species to be placed provisionally near G. Miguelense, though like G. muricatum it is not closely related to that species. A few of the foregoing descriptions, such as are based upon a small amount of material, may have to be modified somewhat when more specimens are available, but they have been formu- lated only after a careful examination of a large number of sheets of W. American Galiums. Nearly all of the Western species of Galium are so variable that to base descriptions upon the extreme of any one might exclude many forms which upon the examina- tion of considerable material are shown to properly belong to the species. Even species common to both the Eastern and Western States, and which are fairly well defined in the East, become ex- ceedingly variable in the West. Some forms of G. trifidum Pacifi- «*;>z, Wiegand, and G. tindorium submontanum, approach each other very closely. G. trifidum Parificum, however, almost in- variably has a three-parted corolla, while G. tindorium submon- tantim has the corolla either three- or four-parted and also has a larger number of leaves in the whorl. The whole trifidum group is certainly composed of very closely related forms, and G. tindo- rium is considered as a species here simply because in the East it is fairly well marked and it seems more convenient to so consider it. G. trifidum is probably more variable than G. tindorium, but the varieties of both species in the East as well as in the West must be considered as approaching each other very closely in some instances. G. cymosum, Wiegand, and G. arcuatum, Wiegand, formerly in- cluded under G. trifidum, the writer has not seen, but from the descriptions given in Torr. Bull., xxiv., they would appear to be sufficiently distinct from other forms of the trifidum group to be retained as species. Short Articles. [zoe In the examination of a quantity of material of G. Californicum, H. & A., the writer finds that species to be so variable that G. occide?itale, McClatchie, cannot be retained as a species or even as a variety. The writer wishes to acknowledge, in the preparation of both this paper and a paper on the Geographical Distribution of North American Galiums, to be printed later, the aid of the following, persons who have kindly loaned the collections of Galiums in their possession: Miss Alice Eastwood, Curator of the Herba- rium, California Academy of Sciences; Prof. Aven Nelson, University of Wyoming; Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Brandegee, Mr. S. B. Parish, Mr. A. D. E. Elmer, Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, and Mr. J. B Flett. The writer is also under special obligations to Prof. William R. Dudley, to whose numerous suggestions and criti- cisms is due whatever merit the papers may possess. William F. Wright. Stanford University, Calif., May 18, 1900. SHORT ARTICLES. Some Plants ok Mendocino County New to the Flora of California. . On looking over a collection of plants made by Mrs. Alexander McCallum, at Glen Blair, not far from Fort Bragg, in Mendocino County, the following species were noted as not having been pre- viously reported from California. Calla palustris I/. This species, common in Europe and the Atlantic States of North America, was collected in a place known locally as Little Valley, not far from Glen Blair. The specimens are identical with those which are in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences from other localities. The discovery of this adds another member to the representatives of the Aroidese on the Pacific Coast, the other Lysichiton Kamschat- kensis, being found at Noyo, which is a few miles distant from Glen Blair. VOL. 5] Short Articles. 59 Lampsana communis L. This Composite was collected on the road from Glen Blair to Ten Mile River. It has probably been introduced, as it has also been collected at Santa Barbara. There is a specimen in the Herbarium of the Academy from the latter place, collected by Dr. Stearns. Ribes la.custre Poir. This was also collected in Little Val- ley. It is identical with the species of the Atlantic Coast and is quite unlike the variety mollc Gray of the Sierra NeAada. Rosa Nutkana Presl. This is the common rose in Little Valley and is the largest flowered species of California. It has been collected also by H. B. Brown, on the north side of Mount Shasta, being No. 349 of his collection. These are all represented in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, the specimens from Mendocino County having been presented by Mrs. McCallum. Cnicus giganteus Willd., in Santa Cruz County, California. This thistle is a native of the Southern Mediterranean region. There is a specimen in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, collected by Dr. Dukerly in the Province of Con- stantine, Algiers. The plant from Santa Cruz County was dis- covered by the Honorable Horace Davis, growing on his country place near Glenwood. There were two plants growing side by side and they reached the great height of twelve feet and two inches, with a diameter at base of two inches. The summit spread out into a great panicle, containing hundreds of sessile heads in bunches at the ends of branchlets, with the ovate in- volucres as hard, almost, as bullets and altogether so heavy as to bend the stout stem to the ground. The leaves are broad and amplexicaul not deeply lobed and with the divisions spine-tipped; the lower surface is white tomentose, the upper scabrous, with short appressed bristles. The involucres are about an inch long with many small scales; these are green at base, have a yellowish spot at apex and are tipped with a short, stiff, yellow or brown spine, they are somewhat arachnoid tomentose. The flowers are purple. 6o Short Articles. Specimens were sent to the Gray Herbarium for comparison with specimens there. Edwin B. Uline, who kindly made the comparison and looked up the description in books not available to the author, writes as follows: "There is only one specimen of Cnicus giganteus Willd. in our herbarium and that, too, was col- lected in Algiers. It has heads slightly larger than the speci- men you sent, but otherwise it is, in all particulars, identical. It also conforms well to descriptions and plates." The country where this was found is a land where there are many vineyards, cared for by Italians, chiefly. Doubtless the plant has been introduced through these people. Mr. Davis has destroyed the two plants and has, perhaps, obliterated the species from this continent, but the probabilities are that it is to be found elsewhere and this note may serve to identify it to the next collector. Alice Eastwood. A New Species op Chorizanthe From Lower California. Chorizanthe inequalis. Slender, diffuse; branches numer- ous from the base, cymose, procumbent, more or less elongated, thinly pubescent; leaves basal, oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering to a narrow petiole, pubescent with scattered hairs; bracts at the nodes two in number, slender, somewhat broader in the middle, acicular; involucres solitary or crowded; tube 3 mm. long, grooved; limb deeply cleft, divisions unequal; larger recurved, divergent, awned; alternate minute; flower single, 2 mm. long, pink and glabrous, in shape campanulate, short pedicellate, tube included, limb exserted; segments unequal, outer round obovate, obtuse or truncate, inner oblong, much shorter, both entire and erose; stamens 9; anthers oval; akene short. San Telmo, Baja California, May 31, 1893. Collected by Mr. T. S. Brandegee. The species is nearest C. staiicoides Bth. and C.flava, Brandg. From the first it is distinguished by the wide spreading lobes of the involucre and the pubescence of the leaves, which is not tomentose; from the second by its short, broad flower and un- equal perianth lobes. Susan G. Stokes. 6o Short Articles. [zoe Specimens were sent to the Gray Herbarium for comparison with specimens there. Edwin B. Uline, who kindly made the comparison and looked up the description in books not available to the author, writes as follows: "There is only one specimen of Cnicus giganteus Willd. in our herbarium and that, too, was col- lected in Algiers. It has heads slightly larger than the speci- men you sent, but otherwise it is, in all particulars, identical. It also conforms well to descriptions and plates." The country where this was found is a land where there are many vineyards, cared for by Italians, chiefly. Doubtless the plant has been introduced through these people. Mr. Davis has destro\*ed the two plants and has, perhaps, obliterated the species from this continent, but the probabilities are that it is to be found elsewhere and this note may serve to identify it to the next collector. Alice Eastwood. A New Species of Chorizanthe From Lower California. Chorizanthe inequalis. Slender, diffuse; branches numer- ous from the base, cymose, procumbent, more or less elongated, thinly pubescent; leaves basal, oblauceolate, obtuse, tapering to a narrow petiole, pubescent with scattered hairs; bracts at the nodes two in number, slender, somewhat broader in the middle, acicular; involucres solitary or crowded; tube 3 mm. long, grooved: limb deeply cleft, divisions unequal; larger recurved, divergent, awned; alternate minute; flower single, 2 mm. long, pink and glabrous, in shape campanulate, short pedicellate, tube included, limb exserted; segments unequal, outer round obovate, obtuse or truncate, inner oblong, much shorter, both entire and erose; stamens 9; anthers oval; akene short. San Telmo, Baja California, May 31, 1S93. Collected by Mr. T. S. Brandegee. The species is nearest C. stalicoides Btli. and C.flava, Brandg. From the first it is distinguished by the wide spreading lobes of the involucre and the pubescence of the leaves, which is not tomentose; from the second by its short, broad flower and un- equal perianth lobes. Susan G. Stokes. I 15 JOHN R. BARROWS announces to the botanical world and to the general public the fact that as a DEALER IN RARE CACTI he offers Mammilaria venusta, M. armillata and other new species as well as the commoner and better known forms, AND Attractive prices will be quoted. He will furnish bright, healthy plants and will endeavor, generally, to make of every purchaser a friend and well- wisher. Correspondence is invited upon this subject. He offers.also BOTANICAL SPECIMENS. Believing that the time has come, when largesets of plants from regions already fairly well known are no longer desirable in the larger herbaria he offers for sale as desiderata a large number of rare plants collected by Dr. C. A. Purpus, A. W. Anthony and others. Plants will be in good condition, correctly named, and special attention given to fruits. Also Botanical and Zoological Publications, especially Author's separates. Lists on Application. SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. P. O. BOX 396. Qrrn Vol. 5 SEPTEMBER—OCTOBER, 1900 No. 5 Editor, Katharine Brandegee CONTENTS: Preliminary Notes on West Coast Porphyras: H. T. A. Hus........61 New Species of California Plants: Auce Eastwood.....-......80 Rediscovery of Thermopsis macrophylla: Auce Eastwood. .......76 A New Tapirira from Baja California: T. S. Brandegee.........78 Contribution to Southern Califoraia Botany: S. B. Parish........71 ZOE PUBLISHING COMPANY, P. O. Box, 684, San Diego, California, ZOE A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF BOTANY. Subscription for United States, Canada, and Mexico, $2.00 per year in advance; single numbers, 20 cents. Other countries in Postal Union, $2.25 per year. Vol. i, ii, iii, iv, about 400 pages each, with 33 plates, numerous new species, and many important papers indispensable to the student of West American botany, $2.00 each. Vol. I. will not be sold separately, but a few of the numbers can be had singly. Zoe Publishing Company, Box 684, San Diego, California. V! .. Y. SLCPTKMIJKR OCToHKR, 1900. I'Rl-IJMIXARY NOTKS OX WKST-COAST POR- PIIYRAS.- II. ':'. A. Ii!"S. I'p to a few yi.-iirs a;:;o our knowledge of the members -it llie _enu;; Porphyra occurring . A^rardh •'Si') re]». >ru.-d /'. /•¦' r/ui <:;? /; ho'M the Pacific Coast. In 1S91 Dr. Ander.sop. added two new species. /'. no/nnhaa and /;. X< riccvstis, while Tilden i\jS) credited four sr^ecies of I'orphyra to the I'ncific Coast, viz., /'. >;u')iiii!(t, /\ j,\r/\:t)'ii/}/, P. latrosfirfit, and /'. lociuiata. Some of the species above mentioned, proved, on examination, to be identical with others, so that, up to 1S99, tliere liad been reported from the West Coast of North America but four species., viz., P. ficrforata, /'. noiiniinn, P. .Yt'n'oc'vs'/s, and /'. miniate. To this number we have added nine species or varieties, amoii» which tliere are four new ones. This notice is intended merely as a preliminary, awaiting the publication of the author's carefully prepared notes and drawings. k k v . 1. Fronds moiiostromatio................................................................... .. _> Frond s distroniatic.........................................................................- Fronds monoslromatic or distroniatic ............................................1 i 1. Base cushion-shaped, consisting of ))arenchvmatous cells...../'. mxicidum. Base discoid, consisting" of agglutinated, rhi/.oid-like cells................. ^ * Contributions from the Botanical Laboratories of" the University ot" California. No. i_>. { I- I I I I Vol. V. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1900. No. 4-5 PRELIMINARY NOTES ON WEST-COAST POR- PHYRAS.* H. T. A. HUS. Up to a few years ago our knowledge of the members of the genus Porphyra occurring on the West Coast of North America, was exceedingly meager. But few efforts had been made to dis- tinguish between the various species, the names P. vulgaris or P. laciniata, being applied to them all. J. G. Agardh ('82) reported P. perforata and P. coccinea (P. naiadum?) from the Pacific Coast. In 1891 Dr. Anderson added two new species, P. naiadum and P. Nereocystis, while Tilden ('98) credited four species of Porphyra to the Pacific Coast, viz., P. miniata, P. naiadum, P. leucosticta, and P. laciniata. Some of the species above mentioned, proved, on examination, to be identical with others, so that, up to 1899, there had been reported from the West Coast of North America but four species, viz., P. perforata, P. 7iaiadum, P. Nereocystis, and P. miniata. To this number we have added nine species or varieties, among which there are four new ones. This notice is intended merely as a preliminary, awaiting the publication of the author's carefully prepared notes and drawings. KEY. 1. Fronds monostromatic......................................................................2 Fronds distromatic.........................................................................7 Fronds monostromatic or distromatic .............................................n 2. Base cushion-shaped, consisting of parenchymatous cells.....P. naiadum. Base discoid, consisting of agglutinated, rhizoid-like cells.................3 ?Contributions from the Botanical Laboratories of the University of California. No. 12. 62 West-Coast Porphyras.. [zoe 3. 32 spores in each sporocarp..............................................................4 8 spores in each sporocarp.............................................................6 4. Fronds monoecious..........................................................................5 Fronds dioecious..........................................P. perforata f. lanceolata. 5. Fronds brown-purple, 45-150// thick ................................P. pcrforata. Fronds brown-purple, 60// thick, with thick partition walls.................. P. perforata f. segregata. Fronds red-purple, 25-60/./ thick, with thin partition walls................... P. Ncrcocystis. 6. Fronds monoecious........................................................P. Icucosticta. Fronds dioecious .........................................................P. laciniata. 7. Fronds monoecious........................................................................8 Fronds apparently dioecious.........................................................10 8. 16 antherozoids in each antheridium............................P. amplissiina. 8 antherozoids in each autheridium............................................... 9 9. Fronds 25// thick, except at base ..................................P. tenuissima. Fronds 30-75// thick...................................P. miniataf. cuneiformis. 10. Fronds 100-220//thick ....................................,..............P. variegata. Fronds 45-75// thick .................................................P. occidentalis. 11. Fronds 25//thick.........................................................P. abyssicola. Porphyra laciniata (Lightf.) Ag. Syst. Alg., p. 190, 1824. P. laciniata is distinguished from P. perforata and from P. leucosticta, with which it has frequently been confounded, by the thickness of the frond (30-45/;), by its dioecious (rarely monoe- cious) character, and by the number of reproductive bodies:— each sporocarp containing 8 (or 16) carpospores and each an- theridium containing 64 (or 128) antherozoids. Habitat. On rocks, or epiphytic on Fucus evanescens. Throughout the litoral and upper sublitoral zones. Distribution. What the author believes to be the P. lacin- iata of European authors, appears, as far as can be judged from collections examined, to be limited to the shores of Alaska (6i°-54° N. lat). Localities. Orca, Alaska, W. A. Setchell No. 5164!; Yakutat, Alaska, Rev. AI bin Johnson No. 14!; Uyak Bay, Kadiak Isl., Alaska, W. A. Setchell No.5099!; Amaknak Isl., Alaska, W. A. Setchell No. 3270! No. 3269! Porphyra laciniata f. umbltjcalis Ag., Icones Alg., Tab. 26, 1828. vol. 5J West-Coast Porphyras. Distribution. Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea, U. S. S. Albatross! (according to Setchell '99) (570 N. lat). Porphyra leucosticta Thur. in le Jolis, Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg, p. 100, 1863. P. leucosticta is distinguished from P. laciniata by its monce- cious character, and from P. perforata by the thickness of the frond (25-50/;.), by the peculiar arrangement of the autheridia which form small, narrow, yellowish patches along the dark cerise sporocarps, and further by the number of reproductive bodies:—each sporocarp containing 8 carpospores and each antheridium containing 64 antherozoids, usually arranged in the form of two hollow spheres. Habitat. On rocks and epiphytic on algae. I^ower litoral and sublitoral zones. March to May. Distribution. This species appears to be limited, on the Pa- cific Coast, to a single locality, Monterey Bay, Calif. (360 45' N. lat.). Localities. Pacific Grove, Calif.; M. A. Howe!; Mrs. J. M. Weeks!; W. A. Setchell No. 5161!; Santa Cruz, Calif., Mrs. J. M. Weeks! Porphyra perforata J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. VI, p. 69, 18S2. . The perforate condition of the fronds of this species does not appear to be characteristic. P. perforata appears to be the most common of all species of Porphyra of the Pacific Coast, and wherever it occurs is usually found in great profusion. P. perforata differs from P. laciniata by its monoecious char- acter and by the number of reproductive bodies:—each sporocarp containing 32 carpospores and each antheridium containing 128 antherozoids. Habitat. On rocks, wood, and barnacles. Epiphytic on Zostera, Phyllospadix, Nitophyllum, Fucus, and Gigartina. Throughout the litoral and in the upper part of the sublitoral zones. January to December. 64 West-Coast Porphyras. [zoe Distribution. This species appears to be confined to the Pacific Coast, where it occurs from Alaska to Southern California (6i°— 320 2o' N. lat.). Localities. Orca, Alaska, W. A. SetchelL No. 5159!; Glacier Bay, Alaska, de A. Saunders No. 100!; Baranof Isl., Alaska, de A. Sazinders No. 130!; Shumagin Isl., Alaska, de A. Saunders No.394.'; Chehalis Bay, Wash., Ralph Emerson, No. 1792!; Cres- cent City, del Norte Co., Calif., H. Hus!; Trinidad, Humboldt Co., Calif.; H. Hus!; Duxbury Reef, Marin Co., Calif., W. A, SetchellNo. 1055! H. Hus!; Farallone Isl., Calif., H Hus!; Land's End, San Francisco, Calif., W. A. Setchell No. 2034! H. Hus!; Monterey, Calif., W. A. Setchell! H. Hus!; San Simeon Bay, Calif., Dr. Palmer!; Port Harford, Calif., W. A. Setchell No. 1139!; Santa Barbara, Calif., Mrs. Cooper!; San Diego, Calif., Miss Reed! PORPHYRA PERFORATA F. SEGREGATA Setchell et Hus MS. Membranous, 2-20 cm. long, 1-8 cm. broad; oblong lanceolate with undulate margin, often much expanded and laciniate; base more or less umbilicate; attached by a disc; gray to brown-purple, becoming blue-purple on drying; monostromatic; vegetative part of frond 60/;- thick; cells square or slightly higher than broad; surface jelly thick, often forming one-half the thickness of the frond; monoecious; sporocarps and antheridia in irregular patches, radiating towards the margin of the frond; vegetative cells often mixed in with the sporocarps, never with the anther- idia; each sporocarp containing 32 carpospores, each antheridium containingi28 antherozoids; both carpospores and antherozoids divided into distinct groups by thick jelly-walls. This plant agrees in many respects with the species, but the smaller size of the fronds, their lesser thickness, the form of the base, and especially the greater thickness of the jelly-walls entitle it to a separate place. The great thickness of the jelly-walls may be seen advanta- geously in a surface view of the vegetative portion of the frond, but an best be seen in a cross section of the reproductive cells, being- especially noticeable in case of the antheridia. The wall laid down by the first reproductive division of the antheridium is very VOL. 5] West-Coast Porphyras. thick, and widely separates the antherozoids into an upper and a lower group. Distribution. From Washington southward to IyOwer Califor- nia (470 3o'-27° 8%' N. lat.). Localities. Shillshole Bay, Seattle, "Washington, Miss J. E. Tilde?i (as P. leucosticta)!; San Diego, Calif., Mrs. M. S. Sny- derJ'; San Roque, Mexico, G. Eisen!. PORPHYRA PERFORATA F. LANCEO^ATA Setchell et HuS MS. Membranous, 10-325 cm. long, 1-10 cm. broad; linear, with undulate margin; base cuneate to cordate, attached by a disc; steel-gray to gray or yellow-brown, becoming purple on drying; monostromatic; vegetative part of frond 75-150/;. thick; cells 1 z/z-\ times as high as broad; surface jelly very thick, forming f to ^2 the thickness of the frond; dioecious; each sporocarp con- taining 32 carpospores; each antheridium containing 128 anther- ozoids. Between this plant and the species there exist a number oi differences, chief among which is the fact that the variety is dioecious, or, in case of forked fronds, sometimes subdicecious. Habitat. P. pcrforata f. lanceolata usually grows on rocks in the highest part of the litoral zone, January to December. Distribution. From San Francisco southward to Monterey Bay (370 47'-36o 45' N. lat.). Localities. Land's Knd, San Francisco, Calif.; W. A. Setchell! H. Husf; Carmel Bay, Monterey Co., Calif., W. A. Setchell! R. E. Gibbs! Porphyra Nereocystis And. Zoe, Vol. II, p. 221, 1891 (name only), ZoE, Vol. Ill, p. 149, 1892 (descr.). There exists little doubt in the writer's mind but that this species is identical with Pyropia Califoi'7iica of J. G. Agardh ('99). It may be distinguished from P. perforata and P. perforata f. segregata by the red-purple color of the frond, by its greater size and by the arrangement of the autheridia in large, sharply- defined spots. The number of carpospores and antherozoids, and their arrangement is identical with that of the above-named species. 66 West- Coast Po rphyras. [zoe Habitat. P. Nereocystis is found attached to the stipes of Nereocystis Liitkeana in 3-5 fathoms of water. Distribution. From Alaska southward to Middle California (57° 3o'-36° 45' N. lat.). Localities. St. Paul, Kadiak Isl., Alaska, IV. A. Setckell and A. A. Lawson! ATo. 5149; Coupeville, Washington, N. L. Gard- ner!; Bolinas Bay, Marin Co., Calif., IV.-A. Setchell! ATo. 1275; Monterey Bay, Calif., IV. A. Setchell! No. 3063a; C. L. Ander- son! PORPHYRA NAIADUM And. ZOB, Vol. Ill, p. 148, 1S92. This plant may readily be distinguished from all other species of Porphyra by its base. While the structure of the base of all Pacific Coast species examined, agrees with that so admirably described by Bornet and Thuret ('78) for P. laciniata, the base of P. naiadiim possesses a structure altogether different. P. naiadum is found growing on eel-grass, either on Phyllospa- dix in exposed places in the sublitoral zone or on Zostera, shel- tered, in lagoons. When, during the winter months, we examine the blades of Phyllospadix, we find here and there, small, reddish- brown, cushion-shaped growths, which to the superficial gaze appear like colonies of diatoms. Continued observation shows a gradual increase in the number of wartlike, more or less flattened structures. Finally they cover the blades of eel-grass in such large numbers that they grow next to and over each other, and lose their natural hemispherical shape, obscuring the normal color of the eel-grass, and giving a rough appearance to the blade. As the season advances, examination with a lens shows a greater or smaller number of short, blunt protuberances issuing from the wartlike growths. Under the microscope they appear to be composed of a number of cells placed end to end. Further observation demonstrates the fact that these cells, by division in two planes, give rise to a mouostromatic frond. From this it is but a step to establish a genetic connection between these hemi- spherical structures and the fully grown fronds of P. naiadiim. The base itself is composed of a few layers of parenchymatous cells, the upper layer of which gives rise to the fronds, while the VOL. 5] West-Coast Porphyras. 67 cells of the layer adjacent to the surface of the blade of the host- plant produce rhizoid-like projections which enter, to a very slight extent, the cuticula of the host-plant. This parenchymatous base enables us to distinguish easily between this species and P. abyssicola, though there also exists a difference in the reproductive bodies, P. naiadum being apparently dioecious, each sporocarp containing 8 carpospores. Habitat. P. naiadum occurs exclusively on Phyllospadix and Zoster a. In sheltered places we find it all through the winter,, but where the eel-grass is exposed to the violence of the waves the Porphyra disappears about August, to reappear in the prothalloid form in the latter part of January. Distribution. This plant appears to be limited to the Pacific Coast, occurring from Washington to Southern California (480 io'-32° 20' N. lat). Localities. Coupeville, Washington, N. L. Gardner!; Ballard Beach, Seattle, Washington, Miss J. E. Tilden!; Cresent City, Del Norte Co., Calif., H. HusJ; Fort Ross, Sonoma Co., Calif., IV. A. Setchell No. 17S9!; Duxbury Reef, Marin Co., Calif., IV. A. Setchell No. 1037! H. Hits!; Farallone Isl., Calif., T. W. Blankinship; Land's Knd, San Francisco, Calif., W. A. Setchell! H. Hits!; Monterey, Calif., W. A. Setchell! C. P. Nott! R. E. Gibbs! H Hits/; Santa Cruz, Calif., C. L. Anderson!; San Pedro, Calif., A. J. McClatchie; San Diego, Calif., Miss Reed No. 10/! Porphyra amplissima (Kjellm.). Setchell et Hus MS. Diploderma amplissimiim (Kjellm.). The Algae of the Arctic Sea, p. 188, 1883. This species can be distinguished from other distromatic species by the number of reproductive bodies, each sporocarp containing 4-8 carpospores, each antheridiutn containing 16 antherozoids. Habitat. On rocks in the sublitoral zone. Also found float- ing. Distribution. From Alaska southward to Washington (6o°- 480 16' N. lat.). Localities. Orca, Alaska, W. A. Setchell and A. A. Lawson 68 West-Coast Porphyras. [zoe No. 51651; de A. Satmders No. 259a!; Unga, Alaska, W. A. Setchell and A. A. Lawson No. 504.J!; Amaknak Isl., Alaska; W. A. Setchell No. 3268!; Coupeville, Washington, N. L. Gard- ner' No. 47/ PORPHYRA MINIATA F. CUNEIFORMIS Setchell et HUS MS. Fronds membranous, 15-50 cm. long, 4-15 cm. broad, lanceo- late with undulate, crenulate margins; red-purple; base strongly cuneate, attached by a disc; fronds distromatic, often monostro- matic near the edges in the vegetative part; 30-7 5/x thick; cells square or twice as long as broad; surface jelly 10-12.5/;. thick; fronds monoecious, antheridia and sporocarps intermixed in mar- ginal zone, gradually spreading over the whole frond:—each sporocarp containing 4 carpospores and each antheridium con- sisting of 8 antherozoids. Habitat. Found floating. DistribiUion. From Alaska southward to Middle California (6o°-36° 45' N. lat.). Localities. Gulf of Alaska, de A. Saimders ATo. 20!; Coupe- ville, Washington, N. L. Gardner!; Monterey Bay, Calif., Mrs. f.M. Weeks/ Porphyra tenuissima (Stromf.) Setchell et Hus MS. Diplodei'ma tenuissimum. (Stromf.) Bot. Centrallblatt, Vol. 26, P- 73- . This species may be readily distinguished from other distro- matic species by its great thinness, which varies between 25-30// in the upper part of the frond, while at the base the thickness is constantly 75.". Each sporocarp contains 4 carpospores and each antheridium S antherozoids. Habitat. Kpiphytic on algse; also on rocks (?). Distribution. As 3'et known on the West Coast of North America only from Alaska (57° N. lat.). Locality. Sitka, Alaska, de A. Saunders No. 148a! Porphyra abyssicola Kjellm. Algae of the Arctic Sea, p. 191, 1883. P. abyssicola may be distinguished from P. tenuissima by the vol. 5] West-Coast Porphyras. 69 constant thickness of the frond 25/*, which in the latter species, in the region of the base, becomes 75//. The species is distin- guished from P. naiadum chiefly hy its base, the latter bein? dis- coid and composed of agglutinated, rhizoid-like cells, and also by the reproductive bodies. P. abyssicola is monoecious (rarely dice- cious):—each sporocarp containing 2-4 carpospores and each antheridiuin containing 8 antherozoids. Habitat. On Zoster a. Distribution. As yet known on the Pacific Coast from but a single locality (48° 10' N. lat.). Locality. Whidby Isl., Washington, N. L. Gardner, No. 273! Porphyra variegata Kjellni. in litt. Diploderma variegahim Kjellm., Om Beringhafvets Algfiora, . p. 33, 1889. This species is readily distinguished from all other distromatic species of Porphyra by its great thickness (100-220//), by the great thickness of the jelly-walls, especially those of the vegeta- tive cells which are found between the sporocarps, and by the variegated appearance of the fertile frond, from which the species probably derives its name. The plant is apparently dioecious. Bach sporocarp contains 32 carpospores. Habitat. On rocks. Distrifadioji. From Bering Island, Siberia, to Middle Califor- nia (55°-36° 45' N. lat.). Localities. Bering Isl., Kjellman; Coupeville, Washington, N. L. Gardner!; Monterey Bay, California, C. L. Anderson! C. P. Nott! Mrs. J. M. Weeks! Porphyra occidentaus Setchell et Hus MS. Fronds membranous, 15-30 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm. broad, linear zvith slightly cre?iulate margin and a cuneate to orbicular base, sessile on small disc; dull red; distro?natic, vegetative part of fro?id 45-75!>¦ thick, cells square or 1.5-2 times as broad as high, 12-15/./. high, 12-30//. broad, surface jelly 10-15// thick; apparently dioecious, antheridia forming a yellowish margin, measuring 65- 75// in cross-section; 64 antherosoids in four tiers of 16 antherozoids in each antheridium. West-Coast Porphyras. [zoe Habitat. On rocks. Distribution. As yet reported from but a single locality on he Pacific Coast (360 45' N. lat.). Locality. Carmel Bay, Monterey Co., Calif., Mrs. J. M. Weeks! University of California, Berkeley, CaL, September 26, 1900. UST OF WORKS REFERRED TO. Agardh, C. A. 1824. Systema Algarum. (Lund.) 1S28. Icones Algarum Europaearum. (Leipsic.) Agardh, J. G. 1S82. Till Algernes Systematik Afd. 3, VI, Ulvaceae. (Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, Tom. XIX.) 1899. Analecta algologica, V. (Lund.) Anderson, C. L. 1891. Zoi-, Vol. II. 1892. Zoe, Vol. III. Bornet and Thuret. 1878. Notes Pbycologiques. (Paris.) Kjellman, F. R. .1883. The Algae of the Arctic Sea. (Kongliga vSvenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 20, No. 5.) 18S9. Om Beringhafvets Algflora. (Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 23, No. 8.) Setchell, W. A. 1899. Algae of the Pribilof Islands. (The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, Part III, p. 589.) Stromfelt, H. F. G. 1SS6. Fyiuige fur die Wissenschaft neue Meeresalgen Aus Island. Botanisches Centralblatt, Band 26, p. 172. Tilden,J.E. 1898. American Alga;. Cent. III. No. 228-231. Thuret, G. 1S63. In: Le-Jolis, Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg, p. 100. CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BOTANY. I. S. B. PARISH. Eouisetum Mexicanum Milde, Verhaudl. 1882, i256(?). The Southern California plant which recently has been referred here does not agree altogether satisfactorily with Milde's description. His species was founded on specimens collected by Muller in Orizaba, in 1855, and is perhaps of doubtful validity, having been included, with several other of Milde's species, in E. giganteum L,. by Baker in the Handbook of Fern-Allies. San Bernardino specimens were placed in E. variegatum Schleich, b3r Underwood in Coville, Death Valley Report, 226, and the plant has been dis- tributed by myself and others as E. Icevigatum A. Br. Whatever ma}' be its proper name the plant is abundant in the intramontaue region, ascending at least to 1,500 ft. alt., and reaching Santa Catalina Island.* In the desert region it has been collected at Palm Springs in the Colorado Desert, and on the Mojave River at Camp Cady. It is found in wet or drier sand, and usually in shaded situations, and is evergreen under suitable conditions, but in drier soil it vegetates in spring and early summer. Fruit in June-July. Selagineixa Watsoni Underw. Bull. Torr. Club, 25.127. Summit of San Jacinto Mt., Clinton S. Kimball. High divide west of Bear Valley, alt. 7,500 ft., San Bernardino Mts., June, 1886, 1776 Parish. Sphaeralcea Fendleri Californica. About 1 m. high ; stems glabrate below; leaves oblong, 2-3 cm. long, more or less distinctly subhastately lobed, unevenly and obtusely toothed; flowers salmon-red; carpels 5 mm. long, indistinctly apiculate, the lower half strongly reticulate; seed nearly circular, 2 mm. in diameter, hirsute. Near Colton, a single plant, May, 1894, 2,846 Parish. Camp- bell-Johnson Ranch, Garvanza, also a single plant, L. A. Greata, * McClatchie, Eryth. 2, 122. J2 Southern California Botany. [zoe Nov., 1899. A specimen not yet in flower, and with leaves 4-7 cm. long, collected by McClatchie at San Pedro, May, 1896, probably belongs here. Echinocactus cyundraceus Engelm. Pro. Am. Acad. 3.275. E. Wislizeni Engelm. in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1.246, not Wisliz. Rep. 97. E. Wislizeni Leco?itei Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3.363, as to Californian plants, not Engelm. in Rothr. Wheeler's Rep. 6.128. Coville, Death Val. Rep. no. The "barrel" or "nail-keg cactus" of the Californian deserts is usually referred to the variety of E. Wislizeni, while E. cylin- draceus has been more readily supplied by cactus-collectors than recognized by botanists. The type of the latter was collected in "rocky ravines, near San Felipe, on the eastern slope of the Cali- fornia Mountains, by Dr. Parry."* It was originally described as multicipital, but it was afterwards explained that such growths were due probably to accidental injuries by fire to the original stem.f It is now kept apart by certain differences in the radial spines. These in E. cylindraceus are said to number 15-17, all stout, the lower shorter and much hooked; while in E. Wislizeni Leconti there are 6-10 stout, and 12-20 slender and flexuous ones.+ But too much stress has been placed on the number of ribs, and the number, size, degree of curvature and color of the spines. These characters are of value if taken broadly, but if insisted upon too closely one might easily select a half-dozen species from the plants growing on a single hillside. Yet one can not be familiar with the various forms which they assume without being convinced that all should be included in a single species. A further distinction between the two species is found in the season of flowering. E. Wislizeni flowers through the entire season, and the type, which was collected at Dona Ana on the Rio Grande River in August, showed buds, open flowers, young and ripe fruit on the same specimen.§ Our Californian plants * Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 25. t Engelm. 1. c. t Coulter, 1. c. i Engelm. Wisliz, Rep. 97. vol. 5] Southern California Botany. 73 are strictly spring flowering, ripening their fruit by early summer. Our species is the most abundant Echinocactus of the desert region, occurring on hillsides or gravelly plains at 500-3,500 ft. alt., always present in suitable situations, often in great numbers. Usually columnar, with,an extreme height of 8-9 ft., often, always when young, globose, or even clavate, rarely polycephalous from the base, or even near the summit; ribs indefinitely numerous; central spines 4, varying in width and absolute and relative length, curved or somewhat hooked, or twisted and interlocked, red, less frequently yellow, or even white; radial spines numer- ous, slender, more or less flexuous, mostly light-colored; flowers yellow; fruit dry. Opuntia Parryi Engelm. Am. Jour. Sci. Ser. 2, 14,339. This species was founded on a plant observed on the "eastern slope of the mountains near San Felipe" by Dr. Parry, and the brief description was taken from his notes.* Dr. Engelmann probably never saw the specimens, which, if any there were, must have been among those unfortunately lost on the Isthmus of Panama.f There are none in the Engelmann Herbarium.% Some uncertainty exists as to the identity of Parry's plant with one subsequently collected by Bigelow "on gravelly plains 30 miles west of the Colorado, near the Mojave River," § but as this was described more fully and figured, and as Bigelow's specimen is still preserved, it may well be considered as typical of the species. Mr. A. H. Alverson collected in 1895 at McHaney's Mine, in the Colorado Desert, and has since had in cultivation, a plant which perfectly agrees with the description and figures cited, and which has the habit of growth in prostrate mats shown by an engraving in the North American Fauna. || Garrya Veatchii Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5.40. Shrub 2-3 m. high; leaves elliptical, or the smaller lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, the edges revolute, glabrous above, and beneath clothed * Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 53. t Parry, Pro. Davenp. Acad. 2.280. 1 Coulter, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3.441. g Engelm. & Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 4S, t. 22, f. 4-7. I Merriam, N. Am. Fauna 7. 347, f. 10. 74 Southern California Botany. [zoe with a close patinose tomentum; aments 3-4 in a cluster, declined, 2-4 cm. long; bracts scarious, connate nearly to the strongly mucronate tips, silk}^; immature fruit densely white hairy, becom- ing less densely hairy at maturity. In dry canons on the intramontane slope of the San Antonio Mts. from San Gabriel* to Lytle Creek and Cajon Pass, at 1,500- 3,500 ft. alt. Probably also includes a shrub of the desert slope of the San Bernardino Range; Rock Creek, Davidson; Canon of the Mojave. This differs from the above in the pubesence of the under surface of the leaves, which is of short, straight hairs, becoming glabrate in age. Arbutus Menziesii Pursh; Hook. Fl. 2. 36. This species, heretofore known in Southern California only by a small group on Mt. Wilson, has been discovered in the present year in Las Tunas Canon, near Santa Monica, by Dr. Hasse. There are but a few specimens, which are reduced to shrubs not exceeding 10 ft. in height. Phlox Douglasii Hook. Fl. 2. 73, t. 158. Summit of Swarthout Canon, 6,800 ft. alt., in the San Antonio Mountains, 1529 H. M. Hall, June, 1900. "Flowers white to clear blue, fragrant." The specimen ap- proaches very closely the var. diffusa Gray, Pro. Am. Acad. 8,254. Gilia (Eugilia) leptantha. Annual; stems slender, much branched, 25-30 cm. high, below loosely woolly, becoming glab- rous above, beset with numerous tack-shaped glands; leaves mostly basal, 2-3 cm. long, the thick midrib having a very narrow marginal blade with several linear, cuspidate, alternate tooth-like lobes, the rameal leaves reduced to minute subulate bracts; panicle diffuse; pedicels shorter than the calyx, or rarely much longer; calyx 3 mm. long, scarious, the green midribs prolonged as short, subulate, divergent teeth; corolla 10-12 mm. long, purple, the slender tube moderately dilated at the yellow throat; filaments at the sinuses of the corolla, and surpassing its * Davidson, PI. Los. Ang. Co. 11. vol. 5] Southern California Botany. 75 oblong lobes; capsule ovoid, shorter than the calyx-teeth; seeds white, 2 mm. long, minutely roughened. Collected at Seven Oaks, 5,000 ft. alt., in the San Bernardino Mountains, June, 1900, by Mr. and Mrs. Grout. Near G. latiflora, Gray, from which it is well distinguished by its much longer filiform tube. Gauum multiflorum parvifolium. Leaves approximate, thick, 4-6 mm. long, lateral nerves, and sometimes the midvein obsolete; fruit less densely hirsute than in the species. On dry slopes in the San Antonio and San Bernardino Mts. at 6,500-9,000 ft. alt. Bear Valley, June, 1886, 1829 Parish. Summit San Antonio Mts., McClatchie, Aug., 1893. Eupatorium Pasadenense. Of the Eximbricata section; stems slender and apparently herbaceous, glandular-puberulent; upper leaves opposite, short petioled, ovate-deltoid, acute, and at base cordate, serrate, thin, minutely atomiferous beneath; cymes rather compact, on dichotomous peduncles longer than the leaves, pedicels 1 cm. long, with 2-3 linear bracts; heads 2p-30-fiowered; involucral bracts lanceolate, firm, 4 mm. long, prominently 2-ribbed, the acute tips softer; corolla 4-5 mm. long, glabrous, white, the filiform tube twice the length of the abruptly expanded throat; pappus scabrous, equaling the corolla, very promptly deciduous; achenes smooth, 5-angled, slightly arcuate, 1.5 mm. long; receptacle a little rounded. Wet bank of a pool in a canon south of Pasadena, April 20, 1896, 1128 A. J. McClatchie. Nearest E. occidentale Hook., but abundantly distinct in pubes- cence, character of the involucral scales and shape of the corolla. Bidens speciosa. B. Nashii Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club, 26. 421, as to the Californian plants only. Aquatic, perennial by stolons, glabrous throughout; stems erect or assurgent, stout, with an extreme height of 2.5 m., branched at every node, the lowest branches becoming stolons, the upper short, erect, their ultimate branchlets 1-3-flowered; leaves lanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, exeeding the internodes, conspicuously toothed, narrowed to the connate base; heads on peduncles 4-8 cm. long, erect, nodding y6 Rediscovery of Thermopsis Macrophylla. [zoe in fruit; outer involucral bracts 4-8, foliaceous, linear-oblong, serrate, equal, mostly twice longer than the head, reflexed; inner bracts 8, membranous, yellowish, acutely oval, equaling the disc; rays 8, gold en-yellow, obovate-oblong, 2x1 cm., the tips entire or obscurely toothed; ovaries oblong, truncate, the edges retrorsly hispid; disc 2 cm. broad, 1 cm. high; its corollas light yellow, 6 mm. long, campanulate, the lower half abruptly con- tracted into a columnar base, 5-toothed; chaff linear-acute, as long as the florets, yellow-tipped; mature achenes black, flat, 5 mm. long, cuneate, very slightly constricted at the summit; awns 2, white, 3 mm. long, or with a third awn half as long, and the achene then ribbed on the awned face, awns and edges of the achenes retrorsly barbed with rigid prickles. A handsome autumnal-flowering plant, common in shallow streams in the San Bernardino Valley, at about 1,000 ft. alt.; no doubt extending throughout the entire intramontane region of Southern California, and probably of much wider range. From B. chrysanthemoides Michx. and B. Nashii Wiegand it differs by its perennial duration, conspicuously-toothed leaves, constantly foliaceous outer involucres, and cernuous fruiting heads. All the achenes in a head are usually 2-awned, and in the large number examined no heads were found in which there were not more 2-awned than 3-awned achenes; nor were any 4-awned achenes found, yet such may occur. REDISCOVERY OF THERMOPSIS MACROPHYLLA H. & A. BY ALICE EASTWOOD. This species was originally collected by Douglas, probably near Montere}'. Not since his time has it been found, unless a plant collected by Mr. Joseph Clark in Mendocino County in 1876, now in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, should prove to be the same. Recently this species has been rediscovered by the Honorable vol. 5] Rediscovery of Thermopsis Macrophylla. Horace Davis, near his country place in the Santa Cruz Moun- tains, about four miles from Glenwood. This is a region where the canons are filled with redwoods and their ever-accompanying vegetation; the hills are covered with chaparral; while here and there appear stretches of sand, white like that on the shores of the ocean. These sandy outcroppings are the remains of an old sea beach and tell some of the geological history of the country in bygone ages. On one of these old beaches, in the dry sand and far from springs or running water, this Thermopsis lifts its erect stems to a height of three or four feet, somewhat surpassing the surround- ing vegetation. It agrees with the description of the type as given in the foot-note below. Not far away, the remains of an old Indian trail can be dis- tinctly seen, in some places almost as wide as a road. This trail is said to have extended from Santa Cruz to Santa Clara and connected the two missions, though tradition claims that it was traveled before the missions existed. It is not likely that the early botanical explorers made their way through the almost impenetrable brush or indeed went out of the beaten paths to any extent. So long as there were trails they would keep to them, when they made distant journeys. If we could discover these old trails, from one settlement to another, we would doubtless find all the rare and doubtful species which were collected by Douglas and others, the habitats of which are now unknown. It is not unlikely that this region may be the very place where Douglas collected T. macrophylla. It differs from T. Californica Watson in the following points. T. Californica grows in wet, springy places, with stems generally decumbent; leaflets obovate, minutely mucroiiate at the obtuse apex, 1-2 inches long, silky tomentose on both surfaces; stipules " Thermopsis macrophylla; caule angulata, petiolis calycibus ovariisque hirsutissimus, foliis trifoliatis, foliolis ohovato-ellipticis utrinque acutis supra glabris subtus pubescentibus, stipu- lis maxitnis (biuncialibus) ovatis acutis. "Leaflets 4 inches long. Calyx angled, deeply 2-lipped; upper lip ovate, bidentate, lower 3-partite, the segments lanceolate-subulate. Stamens 10, free. Ovary linear, densely sericeo- villousron a short glabrous stipes. A very fine and distinct species, with apparently white, but probably, when recent, yellowish flowers. Leaves much longer than in any hitherto known species." (Hooker & Arnott.) Bot. Beech. 329. yS A New Tapirira from Baja California, [zoe lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, generally longer than the petioles; calyx with the upper lip_ truncately notched and the other teeth deltoid, acute or obtuse, shorter than the tube; bracts ovate- acuminate, surpassing the pedicels. T. macrophylla grows in dry sand and has erect stems. The leaflets are thick, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, acute at each end, 3 or 4 inches long, 1-3 inches broad, almost smooth on the upper surface, tomentose on the lower; stipules unequal-sided, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, almost twice as long as the petioles; calyx angled, the upper lip barely toothed, the others lanceolate- acuminate, as long as the tube; pods immature, erect or falcate; bracts ovate, attenuate to a slender acumination. The plant from Mendocino County, spoken of above, has much longer leaves, proportionally narrower; stipules broader and shorter. The calyx is not angled and the teeth are shorter. The bracts are less attenuate. When this is better known it may prove to be a distinct species, or all these Californian forms may be considered only geographical varieties of a polymorphous species. They must be studied in the field or, better still, culti- vated in separate patches in the same garden before their status can be finally settled. A NEW TAPIRIRA FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. i'V- ¦ !- - ; " T- S. BRANDEGEE. Tapirira edulis. A tree 5-7 m. high with spreading branches and a trunk Y m. in diameter, bark smooth and gray; leaves 8-10 cm. long, odd-pinnate and like the young branches pubescent; leaflets usually 4 pairs, sessile, 1-2^ cm. long, 1—1% cm. wide, elliptical, apiculate; flowers dioecious, appearing with the young leaves, petals and sepals imbricated in the bud: male panicles 2-3 cm. long, bracteolate, 10-20 flowered, the female much smaller, 2-4-flowered; petals 5, oblong, 2 mm. long, pointed, IL vol. 5] A New Tapirira from Baja California. 79 ochroleucous; sepals 5, lobes 1 mm. long, pubescent, the female flower slightly larger than the male; ovary of the male flower immersed in the disk, styles 5, minute, stamens 10 inserted at the edge of the disk, filiform, anthers globose; ovary of the female flower encircled b}r the 10-lobed cupulate disk, pubescent, stamens more slender and anthers smaller than those of the male flower, styles 5, conical, 2 mm. long; fruit oblique ovoid, 2j^ cm. long, slightly pubescent, smooth excepting five pointed projections from which the styles have fallen, light yellow when mature. In the Flora of the Cape Region,* this tree is mentioned as Cyrtocarpa procera, with which it was indentified owing to the lack of flowering specimens. A careful study of material since collected shows that it is nearest the genus Tapirira as elaborated by Engler f and although a few slight divergences are found they are not of generic value. It certainly does not belong to Cyrto- carpa which was reduced to Tapirira in Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantarum. The ovary is five celled and by abortion becomes one seeded; of the aborted cells one is much the largest and its ovule is evident. The ovule is suspended from the vertex of the cell and by lengthening of the funicle the seed finally becomes inverted. The radicle is accumbent as in Engler's Series of the Spondiea: Curvembryecz. Shortly after flowering the styles appear as if in a circle about the top of the forming fruit, but soon apparently the one belonging to the maturing seed becomes larger and its conical projection grows rapidly, thus making the fruit oblique. My specimens seem to show that the species is completely dioecious, but a careful examination in the field may prove it, like some other so called dioecious plants, to- be somewhat polygamous. The trees in general appearance very ' much resemble Veatchia. It is called by the inhabitants of the Cape Region of Lower California, its habitat, "ciruela," a. Spanish word for plum, and a name also given to the cultivated species of Spondias. The flowers appear in April and May, and the fruit is ripe in August and September, when its pleasing, slightly acid flavor causes it to be much sought. * Proc. Cal. Acad., Ser. 2, III, io3. t Suites au Prodromus, IV, 276. . NEW SPECIES OF CALIFORNIA PLANTS. AUCE EASTWOOD. Salix Covillei. 1-2 meters in height, older stems chestnut brown, younger ones clothed with a glaucous bloom which persists at least through the second season. Leaves on flowering branches without stipules, oblong to oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide; petioles 2-3 mm. long; upper surface at first silky pubescent, later becoming almost glabrous; lower surface white, with short, silvery, silky*haiis, densely appressed; apex and base acute; margins revolute at base, otherwise entire. Aments appearing before the|leaves, sessile, scattered. Staminate aments ovate elliptical, short and broad, little more than 1 cm. long, and about 8 mm. broad, white, with the long silky hairs clothing the scales; these, broadly elliptical, acute at apex, dark brown, nearly 2 mm. long and about half as wide, clothed on both sides with fine white silky hairs, twice as long as the scale. Stamens two to each scale, filaments separate, about equaling the scales, inclined to be unequal; anthers with 4 cells; nectary % the length of the scale. Pistillate aments oblong, slightly broader at base, 2-2.5 cm. long, almost 1 cm. broad; scales rounded at summit, broadening to the base, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, almost concealed by the dense covering of white hairs. Capsules ovate, sessile, sericeous, with short, white, appressed pubescence. Style slender, 1 mm. long, branches divided to the junction with the st}de, rather slender. This was collected on Bubbs Creek, the south fork of Kings River, in Fresno County, California, July 10, 1899. It grew near the foot-bridge, along the edge of the creek. The pistillate aments were discharging their seed. The description of the staminate was drawn from some aments which had apparently been frozen before being fully developed, and so had persisted. It seems to be identical with a specimen collected by Coville and Funston on the Death Valley Expedition (no. 1427). This was collected August 2, 1891, and is, of course, without flowers or fruit. It was identified with S. macrocarpa argentea Bebb * on * Contr. U. S. Natural Herb. IV. 199. vol. 5] New Species of California Plants. 81 account of the resemblance of the pubescence; but it is so unlike that species that it would be a waste of time to enumerate the differences. The differences in the appearance of the catkins, one peduncled and subtended with leaves, the others sessile, with no leaves at the base, mark the two as quite distinct. It comes nearer to 5". bella Piper, recently described in Torr. Bull. XXVII, 399; but this is without the glaucous bloom on the twigs, has different leaves, pedicellate capsules, and shorter filaments to the stamens. The leaves must be different or the specimens collected by Coville and Funston would not have been referred to 5". subccerulea Piper, by the author of that species, in the same publication. It is named in honor of F. V. Coville, who is probably the first collector of the species. Chrysopsis camphorata. Stems many from a perennial, woody root, ascending 1-3 feet high, scabrous, sparingly pilose, densely glandular throughout, with sessile and short-stipitate glands, varying in size. L,eaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, 1-3 cm. long, sharply acuminate, the base either cordately or auricu- lately clasping, midrib broad, apparently double: bud leaves form- ing fascicles in all the lower axils. Inflorescence open, cymose- paniculate, with short branches spreading almost horizontally, naked at the lower end, and with a few small leaves close to the head, these sessile by a truncate base, and with some long hairs on the lower margin; heads radiate, 1-3 terminating the short branchlets, about 8 mm. high. Bracts of the involucre imbri- cated in 3 or 4 series, linear-attenuate, with ciliate margins, membranous on each side of the glandular midrib, which is cari- nate on the longer bracts; lower bracts 3 mm. long; inner 9 mm., both about 3 mm. broad at base. Rays 9, yellow, oblong- elliptical, 6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 2-3-toothed at apex, spar- ingly glandular on the margin, and with a few glandular teeth on the lower surface near the base, upper surface furrowed. Inner pappus capillary, tawny, equaling the tube of the corolla; outer paleaceous, glabrous, about 1 mm. long. Corolla of disk flowers yellow, glabrous, with the 5 short, deltoid lobes sur- passed by the stamens and stigmas, the latter hispid, 2 mm. 82 N~ew Species of California Plants. [zoe long. Akenes hoary, with appressed white hairs, linear-oblong, 3 mm. long, less than 3 mm. broad. This is known as '' camphor weed '' from the strong odor of camphor which pervades the entire plant. It has the general appearance of C. rudis Greene, but the distinctly double pappus and noticeable rays preclude it from the Section Ammodia to which C. rtidis belongs. It belongs to the Section Euchrysopsis, according to Gray's classification in the S}rnoptical Flora, and comes nearest to C. echioides Benth. From this it differs in pubescence, inflorescence, smaller heads, and fewer rays. As I have not seen a specimen of the type of C. echioides, my judgment is based on the description in Botany of the Sulphur, p. 25. The type locality of C. echioides is Bodegas, or, as it is now known, Bodega Bay. This species was discovered by the Hon. Horace Davis, near his country-place in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near Glenwood. It grows on the old sea beaches, peculiar to these upland hills, and blooms in July and August. It would be interesting to investigate the properties of this plant. The oil which it con- tains might be of use in the arts or medicinally. Helianthella Cannonas. Stems several from a slender, woody, horizontal rootstock, erect, simple, monocephalous, about 3 dm. high, ribbed, canescent, with spreading, soft, jointed bristles. Radical leaves oblong, lanceolate, or spatulate, 6-12 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, tapering at base and decurrent on the broad, nerved petiole which is almost as long as the blade; apex obtuse, generally mucrouate; texture thick, scabrous, with short pubes- cence and longer scattered, jointed appressed hairs; margin ciliate with bristle-like hairs; tnidvein broad, light green conspicuously striate; cauline leaves 2 or 3 and alternate or, rarely, 2 or 3 pairs and opposite, similar to the radical leaves but smaller, 1-2 dm. distant from the broad head, which is 8 cm. in diameter exclusive of the outer foliaceous bracts. Bracts of the involucre in 3 or 4 series; inner ones lanceolate, acuminate, striate, densely white ciliate on the margins near the base, outer surface more or less scabrous pubescent and hirsute; inner surface rugose and sca- brous; outer bracts similar to the leaves, from 2-12 cm. long, 4-20 vol. 5] New Species of California Plants. 83 mm. wide, variable and passing to the form of the innermost by gradations. Rays sterile, conspicuous, 2-3 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, obtuse or emarginate. Chaff of the receptacle boat-shaped, striate, hairy near the apex, 5-7 mm. long; receptacle flat, pitted with triangular or quadrangular, shallow depressions: tube of the corolla dilated above the insertion of the stamens, gla- brous; divisions 5 acute, thick, hairy; akenes cuneate, sometimes ciliate near the apex of the narrow wing, with pappus of 2 or 3 glabrous or hispid awns which are generally deciduous on the ripe akenes. Seed dark brown, somewhat glossy, glabrous except for a few occasional hairs, tumid, cuneate, emarginate, 9-11 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide. This showy Helianthella is found on the hills of San Fran- cisco. It was first collected by Miss Evelina Cannon, on Bay View Hills, May, 1892; later it was collected by the author on the Presidio Hills and Bay View Hills. It is most abundant at the last-named locality. Indeed, recent search has failed to rediscover it at the former locality, and it may now be extinct there. Changes are being continually made incident to the growth of the city and improvement of the Presidio as a military station. • It is probably the Helianthella collected by Frank H. Vaslit on hills east of Ocean View, which was identified with H. Cal- ifornica Gray (Zoe 11, 75). No specimen of this is in the herbarium of the Academy, and it was probably not preserved. Any one who has seen the two species could not fail to recognize their separate identity. H. Cannoiia; differs from H. Californica in habit, foliage, akenes, and pappus, but especially in the large showy heads, framed by the long leaf-like bracts. It is named in honor of Miss Cannon, who first collected it and who has done much to increase our knowledge of the plants of San Francisco Peninsula. Sphacele gracilis. Shrubby at base with spreading branches 3-6 dm. high; old stems with light brown, shredd}' bark; young stems reddish, slender, becoming filiform at the upper extremity, quadrangular and striate; entire plant except corolla clothed with very fine, white pubescence and sessile, 84 New Species of California Plants. [zoe yellow glands. Xeaves oblong, obtuse, dentate, crenate or sinuate, with the veins conspicuous on the lower surface but not bullate, pale green, somewhat scabrous, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2^ cm. wide, tapering at base and decurrent on the short petioles which are about 1 cm. long. Racemes 6-20 cm. long with internodes 1-4 cm., verticels 2-flowered, pedicels filiform, i-ij^ cm. long, bracts ovate, sessile, acute, a little shorter than the pedicels. Calyx campanulate, thin and veiny, with the base acuminate in flower, rounded when in fruit and becoming broad, 1^-2^ cm. long; divisions deltoid, acuminate to a slender point, yi as long as the entire calyx. Corolla white, tinged with rose- color, 3 cm. long, with the lower lobe extending 1 cm. beyond the throat. Stigma exserted, pink. Nutlets dark brown, white pubescent, several sided with rounded angles, 3 mm. in diameter. This seems to be local in the Santa Lucia Mountains, having been found in one locality only, namely, on the hill separating King City from Jolon, near Mansfield's ranch. It is readily dis- tinguished from the variable 6". Calyci?ia by the slender, graceful habit, lack of tomentum, pinkish flowers, peculiar calyx and seeds. The specimens from which the description was drawn were collected by the author in both flower and fruit, June 7, 1893. It grows in the same locality as the equally local Malvastrtim involucratum Robinson. Mimulus modestus. Hispid and somewhat glandular, dwarf, 2-4 cm. high, simple or more frequently branched from the base; the stems rather thick and leafy with the internodes shorter than che calyces. Leaves with broad, clasping petioles, half as long as the blades; the latter 7-15 mm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, spatulate, to oblong-spatulate, or frequently nearly orbicu- lar, obtuse at apex, entire or serrate with blunt teeth, strongly 3-nerved or rarely 4-nerved from the base, glabrous and purplish on the lower surface, hispid on the upper, rather thick and inclined to be bullate. Flowers solitary on peduncles about 3 mm. long, in the leaf-axils of all the leaves, even the earliest. Calyx slightly arcuate linear-oblong, 6 mm. long, equally oblique at base and apex, 5-toothed, strongly angled with conduplicate folds, the part surrounding the ovary and fruit membranous, the vol. 5] New Species of California Plants. 85 upper part foliaceous. Corolla with the slender exserted part of the tube as long as the calyx, throat funnel form, border almost equally 5-lobed, about 1 cm. in diameter, crimson with the three lower lobes deeper crimson at base and mottled with white and yellow deep in the throat. Stamens equally inserted in two pairs with glabrous filaments and minutely tuberculate anthers; the longer pair with anthers connivent and forming a cross, the cells of each part confluent at apex; the lower with but one anther fertile. Style hairy. Stigma purple, bilamellar, the upper part ovate-acuminate, 2 mm. long, ciliate, papillose on one side, hairy on the other; the lower part triangular, minute, scale-like. Cap- sule 5-6 mm. long, sulcate on the valves, with a wing-like ridge down one side where it is gibbous at the base, obliquely ovate, acute. Seeds (immature) oblong, tuberculate, numerous. This undoubtedly belongs to § Eunanus but differs from any other that has been described. It was collected on the old Bolinas Trail on Mount Tamalpais, March 18, 1900. It monopolized the ground for a few square yards not far from the top of the ridge, where the ground was dry and hard as if it contained clay. Two years ago the writer found a single specimen of the same Mimulus on the Bolinas Road, not far from Fairfax. Aphyllon violaceum. Stems 6 cm. underground, one to many from a fleshy rootstock from 5-15 mm. in diameter; scales deltoid. Entire plant glandular viscid even to the corolla. Flowers crowded in corymbs blooming from the ground or below and 3-4 cm. high. Pedicels thick, 2-5 cm. long; bracts linear,- close to the calyx. Calyx dull violet unequally divided almost to the base, with the divisions 1 cm. long, 1-nerved almost sub- carinate, narrowly linear-subulate, acuminate; margin beset with stipitate glands. Corolla dark violet, veiny with tube twice as long as the calyx, curving outwards, ringent; upper lip 12-15 mm. long, 10-12 mm. wide, with the lobes almost half the entire length, 5 mm. broad, acute or obtuse; sinus separating the lobes obtuse. Lower lip 3-cleft to the throat with widely separated divisions, oblong-ovate, acuminate, 12-13 mm. long, 5 mm. broad; the middle lobe narrowed at base where the margins curve 86 New Species of California Plants. [zoe inwards and are bounded on each side by a deep bright yellow fold which extends down the tube to a little above the insertion of the stamens and when spread out is as wide as the divisions. Stamens and stigma exserted, the latter surpassing the former and declined onto the folds; stigma white, peltate 3 mm. in diameter. Stamens didymous, the upper pair slightly longer than the lower, inserted equally on the corolla tube about 5 mm. above the base, not dilated at base. Anthers yellow, horseshoe shaped with rounded or emarginate apex and the bases sharply mucronate, clothed with long, curly, white hairs. Ovary oblong, tinged with violet. Immature seeds globular, papillose. This beautiful Aphyllon was collected by the author on Vision Hill, west of Tomales Bay September 1, 1900. It was parasitic on Grindelia. It belongs to the same group as A. comosum Gray and A. Californicum Gray. It may be one of the forms included under the former species but it is unlike the figure of the type and none of the descriptions allude to the prominent yellow folds on the lower lip. The description was drawn from the living plants. Asclepias Kotolo. Tall and stout, about 1 m. in height, the simple stems hollow and cylindrical, 15 mm. in diameter near the base. Leaves opposite, ternate or rarely quaternate, 10-25 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, oblong; cordate truncate or cuneate at base; the apex obtuse, acute or acuminate and mucronate; mar- gins entire or somewhat sinuate; coriaceous, canescent with soft, velvety tomentum, the upper surface of the leaves becoming smoother with age; midrib broad with the chief veins and reticu- lations noticeable under the tomentum: petioles thick from almost none to about 1 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, with the upper surface concave. Umbels when in flower near the top of the stem but in fruit appearing about the middle, owing to the growth of the upper stem; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, varying from 5-20 mm. in length. Flowers fragrant, 30 or more in each umbel, on pedicels 2-4 cm. in length, which in fruit become stouter and longer. ' Sepals and petals reflexed, the former green with the outer surface denseljr tomentose, the inner glabrous except near the apex, ovate-acuminate to oblong, unequal, 2-3 mm. long. vol. 5] New Species of California Plants. 87 Petals white tinged with rose-color or with the midrib rose-color, 3 petals broader than the others; the former elliptical, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. broad; the latter oblong, 2-3 mm. broad; apex acute, margin membranous. Column short; hoods glabrous ven- tricose with a tooth-like swelling on each side near the base and subtended by a ring which extends to the wings of the anthers; truncate along the top, not open down the back; horn inserted along the entire length of the back with the body protruding in the shape of a camel's back from the opening in the hood and often with a distinct tooth where the hump curves down to the slender acuminate upturned horn which extends above the stigma. Capitate stigma and leaf-like appendages which cover it, greenish white. Abortive ovaries glabrous, fertile ones white-tomentose. Pods erect, pendent or horizontal, on deflexed pedicels which are inclined to be curved at the bend, obliquely ovate-acuminate with the apex curved upwards, about 10 cm. long and 3-4 cm. wide near the base, the broad veins visible beneath the velvety tomen- tum. Seeds ovate or spatulate, reticulate, the margin narrow. Cleomella alata. Glabrous or slightly viscid-pubescent, 2 to 5 cm. high, low and spreading, branched from the base and also above. Stems winged. Leaves trifoliate; stipules of soft bristles; petioles broad, winged, equaling or shorter than the leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, linear-oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long (the middle leaflet longest), 2 mm. wide, somewhat fleshy, with strong mid-nerve and thickened margins, apex aristate with a soft bristle .5 mm. long. Fowers corymbosely crowded in the upper axils on filiform, elongating peduncles, 5 to 10 mm. long; the upper leaves or bracts becoming simple and similar to the leaflets. Calyx of 4 triangular-acuminate divisions, 1 mm. long. Petals 4, yellow, obovate, 2 mm. long. Stamens included, 5 or 6, 2 united by the filaments, twice as long as the anthers; anthers oblong, mucronate. Capsule (immature) on a stipe .5 mm. long, obovate, inflated. Style very short, less than .5 mm., divided half way. This belongs to the same group as Cleomella obtusifolia Torr. & Frem. but it is quite distinct from an}' of the group. It was collected by Mrs. Bruce at Shumway, Lassen County, California, June, 1898 (no. 2364a). 88 New Species of California Plants. [zoe Peucedanum Jaredi. Tomentose throughout, tap-root woody, long and vertical. Caudex very short, underground, with several equally short divisions, sheathed with the dilated petioles. Leaves bipinnately dissected, main divisions 4 to 6, ultimate divisions crowded with minute obtuse lobes; leaves on young plants, without flowers, 2 dm. long, the unsheathed part of the petiole about as long as the lowest internode of the rhachis; leaves on flowering plants not more than 10 cm. long and much smaller. Peduncles stout, ribbed, reddish, about as long as the leaves when in flower but elongating in fruit to more than twice or thrice their length, from 5 cm. to 2 dm. Umbel with unequal rays, 3 to 5 cm. long, becoming glabrate, generally with 1 or 2 ovate-accuminate bracts, 2 to 10 mm. long, with white membra- nous and tomentose margins (bracts rarely foliaceous). Involucel of one palmately 3 to 5-cleft unilateral bractlet, the different bractlets united, or all separate, tomentose and membranously margined; pedicels 5-10 mm. long. Calyx divisions green and almost glabrous with white-membranous margins, minute, deltoid. Petals green, fading yellowish, strongly circinate, mar- gins densely white-tomentose. Stamens yellow, the exserted filaments 1.5 mm. long, anthers broadly elliptical, emarginate at apex, cordate at base. Carpels almost orbicular, 6 mm. wide, 7 mm. long, cordate at base; wings glabrate about as broad as the tomentose body; oil tubes on the commissural surface 3 or 4, on the dorsal 2 or 3 between the ribs. This beautiful Peucedanum was collected near Kstrella, San Luis Obispo County, by Mr. L. Jared, in whose honor it gives me great pleasure to name it. The fruit is quite flat owing to the thin ribs, the ovaries are densely tomentose but become less so with age. The most noticeable character is to be found in the flowers which are green, but appear white from the dense tomentum bordering the petals. Navarretia ocellata. Annual, with several stems spread- ing from the root, clothed with short branchlets, cinereous tomen- tose, reddish. Leaves withering early, twice pinnatifid with filiform spinulose divisions extending to the base of the flattened rhachis, glabrate near the apex, tomentose at the base, 15-20 vol. 5] New Species of California Plants. 89 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, ovate-acuminate in outline. Flowers in dense globular heads terminating the branchlets, those on the main stem largest and often consisting of several heads together. Bracts surpassing the flowers, bipinnatifid, with stiff, spreading filiform, spinulose divisions, the dilated rhachis and lower divi- sions clothed with long, white, jointed hairs, the upper divisions sparingly stipitate glandular, calyx with two divisions pinnatifid, filiform, spinulose, almost equaling the corolla, the other three half as long, subulate spinulose, with pubescence similar to that of the bracts; calyx tube white, equaling the divisions strongly ribbed, with membranous folds between the ribs. Corolla yellow with brown spots in the throat; tube filiform, 7 mm. long, some- what stipitate-glandular; throat funnel-form spreading campanu. lately to the oblong divisions 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. Stamens scarcely exserted, filaments unequal, inserted high in the throat of the corolla. Pistil with style 2-cleft at apex, stigmas capitate, not extending to the line of insertion of the stamens. Capsule obovate, mucronate, upper part thicker than the membranous lower half, 2 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide; loculi 2; seeds 8 or by abortion fewer, brown, irregularly angled, with the angles pale brown. This belongs to the same group as Navarretia cotulcefolia H. & A. It is easily distinguished from the other members of the group by the yellow corolla spotted with brown. There is no noticeable odor about the dried plants as is often the case with other species of the group. It was collected by Mr. L. Jared at Goodwin, San Luis Obispo County, February, 1896. Navarretia Jaredi. Slender annual, about 7 cm. high, branching from the base or along the main stem, sparingly cinereous-tomentose, the upper leaves, bracts and calyx clothed with gland-tipped hairs. • Leaves 15-20 mm. long, simply pinnatifid with narrow linear divisions diminishing downwards to the leaf axil or with the upper part laciniately cleft, the divisions all spinulose. Bracts carinate, with a strong mid-nerve, pinnately 5 to 9-cleft with spinulose divisions, the involucrate bracts surpassing the flowers, the inner ones surpassing the calyx. New Species of California Plants. [zoe Heads of flowers terminating the branches, about 15 mm. across. Calyx with the two longer divisions, equaling the corolla, 3-cleft, the others linear, entire, as long as the corolla tube, all spinulose. Corolla salver-form, violet; tube ribbed, glandular-pubescent, almost as long as the divisions, dilated at the base and throat; divisions oblong, equal, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. Stamens exserted, filaments blue, equally inserted in the throat of the corolla, anthers green. Style surpassing the stamens barely 2-lobed at apex. Ovary with 2 loculi and 2 ovules. Fruit immature. Collected at Paso Robles Creek, San I^uis Obispo County, by Mr. L. Jared, who is well known for his diligent study and collection of the plants of San Luis Obispo County, and in whose honor it is named. T 90 AV71' Species of California Plants. [zok Meads of flowers terminating the branches, about 15 mm. across. Calyx with the two longer divisions, equaling the corolla, 3-cleft, the others linear, entire, as long as the corolla tube, all spiuulose. Corolla salver-form, violet; tube ribbed, glandular-pubescent, almost as long as the divisions, dilated at the base and throat; divisions oblong, equal, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. Stamens exserted, filaments blue, equally inserted in the throat of the corolla, anthers green. Style surpassing the stamens barely 2-lobed at apex. Ovary with 2 loculi and 2 ovules. Fruit immature. Collected at Paso Robles Creek, San Luis Obispo County, by Mr. L. Jared, who is well known for his diligent study and collection of the plants of San Luis Obispo County, and in whose honor it is named. JOHN R. BARROWS announces to the botanical world and to the general public the fact that as a DEALER IN RARE CACTI he offers Mammilaria venusta, M. armillata, and other new species, as well as the commoner and better known forms, AND Attractive prices will be quoted. He will furnish bright, healthy plants and will endeavor, generally, to make of every purchaser "a friend and well- wisher. Correspondence is invited upon this subject. He offers also BOTANICAL SPECIMENS. Believing that the time has come when large sets of plants from regions already fairly well known are no longer desirable in the larger herbaria, he offers for sale as desiderata a large number of rare plants collected by Dr. C. A. Purpus, A. W. Anthony, and others. Plants will be in good condition, correctly named, and special attention given to fruits. Also Botanical and Zoological Publications, especially Author1 s separates. Mem. Cactacece, De Candolle; the Genus Isoetes, Engelm; many contributions by Asa Gray, Sereno Watson, and numerous other papers. Lists on Application. SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. P. O. BOX 396. ZOE Vol. 5 FEBRUARY—APRIL 1901. No. 6-7 _ Editor, - - Katharine Brandegee. CONTENTS: Some Sources of Error in Geuera and Species: Katherine BrandegEE 91 Asclepias Kotolo : Auce Eastwood................. 98 O G-randiflorum and the Species Aggregated under it: ue Eastwood............................ 100 New Species of Plants mainly from Baja California: T. S. BrandegeE. 104 Errors in the Reported Stations of some Southern California Plants : S. B. Parish .......................... 109 Notes on Algse. I: W. A. Setcheu,..........'...... 121 Hepaticte Collected by W. A.Setchell in Northern Alaska. A. W. Evans. 129 Some California Plants. J. W. Congdon................ 133 Short Articles—Plants Used for Poisoning Fish............. 136 Atriplex Semibaccatum................ 136 Verbascum in California................ 138 The Size of Herbarium Sheets............. 138 Recent Literature............................ 140 ZOE PUBLISHING COMPANY, P. O. Box, 684, San Diego, California. ZOK A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF BOTANY. Subscription for United States, Canada and Mexico, $2.00 per year in advance; single numbers, 20 cents. Other countries in Postal Union, $2.25 per year. Vol. i, ii, iii, iv, about 400 pages each, with 33 plates, numerous new- species, and many important papers indispensable to the student of West American botany, $2.00 each. Vol. I. will not be sold separately, but a few of the numbers can be had sinarlv. Zoe Publishing Company, Box 684, San Diego, California. Vol. V 1900-jAKUARY, 1901. Nos. 6. 7, 8 :st be SOME SOURCES OF ERROR IN GENERA AND SPECIES. KATHARINE BKANDEGEE. Systematic botanists cannot be too often reminded that their work is essentially preliminary, that genera and species do not exist in nature, and that their object should be to supply, as soon as possible, a classification in which the determination of plants as to genera should be extremely easy. There would seem to be no good reason why it should not be so simple that the average child of ten could know the first name of most of the organisms belonging to his environment. The beginnings of the natural sciences, learned in the best way from Nature herself, are always delightful, a constantly enlarging new world opens to the observ- er, furnishing resources which diminish the temptation to less innocent pleasures in times of idleness. The door to these joys of Nature is difficult of opening because of the uncertainty of names. Observation is constantly checked because the result cannot be intelligently communicated. The tendency at present seems to be to define as a species every organism which can, by any attribute however minute, be dis- tinguished from its relatives. When by this process, which is essentially the description of individuals, a number of "species" have been accumulated, the next step is to "institute" a genus which shall include the group, which genus in very many cases is simply the equivalent of the earlier single species. The genera and species are in this manner made entirely inelastic, and the Hi URTAKY ("'. IOO1. i^it?S8B; s«ft'~;^?Ss maMm ¦#iSi a mmm mm .j^^^gpp^i^^gl Vol. V. November, 1900-jANUARY, 1901. Nos. 6, 7, 8 SOME SOURCES OF ERROR IN GENERA AND SPECIES. KATHARINE BRANDEGEE. Systematic botanists cannot be too often reminded that their work is essentially preliminary, that genera and species do not exist in nature, and that their object should be to supply, as soon as possible, a classification in which the determination of plants as to genera should be extremely easy. There would seem to be no good reason why it should not be so simple that the average child of ten could know the first name of most of the organisms belonging to his environment. The beginnings of the natural sciences, lear.ned in the best wa}r from Nature herself, are always delightful, a constantly enlarging new world opens to the observ- er, furnishing resources which diminish the temptation to less innocent pleasures in times of idleness. The door to these joys of Nature is difficult of opening because of the uncertainty of names. Observation is constantly checked because the result cannot be intelligently communicated. The tendency at present seems to be to define as a species every organism which can, by any attribute however minute, be dis- tinguished from its relatives. When by this process, which is essentially the description of individuals, a number of "species" have been accumulated, the next step is to "institute" a genus which shall include the group, which genus in very many cases is simply the equivalent of the earlier single species. The genera and species are in this manner made entirely inelastic, and the February 6, 1901. 92 Error in Genera and Species. [zoe inevitable further variations can only find room by enlarging the scope of the genus until it again comes too near its neighbors. One of the trivial but annoying features of this attempt to make "natural" genera is found in the care of herbaria. Most of us, with some care, can put Aster into its genus covers, but which of us receiving a large number of forms could put them in place at once in Eucephalus, Daellingeria, Ionactis, Iyeucosyris, Leucelene, Heleastrum Machseranthera, Xylorrhiza, Oreastrum, Oreostem- ma? etc., certainly not the author of these genera who is contin- ually shifting the species. Genera which are thoroughly confluent would probably be more easily managed in sections than as a separate genera, as has been shown by the merging of Astragalus and Phaca, especially, as in a century from now the species of Phanerogams will probably be less numerous in spite of the new ones yet to be found. The small genera can continue to be merged, as they are better known, with their nearest neighbors by the simple means of omitting unnecessary detail. A particularly objectionable kind of genus is the one which is founded largely on geographical considerations. These are only too apt to be based on wanderers, and area source of uncertainty in phytogeography. These genera especially abound in Cruciferse. The flood of "new species" in which American botanists are now almost engulfed shows no signs of abating, unless it may be one, that some of the most prolific show signs of discord and begin to discredit each others work. One can have small hope of checking the progress of botanists whose whole aim is the crea- tion of as many species as possible, but I, nevertheless, venture to call their attention to a few elementary facts which some of them seem to have forgotten. i. Although most plants are fixed to their place of growth, their seeds may be widely dispersed. This would seem to be quite sufficiently obvious, yet forgetful- ness of the fact has caused the re-describing of a host of plants, which as years go by slowly find their proper places. The dis- persion of species is often attributed to the ice age, in VOL. 5] Error in Genera and Species. 93 apparent forgetfulness of the lapse of time involved in geologic periods, which are certainly long enough to quite preclude the possibility of the survival of any species then existing, while it is quite impossible to grant that evolution acting under different environment in widely separate regions will produce identical organisms. Nature works, as has been well said, along lines of least resistance, and certainly the line of least resistance here is the dispersion of seeds by some of the numerous agencies that are known to be competent. As this introduction and interchange of plants has taken place in the past so we find it now, but at a greatly accelerated rate, owing to the much more rapid and frequent intercourse. How shall we know whether a plant like Erodium cicutarmm or Bowlesia lobata is indigenous, or not very remotely introduced ? By the locality where its variations abound, not by its numerical abundance, for it is a curious fact that Eurasian weeds seem to have become hardy under adverse circumstances and developing under more favorable surroundings to a sturdier growth drive out the feebler native plants. It does not necessarily follow because a plant was first described from a given region, that it was there indigenous. It may well be doubted, for instance, whether Agrimonia or Xanthium are indigenous in North America; certainly, although widespread, neither of them are so in California. Plants which are of annual or biennial duration, especially those growing along the coasts, or in wet places, and belonging to groups which find their chief development in distant regions, should be rigorously scrutinized, and if possible compared directly not only with the less-known species of the genus, but also with those of the neighboring genera, in some one of which it may have been already doubtfully placed. A recent example of this is to be found in Howellia limosa} which appears to have been at least once described before.2 Of course this does (1) Greene, Pitt. ii. 81. (2) Mezleria ? valdiviana Ph. M. ? glaberrima; caule sirnplicissimo, debili; foliis ob- lonffis, sessilibus, obtusis, apicem versus utrinque 2—3-dentjculatis, omnibus ex axilla floriferis; floribus minulis, albis, petiolum sequantibus; laciniis calycinis triaugularibus, diraidiam corollam nee non filamentorum columnam Eequantibus. Habitat in stagnulis prov. Valdiyise: detexit filius Fredericus. Caulis interdum pe'lalis vix •% lin. crnssus, e parte inferiore radices filiformes sett 94 Error in Genera and Species. [zoK not invalidate Gray's genus Howellia, which may however be the same species, its emersed fruit being still unknown/or it may be one of the obscure aquatic Lobelias. The small annual L,obeliaceous and Campanulaceous plants seem to possess a high degree of variability. The type of H. limosa had expanded corollas, but in the numerous specimens I have seen growing the flowers were cleistogamous. Campanula exigua,3 which must be very near C. Reverchoni^ of which the mature fruit was not known, belongs to a group of small annual Campanulas which have their home about the Mediterranean. It is almost certainly an immigrant, may even be C. Lcefling ii Brot., of which I have seen only an imperfect specimen. The recently described C. angustifoliab is perhaps only a semi-cleistogamous form, for in the thousands of plants observed I never saw an expanded corolla The plate, where this form is figured in comparison with C. exigua, is somewhat misleading, the unexpanded style of the latter being figured in relation with the fully evolute one of C. angtistifolia. In the genus the style before maturity is thick, cylindrical or clavate and denseby hairy; after expansion of the stigmatic lobes the style appears to shrink to a third of its former thickness, and its hairiness is much less perceptible. Another plant which may perhaps be a wanderer is Lithosper- muni g lab rum* Dr. Gray compares it with the Old World L. incrassatum Guss., which I have not seen, but inspection of a capillares siniplices emittens. Folia alterna, internodiis breviora, 4 lin. longa, llin, lata, oniuia (excepta infimis?) florujn ex axilla emittunt. Pedimculi fere capillacei, primum flore breviores, 2-2^ lin. longi, demura patuli, capsulani maturam cequantes, fere 4 lin. longi. Calycis tubus angustus, 1% lin. longus, dentes, e triangulari lanceolati, % lin. longi, trin- erves in fructu majores. Corolla calycem bis aequans, dorso fissa, quinquepartita, sed noil quiuquepetala; lobi duo superiores vix breviores, sed paullo angustiores et auctiores, inferiories latiores, lineares, apice rotundati. Filamenta monadelpha; antheras connate paullulum incurvatce, inferiores dure setuloso-aristatEe. Stigma crassum, bilobum. Capsula compresso-prismatica, 3% Hn longa, 1 lin. lata, sub- truncata, apice fissa, nnilocularis, polyspenna, placentis duabus, parietalibus. Semina oblonga, luteofulva, nitida, sat inagna. Vergleichen wir Endlicher genera p. 510, so weicht unsere Pflatiz^ durch die eiublat- trige Blumenkrone, die einfacherige, abgestutze, nicht rait der Spitze hervorragende Kapselvon den Capschen Mezlerien ab, so wie durch die Monadelphischen Filamente, und nach dem Prodromus von De Candolle sollen die Mezlerien halbkugelige Kapseln haben. Dennoch glaube icli kaum, dass die aug-egebenen Verschiedeuheiten eine gener- ische Trennung rechtfertigen diirfteu.— R. A. Philippi, Bot. Zeitnng. xxii, 217. (3) Rattan, Bot. Gaz. 11. 339. (4) Gray, Syn. Fl. ii. pt. i, Supp. 396. (5) Eastwood, Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 3. i, 132 pi- xi. (6) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xvi, 227. T VOL. 5] Error in Ge7iera and Species. 95 fragment, kindly furnished me by Mr. J. G. Lemmon, shows it to .be a swollen form of the plant subsequently described as Allo- carya stipitata." Some misplacement of labels is to be suspected, for the form is common in the Alameda marsh lands, particularly about Mount Eden, and is sometimes even stouter than the one in Mr. Lemmon's herbarium. 2. Although plants are bisexual, o?ie or the other sex is apt to preponderate in varying proportion. The influence of environment upon plants has been much con- sidered, and seldom quite ignored, but the sexual differences, unless they have progressed so far as complete separation, have been little regarded. These differences are particularly notice- able in incompletely dicecions annuals, and short-lived perennials, where the greater sacrifice demanded of those which are practi- cally female often appears to shorten the internodes, making the plants lower and more stocky and the flowers smaller. Several of the recent species of Sidalcea have no other foundation than these sexual differences. The difference in development of the flowers in different plants of Borraginacese Polemoniacese, etc., has most probably a similar origin. 3. Hybrids, or rather crosses, are commo?i a?nong closely related species, growing together. In Europe spontaneous hybrids are numerous and well known, especially in Rubus, Epilobium, Hieracium, Cirsium, etc. In this country they have been systematically studied only among the willows. Our lists of species include, and perhaps unavoid- ably, many of them, as they can only be certainly distinguished in the field, and the collector seldom takes the trouble, even if he suspects, to verify them.. They rarely reach generic rank; I believe, in our Flora, only one, Crockeria,8 which is most probably a hybrid of Lasthenia and Eatonella Congdoni, has been made out with comparative certainty. Vanclevea9 is, however, a very suspectable plant. There is in the heads I have examined (7) Greene, Pitt, i, 19. (8) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. i, 93. (9) Greene, Pitt, iv, SO — but style tips, not "sub-terete." 96 Error in Genera a?id Species. [zoe an unusual variation among the florets, the style-branches are irregular, and the stigmatic lines often irregular or indistinct. If it is a hybrid of course Grindelia is one of the parents. The doubt concerning this plant attaches in some measure to the genus Eastwoodia.10 Hybridity appears to be within certain limits a matter more of relative size and texture of the essential organs than of absolute relationship as ordinarily accepted and it will cer- tainly not be necessary to resort to parthenogenesis1' to account for the seeding of an Antennaria as long as the male of any species of the genus or even of Gnaphalium be present. The field investigation of hybrids is a most interesting and useful employment for botanists who do not have access to large herbaria and libraries. The life history of a single species, its limit of variation and its hybrids, if any, would be far more useful than a dozen "decades" of new violets orSenecios. A few years ago I happened upon a very instructive object lesson of this kind. In the experiment grounds of Mr. I^uther Burbank, the well-known horticultural hybridizer, at Santa Rosa, I observed a row of Zauschneria about a hundred yards in length. Mr. Bur- bank informed me that he had transferred a single plant from a locality not far away, and saving all the seeds produced b}' this self-fertilized individual, had planted them to see what variations he could get. In this row were all the forms, both of 'flower and foliage, which have been observed in the genus, except the extreme narrow or revolute leaf which is climatal variation of drier regions. A few experiments of this kind would rid us of a host of species. A description of a supposed new organism is imperfect unless ever}' part is fully described. The description b)? comparison is often worse than none, it involves the assumption that the author is capable of placing a species in the correct genus, or a genus in the proper group, which sometimes cau hardly be granted.12 The (ID) Brandegee, Zoe iv, 397. (11) Greene, Plant World, i, 102. (12) Cf. Zoe iv. 63-103 and 287-291. T VOL. 5] Error in Genera and Species. 97 chief American sinner in this respect is, in fact, somewhat noto- rious for comparing his new species, not with their nearest, but with their more remote relatives. It may be observed in descriptions by this author, that after a brief description dealing only with the grosser anatomy, the plant in question is compared ' with one or two others, ending with "species not near akin," "exceedingly well-marked," "not closely related to any other," etc.; indeed, he not only habitually does this kind of work, but defends it13 as sufficient. In genera the work of this author is even worse, if that be possible, and he has abundantly shown that he is unable to trace an unfamiliar plant to its correct genus, or a genus to its proper group. This may possibly be due to defective methods of investigation, for inability to get at the finer details of structure is only too evident. Such grievous errors as the location of the-Zygophyllaceous genus Viscainoa14 in the vicinity of Simmondsia and of Biolettia15 near Erigeron ought to have taught him caution, but that it has not is quite evident from the genus Wootonia,10 which is described as ray less, and of "A quite distinct new type, about equally allied to Bidens and Cosmos, but impossible to be referred to either.'' The figure of the plant agrees so well with Dr. Gray's Dicranocarpus parvi- florus^ as to raise at once a suspicion of their identity; and a specimen, very kindly furnished at my request by Mr. Wooton, shows the suspicion to be well founded. In the only flower ex- amined there were four well-formed but short rays, and four disk flowers. Both under Dicranocarpus and Wootonia the specific name, parviflonis has been applied on account of this very obvious character. It is not, however, the earliest specific name, the first known description being under Heterospermum,18 but drawn from very imperfect material. It was collected "between the Guadaloupe (13) ''One of our beginners in botanical authorship has lately published the complaint that of my A ntennaria media no description has been given [E. Nelson in Bull. Torr. xxiv, 210]. The complaint is not, I must confess, wholly groundless; although, in giving the essential characters of the species as compared with those of H. nmbrinella on the one hand, and of A. alpina on the other, I fully satisfied the actual requirements of pub- lication, at least as regards the public of experienced phytographers." E. L- Greene, Pitt, iv, 85. (14) Pitt, i, 163—Embryo very incorrectly described. (15) Pitt, ii, 215. (16) Bull. Torr. xxv. 121. PI. 333. (17) Plantte Thurberiante, 322. (18) H. dicranocarpum. PI. Wrightianse. i, 109. Asclepias Kotolo. [zoe mountains and the Pecos," in the same general region as Mr. Wooton's plant. Both in Benth. & Hook. Genera Plantarum, and in Kngler's Pflanzenfamilien the genus is located among the Melampodise. ASCLEPIAS KOTOLO. ALICE EASTWOOD. [This species was published in Zoe, v. 68, without the locality or an explanation of the name. This omission arose because part of the manuscript was misplaced and the proofs were not seen by the author. As it will be confusing- and inconvenient to have part of the description in one number of the mag-azine and part in another, it is here given complete.] Asclepias Kotolo, Tall and stout about, i m. in height, the simple stems hollow and cylindrical, 15 mm. in diameter near the base. Leaves opposite, ternate or rarely quaternate, 10-25 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, oblong; cordate truncate or cuneate at base; the apex obtuse, acute or acuminate and mucronate; mar- gins entire or somewhat sinuate; coriaceous, canescent with soft, velvety tomentum, the upper surface of the leaves becoming smoother with age; midrib broad with the chief veins and reticu- lations noticeable under the tomentum; petioles thick from almost none to about 1 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, with the upper surface concave. Umbels when in flower near the top of the stem but in fruit appearing about the middle, owing to the growth of the upper stem; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, varying from 5-20 mm. in length. Flowers fragrant, 30 or more in each umbel, on pedicels 2-4 cm. in length, which in fruit become stouter and longer. Sepals and petals reflexed, the former green with the outer surface densely tomeutose, the inner glabrous except near the apex, ovate-acuminate to oblong, unequal, 2-3 mm. long. Petals white, tinged with rose-color or with the midrib rose-color, 3 petals broader than the others; the former elliptical, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. broad ; the latter oblong, 2-3 mm. broad ; apex acute, margin membraneous. Column short; hoods glabrous ven- vot. 5] Asclepias Kotolo. . 99 tricose with a tooth-like swelling on each side near the base and subtended by a ring which extends to the wings of the anthers; truncate along the top, not open down the back; horn inserted along the entire length of the back with the body protruding in the shape of a camel's back from the opening in the hood and often with a distinct tooth where the hump curves down to the sleuder acuminate upturned horn which extends above the stigma. Capitate stigma and leaf-like appendages which cover it, greenish white. Abortive ovaries glabrous, fertile ones white-tomentose. Pods erect, pendent or horizontal, on deflexed pedicels which are inclined to be curved at the bend, obliquely ovate-acuminate with the apex curved upwards, about 10 cm. long and 3-4 cm, wide near the base, the broad veins visible beneath the velvety tomen- tum. Seeds ovate or spatulate, reticulate, the margin narrow. This is near A. eriocarpa Benth. (PI. Hartw. 325), which was originally collected at Tularcitos, near Monterey. It differs" in pubescence, shape of leaves and stems, and especially in the dif- ferent-form of the hoods and horns. Dr. J. W. Hudson of Ukiah, from whom it was received, sug- gests that it be given the name by which it is known to the Indians, the Yo-kai-a tribe of the Pomas. He writes about it as follows: "The Yo-kai-a call it Ko-to-lo Ka-li, Kotol meaning twice or double-leaved while Kali is the general name for plant. The Ca-nel tribe name it Du-wi-cim-ma which means night-ear. It grows on poor soil, usually on hillsides. The stalks are shredded and manufactured into twine, rope, etc. The fiber is soft and fine but of medium strength." Dr. Hudson collected the specimens from which the description was drawn, along the Russian river, near Ukiah, in both flower and fruit, in the later part of August, of last year. The species is represented in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences by the above type, b}' a specimen collected on Cobb mountain by C. F. Iydthold, and by one from near Bartlett Springs, donated by Mrs. Alexander McCallum. A STUDY OF ERYSIMUM GRANDIFLORUM NUTT. AND THE SPECIES AGGREGATED UNDER IT. EASTWOOD. This species as described in the Synoptical Flora, Vol. I, pt. i p. 144, is an aggregate representing either several species or sub- species. The attention of the writer has been called to the mat- ter by the rediscovery of the type on "Sand hills of Point Pinos, in the vicinity of Monterey." This differs so much from the form included under the same name found near San Francisco and from a species collected at Mendocino by H. E. Brown, and dis- tributed as No. 708 of his collection, that the writer has felt it necessary to segregate these different species from the type form. Nuttall's description of the type is so full and fits the specimens at'hand so perfectly that it seems advisable to repeat it here. E. gtan#iflorum (Nutt. ! mss.): "dwarfish, slightly roughened with appressed, forked or stellate hairs ; leaves oblong-spatulate, obtuse, entire or somewhat angularly lobed towards the base ; petioles long and slender ; flowers in capitate corymbs ; siliques very long, somewhat torulose ; stigma conspicuously 2-lobed. ' 'Sand hills of Point Pinos, in the vicinity of Monterey, Upper California, March.—Root very long and straight, perennial. Stems growing partly under the sand, crowned with the vestiges of several years' growth of leaves ; the part above ground 3 to 6 inches in height. Leaves very flat, often wholly entire, some- times repandly denticulate, sometimes angularly lobed below ; lamina an inch or more in length and 5-6 lines broad, at- tenuated at the base into a slender petiole 1-2 inches long. Corymb scarcely extending beyond the leaves. Flowers fra- grant, deep yellow, uncommonly large. Inner sepals saccate at the base. Petals with the claws exserted. Filaments very broad, flat. Siliques 2-3 inches long, somewhat curved upwards and outwards, scarcety a line wide. Style scarcely any ; stigma pu- bescent." Nutt. (Torr. & Gra3', Fl. N. Am. I. 96.) Nuttall's specimens were collected earlier in the season than those of the writer, which were collected April 15, 1900, VOL. 5] Erysimum Grandiflorum Nutt. 101 In these specimens the ripe siliques are 7 cm. long and about 3 mm. broad, and spread either horizontally or upwardly. The stems are generally several from a perennial root and are conspic- uously clothed with the sheathing petioles of former leaves for about two inches below the ground. The new shoots for the flowering stems of the.next year are almost always present and have spatulate leaves with small blades, about 1 cm. long, and almost filiform petioles 2-5 cm. long. The flowers are 2 cm. or more across. The seeds are 1-6 mm. in diameter, narrowly winged but not continuously, and have accumbent cotyledons. The short style of the silique is evident and forms a beak. The form common in the vicinity of San Francisco was origin- ally described in I^innsea I. 14, by Chamisso and Schlechtendal. The transcript of the original description follows : "Cheiranthus asper. Nob. Ch. foliis sinuato-dentatis, inferioribus lanceolatis, superioribus sublinearibus, pube bipartita, caulibus basi adscendentibus erectis, siliquis pedicello triplo longioribus stylo brevi apiculatis." * * * "In littore Californiae." "Habitus florentis plantse est species omnis Erysimi lanceolati cujus varietatum esse crederes. Tota planta paullo niagis scabra, folia radicalia et caulina remote sinuato-dentata, dentibus acutis. Caulis sesquipedalis basi adscendens, simplex, aut ramosus, fere semper atque ex omnibus axillis foliorum fasciculos s. ramos abbreviatos steriles prodens. Pedunculi quam in Kr. lanceolato paullo longiores circiter 6 lineares. Siliquse paucas maturse in nostris speciminibus, circiter 15 lin. longae, lineam latse, com- pressse; plurimis ovulis abortu haud perfectis, pauca modo ader- ant semina in quoque loculo ; valvulse medio nervo extus promi- nente a basi ad apicem sunt notatas. Stylus .siliquam terminans brevis vix semilinearis, crassus, stigmate capitato, indistincte bilobo. Semen lineam longum compressum, cotyledones accum- bentes." This species was identified by Hooker from specimens sent to him by Chamisso with a species collected by Douglas "on rocky places of the Columbia, near the sea and at Puget Sound," Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. I. p. 38. IO2 Erysimum Grandiflorum Nutt. [zoE The original description of Douglas with fuller notes by Hook- er here follow : " C. capitatus; subasper, foliis lineari-lanceolatis magis minusve dentatis vel integris basi longe attenuatis cauleque pube bipartita arctissime appressa strigosis, floribus (majusculis) dense corymbosis, siliquis pedicello triplo longioribus."—Douglas MSS. ' 'Radix, ut videtur, annuus. Caulis basi ascendens et ramosus, demum erectus, pedalis et ultra, acute angulatus, tactu subscaber, pube bipartita subcanescens. Folia remotiuscula, 3-5 pollicaria, patentia, lineari-lanceolata, majis minusve dentata vel integer- rima, basi in petiolum longe attenuata, pube bipartita, arctissime appressa, strigosa: suprema majis angusta mimis basi attenuata. Flores majusculi, in capitulum duas uncias latum dense racemosi, flavi. Pedicelli 5-6 lineas longi, appresse pilosi. Calyx etiam simili modo pilosus, sepalis linearibus, 2 basi saccatis. Petala limbo ovato, uugue sepalis longiore. Germen lineare, rectum. Stylus crassiusculus, lineam longus. Stigma mediocre, capitatum, bilobum, lobis rotundatis. Siliquae nostris exemplaribus absunt: sed, Chamissonis fide." Here follows a quotation from the description of Chamisso given above. Professor Greene renames this species, "Erysimum capitatum Fl. Francis, p. 269, and redescribes it under that name. According .to the experience of the writer the flowers are decidely fragrant, a bunch of them filling a room with the odor of the "wall flower;" the flowers are a bright canary yellow when they first expand changing to a creamy yellow after pollination. The earlier flowers are much larger than those that are in bloom when the pods are present and the early inflorescence is truly capitate. "Erysimum Californicum Greene Eryth. III. 69, Biennial, stout and simple, or with few branches, 1-2 ^ feet high: herbage scarcely canescent, but thinly covered with closely appressed divided hairs, the divisions of which are stout and subulate: leaves runcinate-toothed, or the upper cauline mostly entire: raceme rather dense: Flowers large, yellow, fading to cream- color, very fragrant, sepals more than ^ inch long, the inner with saccate base, the outer longer, unguiculate: limb of corolla 1% inches long, only ^ inch broad, not cruciform, the petals diverging in pairs: anthers slenderly sagittate, the 4 longer VOL. 5] Erysimum Grandiflorum Nutt. 103 ones exserted: pods long, slender, almost spreading, the cross- section sharply rhombic.'' A large plant of the Mt. Diablo Range, California, growing only on open grassy summits: the pale flowers large and delight- fully fragrant." The writer has never seen this species but it probably belongs to the aggregate and ought to be included. Erysimum concinnurn n. sp. Apparently biennial, stem stout, simple, erect, 15 cm. high. Pubescence simple and bifid, upwardly appressed. Radical and lower cauline leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, tapering to broad margined petioles as long as the blades, altogether about 5 cm. long: margin run- cinate-dentate with mucronate teeth, blades 5-10 mm.wide: upper leaves lanceolate or oblong, sessile or on very short petioles. Flowers large, 3 cm. or more in diameter, canary yellow, crowded in a capitate corymb, fragrant even when dry; pedicels stout, ribbed, 10-12 mm. long. Sepals pubescent externally, 15 mm. long: the two outer slightly narrower than the inner, 3 mm. wide, thickened and hooded at apex: the two.inner saccate at base, carinate, membranous at apex. Petals with orbicular blades 10- 15 mm. in diameter, sparingly pubescent externally, tapering to an exserted claw 15-18 mm. long. Stamens with sagittate anthers, 5 mm. long, exserted from the throat of the corolla, with filaments broadening towards the base, the 2 short ones narrower than the others which are 2 cm. long and imm. wide. Pistil as long as the longer filaments, surmounted by a broad, shallowly-lobed, sessile stigma. Immature pods, flattened, nerved, becoming spatulate at the apex below the stigma, 8 or 9 cm. long; the upper ones erect- spreading, the lower falcately recurved-spreading. Collected by H. E, Brown (No. 708), near Mendocino, Mendocino County, California, June, 1898. Under this species are also included specimens collected by the writer at Bodega Point April 1899 and again June of the same year. The last have ripe fruit from which the following descrip- tion is drawn., Siliques 2-5 mm. broad, the longest 15 cm. long, with sessile 2-lobed, stigmas, valves keeled; pedicels stout, 1-2 cm. long. Seeds 3 mm. in diameter with a wing almost .5 m. broad, completely encircling the seed; cotyledons accmnbent. NEW SPECIES OF PLANTS, MAINLY FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA. T. S. BRANDEGEE. Ranunculus australis. R, abortivus australis, Brandegee, Zoe, iv, 399. Perennial, glabrous, 2-3 dm. high : radical leaves on petioles two-thirds as long as the stems, 3-4 cm.-wide, round- reniform, simply or doubly dentate ; cauline once or twice parted into linear divisions: petals bright yellow, 5-6 mm. long : akenes lenticular, glabrous, i1/^ [mm. long, beakless, in small globular heads. From R. abortivits it differs, especially in having long-petioled basal leaves of a different outline. It is common about the higher summits of the Cape Region Mountains. flalpighia diversifolia. A spreading bush 1-2 m. high, young stems slightly pubescent, dark brown : mature leaves 4 cm. long and wide, orbicular to broadly ovate, on pubescent petioles 2 mm. long, rounded or the ovate ones bluntly pointed, hirsute below and nearly glabrous above ; younger leaves more hirsute upon both faces, especially so upon the lower; stipules minute, hirsute : umbels 2-4 flowered ; peduncles hirsute, 1-3 cm. long, the pedicles 1 cm. long, jointed nearer the base ; bracts and bracteolas minute ; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, hirsute : petals rose-colored, 7 mm. long, more than twice the length of the calyx, deeply fringed-laciniate, with a claw 3 mm. long, and an orbicular blade 6 mm. wide : stamens united at base yi their length ; sepals with two large glands at base excepting one which has a gland on each side, at the sinus : fruit depressed, 15 mm. wide. Common about San Jose del Cabo. The fruit is called by the people manzanita, and without any special reason is sometimes eaten by them. In the Flora of the Cape Region it is listed as M. Galleotiana f to which species and M. rehisa, by their char- acters, it seems to be nearest. Rarely some of the leaves are retuse or may be somewhat lobed near the apex. VOL. 5] New Species of Plants. 105 Brongniartia trifoliata. A spreading bush 2-4 m. high, the younger growth tomentose : leaves trifoliate, 6-10 cm. long, the terminal leaflet sometimes twice as large as the others ; petioles and petiolules white-tomeutose; leaflets coriaceous, glabrous, oblong, cuneate or cordate at base, obtuse or retuse, 2-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, somewhat repand ; petiolules 2-3 mm. long ; stipules deciduous : pod 1-2 seeded, 3-3^ cm. long, 1^-2 cm. wide, glabrous, narrowly margined, tipped with an awn 3 mm. long ; stipe 3 mm. long : flowers not seen. This bush is common at middle elevations of the Cape Region Mountains. It seems to be a very distinct species, and in the absence of flowers its generic position is indicated by the stipe of the pod, and the strophiolate seeds having a very short, straight radicle. The leaves resemble slightly those of B. incon- stans but lack the stipules, are ochroleucous in color, thicker in texture and veins not as prominent. From the characters, it seems to be nearer B. Parryi than any other described species. Houstonia prostrata. A prostrate annual ; stems spreading 1-2 dm. long, hirtellous : leaves oblanceolate, 1 cm. long, hirsute, especially the under side, margins revolute ; stipules scarious, laciniate-dentate : flowers axillary near the ends of the branch- lets on pedicels 1 mm. long or less : calyx 1% mm. long includ- ing the ovary ; lobes more than half as long, acute : corolla light purple, 1^ mm. long, lobes very short : capsule depressed- globose, subdidymous, three fourths inferior : seeds oblong, cym- biform, the margins more or less involute, with a median hilar ridge. This plant must be nearest H. parviflora. Growing flat upon the clean sand of a dry stream it had the appearance of a pros- trate Euphorbia. Collected near La Palma, in the Cape Region. Perezia pinetorum. Herbaceous, branching, 1 m. high, puberulent, glandular above: branches spreading, leafy : the inflorescence cymose-paniculate . leaves chartaceous, oblong, acuminate, spinulose-dentate, the lower ones 2 dm. long, 1 dm. wide, the large auricles nearly clasping the stem ; veins strongly reticulated : heads on pedicles 2-3 cm. long, 15-20 flowered : scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, the io6 New Species of Plants. [ZOE inner ones 15 mm. long, puberulent: akenes glandular-puber- ulent. This plant is very near P. oxylepis, but the larger heads are arranged in a more cymose inflorescence and the conspicuously- reticulated leaves have larger dentations. The form of inflores- cence gives to the species a very different appearance. Bumelia occidentalis, Hemsley, Biol., Cent.-Amer. ii, 298. Specimens of a bush that agree very closely with the description of this species were collected at San Jose de Gracia, near the cen- tral latitude of the peninsula. Though generally unarmed as described, some of the specimens bear small spines. What seems to be the same thing was collected at Pescadero, near Todos Santos, where it formed small trees. I also collected apparently the same plant in fruit at Durasnillas, fifty miles from Hermosillo, Sonora. The type came from "North Mexico, Sonora Alta." Bumelia Socorrensis. Glabrous excepting the young growth, peduncles, pedicels and calyx lobes, which are sparingly pubes- cent : leaves not fascicled, obovate, cuneate at base. 4-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, attenuate into a petiole 5 mm. long ; flowers in small fascicles in the axils of the leaves on pedicels 3-4 mm. long: calyx coriaceous: appendages shorter than the corolla lobes, lanceolate, fimbriate, narrower and shorter than the ovate- lanceolate staminodia that in old flowers are acuminate and some- what fimbriate : fruit elliptical, 12-14 mm. long, 8 mm. wide. The specimens are all unarmed excepting one which bears a few sharp axillary spines, 1 cm. long. The leaves resemble those of B. lannginosa, but do not have its pubescence. Collecte'. upon Socorro Island by Mr. A. W. Anthony. Bumelia fragrans. A shrub 3-5 m. high, glabrous, except- ing the pubescent pedicels and calyx segments, the short branches spinescent ; leaves coriaceous, in fascicles of about 4, obovate, obtuse, cuneate at base into a very short petiole : flow- ers in fascicles of 10-20 on pedicels 7-10 mm. long, white : calyx segments coriaceous with hyaline margins : corolla 5 mm. long, exceeding the calj'x; appendages interior, nearly 1 mm. broad, oblong, obtuse, fimbriate, little shorter than the lobes : stamin- odia narrowly ovate, broader and longer than the appendages to VOL. 5] .New Species of Plants. 107 the corolla lobes, fimbriate : anthers sagittate-acuminate : fila- ments hardly widened at the base: ovary hirsute; fruit un- known. Collected near San Jose del Cabo, where it grows amongst Rhamnaceous shrubs, and when in full bloom in May, its fra- grance fills the air. It is characterized by the slender stems and short thorn-like branches that bear leaves and sometimes flowers, and its closely aggregated 'usually leafless fascicles of flowers. It much resembles B. spiniflora, Caiques des Dess. Fl, Mex., 753, differing in the more crowded fascicles of flowers, their longer pubescent pedicels and other minor details. Bumelia peninsularis. A bush 3-4 m. high, much branched from the base, with stout subulate axillary thorns, the young shoots, petioles and under surface of leaves rusty-pubescent: leaves thin-coriaceous, elliptical or obovate-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, tapering to a .slender petiole 4-6 mm. long : peduncles sub- glabrous, stout, clavate, as long or longer than the flower ; calyx segments ovate ; corolla lobes, 3 mm. long, equalling the inner segments of the calyx ; appendages and stout staminodia more or less fimbriate, acuminate, equalling the stamens ; filaments shorter than the anthers; ovary glabrous: fruit 15 mm. long, elliptical, fleshy. Found in the Cape Region Mountains. The flowers are small for the genus, usually in fascicles of 4-6 in the axils of the leaves but sometimes apparently scattered along the branches. The leaves are venulose-reticulated and not fascicled. The fruit is large when compared with that of other species of the genus. Gilia uncialis. Annual, sparingly pubescent, 2-4 cm. high, stems usually simple, rarely 1-2 branches near the base : leaves narrow-linear, 3-4 mm. long : flower white, terminating the stem, often with 1-2 additional ones from the axils of the upper leaves, on pedicels 5 mm, long: corolla funnelform, 4-6 mm. long; lobes denticulated, slightly exceeding the linear calyx lobes : ovules about 10 in each cell. This Gilia is closely allied to G. dianthoides, and its most obvious difference is a small corolla, but there is no resemblancto io8 New Species of Plants. [ZOE the depauperate form common about San Diego in "dry seasons," described by Nuttall under the name of Fenzlia concinna. Collected on Cedros Island, 1897, and growing in abundance near the summit of the highest mountain, on the sides of gulches and under the shade of bushes. Salvia peninsularis. Herbaceous and probably perennial, 1 m. high, branching below : stems slightly pubescent: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate, cordate to somewhat cuneate at base, white-tomentose beneath, pilose and greener above, the larger 12 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, on petioles 2-2^ cm. long: racemes 15 cm. long, bracts not seen : verticels 1-2 cm. apart, 4-6 flowered ; pedicels 5 mm. long and less, white-pubes- cent : calyx pubescent, especially upon the nerves, 7 mm. long ; lobes short, the upper blunt, shorter than the two deltoid lower ones : corolla 3 cm. long or less, brick red, its tube three times as long as the calyx, ventricose at the throat, the pubescent galea longer than the lip, style bearded. In Mr. Fernald's Synopsis of American Salvias, this species would seem to belong near £*. Martensii. Collected at San Pablo, Central Lower California, Apr. 22, 1889, and by Dr. C. A. Purpus near the same locality in 1898. Salvia similis. A much branched shrub, forming rounded clumps 1 m. high or more, young growth white with a close pubescence: leaves ovate-acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate or crenate-serrate, minutely white-stellate especially on the nerves, the larger ones 4-5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, on petioles more or less white with a close indumentum, 3 cm. long and less: racemes short, 3 cm. long and less; flowers crowded; bracts linear-lanceolate, 1 cm.long: calyx 5 mm. long on a pedicel 1 mm. long, tomentulose, striate, half the length of the light blue corolla : style bearded. This species resembles 5*. Cedrosensis and has been distributed under that name. It is a larger shrub with thinner, greener and more acuminate leaves that are often serrate. The short flower- ing racemes are borne at the ends of the spreading branches, while those of 6*. Cedrosensis terminate upright white shoots, half a foot or more high. It grows among the Cape Region Mountains. VOL. 5] Etrors in Southern California Plants. 109 Ruellia leucantha. A shrub forming rounded clumps about 8 dm.: high: stems pubescent, obtusely 4-angled : leaves oppo- site, ovate, acuminate, 5-6 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, pubescent, margins ciliate and entire or sub-repand, narrowed at base into a petiole : flowers solitary, sessile in the axils of the leaves, crowd- ed about the ends of the branches : bracts narrowly oblanceolate, 15 mm. long : calyx 5-parted, tube 2 mm. long, lobes 1^-2 cm. long, linear-attenuate, pubescent: corolla white, 6 cm. long, externally puberulent ; tube gradually ampliated into the obcon- ical throat; lobes rounded, i}4, cm. broad: capsules pyriform, acuminate, 15 mm. long, 8-10 ovuled ; seed nearly circular, 4-5 mm. wide, pubescent. Common along the slopes of the Cape Region Mountains. Flowers can be found at any time of the year. ERRORS IN THE REPORTED STATIONS OF SOME SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PLANTS. S. S. PARISH. The student of local botany can address himself to no more useful task than that of ascertaining, with accuracy,1 what are the plants which inhabit his region, and to which of its several div- isions each pertains. It this way he comes to understand cor- rectly, and to be able to define, its life-areas, their subdivisions and their interrelations; and while thus gaining a true knowledge of his limited district, he, perhaps, may supply some factors for the solution of the wider problems of phytogeography. Thus studied each plant, and each group of plants, presents its own question. What are the influences which limit each within narrower or wider boundaries? A question readily an- swered in some cases; in many difficult and obscure; but in all demanding first a correct knowledge of what those bound- aries are. When, then, a plant supposed to be confined to a cer- tain life-area, or which by reason of its affinities is presumedly so confined, is reported from another—a desert species from the Feb. 26, 1901. no Errors in Southern California Plants. [zOE mountains, for example—perplexity arises, and even incredulity, and it becomes of importance to make sure that no mistake has been made. To correct some ascertained errors of this kind, and to call at- tention to other probable ones, is the chief object of the present paper. Besides this it seems desirable to rectify some mistakes which have been made in recording the type-stations of certain species, and to eliminate from the southern Californian flora some species which have been accredited erroneously to it. Errors such as these arise from several causes. Some occur from a pardonable ignorance of local geography, a misapprehen- sion which led Brewer and Watson to include in the Californian flora a number of plants from Ft. Mojave, a station which is really in Arizona. Sometimes plants have been supposed by the botanists who received them to have grown at the collector's res- idence, or at the place whence he forwarded them, and in this way several of Dr. Parry's type-specimens have been located incorrect- ly. Other errors originate in mistaken identifications, which once finding their way into print are too apt to be repeated by sub- sequent writers. Less excusable are the blunders due to the negligence of collectors in supplying proper data with their speci- mens, or the carelessness of authors in noting the labels of herbarium sheets. ASPIDIUM ACUIfEATUM PROUFERUM Wolleston. Dr. Eaton1 notes this fern as "very abundant in the southern part of the state, and commonly called the 'San Diego fern/" but I do not find that any of our resident botanists are aware of its presence, or have heard the supposed trival name. The only variety of this species which is known from southern California is the var. scopulinum, collected at a single station in the San Bernardino mountains. Bromus depauperatus Presl, Rel. Hsenk. i: 263. To this species Dr. Beal refers specimens said to have been col- lected at San Diego by Bolander, and by Kellogg;2 but Mr. Shear, 1 Eaton, D. C, Bull. Torr. Club, 8:4. 2 Beal, W. J. Grasses, N. Am., 2: 613. VOL. 5] Errors in Southern California Plants. in in his recent monograph, relegates it to the doubtful list.3 And, indeed, it is scarcely credible that anative of Nootka Sound should reappear in this southern latitude, and it seems more. probable that an error has occured, either as to locality, or in identification. As to the Kellogg specimen I am able to state, on the authority of Mr. Harford, his long-time botanical associate, that Dr. Kel- logg never made any collections in the San Diego region. Dr. Bolander, however, did visit San Diego County, and, in the spring of 1873, collected at San Diego, Cuyamaca, Julian and elsewhere.4 But geographical and climatic " reasons make it most unlikely that this grass was among his finds. I have been unable to ascertain where the specimens named by Dr. Beal are preserved. Hilaria mutica Benth, Jour. Linn. Soc. 19: 62. The reported presence of this grass in southern California5 is due to an error in the labels on a sheet of specimens in the Na- tional Herbarium. The plants really came from Texas. The specimens collected in the Coso Mts. of Inyo County by the Death Valley Expedition, and refered in the report to H. mutica? belong to H. Jamesii Benth.7 Paspalum pubifi,orum Rupr. Bull. Soc. Brux. 92: 237. This was reported from southern California by Dr. Vasey8 by an oversight, Lower California being intended.9 Aristida Orcuttiana Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club, 15:37. In this case also southern California10 is an error for Lower California. Mr. Orcutt's specimens are from Hanson's Ranch, not far beyond the California boundary. The grass, perhaps, may extend into the state, but is not known to do so. Pappophorum Wrightii Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 18:178. This Mexican grass is credited to "Los Angeles, Cal.," by Dr. Beal11 on 511 Palmer of 1887. Dr. Palmer's specimens were 3 Shear, W. C, Bull. U. S. Div. Agrost., 23:63. 4 Jepson. W. I,. Eryth., 6:103. 5 Scribner, F. I,. Am. Grasses, 3d ed. 1: 25 6 Coville; F. V. Death Val. Rep. 215. 7 Scribner, F. I,, in lit. 8 Vasey, G. Grasses S. W. 25. 9 Vasey, G. in lit. 10 Beal, W. J. 1. c. 2: 210. 11 Beal, W. J., 1. c, 2:448. H2 Errors in Southern California Plants. [zoe collected at Los Angeles Bay, on the gulf coast of Lower Califor- nia. Muhlenbergia gracius Trin. Unif.. 193. By a confusion of names this grass was included in Mr. Bran- degee's list of Santa Catalina plants," M. debilis Trin. (M. mzcro- sperma Trin.) being intended. M. gradlis is not known from the southern part of the state. Orcuttia Caufornica Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club, 13: 219. This species has been reported as extending into California," but I cannot find that there are any specimens from the American side of the boundary. All those in the National Herbarium are from Lower California. Sisyrinchium Caufornicum Ait. f. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 4:135. 5*. lineatum Torr. is a synonym of this species, and in his note on it, Dr. Torrey states that it was "first detected by Dr. Parry, who found it near San Diego."14 The type, however, is a speci- men collected by Dr. Parry, in April, 1850, in Monterey County, which is still preserved in the herbarium of Columbia University.15 No representative of his San Diego plant is known to be in ex- istence, nor have subsequent collectors met with the species so far south. There are numerous errors in the reported stations of Dr. Parry's plants, and that of San Diego for this one is probably to be included among them. Monterey County may be regarded as the authentic southern limit, so far as our present information goes. Urtica Breweri Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 348. Los Angeles, is the type-station of this species, and the type is 95 Brewer, in the Gray herbarium. On the label is the note: "Everywhere in waste places about Los Angeles." In recent years Los Angeles has been the residence of several zealous botanists who have diligently sought to rediscover Brewer's plant, but without success. It is probable, therefore, that Brewer was in error as to its supposed abundance, having mis- taken, perhaps, the common U. holoseticea Nutt. for it. Whether his type really came from Los Angeles is also open to doubt. The 12 Brandegee, T. S. Zoe, 1:115. 13 Scribner. F. t,. Am. Grasses, 3d ed., 1: 234. 14 Torrey, J. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 13. 15 Bickneli, E. P. Bull. Torr. Club, 27: 376. vol. 5] Errors in Southern California Plants. 113 nearest subsequent collection is that made at the Mt. Whitney- Meadows, by Coville & Funston.16 The plant appears to belong to higher altitudes than that of Los Angeles. Chortzanthe spinosa Watson, Bot. Cal. 2:^81. The type-specimen is noted as collected "near San Bernardino, by Lemmon." It really came from the Mojave Desert, where it has been obtained since by several botanists. Atriplex Parryi Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 17:378. A specimen said to have been collected by Dr. Parry ' 'near Colton" is the type of this species. Dr. Parry's plant was col- letecd at Lancaster, in the Mojave Desert. Kochia Caufornica Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 17:378. One of the types of this species, also, is noted as collected "near Colton, by Parry," but like the last came really from Lancaster. Both plants are characteristic desert species, and are not rare in the Mojave Desert. CIvAdothrix cryptantha Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 26:125. Dr. Parry's 274 of 1881, a part of the type of this species, is another distinctively desert plant erroneously stated to have been collected "at Colton." Dr. Parry obtained it in the eastern part of the Colorado Desert. Lupinus microcarpus Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2413. There is a specimen of this plant in the Gray herbarium, labeled "? Thurber, San Diego," which appears to be the principal evidence of its existence in southern California. Certainly it is not "frequent," as noted by Brewer and Watson in the Botany of California. Dai/ea CaufornicA Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11:132. The original description of this species cites as the type 1 'scanty specimens recently collected by Dr. Parry in the San Bernardino Mountains," and in the Botany of California17 the locality is given more definitely as "dry washes in the San Ber- nardino Mountains, near Cajon Pass." In reality Dr. Parry's type was collected on the borders of the Colorado Desert, a few miles east of Banning. The plant, an intricately branched 16 Coville, F. V. Death Val. Rep. i95. 17 Brewer & Watson, Bot. Cal., 1:143. H4 Errors in Southern California Plants. [zoE shrub, 2-6 ft. high, is frequent in dry washes of the desert along the eastern base of the San Bernardino Mountains, from the true type station to Byrne's Spring, at 1,000-4,000 ft. alt. It does not grow in or near Cajon Pass. Astragalus Coui/teri Benth. PI. Hartw. 307. Parry and I^emmon's reported station for this plant, "on the Mojave River" is an error. Their specimens came from the sand- drifts about Whitewater Station, on the Colorado Desert, where the plant is abundant. It appears not to reach the higher al- titude of the Mojave Desert. Tribulus maximus Linn. Sp. PI. 386. The basis on which this species has been included in the Cali- fornian flora appears to be Dr. Torrey's note: "New River Region, Parry."19 If this was founded on more than a field-note of Parry's, the specimen probably has perished. There are no Californian specimens in either the Gray, Torre}*-, or National herbaria. Yet both this species and T. grandiflorus Benth. & Hook, may be expected confidently from the region indicated by Dr. Torrey. Bernardia myric^koua Watson, Bot. Cal. 2:70. This is a plant of the lower altitudes of the deserts. It certainly does not reach the "headwaters of the Mojave River," where Dr. Watson reports Parry andL,emmon as collecting it. They probably got it at Whitewater or Palm Springs, in the Colorado Desert. It may occur on the lower part of the Mojave River, but the}' made, I think, no collections so far down. Euphorbia SETiLOBAEngelm.: Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 5:364. Dr. Watson gives "San Bernardino, Parry," as a station for this plant."0 This is an error; Dr. Parry probably got this strict- ly desert Euphorbia in its type neighborhood, Ft. Yuma, where it has been collected by several other botanists. Cereus giganteus Engelm. Emory's Rep. 159. This species was inserted in the "Additions and Corrections" at the end of the second volume of the Botany of California, but, 18 Watson. S. Bot. Cal. 2:441. 19 Torrey J. Bot. Mex. Bound, 22:42. 20 Watson, S. Bot. Cal. 2:73. vol. 5] Errors in Southern California Plants. 115 apparently, without any authority. Dr. Coulter includes it in the State flora on "149 Wright "n This specimen is in the Gray herbarium, and, as the label shows, was collected in 1880 by Mr. W. G. Wright, in "Arizona." 22 It is almost certain that this species does not cross the Colorado River. Opuntia rutila Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1:555. The only southern California report for this opuntia is based on a collection by Bigelow, in 1853-4. It was made "west of the great Colorado, near the Mojave Creek,"23 and became the type of O. erinacea Engelm. & Bigel., a species subsequently re- cognized as identical with Nuttall's earlier O. rutila.2i The nearest collections since Bigelow's time are those of Coville and Fuuston, in the Panamint and White Mts.,25 but the species may be expected with confidence from the Providence Mts., when these come to be explored thoroughly. Opuntia Davisii Engelm. & Bigel.; Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:305. This is reported from California by Dr. Coulter on a specimen by "Parish, of 1880. "2B It is not in theEngelmann herbarium, to which all my earlier collections of Cactaceae were sent, nor can I find other trace of it. It must have been from the eastern part of the Colorado Desert; unless a form of O. echinocarpa has been mistaken for the present species. Opuntia Whipplei, Engelm. & Bigel.; Engelm. Proc. Am. Acad. 3:307, Dr. Coulter reports this opuntia as collected by Agassiz, at San Diego.27 It certainly does not grow near San Diego, and if it grows anywhere in the state, which it is not known to do, it probably would be on the eastern borders of the Colorado Desert. Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4.51. This species is added to the California Flora by Dr. Coulter28 on 1493 Coville & Funston. But this number was collected at 21 Coulter, J. M. Contrib. V. S. Herb. 2:407. 22 Fernald, M. t,. in lit. 23 Engelmann & Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4:44. 24 Engelmann, G. Simpson's Rep. 442. 25 Coville, F. V. Death Val. Rep. 114, &c. 26 Coulter, J. M. 1. c. 445. 27 Coulter. J. M. 1. c. 450. 28 Coulter. J. M. 1. c. 454. n6 Errors in Southern California Plants. [zoE Beaver Dam, Utah, and all the collection of this cactus made by the Death Valley expedition were in Utah or Nevada. 29 Erythr^a trichantha Griseb. Gent. 146. Schumacher is reporte d to have collected this plant on Santa Catalina Island,30 but subsequent collectors there have not found it. There is no specimen from Schumacher, or any Santa Cata- lina specimen, in the Gray herbarium, and the authenticated range of the plant does not indicate its presence on the island. Erythr^a FI.ORIBUNDA Benth. PI. Hartw. 322. This has been reported from the mountains of San Diego County, by Mr. Orcutt;31 but a specimen of his, so labeled, is E. Douglasii Gray. Convolvulus Caejfornicus Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9.405. This plant is mentioned in Mr. I^yon's paper on Santa Cata- lina,32 but there appear to be no specimens in existence from him, and others have not found it on the island. Mr. Icon's plant may have been a form of C. occidentalis Gray. Giua dkmissa Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:263. The type-region of this species is "S. E. California, and adjacent parts of Arizona," In the Botany of California the supposed California station is "Ft. Mojave, Dr. Cooper."33 While I am unable to find any evidence of the actual collection of specimens in the state, I have no doubt that it yet will be found in the north-eastern part of San Bernardino County. I^EMMONiA Caufornica Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12:162. Mr. I/emmon's type is reported to have been collected at "Bear Valley Creek, on the headwaters of the Mojave River." Bear Creek, which drains the valley of the same name, is a tributary of the Santa Ana River, on the intramontane slope of the mountains, and Lemmonia is not found on it. This is a desert plant, and grows, in dry open soil, along the desert base of the San Bernardino Mts. from Cajon Pass to Cox's Ranch, at altitudes between 3,000 and 4,000 feet. And here the Lemmon collection, no doubt, was made. 29 Coville, F. V. 1. c. 112, 277. 30 Watson, S. Bot. Cal. 2:464. 31 Orcutt, C. R. Fl. S. & L. Cal. 7. 32 Lyon, W. S. Bot. Gag. 31:31.4 33 Gray, A. in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1:489. VOL. 5] Errors in Southern California Plants. 117 Amsinckia lycopsoidks Lelim.; DC. Prodr. 10: 117, and A. tessei^ata Gray, Proc. Ara. Acad. 10: 54. Both these species are included in Mr. Brandegee's Santa Catalina list;34 but the specimens, which he has kindly sent me, seem to be A. spectabilis F. & M., the only species I have seen, as yet, from southern California. Monardeixa hypcxceuca Gray, Syn. Fl. 11. 1:356. The type-locality is given as "S. E. California, San Bernardino ' Co., Parry & Lemmon.'' The label of the type-specimen, in the Gray herbarium, does not show where it was collected, but the locality quoted above is certainly an error. The plant is a coast species, and has been collected at San Diego, by Orcutt, and at San Juan Hot Springs, by Nevm. Physaus muriculata Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 209. The type of this species came from San Quintin, in L,ower California, and Dr. Rydberg identifies with it a specimen from ''River Side, Parry, 1882."S5 There is, lam informed, a River- side Mt. on the Colorado River, below Yuma, and on the Cali- fornia side of it, and from this region one reasonably might sup- pose Dr. Parry's plant would come. It is certain, however, that he did not visit this mountain in his later years. I am inclined to believe the specimen to be one which he collected in the spring of 1882, on the northern extremity of the arid range of hills which separate Reche Canon from the plain on which the well-known town of Riverside is situated. The writer has sought to redis- cover it here, but without success. Dr. Parry was unable, at the time, to identify this plant with any then described species. In view of the conditions which determine the distribution of the southern California flora, it is highly improbable that a peninsular species should re-appear at the place above indicated, and as Dr. Parry's plant differs, according to Dr. Rydberg, in some points from Dr. Greene's type, it is perhaps not properly referable to it. Physaus Wrightii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 63. Dr. Rydberg gives this from California on specimens collected by Buckminster, and two of L,emmon's, No. 294, and No. 10 of 34 Brandegee, T. S. Zoe, 1:114. 35 Rydberg, P. A. Mem. Torr. Club, 4: 353. ri8 Errors in Southern California Plants. [zoe; i88o.'6 But Buckminster's specimens were collected in the Patagonia Mts. of southern Arizona,37 and Lemmon's Nos. 10 and 94 (not 294) were collected at Tucson, Ariz., in August, 1880. Cham^saracha Coronopus Gray, in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1.540. The range of this species is extended to California by Rydberg38 on specimens by W. F. Parish, of 1884, which, however, were collected in Arizona. Pentstemon Clevelandi Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 94. This is a plant of low altitudes in the canons of the mountains bordering the Colorado Desert. Parry & Lemmon's collection of it, erroneously cited "fromnear San Bernardino,"39 probably came from Palm Springs, or thereabouts. PentstEmon i^tus Gray, Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7:147. Wallace is said to have collected this "near I^os Angeles,"40 but it is doubtful if it occurs so far south, or at such a low altitude. Blue flowered forms of P. heterophyllus Lindl. have been taken for it by some recent collectors, and are abundant at Elizabeth Lake, Sand Creek and elsewhere. Mimulus Pa^meri Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12:82. "On theMojave River, Palmer" is the type-locality given for this plant. It is species of wet meadows in the San Bernardino Mts., at 5,000 to 6,5000 ft. alt., and in some of these Dr. Palmer must have collected his type. Orthocarpus lasiorhynchus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 82. The same type-locality as above is given for this species; it has the same range, and the same correction applies to it also. Orthocarpus Parishii Gray, Pro. Am. Acad. 17: 229. The type-station of this species, erroneously given as "San Jacinto Mts.," should be: Meadows near Stonewall Mine, in the Cuyamaca Mts. Sambucus Canadensis Mexicana Sargent, Sylva 5:38. S. Mexicana Presl in DC. Prodr. 4:328. Authors give this tree a range, in the United States, from 36 Rydberg, P. A. 1. c. 331. 37 Greene, E. Ir. Bull. Torr. Club, 9:112. 38 Rydberg-, P. A. 1. c. 371. 39 Gray, A. Syn. Fl. II. 1:265. 40 Gray, A. in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1:561. VOL. 5] Errors in Southern California Plants. 119 southern Mexico and Arizona to southern California. S. velutina Dur. & Hilg., which is usually reduced to a synonym of 5. Mexicana, extends from Pose Creek, in the southern part of the San Joaquin Valley, as far north as, perhaps, Plumas County.42 I do not, however, find any evidence of its existence between the Tehachipi Pass and the south-eastern boundary; a remark- able hiatus if the above identification is well founded; nor is the genuine 6*. Mexicana known to reach California. Megarrhiza Marah Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 138. This has been reported from Santa Catalina Island as collected by Baker43 and by Lyon.44 But Baker's specimen, in the Gray herbarium, is a mere sterile scrap, and I^yon's is not in existence. Probably their plants were Echinocystis macrocarpa Greene. Calycoseris Parryi Gray, in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bonnd. 106. The type-locality of this species was given as "Mountains east of Monterey." It is, however, a strictly desert plant, and its range, as correctly stated in the Synoptical Flora, is from the Colorado Desert to Utah. Krigeron corymbostjs Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 308. This is reported as collected by Dr. Cooper on "the eastern slope of Providence Mountain."45 The specimen is said to be in- complete and it is hardly possible that this northern plant should occur in that desert range. I^ayia carnosa Torr. & Gray, Fl. 2: 394. Nuttall is said to have collected this plant "on the sands of the sea-beach, at San Diego." Either it has become extinct at that place, or th^re is a mistake as to Nuttall's locality. In recent times botanists have found it on sea-beaches from Marin County as far south only as Monterey.46 Ch^nactis heterocarpha, Gray, PI. Fendl. 98. The Synoptical Flora gives this plant a range from I^ake to San Bernardino County. The southernmost specimen in the 41 Gray, A. Syn. Fl. I. a;g. 42 Greene, E. L. Fl. Franc. 342. 43 Brewer & "Watson, Bot. Cal. 1:241. 44 Lyon, W S. Bot. Gaz. 11:333. 45 Gray, A. in Brewer & Watson, Bot. Cal. 1: 329. 46 Greene, K. L. Fl. Franc. 429. I2O Errors in Southern California Plants. [zoE Gray herbarium is from Santa Clara River, in Ventura County, and there is no evidence that it extends further south. Pectis papposa Harv. & Gray; Gray, PI. Fendl. 62. Dr. Watson quotes "Rattlesnake Island, harbor of San Diego> W. J. Fisher," as a station for this species, referring for authority to Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 7:i62.47 Dr. Kellogg's note at this place is appended to his character of Tribulus Fisheti, a plant from Agiabampo, below Guaymas, Mexico, and the Pectis presumably came from some San Diego in that region. There is no "Rattlesnake Island" in the harbor of the Calitornian San Diego. Pectis papposa, however, has been collected at several places in the south-western part of the Colorado Desert. Pectis punctata Jacq. Stirp. Am. t. 128. The Synoptical Flora credits this to southern California by an evident typographical error for Lower California. There is a specimen in the Gray herbarium from Cape San Lucas, but none from the state of California. Artemisia Parishii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 220. The second station, "Cajon Pass," given in the original de- scription is an error. The plant has been found, as yet, only at Newhall. Cnicus Drummondii Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19:40. The writer recently noted the presence of this species at Warner's Ranch, having mistaken for it specimens of C. Hallii Gray. The variety acaulescens is common in the mountains of southern California, but the species itself apparently does not reach them. 47 Watson, S. Bot. Cal. 2:458. vol. 5] Notes on Algce. 121 NOTES ON ALG^E. I. ALBERT SETCHELL. The writer published in the late journal Erythea, three sets of "Notes on Cy anophyceae." He now proposes to continue these with the addition of material drawn from all groups, under the above heading. He will attempt in this connection to give occasional accouuts of what is being done in the way of increas- ing our knowledge of the Algae of the Pacific Coast, in particu- lar, both in the way of discoveries and published accounts or specimens. Laminaria ephemera Setchell mss. Plant vernal, apparently disappearing in the early summer. Holdfast discoid or nearly so, small. Stipe slender, 2 to 16 cm. in length, terete below, sometimes slightly flattened above, without mucilage ducts. Blade narrow, linear to linear-obovate in general outline, narrow- ly cuneate at the base when young, but rounded and almost cordate when older, split deeply longitudinally into from two to several narrow divisions, and reaching a length of 60 cm., with- out any sign of mucilage ducts. Sori covering the blade, in more or less longitudinal lines (vittate in appearance in some specimens), extending up from a solid basal portion, with ordinary Laminarioid paraphyses and sporangia. Carmel Bay, Monterey County, California, Mrs. J. M. Weeks!, C. P. Nott!; April to June. HEDOPHYL/L/QM gen. nov. Laminacearum Setchell mss. Plants at first like Laminarias of the digitate section, with holdfasts and very short stipes soon becoming attached to the substratum through hapteres given off from the decumbent, expanding, basal margins, which in one species become decidedly thickened. Blade at first simple, becoming more and more digitate as it in- creases in diameter, at times more or less cucullate, but without auricles at the bases of the segments. Hedophyllum sessile (Ag.) Setchell mss. Fronds ample, bases not thickened, the blades becoming absolutely sessile on the rocks, 30 to 50 cm. long, the surfaces either perfectly smooth or with irregular bullate swellings scattered over them in 122 Notes on Algce. [zoe the case of those plants growing near high-water mark. Stipe of the young plant very short and much flattened, soon disap- pearing. Blade at first ovate and entire, soon splitting deeply, even to the very base, and becoming decidedly cucullate, with frequent, large mucilage ducts. Sorus unknown. More or less common on smooth rocks, in the littoral zone, on exposed shores from Fort Ross, Sonoma County, California, to Puget Sound. Fort Ross, W. A. Setchell!; Trinidad, Cali- fornia, C. M. Drake!; Esquimalt, British Columbia, Dr. Lyall (jide Harvey), W. A. Setchell!; Victoria, British Columbia, Miss J. E. Tilden!; Whidby Island, Washington, N. L. Gardner! This species is the Laminaria sessilis Ag. and the L. apoda Harv. It has been distributed under No. 344, Tilden, American Algae (under the name of Laminaria sessilis) and under No. VIII, Phycotheca Boreali-Americana (under the name of Hedo- phyllum sessile). Hedophyllum subsessile (Aresch.) Setchell mss. Frond ample, 60 to 75 cm. long and, in the adult condition much broad- er than long. Young plant provided with a normal holdfast, with branching hapteres and a short, stout, somewhat flattened stipe. Blade of the young plant at first narrow and simple, then broader and divided, with at length cordate base and marginal rows of bullate swellings. In the older plant, the base of the blade becomes more and more cordate, even to reniform, the basal margins begin to thicken and give rise to hapteres which attach the thickened bases to the substratum, the central portion of the blade dies away clear to the base and there is left two separated, partial blades, each borne at the extremity of a thickened basal margin which resembles very closely a running rootstock, and has been so described by Areschoug. Segments of the blade broader or narrower, somewhat cucullate at the base, but without auricles, and with large and frequent mucilage ducts. Sorus unknown. The writer's specimens came from the Island of Amaknak in Unalaska Bay, and the species is probably common throughout the Aleutian Islands. Areschoug does not say whence his speci- mens of this plant was obtained, except that the inference is that vol. 5] Notes on Algce. 123 they came from either Bering Island or Sitka. The writer has seen young specimens, seeming to be this species, from the Pacific shores of .Alaska, but they were not characteristic and he does not feel certain that they really belong here. This species seems to be the Hafgygia Bongardiana f. subsessilis of Areschoug (Obs. Phyc, IV, p. 5) as far as one can tell from a description. Areschoug especially mentions the conglobated hapteres and the root-stocks emitting leaves from their apices, so characteristic of our plant. PlyKUROPHYCUS gen. nov. Laminacearzim, Setchellet Saun- ders mss. Frond I^aminarioid, with evident holdfast, stipe and blade, the lamina provided with a single, percurrent, median, shallow midrib-like furrow (prominent on one surface and indented on the other), without perforations or auricles. Pleurophycus Gardneri Setchell et Saunders mss. Holdfast of two or three whorls of more or less irregularly dichotomously branched, fairly stout hapteres. Stipe about 35 cm. in length, terete at the base, becoming decidedly flattened above, with medul- la elliptical in cross:section above, and without mucilage ducts. Blade 70 to 100 cm. long, and 20 to 25 cm. wide in the middle portion, more or less wedge-shaped at the base, "midrib" about 3 cm. in width, and margins more or less ruffled or even, at times, conspicuously reticulately rugose. The blade is thin, with pro- portionately wide medullary layer and frequent, large mucilage ducts. Sorus confined to the midrib portion, on both surfaces of the blade, extending at times from the base to near the apex. Para- physes and sporangia similar to those of species of Laminaria. First found by N. I,. Gardner, in the summer of 1898, on the shores of Whidby Island, Wash, and by MissJ. E. Tilden, on San Juan Island, Washington; from both of which places, the writer has seen specimens. It has been found, also, at Yakutat Bay, Alaska, by De Alton Saunders. It seems to grow in the upper part of the sublittoral zone in exposed localities. Iridaea oblongifructa Setchell mss. Frond ample, up to 5 or 6 cm. in length, cuneate at the base, narrowed into a short flat- tened stipe, and attached by a fairly conspicious fleshy disk, from which several fronds may spring; color deep red; substance soft 124 Notes on Alg thickly placed together in no regular order, but giving the sur- face a hieroglyphic sort of effect and occuring only on one surface of the plant. Tetrasporangia 2 to 4 (tripartitely) parted, sur- rounded by branched multicellular paraphyses which excrete an abundant jelly. Cystocarps sparsely scattered over both surfaces of the frond, prominent on one surface, hemispherical, without coronal processes; carpostome small and inconspicuous, apical; spore mass globular, not lobed, composed of compacted angular spores, with a distinct placenta below imbedded in -the loose and regular network of filaments surrounding the spore cavity. Whidbj7 Island, Washington, N. L. Gardner!', first collected in the summer of 1898. To be distinguished from the preceding species by the less lobed and not laciniate frond, the lack of a corona on the cystocarp, and the different form and arrangement of the sori. Odonthalia dentata I^yngb. This northern species, credited to the coast of California, but notmetwithby more recent collectors, has been sent to the writer from Trinidad, Humboldt County, by Mr. C. M. Drake. It is abundant in the Puget Sound region. Bornetia secundiflora ( J. Ag.) Thuret. Tetrasporic specimens of this almost exclusively Mediterranean species were found in small quantity, in March, 1897, growing on rocks near a beach, in the vicinity of Pacific Grove, California, by Mrs. J. M. Weeks. While the determination may not be absolutely certain in the absence of cystocarpic specimens, yet the structure of the tetra- 126 Notes on Algce. [zoe sporic plant seems sufficiently characteristic to allow it to be reckoned among the members of our Californian algal flora, to which we may expect to see added still other species of Southern Europe siEodes niiidissima J. Ag. The membranous Rhodophycese, both larger and smaller, of the Pacific Coast of North America present many problems of identity, which have occupied the attention and taken much of the time of the writer for several years, The various forms and species of Dilsea, Grateloupia, Callymenia, Iridsea, etc., are very perplexing to unravel. One of the largest and most beautiful of these is the plant referred to the New Zealand species, sEodes nitidisshna, which is abundant, at times, near Pacific Grove, and also near San Pedro, California. The frond has the shape of the typical Iridcea laminarioides, is rather softer and brighter red. purple; more like that described for /. punicea, but which has the cystocarps and tetrasporangia of one of the Grateloupiacese. Some fronds reach a length of nearly a meter, and a breadth of from 25 to 30 cm. Both tetra- sporic and cystocarpic specimens are frequent in the collections made and sent to the writer. This species was first collected on the beaches- in the vicinity of Pacific Grove, by Mrs. J. M. Weeks, in September and November, 1897, an<^ later collections were made by the writer in May, 1898. Miss S. P. Monks col- lected it on the beaches at San Pedro, also, in 1897: All the specimens, seen by the writer, were cast ashore, in the autumn and in the spring, after heavy storms. The Californian specimens have been compared by Professor Farlow and the writer, with New Zealand specimens sent out by Professor Agardh, himself, and apparently of the original col- lection, in Herb. Farlow. sEodes nitidissima, then, is the third species of the same region of the southern hemisphere to be detected on our shores; the others being, Rhodoglossum polycar- pum (Harv.) J. Ag. and Nitophylluvi Harveyanum J. Ag. It seems likely that there are others to be discovered: Dilsea pygmsea Setchell mss. Fronds biform, consisting of a prostrate and an erect portion. Prostrate frond tightly adherent to the substratum, at first orbicular, then more or less lobed at the vol. 5] Notes on Algce. 127 periphery, finally dying away at the center, but the margins continuing to grow and to extend, reaching a diameter of from 30 to 40 cm., thick, dull red in color, distinctly zonate, the erect fronds arising at the margins in considerable numbers, but be- coming intramarginal as growth proceeds; structure of the pros- trate frond of rounded colorless thin-walled cells which become narrower and more elongated above. Erect frond gregarious, short (up to 8 cm. in length), at first obovate and entire, later usually divided, even to the very base, into several narrow, cuneate or spatulate segments; color dark red to almost black above, lighter below. Tetraspores and cystocarps unknown. Gregarious on boulders along the beach -near Helmet Rock, band's End, San Francisco, in the middle of the littoral zone. Distributed as Sarcophyllis Californica f. pygmcza Setchell, in Col- lins, Holden, and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer., No. 396. It is very similar to Dilsea Californica (J. Ag.) Schmitz, but is smaller, thicker, and with characteristic horizontal thallus. Constantinea simplex Setchell mss. Low, simple or once forked, solitary or, at times, decidedly gregarious; stem 2 to 6 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. in diameter, stout, annulate with the scars of fallen blades, the scars crowded, there being always much less than the diameter of the stem between any two adjacent ones. Blade, one, or occasionally two, on the same stem or branch, orbicular, 6 to 12 cm. in diameter, thick, fleshy, dull red, either entire, or. soon splitting, more or less deeply, into several seg- ments, the new blade appearing as a delicate saucer-shaped mem- brane in the center of the old one and gradually expanding and thickening. Tetrasporangia in irregular, extended, more or less confluent nemathecia or sori, which form a distinct zone from the margin towards the center, about two-thirds of the radius, zonate (with more or less oblique divisions) scattered among simple, slender, more or less clavate, unicellular paraphyses. Cysto- carps closely crowded, in a zone similar in extent to that occupied by the sori; centripetal, in development, situated in the inner cortex of the upper surface of the blade, opening outward through the outer cortex of the upper surface by small pores, with gonimolobes confluent at maturity and separated slightly by L 128 Notes on Algce. [zoe strings of sterile cells, provided with a curved multicellular pedi- cel, spores in strings, large and angular. Growing upon rocks and stones, in the lowest portion of the littoral and the upper portion of the sublittoral zones, and cast ashore. Santa Cruz, Dr. C. L. Anderson!, Mrs. J. M. Weeks!; Pacific Grove, Mrs. J. M. Weeks!, W. A. Setchell!; Land's End, San Francisco, W. A. Setchell!; Dillon's Beach, Marin County, California, W. A. Setchell and R. E. Gibbs!; Fort Ross, Sonoma County, California. W. A. Setchell and C. P. Nott! Specimens of this species were apparently referred to C. Sitchensis P. and R. by J. G. Agardh and by Farlow, and speci- mens were distributed under this name in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, Algae Amer., Bor. Exsiccatae, No. 148, and in Collins; Hblden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Amer., No. 150. WEEKSIA gen. nov. Dumontiacearum Setchell mss. Frond similar in habit to that of Callymenia, orbicular to reniform, from a short stipe and discoid holdfast, proliferating from the margins and thus producing new blades similar in shape and behavior to the original, consisting of three layers: a medullary layer of coarser and finer filaments, much intertwined, and two cortical layers, each consisting of large, rounded, colorless cells within, and outer small colored cells arranged in short filaments vertical to the surfaces. Tetrasporangia unknown. Cystocarps scattered through the frond, immersed (lying in the medullary layer, beneath a small opening through the cortex which is. not at all prominent) with the spore-mass reniform, not distinctly lobed, provided with a curved pedicel composed of several cells (on its inner side) from which arise branching filaments whose outer cells develop into spores. A genus with the habit of Callymenia, but the cystocarp of the Dumontiaceae as understood by Schmitz. Named in honor of Mrs. J. M. Weeks, an indefatigable and discriminating collector of our Algae, who first detected and insisted upon the distinctness of the only species. Weeksia reticulata Setchell mss. Frond ample, broadly reni- form up to 30 cm. in diameter, of a rose pink to a dark red color, soft and fleshy, adhering well to paper when drying, with many t VOL. 5] Hepaticae in Northern Alaska. 129 radiating broad indistinct veins which are more plainly seen below, and which anastomose forming a distinct reticulation which becomes indistinct above and towards the margins. Tetrasporangia unknown. Cystocarps thickly scattered through the frond. A rather rare plant, cast ashore from deep water on several beaches near Pacific Grove, where it has been found by Mrs. J. M. Weeks, M. A. Howe, De Alton Saunders, and the writer. HEPATICAE COLLECTED BY WILLIAM A. SETCHELL IN NORTHERN ALASKA. BY ALEXANDER W. EVANS. The Hepaticae noted in the following list were collected during the summer of 1899. Most of the specimens came from the island of Unalaska, but a few were gathered on the island of St. Micheal and a few on the mainland, at Cape Nome. In the writer's recent report on the Alaska Hepaticae collected by the Harriman ex- pidition, 82 species are accredited to the Territory.1 Gymno- mitrium crenulatum Gottsche, a species formerly known from Europe only,has since been added by Herr Stephani;2 and, in the present list, Aneura -major and Jungermannia caespiticia are re- ported as Alaskan for the first time. These 3 species increase the total number to 85. Marchantiaceae. 1. Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. Unalaska (1015, 1031, in part). 2. Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees. Unalaska (1017). 3. Marchantia polymorpha L. Unalaska (1021, 1036). Metzgeriaceae. 4. Aneura major (Nees.) Aneura mzdtifida, var. major Nees, Naturgesch. Eur. Leberm. 3:450. 1838. Riccardia Major Lindb. Muse. Scand. 5. 1879. Unalaska (1023). New to Alaska. 1 Proc. Wash. A.cad Sci. 2: 290. 1900. 2 Bull, de l'Herb. Boissier, II, 1: 143. 1901. 130 Hepaticae in Northern Alaska. [zoe Dr. Howe3 has recently reported this species from California, and the Alaska specimens, although very fragmentary, agree closely with plants which he quotes (Hep. Amer. No. 26). They agree also with specimens from Sweden collected by Dr. Arnell. Ju ngerman n iaceae. 5. MarsupEi^a emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. Unalaska (1024). 6. Nardia haematosticta (Nees) L,indb. Unalaska (1018); Cape Nome (2502). 7. Jungermannia caespiticia kindenb. Syn. Hep. Eur. 67, pi. r, f. 1-8. 1829. Aplozia caespiticia Dumort. Hep. Eur. 61.1874. Cape Nome (2501). New to America. Dioicous: pale yellowish-green, caespitose, S and 9_ plants mixed in the same tuft, stems closely prostrate with numerous whitish rhizoids, ascending at the tips, mostly simple but often innovating below the perianth and occasionally bearing a lateral branch: leaves imbricated, concave, obliquely inserted, broadly orbicular, rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex, slightly decurrent at antical base, margins entire or subcrenulate from projecting cells: leaf-cells with very thin walls, scarcely or not at all thickened at the angles; walls of marginal cells sometimes uniformly thickened along free edge of leaf; cuticle smooth underleaves wanting: leaves of 9 stems passing gradually into the bracts; innermost bracts similar to the leaves but broader and irregularly sinuate on the margins; bracteoles 1 or 2 in number or wanting, ovate to ligulate, entire; perianth obovate and gradually narrowed to a contracted, minutely crenulate mouth, obtusely 4 to 5 keeled in upper part, 1 cell thick except in basal fourth; archegonia about 6: $ bracts mostly in 2 to 5 pairs, similar to the leaves but a little smaller and more concave, some- times bearing a small bluntly pointed tooth near the antical base; antheridia borne singly or in pairs on short stalks; capsule spherical, purple, borne on a short stalk and tearing the perianth irregularly upon emerging; spores minutely verruculose, brown- ish-red: elaters bispiral, bluntly pointed. Stems 0.35 mm. in diameter, robust leaves 0.6X0.8 mm., leaf- cells at edge of leaf 32 /a in diameter, in the middle 35 p and 3 Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 7:72.1899. VOL. 5] Hepaticae in Northern Alaska. 131 at the base 55X35 /*, innermost o bracts 1X1.4 mm., perianth 1.7X1 mm., spores 10 //, in diameter. Jungermannia caespiticia is a well known European species and probably has an extensive range in the northern parts of America. It nearest relatives are perhaps J. sphaerocarpa Hook., which is already known from Alaska, and Nardia crenulata (Sm.) I^indb., which is to be expected in the southern parts of the Territory. In J- sphaerocarpa the inflorescence is monoicous in- stead of dioicous, and the leaf-cells have distinct though some- times minute trigones; the cells moreover are smaller than in J. caespiticia, averaging *in a Swedish specimen collected by Dr. Arnell, 21 yu. on the edge of the leaf, 23 /*. in the middle and 30X23 /a at the base. In Nardia crenulata (which might very justly be retained in. Jungermannia?), the 9 bracts are slightly adherent to the base of the perianth, and the leaves or, at any rate, the bracts are distinctly bordered with a single row of large thick- walled cells. The cuticle of this species also is minutely striate- verruculose. 8. Jungermannia atrovirens Dumort. Unalaska (1022, 1026). 9. Lophozia incisa (Schrad.) Dumort. Cape Nome (mixed with 2500). 10. IyOPHOZiA iNPivATA (Huds.) M. A. Howe. St. Michael (1801). 11. Lophozia attenuata (I,indenb.) Dumort. Unalaska (mixed with 1030). 12. IyOPHOZiA Floerkii (Web. & Mohr) Schiffn. Unalaska (mixed with 1016). 13. Plagiochila asplenioides (L.) Dutnort. Unalaska (1030). 14. Chiloscyphus polyanthos (Iy.) Corda. Unalaska (mix- ed with 1021). 15. Cephai,ozia divaricata (Sm.) Dumort. Unalaska (mixed with 1016). The specimens show ° flowers with occasionally an immature perianth. On some of the stems, the upper leaves are more than one cell thick near the base and occasionally exhibit on the outer 132 Hepaticae in Northern Alaska. [zoe surface cellular projections in the form of irregular and rudimentary ridges, lamellae or spines. These peculiarities indicate an approach to the recently proposed C. asperifolia C. Jensen from Greenland4 but they are so inconstant and so slightly marked in the Alaskan plants that these should hardly be ^ r separated from C divaricata. The writer is led to this con- clusion partly through the examination of Dr. Howe's'variety scabrci? of this most variable species. In the extreme forms of this Californian variety, the leaves are distinctly spinose on the back, and 3Tet these forms are connected with typical smooth- leaved C. divaricata by intermediate conditions. 16. Blepharostoma trichophyixum (I,.) Dumort. Unalaska (mixed with 1017 and 1038). 17. Antheua julacea (I,.) Dumort. Unalaska (1029.) 18. Ptiudium ciuare (I,.) Nees. Unalaska (1034, 1037); St. Michael (1800, 1802.) 19. Diplophylleia taxifolia (Wahl. ) Dumort. Unalaska (1038); Cape Nome (mixed with 2500 and 2502). 20. Scapania. unduIvATA (~L,.) Dumort. Unalaska (1019 and 1020, a large purple form; 1035, a green form.) 21. Scapania curta (Mart.) Dumort. Unalaska (1016). Immature specimens from St. Michael (1803 and 1804) are also doubtfully referred to this species. 22. Radula Bolanderi Gottsche. Unalaska (1025). 23. Radula complanata (I,.) Dumort. Unalaska (1027). 4 Medd. om Gronland, I5: 371. f. 15. 1898. The name of this species is not tenable, since there is an older C. asperifolia (Tayl.) Spruce (Hep. Amaz. et And. 508. 1885, foot- note) from the Madeira Islands (Jungermanma asperifolia Tayl. t,ond. Jour. Bot. 5: 277, 1846. Anthelia asperifolia Spruce, On Cephalozia, 83. 1882). 5 Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 7:129. 1899. Yale University. SOME CALIFORNIA PLANTS. J. W. CONGDON. (Mariposa, Cal.) ECHINOCYSTIS IN CALIFORNIA. The California species of Bchinocystis have long been recognized as unusually difficult to distinguish. This arises from the fact that the plants are very much alike in flowers, foliage and habit. They bloom in the early spring abundantly, but the fruit is often very scarce and scanty. It is frequently very difficult to identify the barren or scantily fruiting plants in June with the forms that furnished the blossoms. This is especially true where two or more species grow in the same neighborhood. Having been enabled during the last and present seasons to obtain for the first time really satisfactory materials, I trust readers may derive benefit from my observations. As a means of classifying our species, I recognize the value of Professor Greene's test of the shape of the corolla which so far as I know holds good throughout. I should, therefore, arrange and distinguish the California species known to me as follows: Corollas Rotate. E. fabacea Naud. Climbing over low trees or bushes, or trail- ing. Sterile flowers in small, scarcely branching racemes, green- ish white. Fruit globose or ovoid, i to 2 inches in diameter, usually two-celled and about 4 seeded. Seeds obovoid, some- what compressed. Var. agrestis trails on the ground, is much smaller and has smaller, scarcely prickly fruit. This species with its variety is common along the whole coast of California, and extends into the interior as far as the foothills. E. macrocarpa, Greene; seems to differ from the last, prin- cipally in the much larger fruit and the more numerous and differently shaped seeds. It belongs to the southern coast. 134 Some California Plants. [zoe E. inermis. Plant entirely glabrous, climbing high. Leaves large, thin, deeply-lobed, the lobes with large rounded sinuses. Sterile flowers bright white in divaricately branching panicles 6 to 8 inches long. Fruit globular, 2 inches in diameter, very weakly muricate, 4-celled, cells i-seeded. Seeds oblong-obovoid, scarcely at all compressed. So far, only found at Sherlocks, Mariposa County, but it is very probably not rare in the foothills. Corollas Campanulate. E. Marah Kell. A luxuriant climber. Leaves very broad dark green. Corollas bright white, large for the genus. Sterile flowers in branching panicles 6 to 12 inches long. Fruits ovoid 3 to 4 inches long, tapering at both ends, weakly muricate, 2 to 3-celled, several to many-seeded. Seeds circu- lar, flattened, nearly an inch in diameter, a third of an inch thick in center, thinner on the edges. This species belongs to the coast region, around San Francisco Bay, and is especially marked by the peculiar seeds. E. horrida Congdon. Plant glabrous, climbing high. Leaves usually with short, triangular lobes and acute sinuses. Sterile flowers, bright white in elongated, scarcely branching racemes, 4 to 6 inches long. Fruit very large, ovoid or oblong-ovoid, rounded at the ends, 4 to 6 inches long and 2 to 3 inches in diameter, strongly muricate with stout spines, usually 4-celled, 8 to 10-seeded. Seeds oblong-ovoid with one end terete and the other decidedly compressed. This is the common species of our foothills, but it fruits so rarely, that it was not until last year that good fruit, sufficiently identified as belonging to this (with us) common species, was obtained. E. muricata Kell. This is a more slender species than any of the others, with smaller, usually sinuately lobed leaves. Flowers small white. Sterile flowers rather few in slender racemes. Fruit sometimes glabrous, usually muricate with a few weak spines. Seeds almost globular, half an inch or more in diameter. This species seems confined to the foothills north of Tuolumne County. The principal points upon which, as it seems to me, we can VOL. 5] Some California Plants. 135 rely in distinguishing the species, are the shape, size and (E. fabaced) the color of the corollas, the simple racemes or branch- ing panicles of the sterile flowers, and the shape of the seeds. The leaves show differences but they are not so clear nor ap- parently so reliable as the distinctions above noted. TWO NEW SPECIES. Hemizonia (Calycadenia) seciosa. Plant 2-4 feet high, very branching, with very slender, spreading, almost wholly glabrous, branches and branchlets. Tack-shaped glands few, principally on the tips of the very small leaves in the branchlets. Stem leaves narrowly linear, about an inch long, thickish, entire, usually puberulent, with strong white midvein. Heads not involucrate, solitary at the ends of the branchlets which are often 3 or 4 inches long, pale yellow, showy. Involucre consist- ing of 10-15, more or less, imbricated bracts, which are oblong varying to oblong-spatulate in shape, thickish and stiff in texture, with more or less glaucous bloom, the inner and larger series scarcely connate, abruptly truncate with cuspidate ciliate tips. Rays about 5, nearly an inch long. Disk flowers 10-20, infertile, without pappus. Akenes blackish, obovoid-triangular, somewhat curved, with wholly smooth but deeply wrinkled and pitted surfaces. A showy species, allied to H. truncata Gray, but very distinct. Open fields near Roseville, Cal. Muilla tenuis. Corm y2 inch in diameter, about an inch deep in the ground. Stem very slender with membrauace- ous sheaths at base, 6 to 12 inches high. Leaves filiform, of extreme tenuity, 3 to 6 inches long. Umbel 12-15-flow- ered. Pedicels very slender about an inch long. Bracts at base of umbel 4-6, 3-4 inches long, long-acuminate. Flowers about 2 lines in diameter, whitish. Sepals oblong, obtusish, the wide midvein of a yellowish brown. Filaments filiform. Anthers oval, versatile. Capsule depressed-globose, slightly 3-lobed. Seeds few, flattened on one side, irregularly angled. A very slender species differing from Mmaritima in the extreme slenderness of all its parts and the different sepals. Foothills, Raymond, April. SHORT ARTICLES. Plants Used for Poisoning Fish. Datisca glo?nerata Benth. & Hook, has recently been sent to the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences by Dr. J. W. Hudson of Ukiah with this note; "This plant grows in stony places along the banks of creeks and is somewhat rare in Mendocino County. It is called Weum Kali by the tribe of the Pomas, known as Yokaia, and is employed by these Indians to poison fish in the same manner as Amole (Chlorogalum Pomeridiamim Kunth.) or Turkey-mullein {Eremocarpus setigerus Benth.)" The Spanish name for the latter is Yerba del Pescado. The leaves and stems are dried and powdered and the powder is scattered in the streams. The fish are stupified and rise to the surface of the water so that they can be easily captured by the hands. According to Mr. C. H. Townsend, who was on the expedition to the South Sea Islands with Professor Alexander Agassiz in U. S. S. Albatross, the natives of the Tonga Islands have a plant which they use in a similar manner to catch the fish in the sea. Padre F. Manuel Blanco in Flora del Filipinas gives an ac- count of the use of Me?iispermum cocculus Iy. for the same pur- pose. The seeds of this plant are crushed and rubbed together with any species of cray-fish or mussel which the natives find on the beach. This is strewn in small pieces in the water. After twenty minutes the fish who have eaten of this mixture are either dead or dying and rise to the surface of the water, when they can be taken out with the hands. Fish killed in this way may be eaten without any harm as the old Padre himself proved by eating of the fish so killed. Alice Eastwood. Atriplex semibaccatum R. Br. in Marin County. This species of Atriplex has been introduced into cultivation in Cali- fornia through the Agricultural Experiment Stations of the University of California. Professor E. W. Hilgard, the head of the Agricultural College, has for years been trying to find plants that could be used as forage plants and which could be cultivated in the alkaline lands of this State. Through the kindness of Dr. vol. 5] Short Articles. 137 Ferd. von Mueller seeds of several species of Atriplex were re- ceived from Australia of wHich this proved to be the best. It was particularly successful at the station at Tulare and seeds raised there were distributed throughout California. There is a specimen in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences received from Mr. A. B. Leckenby who was at that time attached to the Kern County Land Company's Experiment Sta- tion at Bakersfield, and who raised the plants from seed received from the station at Tulare. In August of the present year, the author found this plant growing on the edge of the salt marsh not far from Larkspur and apparently flourishing. How it came there is not known, but as it may eventually become widely spread along the marsh lands of Marin County, this first record of its appearance is of interest. ALICE EASTWOOD. Habenaria maritima Greene. This species which was first collected: "On dry hills near the sea at Point Lobos, near San Francisco" (Pitt. II. 298). is also found near Lands End, San Francisco, on rocky banks and cliffs. The author has collected it also on the hills of Sausalito and near Point Reyes. A very interesting form was sent to the Herbarium of the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences recently by Mr. William Barber of Ross Valley. This grew in the woods instead of on exposed hillsides and differed from the typical form in having stems 1-2 feet in height, spikes of flowers nearly a foot in length, more loosely flowered with longer and greener bracts. The flowers also were larger and both petals and sepals somewhat greener. In shape the parts of the flower were identical, both showing ovary with three spiral ribs. The differences, while apparently sufficient to constitute a good variety, are such as one would expect to find a plant exhibiting as a result of more favorable surroundings and more abundant nutriment. The comparison of the two forms was made from fresh flowers. The honey scent was not so strong in the sylvan form as in the maritime. ALICE EASTWOOD. 138 Short Articles. [zoE Verbascum in California. The Great or Woolly Mullein V. Thapsus I/, noted in Bot. Cal, ii, 472 as having been found in Siskiyou County by Mr. Greene has been known to me since 1854. It was then sufficiently common in fields of Sacramento County near the prosperous mining town of Prairie City, of which no vestige now remains. In the year 1859, it covered a tract several hundred feet in length along the American river, between the town of Folsom and the place where the Branch State Prison now stands. V. virgatum With. I saw first near Pasadena in the year 1885, but I had observed V. Blattaria \,. not far from Stockton in 1876. These two plants are usually considered doubtfully distinct. In their extreme forms they appear sufficiently so, though the only real difference appears to be in the pedicels which are shorter than the calyx and clustered in V. virgatum, longer and usually solitary in V. Blattaria. The forms found in northern California frequently have the appearance of intergrades. The first and the last species most probably came to us by way of the eastern states, where they are weeds, but V. virgatum seems to have come to us direct from Kurope. Dr. Gray in the Synopti- cal Flora suggests that it came by the way of Mexico but the plant is not certainly Mexican unless, as is often the case, it is included in V. Blattaria. K. B. The Size of Herbarium Sheets. In a large and growing herbarium the item of paper upon which the specimens are to be mounted is of considerable consequence, but of more importance still is the space to be occupied and the size of the shelving. Herbaria which have already accumulated a large number of mounted specimens of a certain size are never likely to change, but in the new ones which are formed from time to time it is well to consider whether the saving in expense and space, and convenience in handling, does not outweigh any possible advan- tage in conforming to a "standard" which as is well known was the result of a blunder. Dr. Gray in the American Journal of Science for 1841 makes note of the size of sheets in the great herbaria of Europe. The magnificent Banksian Herbarium, which is apparently the one he selected as a model, is 16^ X VOL. 5] Short Articles. 139 The great Candollean Herbarium at Genevea is 10X15, which is ample and would even be improved in proportion by- taking an inch from the length. The herbarium of I^innsens (which was of course determined as to the sheet by convenience) is of "foolscap" size, 8X13 inches, a most ungraceful shape. For local herbaria, however, an inch added to the width would make it of sufficient dimensions. In former times it was sometimes difficult to cut ordinary commercial papers into certain sizes without a great deal of waste, but now through Herbarium Supply Companies, paper of almost any size can be obtained without this element of expense. In the Harvard Herbarium, much the most important of the American collections, the sheets are mostly well filled—various collections of the same species, with their labels being glued upon the same sheet until it is filled. The effect is often less ornamental, but much more convenient, and the saving is con- siderable. Where the specimens are very small, however, the effect is better, the apearance of a small dab of Tillaea, Pilularia, or other minute plant in the middle or in one corner of a vast expanse of paper outrages one's sense of fitness. The only excuse for it is lack of time for the perfect, determination of the specimens to be mounted; on which account it might be well in large herbaria to increase the force of botanists, somewhat if necessary at the expense of the number of minor employees. In mounting small specimens of different collections to fill a sheet it may occasionally happen that more than one species is repre- sented, even under the oversight of a careful botanist, but this is a trivial matter of small inconvenience. In whatever manner plants are mounted provision should be made on the sheet for a folder containing fragments for lending. Few botanists can spare the time to go from one herbarium to another often at great distances, to consult types, and many plants, especially if mature, travel badly, and types are loaned, if at all, with great reluctance, yet the need of these originals is so great in revisions and monographs that some effort is usually made to render them available. K. B. RECENT LITERATURE. A Synopsis of Mexican and Central American Umbelliferce. By John M. Coulter and J. N. Rose, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol i, pp. 111-159. Jan. 8, 1900, PL 1-12. Monograph of the North American Umbelliferce. By John M. Coulter and J. N. Rose, Contr. from the U. S. National Herbarium vol. vii, No 1. Dec. 31, 1900. PI. 1-9. The second of these papers should have included in the title "North of Mexico," for it stops at our southern border. The two papers taken together represent the Umbelliferae of North America so far as known, and are invaluable to the working botanist. They show the painstaking care for which the authors are so well known. The genera are arranged as in Engler & Prantl's Pflanzenfamileeny "which is by far the most masterly presentation of the group which has yet appeared." The work of Drude is, however, very much more conservative than the one under notice. In the Mexican Flora the number of genera and of endemic species have been nearly doubled since the publication of Hems- ley's Biologia. In the flora north of Mexico covered by the Monograph 30 genera and 150 species have been added to the number in the Revision by the same authors in 1888. The changes made are sweeping in character, Peucedanum, Selinum and Velsea are excluded from our flora; Centella is separated from Hydrocotyle; Osmorrhiza and Glycosma are retired in favor of Washingtonia; Musenium is changed to Musineon; the species formerly under Deweya are, with the exception of D. arguta, referred to a new genus, Drudeophytum; I,eptocaulis becomes Spermolepis; Deringa takes the place of Cryptotsenia; Tsenidia is substituted for Smyrnium integerrimum; Discopleura is changed to Ptilimnium; Crautzia to Lilaeopsis; Phellopterus Benth. is changed to Glehnia, while Phellopterus Nutt. is ap- plied to one of the 6 genera into which Cymopterus is divided; Tiedemannia is changed to Oxypolis; Peucedanum, as to the American species, is divided between Lomatium, Euryptera and Cynomarthrum. VOL. 5] Recent Literature. 141 Some of these, changes are not likely to be concurred in. Rafinesque's I,omatium (there is a valid I/omatia in another order) seems to me quite inadmissible even if one should grant the propriety of dividing up Peucedanum. No type exists, and the description does not agree with any known species, so that Rafinesque's meaning can only be (and doubtfully) reached by process of exclusion. Spermolepis Raf. appears to have no type species—at least no specific name by Rafinesque is cited. The substitution of Washingtonia Raf. 1818 for the long- used Osmorrhiza Raf. of the same year, or rather the taking up of Britton's substitution, though under protest, seems to me wholly unjustifiable. The changing of names after nearly a hundred years of use for the most fanciful of causes is bad enough but in this case there are especial reasons against the change. Washingtonia has been applied to two plants in cul- tivation—a Conifer and a Palm —the latter is in all catalogues as W.filifera; and it cannot be necessary to point out the ex- treme inconvenience of changing names in common use by the non-botanical public. Of the species little can now be said but in hardly any of our plants are field studies more imperatively demanded, and it is quite apparent that many of them have slighter claim to the rank than the older ones. One of them in par- ticular, Leptotcsnia humilis is so very like L. anomala, collected by myself, that they can scarcely be distinct. They come from the same general region, at the base of the Sierra Nevada foot- hills. Carbondale is not in the " Monte Diablo Region " as is said, but near lone, Amador County. Catalogue of Nortk American Plants, north of Mexico. By A. a. heu,ER. Second ed. 1900. Herbarium check lists are scarcely legitimate subjects for botanical criticism, but this one differs from others in attempting an entirely botanical function, the changing of names. In this work it is true that it is done in an entirely perfunctory manner, without regard to the claims of the varieties which he raises to specific rank or to the value of the species transferred—without 142 Recent Literature. |_ZOE even taking such slight trouble as to consult the Kew Index— witness his Lohis diffusus. The author prophesies that "at the present rate of activity in taxonomic botany, the year 1905 will see 20,000 plant names to be listed." No doubt this will be the case if all the varieties and forms are named and listed, as well as the synonyms and many Mexican plants. As examples of how this can be done, one may take Mentha Canadensis and its synonym Micromeria purpurea; Mimulus atropurpureus and Eunanus Kellogii; Plagio- bothrys ru/esce?is, P. Californicus and P. campestris; Trichocoronis Wtightii T. riparia—and twenty-four pages away Biolettia riparia; Pentachceta exilis and P. aphantochceta, etc. These have all been published and admitted synonyms; the author of a check list cannot be expected to know those which have not been as, for instance, Dicranocarpus parviflorus and Wootonia parvijlora; Orochcenactis thysanocarpha and Bahia Palvieri. Of the Mexican plants included, one, Hesperelea Palmeti certainly is sufficiently out of the way. And after all the striving for "uniformity of treatment" this list, only a few months old, is hopelessly behind the changes in genera and species, which may be taken as a warning to refrain from check lists until American botanists have found their judgment. K. B. Flora of Western Middle California, by wiixiS UNN jepson, Assistant Professor of Botany in the University of California, 625 pages. Issued April 16, 1891. This is the best of the I^ocal Floras which have so far been published in California. It covers practically the same region as Prof. Greene's "Manual of the Bay- Region Botany", but overruns its borders somewhat irregularly, therefore including many more species. The peculiar nomencla- ture which distinguished the work of Prof. Greene has not been adopted for the present work, but some not very desirable vestiges of his untenable generic names appear. Much attention has been given to the keys, which appear to have been carefully worked out, especially the specific ones. The author's extensive field studies have resulted, as compared with much recent botanical work, in a very commendable con- VOL. 5] Recent Literature. 143 servatism. How thoroughly he differs from the prevailing species-monger may be noted in the following extract from his preface: "The beginner should never forget that the same species may be of quite different appearance in different localities. Soil, ex- posure, altitude, humidity, distance from the ocean, influence very greatly the habit and aspect of the plant. Vegetative char- acters (that is characters of the root, stem, foliage, size of the plant or of its various parts, amount of pubescence) vary end- lessly in many plants. Hence it is well to rely chiefly upon the reproductive organs, namely the flower and the fruit, rather than upon merely vegetative characters, The variation of the plant from its normal appearance may often be correlated with its situation, at least as to the vegetative features. The following classes of localities may be noted under this head: 1. Near the ocean-a species is often more depressed or con- densed than in the interior, and more fleshy. 2. In swamps or wet soils the plant tends to become succulent and of ranker growth, and also glabrous. 3. In valley soils the growth is commonly much more rank than elsewhere. 4. On hilltops plants tend to become dwarf and acaulescent; often far more pubescent also. 5. In saline or subsaline soil the stems and foliage in many species are far more vigorous and the flowers larger than on stiff clays or adobes. 6. In shady woods leaves become thinner and larger, often conspicuously so. 7. At high altitudes the flowers are larger in proportion to stature and brighter in color.'' The following new species and named varieties appear in the work—the grasses by Mr. J. Burtt Davy, the others by Prof. Jepson: Agropyrum "arenicohim", Elymus pubesce?is, E. hispi- diclus, E. glaucus Jepsoni, E. g. breviaristatus, E. g. maximus, E. dzvergens, E. angustifolius, E. a. caespitosus, Thelypodium Greenei, Ceanothus purpurea, Cotyledon Ptattia?ia, C. laxa Setch- 144 Recent Literature. [zoe ellii, C. ccBSpitosa paniculata, Potentilla Californica Carmeliana, Trifolium columbinum argillorum, Boisduvalia campestris, Eryn- gium Californicum, Angelica tomentosa elata, Convolvulus luteolus solanensis, Castilleia spiralis, Plantago Patagonica rosulata, Nemo- phila venosa, Allocarya saline?, Monardella viridis, Plectritis glabra, P. Davy ana, Eriophyllum idoneum, Gtindelia robusta Davyi, Erigeron Setchellii, Corethrogyne viscidula Greenei, Aster Chilen- sis media, Scirpus robustus compactus, Mimulus Langsdorffii Cali- fornicum, Boisduvalia de?isiflora montanus. Several of these species are, however, considered somewhat doubtful by the author. Within the limits set by the author, bounded on the north by the counties of Mendocino, Lake and Colusa; on the south by Merced, San Benito and Monterey; and on the east by the Sacra- mento and San Joaquin Rivers, there seems to be, in a hasty examination of the work, several omissions of recorded species; for instance: Lysichiton Kamtschatcensis near Boulder Creek; CEnothera gaurceflora, near Livermore; Glinus lotoides, near Iyathrop; Caulanthus crassicaulis, near Altamont; Callitriche sepulta, San Francisco; Centunculus minimus, San Francisco, Laundry Farm, Antioch; Chorizanthe polygotwides, Tamalpais, Laundry Farm. Of the introduced plants there are also some notable omissions, as Ulex Europcea, well established in Visitacion Valley, and Taraxacum Dens-leonis, abundant in San Francisco lawns. Mr. Davy says under Lamarckia aurea that "the species appears within our limits have been found only once, near Eden Vale railroad depot, Santa Clara Co., in 1893, Davy." It grew abundantly on a hill between Visitacion Valley and South San Francisco, in 1890-91.2 Malvastrum exile Gray, though extra-limital is included, and under it M. Parryi Greene, is given as a synonym on the author- ity of Dr. Robinson, who considers the former to be the pistillate and the latter the perfect form3 of the same species. This view of the case is discredited by the fact that through nearly all the wide area inhabited by M. exile M. Parryi does not occur. 1. This is another synonym of Lilhospermum glabrum. See page 94, preceding. 2. Zoe, ii, 380. 3. Syn. Fl. i, 308. VOL. 5] Recent Literature. 145 The latter is confined to the region north of Tehachipi where M. exile which is spreading as a weed overlaps it. The two species are in habit and flower extremely unlike, and the carpels though similar can be readily distinguished; those of M. exile forming an incomplete, and those of M. Parryi a complete circle. Mictomeria purpurea Kelt.* is erroneously referred to Mentha Pulegium; it is a synonym of M. Canadense. Convovuhis luteolus var. Solanesis appears to be the same as C. fruticetorum Greene. Thelypodium Greeni is a new name for the T. flavescens of Prof. Greene's Manual which was by Watson5 reduced to Caulaut/ius procerus. Dr. Jepson considers them the same species, and the new name would seem to be unnecessary. Dtaba (Heterodraba) unilateralis is united with Athysanus as a second species—where it is not very well placed. Helianthella castanea. Of this species the author remarks: "Fruiting heads not seen by us." I collected it at Laundry Farm a few miles from Berkeley, May 29, 1892, and considered it a hybrid of Wyethia angustifolia and H. Californica. A more recently described species, H. Cannoncs, has perhaps a similar origin with one different parent. Senecio Greenei. "Mountain side near the Geysers, growing under bushes of Pickeringia and Ceanothus, E. L. Greene, June 17, 1874. Collected since only on Mt. Sanhedrin, Mendo- cino Co., Rattan" has been brought thence by nearly every collector who has visited Lake County. Microseris macrochcsta, taken up under Uropappus, has been shown to be an immature state of one of the other species prob- ably M. linearifolia* while M. Kelloggii given as a variety of M. macrochceta belongs without doubt under M. Lindleyi. M. Cleve- landi placed as a variety under M. Lindleyi is the prevailing southern form of that species and is identical with M. Parryi (an older name) a fragment of the type of which I have seen 4. Zoe, iv, 289. 5. Syn. Fl. 1,173. 6. Zoe, i, 126. 146 Recent Literature. [zoe since the article in ZoE was printed. There is some variation of course in the comparative length of the palea and awn in these species, but the great difference in favor of the awn is only found in heads in early flower. Blepha-rizonia credited to Dr. Gray as a genus, is a mistake. Gray used it as a subgeneric or rather sectional, name and never believed it to be anything but "to me good Hemizonia". A considerable greater amount of synonymy might have found place with advantage—especially the peculiar names of Prof. Greene's Manual—such as Distegia, Alsinastrum, Franca, Vibo, Oxys, Siliquastrum, etc. Many of the recently described species have been omitted, among them may be mentioned Cheiranthus angtistattis, Thysano- carpus hirtellus, Roripa miilticaulis, Streptanthtis asper, Sidalcea scabra, S. valida, Astragalus Elmeri, Psoralea monticola, L,upi- nus eximius, Trifolium quercetorum, T. trimorphiitn, Ribes cruentum, Clarkia virgata, Arctostaphylos canescens, glandulosa & montana, Helenium occidentals, H. rivulare, Pentachceta bellidiflora, Xanthium Califoinimm, Pyrrocoma longifolium, Dodecatheon cruentum, Gilia Chamissonis, G. staminea, Phacelia Arthuri, Convolvulus collinus, C. fruticetorum, Lycopus maritimus, Mimulus subsecundus, etc. Throughout the book there is evident the most careful and painstaking proofreading and considering the difficulties en- countered in a Flora of even a restricted region in California, the author is to be congratulated on having done so well. K. B. ¦#'¦ ZOE Vol. 5 MAY, 1903. No. 9 Editor, Katharine Brandegee. CONTENTS: Flora of the Providence Mountains. T. S. Brandegee........ 147 Vegetation of the Colorado Desert: T. S. Brandegee........ 153 Notes and New Species of Lower California Plants: T. S. Brandegee . 155 Notes on Papaveraceae: T. S. Brandegee .............. 174 Recent Literature.......................... 17S ZOE PUBLISHING j^OMPANY Corner First and Redwood Sts. San Diego, California. ZOK A JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY. Subscription for United States, Canada arid Mexico, $2.00 per year in advance; single numbers, 20 cents. Other countries in Postal Union, $2.25 per year. Vol. i, ii, iii, iv, about 400 pages each, with 33 plates, numerous new species, and many important papers indispensable to the student of West American botany, $2.00 each. Vol, I will not be sold separately, but a few of the numbers can be had singly. ZOB PUPLISHING COMPANY. Cor. First and Redwood Sts. SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. Vol. Y. May, 1903. Xo. y. FI.ORA OF Till' PROYIDKXCK MOUNTAINS. The Providence Mountains arc situated on the Mojave Desert near to its eastern l)oundary and to Arizona. Usually on maps "Providence Mts." cover a large extent of territory and include several disconnected ranges, but by the few residents of the vicinity the name Providence Mt. is applied to a mountain about twenty miles long', less than ten miles wide and 7000 It. elevation above sea level, lying' thirty miles north of the station of Fenner on the Atlantic and Pacific Railway. The surrounding" country from the high peaks of this mountain looks like an ocean studded with many islands, large and small, the dry sandy plain of the Mojave representing' the water, and the mountains standing ten, twenty or thirty miles apart, the islands. Providence Mountain is one of the largest of the Kastern Mojave region. It is very rough and rocky; much of the rock being a form of limestone in which rich silver mines have been found. The average rainfall must be low and my collection was made at a time following an unusually small precipitation of the pre- vious summer and winter. Xot an annual was seen along the railway between Bagdad and The Xeedlc-s, and only a few appeared in the canons of the mountains. The especial interest attached to the collection from this locality is the expected numerous additions to the Flora of California of plants whose habitat is Arizona and Southern Utah. Yery few botanists have brought plants from this region and the small number noticed in various publications were collected by Dr. j. G. Cooper and Edward Palmer. The mountain is difficult to explore on account of the scarcity of water, and it was necessary to work from dry camps. The Vc nei "P se\ vie tw ab< on fro wi' Me tW( is < rot • wt at vie rai ap] att; nu hai brc vat Ed of Vol.. V. May, 1903. No. 9. FLORA OF THE PROVIDENCE MOUNTAINS. The Providence Mountains are situated on the Mojave Desert near to its eastern boundary and to Arizona. Usually on maps "Providence Mts." cover a large extent of territory and include several disconnected ranges, but by the few residents of the vicinity the name Providence Mt. is applied to a mountain about twenty miles long, less than ten miles wide and 7000 ft. elevation above sea level, lying thirty miles north of the station of Fenner on the Atlantic and Pacific Railway.' The surrounding country from the high peaks of this mountain looks like an ocean studded with many islands, large and small, the dry sandy plain of the Mojave representing the water, and the mountains standing ten, twenty or thirty miles apart, the islands. Providence Mountain is one of the largest of the Eastern Mojave region. It is very rough and rocky; much of the rock being a form of limestone in • which rich silver mines have been found. The average rainfall must be low and my collection was made at a time following an unusually small precipitation of the pre- vious summer and winter. Not an annual was seen along the railway between Bagdad and The Needles, and only a few appeared in the canons of the mountains. The especial interest attached to the collection from this locality is the expected numerous additions to the Flora of California of plants whose habitat is Arizona and Southern Utah. Very few botanists have brought plants from this region and the small number noticed in various publications were collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper and Edward Palmer. The mountain is difficult to explore on account of the scarcity of water, and it was necessary to work from dry camps. The May 22, 1903 148 Flora of the Providence Mountains. [zoe higher altitudes are well supplied with Pinus monophylla and there is a considerable amount of Juniperus Utahensis; the only other shrubby vegetation of any size worthy of note is Qicercus chrysolepis, some Garrya Uavescens and an abundance of Rhus aromatica irilobata. The following list of the plants collected is not complete, many of those of wide distribution having been omitted: Delphinium scaposum Greene. Eschscholtzia minutiflora Watson. Arabis perennans Watson. Arabis Holboellii Fendleri Watson. Caulanthus crassicaulis glaber Jones. Stanleya pinnaiifida Nutt. Sisymbrium diffusum Gray. Lesquerella Utahensis Rydberg. Lepidium Fre?nonti Watson. This species is represented by two forms: one with orbicular pods and sparingly-lobed leaves, the other with rhombic pods, cuneate at base, and leaves much lobed. Silene montana Watson. Arenaria Fendleri Gray. Flowers light yellow. SphcEralcea ambigua Gray. Linum Lewisii Pursh. Lari'ea Mexicana Moric, Rhamnus Califomica tomentella Brewer and Watson. Rhamnus crocea Nutt. Very abundant. Rhus aromatica trilobata Gray. Hosackia sp. belonging to the H. Wrightii group and by its characters most nearly related to H. Neo-Mexicana. Lotus argensis Coville. This species is also common in canons of the eastern side of the mountains of San Diego County where it is known as Hosackia rigida. Petalostemon Searlscs Gray. Astragalus Mojavensis Watson. Astragalus eriocarpus Watson. Astragalus play anus Jones. Cassia armata Watson. VOL. 5] Flora of the Providence Mountains. 149 Acacia Gteggii Gray. Prunus fasciculata Gray, Very abundant. Luetkea ccespitosa (Nutt). Holodiscus discolor (Pursh). Coleogyne ramosissima Torr. Cercocarpus intricatus Watson. Leaves narrow and very pu- bescent. Cowania Mexicana Don. Flowers white or cream color. Cowania Mexicana var. dubia. Stamens much less in number than in the typical species; carpels two or three; tails of the fruit short, not plumose but covered with short, dense, spreading, bristle-like hairs. This form was also collected by Dr. C. A. Purpus on Morey Peak, Nevada, in 1898, and he considered it a hybrid between Cowania and Purshia. Prof. A. M. Jones in- forms me he has noticed it, and supposed it to be a depauperate form of Cowania Mexicana. It needs study in the field to arrive at its true botanical status. Fallugia pa radoxa Kn dl. Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Heuchera rubescens Torr. Cotyledon sp. CEnothera chamenerioides Torr. CEnothera cczspitosa Nutt. Gaura coccinea Nutt. The specimens are without fruit but are evidently perennial. Mentzelia albicaulis Dongl. Mentzelia leevis T. & G. Echinocactus cylindracetis Kngelm. Cereus Engelmanni Parry. Cereus Mojavensis Kngelm. Opuntia chlorotica Bngelm. & Big. Opuntia rutila Nutt. Cynomaratkrum Parryi C. & R. Garrya Veatchii fiavescens C. & K. Symphoricarpos longiflorus Gray. Galium Aparine T,. Galiuvt angustifolium Nutt, Too young. 150 Flora of the Providence Mountains. [zoe Galium stellaium Kellogg. Galium multiflorum Watsoni Gray. Brickellia microphylla scabra (Greene). Brickellia linifolia D. C. Katon. Brickellia atractyloid.es Gray. Brickellia incana Gray. Gutierrezia sp. Nearly the same as G. Californica. Aplopappus cuneatus Gray. Aplopappus gracilis Gray. Aplopappus monactis Gra}\ Not typical but tending toward A. laricifolius. Aplopappus linearifolius DC. Bigelovia Cooperi Gray. The specimens are very young. Solidago pumila T. & G. Aster tortifolhcs Gray. Aster ericcefolius Rothrock. Aster {MachcBranther a) canescens Pursh. Erigeron filifolius Nutt. Erigeron concinnvs T. & G. Baccharis sergiloidcs Gray. Gnaphalium Wrightii Gray. Franseria eriocentra Gray. Viguiera deltoidea Parishii (Greene). Enceliafrutescens Gray. Riddellia Cooperi Gray. Baileya multiradiata Harv. & Gray. Hymenopappus filifolius luteus (Nutt). Dysodia Cooperi Gray. Porophyllum gracile Benth. Tetradymia stenolepis Greene. Senecio Douglasii D. C. Senecio multilobatus T. & G. Actinella biennis Gray. Fraxi?i2is anomala T. & G. Asclepiodora decumbens Gray. Frasera albomarginata Watson. Phlox longifolia Stansburyi Gray. vol. 5] Flora of the Providence Mountains. Gilia inconspicua Dougl. Gilia ptmgens Hookeri (Dougl.) Flowers varying in color from yellowish to decidedly yellow. Gilia aggregates Bridgesii Gray. "Apparently perennial." Gilia floccosa Gray. Ellisia Torreyi Gray. Phacelia rotundifolia Torr. Phacelia pedicellata Gray. Phacelia campanularia Gra)\ Phacelia hispida Gra3r. Krynitzkia humilis (Gray). Physalis crassifolia Benth. Physalts Fendleri cordifolia Gray. Physalis Palme?i Gray. Reduced to P. hederczfolia by Dr. P. A. Rydberg. Nicotiana trigonophylla Dunal. Antirrhinutn vtaurandioides Grajr. Pentstemon Eato?ii Gray. Pentstemon Palmeri Gray. Pentstemon antirrhinoides Benth. Pentstemon Stephensi. Glabrous throughout, 1 m. high, branched from near the base; lower leaves 3-4 cm. long, ovate to orbicular on winged petioles of about the same length, upper ones connate-perfoliate, all saliently, sharply denticulate; thyrsus 2 dm. long, about 50-fiowered, bracteate with small con- nate leaves, peduncles 2-flowered, 1 cm. long and less; corolla 15-20 mm. long, lilac to pink, indistinctly bilabiate, nearly tubu- lar or slightly ampliated at the throat, 4 mm. wide, lobes equal; sterile filament glabrous; anthers explanate; sepals broadly ovate, acute, 4 mm. long, half shorier than the acuminate, imma- ture capsule. This species has the leaves of P. Palmeri and P. spectabilis and a corolla approaching in shape that of P. centranthifolius. It was found growing in soft earth at the base of cliffs about the Providence Mts. Named for Mr. Frank Stephens, the well- known ornithologist and naturalist, whose kindness enabled me to collect in this region. 152 Flora of the Providence Mountains. [zoe Pentstemon calcareus. Woody at base, csespitose; stems 5-10 cm. high, finely pubescent; basal leaves, thick in tex- ture, 2-4 cm. long, 15 mm. wide, variable in shape, ovate to elliptical, cuneate into a winged petiole, rarely with a few den- ticulations, stem leaves 2-3 cm. long, linear lanceolate, upper ones sessile; inflorescence of 8-10 flowers crowded at end of the stem, in fruit the thyrsus becoming 3-4 cm. long; corolla pink, 12 mm. long, tubular funnel form, lobes short and nearly equal; sterile filament densely yellow-bearded upon one side; sepals 4 mm. long, lanceolate, pubescent, somewhat viscid, longer than the acuminate capsule. In appearance resembling P. Harbourii, to which it is nearly related. It grows upon the face of perpendicular limestone cliffs of Providence Mt. Dr. Purpus collected insufficient specimens of what appears to be the same plant in Southern Utah. Mimulus luteus I,. Castilleia angustifolia Nutt. Monardella linoides Gray. Audibertia iticana Benth. Audibertia capitata Gray. Salazaria Mexicana Torr. Hedeoma. thymoides Gray. Verbena dliata Benth. Lippia Wrightii Gray. Mirabilis multiflora Gray. Mirabilis aspera Greene. This species has been distributed by Mr. Parish as M. Californica deserti. It seems more distinct in the Providence Mts. than on the mountains bordering the Colo- rado Desert, where the flowers are often quite purple. Oxybaphus nyctagineus Sweet? Plants 4 inches high, densely glandular-pubescent, leaves hastate. Nearly glabrous specimens were also collected. Purpus, No. 5905, from Nevada, represents a still more glabrous form. Pterostegia drymarioides F. & M. Chorizanthe Watsoni T. & G. Enogonum nidularium Coville. Eriogonum Watsoni T. & G. VOL. 5] Vegetation of the Colorado Desert. Eriogonum angulosum Benth. Eriogomim Palmeri Watson. Eriogonum fasciculatum polifolium (Benth). Eriogonum phyllanthum Benth. Eriogonum inflatum Torr. Etirotia lanata Moq. Grayiapolygaloid.es H. & A. Euphorbia schizoloba Engelm. Euphorbia albomarginata T. & G. Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. Arceuthobium divaricaium Engelm. Ephedra Nevadensis Watson. Pinus monophylla Torr. & Fremont. Juniperus Californica Utahensis Engelm. Calochortus Nuttallii T. & G. Yucca Mohavensis Sargent. Agave sp. Pellcea Wrightiana Hook. Cheilanthes Fendleri Hook. Notholcsna Parryi Eaton. Notholcsna Newberryi Eaton. Notholcena tenera Gillies. Stipa coronata Thurber. Melica frutescens Scribner. Sitanion sp, Poa, two species. NOTES ON THE VEGETATION OF THE COLORADO DESERT. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. The Colorado Desert is a name given to an extent of land situ- ated between the eastern base of the mountains of San Diego and San Bernardino Counties and the Colorado River. On the north it merges into the Mojave Desert, without any well-defined di- viding line, and on the south extends a short distance into Lower 154 Vegetation of the Colorado Desert. [zoe California. At various localities, especially near the foothills of the mountains, there are high, rocky ridges that stand well out on the desert proper, unconnected with the higher main range. A large area of the flat portion is below the level of the sea and at one time was an inland lake into which the waters of the Colo- rado River emptied. Shells of species said to be now living in that river are scattered thickly over the ground in many places below the old beach line, that is even now well marked. Below this old beach line there is a scanty flora and it nearly all seems to have been brought in by the waters of the Colorado. The flora growing on the surround- ing higher lands stops at the beach line, excepting where a gulch or dry stream bed has allowed the rains to carry seeds on to the lower levels. The channels through which the Colorado at high water runs into the Salton Basin are lined with species of shrubby Atriplex and Baccharis. and over the level portion grow many chenopods, especially Monolepis. There are numerous small an- nual Eriogonums, some Sphceralcea Cozilteti and other Arizona plants. Around the lakes, shallow depressions filled with Colo- rado River water, is a band of vegetation, the outermost mainly Prosopis, and that near the muddy edges consisting mostly of Nama stenocarpum and Aster spinosus. Later in the season, after an abundant overflow from the channels, great quantities of Atri- plex Palmeri appear and grow to a height of ten feet in some places and Sesbania mac?oca?pa is plentiful. The Cactacese, so abundant in the surrounding legions, do not appear below the beach line, and I have not seen a single one on the old lake bed. Some plants, such as Larrea, are as common on the slightly ele- vated parts and sand drifts as they are above the beach line, but they grow also along the Colorado River. The name Colorado Desert does not seem appropriate to much of this region now, for the water of the Colorado is irrigating a large extent of it, and in a short time there will be many accessions to its flora from seeds brought in by the gardener and agriculturist. Some additions to the Flora of California from the vicinity of this region are worthy of note. Ai?i?nobroma Sonorce was col- lected by Alfred Stockton near the Colorado River, Malperia VOL. 5] New Species of Lower California Plants. 155 tenuis grows on the boundary line near Signal Mt., Gonolobus parvifolhis comes from Ironwood Well; and Cai^ycoseris Wrightii Gray, var. Californica. Flowers white, becoming purplish in age; akenes moreslender, with longer beak and sharper angles than are those of the type as described by Dr. Gray. In sand, near San Felipe, growing with' C. Parryi. The glands of the latter are black, but are pale in the variety and probably also in the type of C. Wrightii. NOTES AND NEW SPECIES OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. PLANTS. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. In 1902 I went to San Jose del Cabo to collect botanical speci- mens, and explored many localities of the Cape Region not visited by me during previous trips. Just before this trip there had been abundant rains and a severe drought of several years duration had come to an end. The severity of this drought can be realized by the fact that on Sierra El Taste I saw oak trees that must have been more than a hundred years old dead from its effects. The mid- dle elevations seemed to have suffered more from the lack of the usual rains than the lower, probably because their vegetation is not so accustomed to a small rainfall. At the time of this last visit the annuals were more luxuriant than I had ever before seen them, having grown rapidly from seed that must have lain dormant several years. The trees and bushes had not fully recovered from the long drought and many of them did not come into flower. Dr. C. A. Purpusin 1901 made a visit of several months to the Cape Region, collecting Cacti and as many plants as it was pos- sible to find during the existence of the drought. His collection was made at a different season of the year from that of my visits to the country, and consequently many interesting plants were added to the flora. The study of the collections has made it necessary to work over the material gathered in previous years, and previous mistakes have been corrected as much as possible. 156 New Species of Lower California Plants. [zoE I am under obligations to Dr. B. I,. Robinson and Dr. J. M. Greenmann for their assistance in connection with many of the species and for comparisons made with types in the Gray Herba- rium, and also to Dr. J. N. Rose for comparisons with plants of the National Herbarium. Cardamine crenata. Sisymbrium crenatum Brandg. Proc. Cal. Acad. Ser. 2. Ill, m. Plants collected by Dr. Purpusshow that it differs from C. Palmeri in having the lower leaves slightly pubescent, thinner in texture, ovate, cordate, acuminate, entire or slightly crenate-dentate; a much shorter pod and white flowers. The type specimen lacked the lower leaves and mature fruit. No. 403, 458, Purptis. Sphaeralcea Margaritas. Annual, 6 dm. high, sparingly stel- late pubescent; leaves from round-subcordate to deltoid, obtuse or acuminate, sometimes 3-lobed, crenate or serrate, the larger 4 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, on petioles of the same length; inflorescence axillary and racemose at the upper part of the stem; corolla 1-2 cm. wide, orange-scarlet; carpels 15-20, i-ovuled, the scarious apex incurved so as to nearly meet the basal part, the thin scari- ous sides reticulated. This species is nearly related to S. Californica Rose, and S1. Coulteri Gray, from which it is easily separated by its axillary racemes two or three times longer than the leaves, which are of thinner texture, the scarious beaks of the carpels also more closely approach the basal part. S. Californica was collected by me in 1902 in the Sierra de la Trinidad of the Cape Region, and in pre- vious years at Soledad, San Jorge and La Paz. Dr. Rose de- scribed it from specimens collected by Dr. Palmer at La Paz, and it is, as he writes, biennial or perennial. 6". Margarita is a small annual growing on Santa Margarita Island of Magdalena Bay. Collected March 5, 1889. Abutilon fragile. Stems usually solitary, 1 m. high, branch- ed from the upper axils, hirsute-pubescent; leaves cordate, broadly ovate, long acuminate, crenate-serrate, sparingly stellate-pubes- cent below, nearly glabrous above; larger ones 10-12 cm. wide, 12-14 cm. long, on petioles 10-14 cm. long; flowers 2-5 cm. wide, solitary in the axils, on peduncles. 5 cm. long that are jointed near vol. 5] New Species of Lower California Plants. 157 the calyx; calyx pubescent, angular, divided more than halfway to the base, the acuminate lobes nearly equalling the beaks of the pubescent carpels; seeds smooth and glabrous. Abundant about the Sierra de la Trinidad of the Cape Region of Baja California. The fruit in mjr specimens breaks early from the peduncle at the joint. The pubescence of the beaks of the car- pels is minutely glandular. From its description, the species seems nearly related to A. membranaceum Baker f. Lonchocarpus littoralis. A spreading bush 2 m. high', branches pubescent; leaflets two pairs and a terminal one, pubes- cent especially below and when young, broadly ovate, acute, ob- tuse or rarely retuse, mucronate with the excurrent midrib, 6 cm. wide, 9 cm. long, or less, on petiolules 4 mm. long; flowers in 1 dm. long racemes, purple or sometimes white; calyx pubescent, 7 mm. long, the lanceolate lobes as long as the tube and the two superior connate nearly to their tips; vexillum orbicular, 1 cm. in diameter equalling the wings; stamens in two sets of unequal lengths; ovary pubescent, sessile, about 4-ovuled; pod 6-7 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, pubescent, coriaceous, compressed, pointed, attenuate at base, 2-3 mm. thick along the sutures that are some- what sulcate, especially the dorsal one, indehiscent, slightly con- stricted between the seeds. Growing near the coast of the Cape Region. This plant does not exactly agree with all the characters of I^onchocarpus, but the differences are so slight that it seems best to describe it in that genus. The only generic variation is in the calyx, which, in- stead of being truncate, with very short or obsolete teeth, is di- vided half its length into lanceolate lobes. Desmodium Tastense. Annual, stems simple, cylindrical, not striate, 1-1.5 dm. high, uncinate-pubescent; leaves usually unifo- liate,on pubescent petioles 5-7 mm. long, ovate-acuminate, slight- ly mucronate, 1.8 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, chartaceous, strongly reticulate, ciliate, green upon both faces, nearly glabrous above, slightly pubescent below; stipules 1 mm. wide at base, 4-5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, brown, striate, deciduous; inflor- escence in small terminal and often axillary few flowered racemes; pedicels 12 mm. long; calyx slightly pubescent, 5-toothed; co- 158 New Species of Lower California Pla?its. [zoe rolla ochroleucous, the keel the most prominent; bractlets decid- uous; pod somewhat twisted, of 4-5 rhomboidal, glabrous, retic- ulated joints. Among more than a dozen specimens only three bear each a single trifoliate leaf. At maturity the pod soon falls to pieces, leaving a single joint attached to the pedicel. None of the speci- mens bear a dozen flowers. Collected on Sierra El Taste, Nov., 1902. Phaseolus rubescens. Annual, stems twining, 2 m. and less high, retrorsely hispid-pubescent; petioles 2-5 cm. long, pubes- cent; leaflets 3, broadly oval, entire, obtuse or mucronate, pubes- cent especially beneath, 3 cm. wide, 4 cm. long, the lateral ones oblique and sessile, stipules lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long; stipels 1 mm. long; racemes 1.5-3 dm. long, floriferous along the upper third, pubescent and retrorsely hispid; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4 mm. long; pedicels single or in pairs 1 mm. long; living flowers brick-red, when dried wings violet and banner greenish; calyx 3-4 mm. long, 5-toothed, vexillum 8-9 mm. long, 7 mm. broad; legume 6-7 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, slightly falcate, acuminate, pubescent. The roughness of the stems is not caused by the rather evi- dent long hairs with which they are covered, but by minute bristles. The species is common after a rainy season throughout the lower elevations of the Cape Region. Galactia Acaptjxcensis Rose is No. 158 of my first collection from the Cape Region. Erythrina Purpusi. A small tree or large bush, 3-4 m. high, the young branches bearing stout curved spines 5 mm. long; ter- minal leaflet much the largest, minutely pubescent, 7 cm. long, 8-9 cm. wide, broadly cordate-deltoid, cuneate at base, obtuse or sometimes slightly obtusely pointed, lateral leaflets similar, ra- chis about 12 cm. long, bearing often 1-2 small spines, petiolules 5 mm. long; banner dark red, 6-7 cm. long, 10-14 mm- wide when unfolded, retuse at apex; wings 15 mm. long, including the long acuminate apex; keel about 18 mm. long; calyx 10-15 mm- long, lanate-pubescent, becoming glabrous, truncate, sometimes ob- scurely bilabiate, bearing a large gland on the lower lip; ovary VOL. 5] New Species of Lower California Plants. 159 densely pubescent; legume 2-3 dm. long, much constricted be- tween the seeds, stipitate, seeds 15 mm. long, 8-9 mm. wide, scarlet. It blossoms during the winter months after the leaves have fallen. The species should be compared with E. lanata on ac- count of the proximity of their habitats. From that species it is easily distinguished by the larger size of the leaves and fruit, and the leaves are broader than long, rounded instead of "shortly acuminate." The long acumination of the wing of the flower and the retuse banner are also good distinguishing characters. The soft wood is used for making corks. Common at lower elevations of the Cape Region of Baja Cali- fornia. Sicyos peninsularis. Stems 5-angled, glandular, 10-12 m. long; leaves membranaceous, short pubescent on both faces, cor- date-orbicular in circumscription, 10-12 cm. in diameter, 5-parted to the middle, the lobes triangular acuminate, sharply serrate- dentate; basal sinus 3-5 cm. wide and less in depth, margined along half of its outline by a rib; tendrils 4-fid; raceme of male flowers 15-20 cm. long, much exceeding the leaves, glandular- pubescent, flowers crowded at the end of the 1-2 cm. long branches, 5 mm. wide, on pubescent pedicels 5-8 mm. long, calyx teeth subulate; corolla cream white, glandular; stamineal column 2 mm. long, glabrous; female flowers in a dense head on a ped- uncle 1-1.5 cm. long, 10-30 flowered; fruit densely setose, cu- neate, 10-12 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, setae 2-3 mm. long. Common along streams at the base of the Cape Region Mts. In some localities it completely covers the bushes and small trees. It is nearest 5*. Deppei, under which name it is mentioned in Proc. Cal. Acad., Ser. 2, III, 139. Vaseyanthus Brandegei (Cogniaux). Dr. J. N. Rose puts Echinocystis Bra?idegei into Vaseyanthus and expresses doubt concerning its distinctness from V. Rqsei*. I have often seen growing plants referred to these species, and there is no dif- ference in their appearance. Considering them as one species, the distribution is along the west coast of Lower California from *Cont. Nat. Herb. V. 119. 160 New Species of Lower California Plants, [zoe Guadalupe, north of Todos Santos, to Cabo San Lucas and San Jose del Cabo, and north along the east coast to La Paz and San Juan, and it also has been collected on the Island Bspiritu Santo, Vaseyanthus is described as i-celled, which it usually is, but a fruit from Guadalupe is certainly 2-celled and 2-seeded. The fruit seems to be made up of abortive cells. The fruiting cell is cen- tral and symmetrically placed with respect to the shape of the fruit, while the abortive cells and other fruiting cells are irregular in their position. A plant from the eastern coast like the others with fruit usually i-seeded bore also fruit having sometimes five seeds; the beak is 2-celled and rarely 2-seeded. Houstonia peninsularis. A sufTrutescent plant, the terete Stems 10-30 cm. high, erect, grayish,short-pubescent throughout; leaves opposite, in threes or fours, 15-20 mm. long, narrowly lin- ear, acuminate, margins revolute; stipules very small, filiform or deltoid-acuminate; inflorescence cymose on peduncles 1 mm. long or less, pedicels 2 mm. long; calyx lobes 1.5 mm. long, linear- lanceolate; corolla purple, tube 7 mm. long, very narrowly fun- nel-form, slightly dilated below the spreading lobes; capsule sub- globose, calyx adnate nearly to the top; seeds crateriform, mi- nutely scrobiculate. It grows abundantly in the Sierra de la Trinidad of the Cape Region, generally on nearly perpendicular bluffs barren of other vegetation. Xc^U^ "2-ou-t, Hofmeisteria fasciculata (Benth.) var. Gray it Leaves cordate-orbicular, obtusely or obscurely lobed, or only crenate, sometimes three cleft. Rocks near the ocean between San Jose del Cabo and Cabo San Lucas. No. 208, Purpus. In describing this variety, I have quoted Dr. Gray. Proc. Am. Acad. V. 159. Specimens from Magdalen a Bay, the type locality, have much dissected leaves and are sometimes more pu- bescent than H. pubescens, a species not having as distinct a leaf form as this variety. Bvery locality of the Peninsula seems to produce a variety of leaf, and when the region is well known botanically all will probably be found to intergrade. Brickellia peninsularis. Frutescent, 1 m. high; stems VOL. 5] New Species of Lowe?' California Plants. 161 \ straight, terete, striate, more or less hirsute and glandular-pubes- cent; leaves opposite, excepting sometimes some of the small ones of the inflorescence, cordate or cuneate at base, ovate, obtuse, crenate or crenate-serrate, larger ones 6-7 cm. long and 5-6 cm. wide, atomiferous, hirsute-pubescent above, hirsute below, especi- ally on the veins, lower surface paler; petioles 2—3 cm. long or less, pubescent; inflorescence corymbose on peduncles from the axils of the upper leaves or on small branches; peduncles 4-5cm. long, glandular hirsute, bractless; involucre 1-1.5 cm. long, cam- panulate, the inner bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, outer bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute, hirsute; flowers in the head 20-30, corolla 10-12 mm. long; akenes 1 cm. long, densely silky-villous. This plant has been collected by me during every trip made to the Cape Region, and now Dr. Purpus has sent much additional material. It grows from near sea level at San Jose del Cabo to the summits of the highest mountains. The specimens show great variation in characters. The pu- bescence of different plants may be slight or densely hispid-hir- sute, or of any intermediate grade. The leaf is usually cordate, obtuse, but may be ovate-cuneate and acuminate, the outline usually crenate-dentate, may be coarsely crenate or sharply ser- rate. The inflorescence varies from a corymb of half a dozen peduncles from the axils of the upper leaves to one of 15 or more heads on branched peduncles. From the characters of B. hebe- carpoides it must be a nearly related species. It also somewhat resembles B. Hartwegi. No. 1792, Pringle. ¦> Viguiera x>Ei/roiDEA Gray, var. Tastensis. Leaves 6-10 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, tomentose beneath; inflorescence more condensed and of larger flowers than that of the type. The pap- pus is very variable: some plants have only two awns from the angles of the flattened akene, others bear the typical fruit of the species. It is very abundant on the western slope of Sierra Kl Taste. Kncelia radians Brandg., is very abundant in the Sierra de la Trinidad of the Cape Region, where it appears very distinct from E. farinosa. The type specimen from San Gregorio is the 162 New Species of Lower California Plants. |_ZOE only one showing traces of the peculiar whiteness of E. fari- nosa. Franseria arborescens. Arborescent, 3-5 m. high, canesceut- ly pubescent; leaves coriaceous, 15 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, on petioles 2-3 cm. long, ovate in outline, serrate, long acuminate, deeply cut into 2-3 coarsely serrate lobes, pubescent beneath, greener and-puberuleut or hispid above; heads naked paniculate; fertile involucres pubescent, armed with 7-8 stout subulate spines hooked at the tip, 2-3 flowered. Not uncommon from Santa Gertrudis to Cabo San L,ucas. The Santa Gertrudis specimens are more hispid and smaller than those from the south. This plant has been distributed by me as F. flexuosa, but by the kindness of Dr. J. M. Greenmann in com- paring it with the type, I am enabled to distinguish and de- scribe it. Sabazia Purpusi. Annual, stems 2-3 dm. high, simple or sometimes branched near the base, sparingly hirsute-pubescent; leaves ovate, acuminate, 1-2 cm. long, serrate, on petioles 2 mm. long or less; inflorescence terminating the stems; peduncles 2-4 cm. long, rarely branched, bearing one or two small bracts; rays white or purple, 1 cm. long; anthers disjoined; chaff of the coni- cal receptacle trifid to the base; scales of the involucre ciliate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1 cm. long, margins scarious. Collected by Dr. C. A. Purpus near San Felipe, Cape Region, Feb., 1901. Porophyllum maritimum. Shrubby at base, 2 dm. high, intricately branched, glaucous, stems striate, branchlets spread- ing; leaves terete, 2-3 cm. long, acuminate, glands 2-4; heads 1.5 cm. long on peduncles solitary in the axils or terminating the branches, 15-20 flowered; scales of the involucre 5, rounded at the apex, 2 mm. wide, 12 mm. long, with a double line of dark linear glands near the middle, purplish when young, dry and re' flexed when the akenes have fallen; flowers ochroleucous. Common on rocks along the coast between Cabo San Lucas and San Jose del Cabo, where the glaucous plants are conspicuous on account of their color. It differs from P. gracile in having larger salicornia-like leaves, in its intricately branched habit, white ap- VOL. 5] New Species of Lower California Plants. 163 pearance and reflexed involucres. The plant of the Cape Region referred to P. gracile grows also along the southern coast and is very different. It is not exactly the plant from Magdalena Bay, the type locality, for it is taller, 2-4 feet, more shrubby and the lower leaves are flatter. The Magdalena Bay plant is about a foot high, the leaves are short and terete and the stems are fas- tigiate. Dysodia littoralis. Annual, spreading from the base, glab- rous, stems 6-15 cm. long; leaves alternate, fleshy, generally en- tire, spatulate, 2-5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, in luxuriant forms some leaves have short, broad lobes; glands between the margin and midrib, except when lobes are present, and then they are marginal; peduncles terminal, monocephalous; heads hemispheri- cal, disk 2 cm. in diameter; scales of the involucre obtuse, scari- ous-margined; scales of the pappus about 20, dissected at apex into 5-10 setae. This species is related to D. anihemidifolia, a plant growing at Magdalena Bay and northward. It is the southern representative of that showy Dysodia, and is even more handsome. Its habitat is along the coast, on sand drifts, from 15 miles south of Pesca- dero to Cabo San I^ucas. From D. anthemidifolia it differs in having broad, entire leaves, instead of narrow, pectinately di- vided ones, a spreading instead of an erect habit, larger flowers and akenes and longer pappus. Gochnatia arborescens. Arborescent, sometimes becoming a tree 3-4 m. high and 2-3 dm. in diameter, young growth sparing- ly tomentose; leaves chartaceous, nearly smooth, ovate, acumi- nate or obtuse, cuneate at base, larger ones 5 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, on petioles 5 mm*, long; infloresence crowded at the ends of the branches; heads 2 cm. long, 15-20 flowered; involucre light green, cylindrical; scales in 8-10 series, decreasing gradually in size, the lower ones minute, the larger ones ovate-lanceolate, erose, sparingly ciliate; corolla 12 mm. long, lobes yi as long, re- curved, with thickened tips when in bloom; style tips flattened, nearly truncate; pappus bristles numerous, almost equalling the corolla, with some shorter ones intermixed; akenes villous, 5 mm. long. May 29, 1903. 164 New Species of Lower California Plants. [zoE This tree-composite is abundant in some parts of the Cape Re- gion, especially so about Todos Santos. I have collected it often in unsatisfactory condition, and now Dr. Purpus has sent fine specimens. Stephanomeria Guadalupensis. Perennial, growing in clumps 3-4 dm. high; leaves densely covered with white wool, especially below, becoming glabrous with age, 15 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, pinnately parted into rounded lobes; flowering stems 3-4 dm. high, striate; bracts woolly; branches of the panicle short; invo- lucre calyculate at base, the scales 7-8 mm. long; heads about 10- flowered; pappus of 10 or more bristles, plumose nearly to the base. Collected on Guadalupe Island in Sparmann's Canon, March 26, 1897. The clumps of white leaves growing on the nearly perpendicular dark-colored clifFs are very conspicuous. The only fruiting heads collected were remnants from the preceding season. Diospyros Texana Scheele, var. Californica. A small tree 4-6 m. high; leaves 6-7 cm. long, glabrous or pubescent, rounded or cuneate at base, sometimes retuse at apex; fruit 2-3 cm. in diameter. The native persimmon of the Cape Region of Lower California agrees with D. Texana in nearly all respects, differing only in the larger size of the leaves and fruit, and from descriptions of the Texas species, seems to be more arborescent. The leaves are very variable in shape and pubescence. Rothrockia cordifolia Gray. This is a common plant of the Cape Region. The lobes of the corona, as well as the ap- pearance of the produced stigma, are very variable. The corona lobes sometimes appear as if joined about their center to the sta- men tube or corolla. Below the junction and on the sides the lobes are thick and fleshy with the free edges indistinctly crenate, above they are thinner and the upper edge is sharply 2-toothed near the middle, there are also two lateral teeth more or less de- veloped. In one flower examined some of the corona lobes lacked the thickened, free margin of the base. At the side and base of the lobe, the fleshy free margin often stands out as an auricle. The two new species here described, though evidently nearly re- vol. 5] New Species of Lower California Plants. 165 lated, differ from one another as much as they do from the type of Rothrockia, and if much stress was put upon the construction of the corona, each could be considered a distinct genus. Rothrockia umbellata. Stems twining, 1-1.5 m. high, hir- sute; leaves opposite, cordate, ovate-acuminate, 4 cm. wide, 7-8 cm. long, on petioles about 4 cm. long, slightly hirsute, lighter- colored on the lower surface; umbels or racemes axillary, 1-6 flowered, peduncles 2-3 cm. long, hirsute, pedicels bracteate at base, 2 cm. long; corolla rotate, 3.5 cm. in diameter, yellowish- green, deeply 5-cleft; lobes ovate-oblong, the upper faces fur- nished with short whitish corolline processes, except where dex- trorsely overlapped by the adjacent lobe in the bud; corona 5- lobed, thick and fleshy, especially about the lower part near the base, furnished with a thickened band that is somewhat free and 2-lobed near its middle, with rounded lateral lobes, and from the sides a caudate process 1.5 mm. long; stigma abruptly produced from the top into a column having a spherical apex; follicle 12- 15 cm. long, fusiform, glabrous. Not uncommon in the Cape Region about the base of the mountains. Rothrockia fruticosa. Stems woody, twining, 2 m. high, hirsute throughout; leaves cordate, ovate-acuminate, 3 cm. wide, 4 cm. long on petioles about 2 cm. long; flowers solitary or umbellate with pedicels 2 cm. long, bracted at the base; corolla brown-black, deeply 5-cleft; lobes ovate; corona 5-lobed, thick and fleshy, with two teeth at the upper edge near the middle of the lobes, the lateral teeth not well developed, the caudate processes arising from the exterior of the lobe prominent, 4 mm. long, 3-4 times exceeding it, these tails are united by a somewhat membranaceous, crenate-dentate con- nective, making the lobe somewhat double; stigma produced from the top into a column having a capitate apex that is sur- rounded by ten globular projections; follicle fusiform, 15 cm. long, glabrous. Collected near Santa Anita, Cape Region. Pattauas Pai,m:eri Watson. This is a common plant grow- ing near the coast, often in the sand of the shore, from Todos 166 New Species of Lower California Plants, [zoe Santos down to Cabo San Lucas, San Jose del Cabo, and prob- ably northward along the east to Muleje, where it was first col- lected by Dr. Palmer. The west coast specimens are more luxu- riant plants than the original one and are sometimes six feet high. The flowers are slightly larger and the conical beak is bidentate. Dr. Greenmann writes that the beak of the stigma is inconspicu- ously bidentate in the type specimens. Dr. Watson describes the flowers as yellow, but the outer side of the petals is lurid-brown, and I have never seen them open wide enough to display the dull yellow interior. Gilia scabra. SufFrutescent, branching, 4-8 dm. high, glandu- lar-roughened; upper leaves parted to the base into 6-7 linear di- visions, lower leaves linear, 2-4 cm. long, cleft into 2-3 pairs of linear-lanceolate lobes 1-2 cm. long, all mucronate; corolla sim- ilar to that of G.floribunda, 15 mm. long, the tube slightly exceed- ing the calyx lobes, these 7 mm. long, acuminate, scarious-mar- gined; ovules 4 or more in each cell. Collected at Santa Rosalia, Lower California, March 4, 1900, \>y C. R. Orcutt. This Gilia is related to G. floribunda and be- longs to §. Siphonella, although it differs from the published characters of the section in many particulars. Physaus Gi,a:bra Benth. P. hastata Rydbg. Todos Santos is hardly fifty miles from Cape St. Lucas, where the type of P. glabra was collected, and is in the same phytographical region below the Tropic of Cancer. Mr. Bentham describes the leaves of P. glabra as being sometimes hastate. Dr. Rydberg has con- founded the Cape Region Todos Santos, with Ensenada de To- dos Santos near San Diego, Calif. P. glabra usually grows with its long zigzag stems supported by bushes or fences, but is some- times prostrate on the sand, and is not always ''glaberrima." IvYCiUM Carounianum Walt, is common about San Jose del Cabo, growing in brackish depressions and salt marshes. Castilleia Guadalupensis. Stems frutescent, and intricately branched, 2-3 dm. high, glabrous, young growth tomentose, leaves narrowly spatulate, 15-18 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, tomen- tose; calyx cleft equally before and behind about one-half its vol. 5] New Species of Lower California Plants. 167 length; galea as long as the tube, slightly exceeding the calyx; lip short, the teeth half its length. This species is nearest to C. foliolosa, but instead of having herbaceous sterns clothed with white tomentum, is a much branched plant having smooth, hard, woody stems, and the leaves are broader and narrowed at the base. Collected by C, A. Anthony in "an almost inaccessible spot on the western cliff" of Guadalupe Island, Sept. 20, 1896. Harry Drent also collected fragments of it from the same island later. Dr. Palmer collected on Guadalupe a Castilleia referred by Dr. Watson to C.foliolosa, specimens of which I have not seen. Galvesia glabrata. A glabrous, leafy perennial, sometimes the young shoots twining in the manner of certain Antirrhinums; leaves opposite or teruate, the nodes 4-8 cm. long, oblong-lance- olate, cuneate at base, 3 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, on petioles 3 mm. long; flowers apparently scarlet, 1-2 from the axils of the leaves; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, the largest 5 mm. long; corolla 2-3 cm. long, the lower lip 6 mm. wide, throat not closed by the pal- ate; capsule nearly globular, nodding, slightly exceeding the calyx lobes. This plant is nearest to G. juncea: the flowers are nearly the same, differing only in being slightly more bilabiate, with the lower lip a little wider and more densely yellow-bearded, with somewhat longer stamens and larger anthers. The seeds and capsule are almost the same, but the capsule, on account of a curve of the pedicel near th*e flower, is pendulous. My herba- rium specimens of G. juncea all show erect pedicels and a living plant from Cedros Island seed bears no pendulous fruit. The most apparent difference is in the leaves. G, juncea seems almost leafless .on the flowering stems,"the leaves being so small and the larger leaves upon sterile shoots never equal the ordinary leaves of this new species. The stems of G. juncea never show any tendency to twine. No. 476 Pur- pus, San Felipe, Cape Region, 1901. Galvesia speciosa Gray, var. pubescens. Hirsute-pubes- cent throughout; leaves orbicular to broadly ovate. On rocks of Cabo San Iyucas, Saucito and other localities of the Cape Region. 168 New Species of Lower California Plants, [zoe Specimens from San Clemente Island are hirsute-pubescent at the flowering part of the stems; those from Guadalupe Island are nearly glabrous. The L,ower California form is noted in Proc. Cal. Acad., 2nd Ser. Ill, 225 as^No. 712 G.juncea (Benth). Conobea intermedia Gray. Stemodia polystachya Brandg. It is found from Comondu to Cape St. I^ucas in forms varying much in pubescence, some being nearly glabrous. The plants are much larger than described, often a foot high, much branched and with an indurated root. Purpus, 431. Ipomaea Tastensis. A glabrous, branching, woody vine with stems 10 m. long climbing over bushes and trees, somewhat twin- ing; leaves cordate, long-acuminate, 5-6 cm. wide, 6-8 cm. long, entire or usually furnished with 2-6 deltoid acuminate teeth 2-5 mm. long at the place where would be the auricle of a 3-lobed leaf; petioles slender, curved as if used in climbing, 3-6 cm. long; peduncles solitary, 2-3 cm. long; pedicels thickened upward, stri- ate; corolla white, to—14 cm. long, with narrow funnel-form tube, the acuminate lobes spreading 8-10 cm.; anthers inserted high in the tube, lanate two-thirds their length; catyx lobes lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2-5 cm. long, the outer two much shorter; cap- sule nearry sphserical 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, 2-celled; seeds finely pubescent. The flowers of this Ipomsea are handsomer than those of I. Bona-Nox, which they somewhat resemble. It is very abundant on the western slope of Sierra El Taste and the large white flow- ers are very conspicuous during the* early hours of the day. Ipomsea peninsularis. The slender stems twining, 1-2 cm. long from a tuberous root, retrorsely pubescent; leaves sessile, clasping or on pubescent petioles 5-10 mm. long, cordate, ovate- acuminate, entire or slightly angulate, 4-6 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, glabrous or somewhat pubescent, the midrib excurrent, sinus narrow, the lobes often overlapping; peduncles 3-6 cm. long, 1-3 flowered; corolla funnel-form, pale violet, 15 mm. long, spreading 12 mm. wide; sepals ovate, mucronate, 4-5 mm. long, coriaceous with brown margins, glandular-muricate; capsule ovate-conical, acute, 2-3 times longer than the sepals, 2-celled; seeds 4, pubescent especially upon the angles. VOL. 5] New Species of Lower California Plants. 169 It grows upon the western slope of the Cape Region Mts. Ipomsea scopulorum. Perennial, pubescent throughout; stems 1-2 m. long, prostrate over rocks or climbing among bushes; leaves 5-6 cm. wide, 6-7 cm. long, especially pubescent upon the veins of both faces, cordate or sometimes cuneate at base, ovate, acuminate, entire, on petioles 3-5 cm. long: pedun- cles about as long as the leaves, 1-4 flowered, pedicels 2-3 cm. long; corolla cream white, 6-8 cm. long, tube narrow funnel-form, lobes mucronate, spreading 6-8 cm.; calyx pubescent, lobes ovate, aristate, coriaceous, 1-5 cm. long, outer ones shorter; stig- ma indistinctly 2-lobed; capsule broadly ovate, longer than the calyx, pointed with the base of the style that at maturity falls away with a small part of the capsule, which then divides to the base into four 1-seeded valves; seeds 7 mm. long, brown, triangular in cross-section, densely pilose upon the two sharper angles with white hairs 8 mm. long. Common at lower elevations of the Cape Region, usually amongst rocks, and also collected at Mazatlan, Oct. 8, 1893, in fruit. It bears an abundance of flowers, is grayish in appearance on account of the white pubescence, and the stems are somewhat coarse and stiff for an Iponisea. Ipomaea spinulosa. Stems trailing or somewhat twining, glabrous throughout, armed with numerous prickles 4 mm. or less long; leaves 8-9 cm. long, 7-9 cm. wide, broadly cordate, long-acuminate, the midrib excurrent, entire or sometimes 3- lobed, the lobes pointed; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 7-9 cm. long, thickened upward, 1-3 flowered; corolla pale violet, 3 cm. long, funnel-form, spreading 2 cm. wide; stigma 3-lobed; sta- mens slightly pilose at base; sepals dark brown with lighter mar- gins, becoming coriaceous, ovate, 6 mm. long, the thick midnerve extended into a spine 3-4 mm. long; capsule reflexed, ovate- conical, acute, longer than the calyx, 2-celled, 4-seeded; seeds seeds smooth, 8 mm. long. The dark brown prickles are sometimes wide and foliaceous. Collected about the western base of the Cape Region in Sept., 1893. 170 New Species of Lower California Plants, [zoe The following is a list of the species of Ipomsea growing in the Cape Region: Ipomcsa Bona-Nox L. " Tasiensis Brandg-. " Ouamoclit L. " coccinea L. " hederacea Jacq. " Mexicana Gray. " Pcs-caprce Sweet. " acetoscefolia R. & S. " triloba L. capillacea (HBK.) '' costellata Torr. " filipes Benth. " perlonga Robinson. " aurea Kellogg. " peninsularis Brandg-. " scopuhrum Brandg. " spinulosa Brandg. Jacquemontia Palmeri Watson, var. varians. Twining stems 1 111. long; leaves cordate, broadly ovate, acute to mucro- nate, sessile, or with a petiole 3 cm. long; larger peduncles 10 cm. long, 5-flowered, otherwise resembling the type. The broad, oval leaves, usually sessile or nearly so, and the long, twining stems give to the plant a very different appearance from that of the small upright forms growing without protection of other larger vegetation, The large plants seem to be the re- sult of abundant rains and a shaded place of growth. Common along western slopes of Cape Region Mts., with the form similar to Dr. Palmer's Guaymas specimens. Bignonia Californica. Stems climbing over trees, in cross- section representing a Maltese cross; leaflets 2, chartaceous, glabrous above, slightly pubescent on veins below, ovate-acumi- nate, slightly cordate, 3-4 cm. wide, 6-8 cm. long, conspicuously pinnate-veined; petiolules 4-10 mm. long, petioles 1-2 cm. long, more or less pubescent; flowers on one or two axillary peduncles about 5 cm. long that may be branched near the middle so as to be 2-3 flowered; calyx broadly campanulate, 10-15 mm. long and wide, margin undulate; corolla bright yellow, glabrous without, slightly pubescent within, 4-5 cm. long, the lobes spreading 3 vol. 5] New Species of Lozver California Plajifs. 171 cm., tube 5 mm. long; stamens included, anthers divergent; stig- ma bilabiate; capsule 2-3 dm. long, 15 mm. wide, glabrous, valves when mature indistinctly 1-nerved, seeds 1x3 cm., the wings about 5 mm. long. The flowers in dried specimens are black. The calyx some- times is very small, only 4 mm. long on the same peduncle bear- ing those of the usual size and with no difference in the size of the corolla. Rarefy a third leaflet is represented by a tendril and sometimes one of the lateral leaflets also becomes a tendril. The pubescence of the stems and leaves is variable; specimens from San Bernardo, a high elevation representing very pubescent forms. Cape Region of Baja California, especially abundant in the vi- cinity of Miraflores. No. 249 Purpus, 716 Bra?idegee. Parmentiera Eduus DC. is cultivated at San Jose del Cabo for its fruit, that is usually cooked before eating. I/IPPIA barbata Brandg. L. montana Brandg., is a common bush of the Cape Region. Tetramerium fruticosum. Frutescent, 1-3 dm. high, the woody stems with light-colored shreddy bark, the younger growth pubescent; ieaves ovate-acuminate, mucronate, slightly pubescent, 2-3 cm. long, including the 5-8 mm. long petiole, 5-10 mm. wide; primary bracts ovate, mucronate, about 1 cm. long, short ciliate, not strongly nerved; bractlets linear-lance- olate, 1 cm. long, sparingly pubescent; calyx divisions narrowly linear-lanceolate; corolla straw color, tube 5 mm. long, the ovate lobes shorter; capsule 7 mm. long, pointed; seeds muricate-scab- rous on both faces. The seeds are much thicker than those of Carlowrightia. Col- lected at Purisima, Comondu, and throughout the Cape Region. 489 Purpus, Heiirya cosiata Gray, var. glandulosa. Very glandular through- out, leaves and bracts short-aristate. Specimens from Las Durasnillas, Sonora, are slightly glandular and intermediate between the Cape Region Form and Pringle's No. 4634. 172 New Species of Lower California Plants. [zoE Justicia Palmeri Rose. Beloperone Californica conferta and B. hia?is Brandg. Carlowrightia Californica. Frutescent, diffuse, 2-3 dm. high, sparingly pubescent or glabrate; leaves ovate-acuminate, mucronate, 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, on petioles 1-1.5 cm. long; flowers spicate, terminal or on leafless axillary branchlets; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, bractlets minute; calyx deeply 5-cleft, lobes subulate, 2-3 mm. long; lobes of the cream-white corolla 8 mm. long slightly exceeding the tube; fila- ments glabrous, anthers oblong; capsule 14 mm. long, stipe as long as the body; seeds light colored, 4 mm. in diameter, mi- nutely muriculate, the edges under a lens appearing erose. Common throughout the southern part of the Peninsula from Comondu to Cape St. I^ucas. Beloperone Purpusi. Tomentose and villous; leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate; villous especially upon the margins and veins beneath, the lower ones 7-8 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, on villous petioles 2 cm. long, upper leaves short petioled, becoming gradu- ally cordate-clasping bracts, broader than long, from the axils of which the flowers are produced; calyx villous, 12 mm. long, di- vided nearly to the base into 5 linear-lanceolate nearly equal divisions, bractlets filiform, 3 mm. long; corolla 3 cm. long, the lower lip 3-lobed; anthers unequally inserted upon a broad con- nective, the lower one calcarate, the upper sometimes minutely so; the continuation of the stamens below the point of insertion near the base of the corolla densely white hirsute; carpels villous, 2 cm. long, with the stipe like base obtuse; mature seeds, ash- colored, nearly spherical, rugose upon the sides, with a slight cen- tral ridge, nearly mature seeds are mottled and the central ridge is prominent. A comparison with B Californica, of the same region, which it somewhat resembles, shows the following differences: the flowers may have been reddish, although some of them have dried to a bright yellow, the calyx lobes are usually longer and the cor- date-clasping bracts give a leafy appearance to the inflorescence that the naked flowering stems of B. Californka lack. The seeds vol. 5] New Species of Lower California Plants. 173 are not like the smooth seeds of B. Californica, and the large cordate leaves attract attention immediately. No. 552, Putpus, San Felipe, Feb., 1901. Growing in shady canons. Justicia insouta Brandg., var. Tastensis. Stems hispid- hirsute; leaves larger, hirsute, indistinctly crenate, otherwise re- sembling the type. Sierra de la l,aguna. No. 511 Purpus, El Taste. The type came from San Gregorio, nearly 200 miles to the north. Ruellia cordata. A shrub 4-5 cm. high with glandular-pu- bescent and somewhat viscid leaves and stems; leaves cordate, obtuse, 12-15 mm- wide, 10-12 mm. long on petioles 2-3 mm. long, the upper ones sessile; flowers solitary on stout, straight axillary peduncles 1-2 cm. long; bracts foliaceous, orbicular, broader than long, 6-8 mm. in diameter, nearly sessile; calyx lobes glandular, varying from broadly to narrowly spatulate, ob- tuse or acute, 10-15 mm. long; corolla light purple, 3-4 cm. long, tube longer than the calyx lobes; stamens didynamous, anthers nearly equal; ovules 8. No mature fruit collected. Comondu, March 26, 1889. Tradescantia peninsularis. Stems prostrate, rooting at the lower joints, somewhat zigzag, sparingly pubescent; leaves nar- rowly ovate-acuminate, 6-7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, sessile, sheaths tomentose; umbels of 2-3 flowers on pedicels 5-8 mm. long, ses- sile in most of the axils and terminal, the terminal one often bi- bracteate; bracts similar to the leaves, the upper ones half smaller; sepals white pilose; petals light purple, filaments equal, pubes- cent to near the tips; anthers with a deltoid connective as broad above as the cells; ovary very hirsute; capsule 3 mm. long, pilose, 3-celled, cells 2-seeded. Collected at many localities in the Cape Region and distributed as T. crassifolia, from which it seems to be very distinct. It grows under the shade of trees. Callisia scopulorum. Annual, stems prostrate, 1-2 dm. long, rooting at the joints, glabrous, excepting the ocrese and upper part of the stem, which are sparingly pubescent; leaves ovate, T 174 Notes on Papaveracece. [zoE sessile, acuminate, of thin, delicate texture, 3 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide; peduncles axillaiy 1-6 cm. long, usually umbellately 4-5 flowered, sometimes slightly paniculate; pedicels 8-10 mm. long, bracts at base ovate and small, or larger and leaf-like; sepals, two, 2 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate; petals two, ovate-lanceolate or ligulate, shorter than the sepals, hyaline, ochroleucous with a shade of purple; stamen one; filament glabrous; anther in dried specimens twisted; ovary compressed, glabrous; style shorter than the capsule, penicillate; capsule compressed, 2 mm. long, 2-celled, 2-valved; seeds in each cell, usually 1,sometimes 2, straw-colored, striate. Common in cafions of the west side of the Cape Region Moun- tains, growing under the shade of rocks in very damp locations. NOTES ON PAPAVERACE^. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. Romneya Coui/teri Harv. & R. trichocalyx Eastwood. Like so many other members of the order this is a very variable plant, even after the segregation of a second species. The two grow together side by side in our garden and certainly appear abundantly distinct. They, however, differ strikingly from the description and figure* given by Miss Eastwood, as the following notes will show. The habit of the plants for instance being re- versed. R. Coulteri: Stems weak and spreading, more branching above, leaves thinner, larger; the lower -7-parted, all the divi-. sions acute, the bract-like leaves under the flower simple and not much farther from the flower than in R. h'ichocalyx. The calyx is smooth, more than an inch long, extended into a cone with free purplish tips and is somewhat persistent, holding the petals upright the first day of expansion. The corolla is twice as large and does not expand with the same regularity, the stamens are very much more numerous, less conspicuously purple at base and the hispid hairs of the fruit are spreading. The convolute ribs of the dehiscent pod described by Miss Eastwood are perhaps *Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 3, i. 133-5. VOL. 5] Notes on Papaveraeecs. 175 abnormal, at any rate they are straight in our plant of Coiilteri. The seeds are reticulate-tuberculate, somewhat irregular in shape, and practically the same in both species. R. trichocalyx forms a compact mass with erect stems, the leaves are thick and more glaucous, divisions fewer and the terminal lobe 3-toothed. The bud is nearly globular, a little depressed on top, rather sparsely covered with appressed hispid bristles, and the peduncular leaves are often few-parted. The capsule is appressed- hispid. R. trichocalyx in a much greater degree than R. Coulteri, spreads by underground stems which extend 30-40 feet from the parent plant in all directions. Along these stems shoots arise at intervals, often a half dozen together, forming clumps that in time rival the parent. Roots appear to form very slowly and these clumps are often of considerable size before any are found. The shoots even when several feet high are very easily pulled, but the subterranean stem promptly sends up a fresh supply in the same spot. The plant of R. trichocalyx in our garden was installed about three years before R. Coulteri. In those years it never matured seeds, but ever since R. Coulteri was planted beside it, fruits have matured on the side where they touch. R. Coidteri alwa3's fruits regularly from every shoot. Eschshoi/tzia CAiviFORNiCA Cham. About eight years ago a package of seeds labeled E. maritime/.* was purchased from a dealer and planted in our garden. Since that time it has been allowed to grow spontaneously, but after the spring flowering the crown is cut off by the hoe, so that it is practically annual. The variations which have appeared are so numerous as to deserve recording. The corolla appears to vary least although the extent of the rhomboidal spot is very uncertain and a form with fringed petals has occurred. The calyptra varies within moderate limits but is in general hardly retuse. The stigmas are rarely more than four, oftener only two, the longer pair alternate with the placentae. These longer stigmas are usually shorter than the stamens at the flowering, but in one case my attention being at- tracted to the appearance of a plant in which every flower seemed *E. Z,. Greene, Pitt i. 60. 176 Notes on Papaveracece. [zoe to have a small green leaf in the center, I found on examination that the stigmas were so elongated as to have been caught in the apex of the calyptra, and later diverging at the center had drawn the calyptra down until it rested on the stamens. The pods are 10-ribbed, curved along the placental lines, and at maturity separate explosively into two lateral valves, scatter- ing the seeds widely in the process. These pods vary perhaps more widely than any other part of the plant; they run from 1^-4 lines in width, from 2-4 inches in length; from elliptic in section to almost round; from rough to smooth; from blunt to long acuminate; from nearly even to prominently ribbed, and from light green to purplish red. That too much emphasized body, the rim of the torus, runs from rather broad to nearly obsolete. The foliage, though still whitened, has nearly lost the papular pubescence which distinguished it when first brought from its island home, and occasional individuals are of a glaucous red color. The leaf segments have increased in length and dimin- ished in width, though still quite variable in that respect. Several years ago an apetalous plant appeared among the others. The calyptra remained on the torus until lifted up by the developing ovary. In this condition herbarium specimens were made, but shortly afterward the plant was destroyed by a careless gardener. It grew on the margin of the lily pond, and perhaps the sodden condition of the soil may have had something to do with the unusual development. In observing these mutations it was found that though each individual did not vary in its different flowers and fruits it did not transmit its character with any certainty. In the fringed form, for instance, out of an ounce or more of seed from the parent, only one fringed individual appeared. Two not very well-marked forms of Platystemon Californicus have been already described as species. These are P. leiocarpus F. & M., which is the glabrous-fruited form common north of San Francisco, and P. crinitus Greene, a more southern form. Both of these, founded largely on pubescence, grade insensibly into the VOL. 5] Notes on Papaveracece. 177 type, but several forms now known show apparently more stable characters, at least the connecting forms are not so com- mon. Two of them were apparently known to Torrey & Gray as early as 1838, and two have been noted and quite fully de- scribed, though without names, several years ago. PIvATysTEmon Caufornicus Benth. var. capsularis. Usual- ly prostrate with elongated branches rough-hirsute; leaves broad; capsule of numerous effete coherent carpels, bearingnaked seeds. Bluffs of the seashore at San Simeon.* This is the form which approaches in structure of the fruit to Platystigma linearis; the carpels, however, though coherent on the plant are not so in herbarium specimens, the pressure under which they are.dried serving to separate them. Some of the forms which connect with the type have been ob- served along the railway from Monterey to Castroville. Near the latter place a plantf was collected which had shorter and torulose hispid carpels containing seeds. Miss Alice Kastwood has collected a form at Bodegas Bay, which has very broad leaves and is nearly glabrous, with glabrous capsule, and a still closer approach to the type is made by No. 665 Baker, a plant collected in the vicinity of Stanford University. ----- ----- var. nutans a very slender, spreading plant, pubescent to nearly glabrous, with narrow leaves and slender torulose, nodding capsules that in age spread in the shape of the flower of Campanula rotundifolia. This may possibly be the form mentioned \>y Torrey & Gray as B. li?ieare,% but the brief description given applies to many variations. It is the common form about San Diego and on many of the islands off the coast. ------ —— var. sphaerocarpa. Plants tall, erect, much branched; leaves rather short; fruit about the size of a pea, glob- ular, glabrous and glaucus; stigmas very short. Colusa Junction§ near the railway station. *Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 2, i. 24. fZoe i. 279. JFl.i. 65. gZoe i. 2S0. i78 Recent Literature. [zoE RECENT LITERATURE. Botany of Southern California.—A check-list of the Flow- ering Plants, Ferns, Marine Algcs, etc., known to occur in San Diego, Riverside,- San Ber?iardi?w, Orange and Los Angeles coiin- ties, California, and north Baja California, with notes, and descrip- tions of many species.—By Charles Russell OrcuTT, Editor of the West American Scientist, author of the Cactacese, etc. San Diego, 1901. One occasionally finds local plant lists which, by their naive ex- hibitions of the ignorance, self-complacency or other foibles of their authors, afford innocent amusement to the reader. Never have we happened upon another list quite so entertaining in this way as the one whose unpretentious title is given above. It appears to have been printed from a scanty, but varied as- sortment of worn type, so that the pages present that grotesque mingling of several sorts of intermixed upper and lower case characters occasionally seen in the amateur newspapers printed by children. The pages, by the ingenious device of giving two numbers to each, are made to appear twice as many as they really are, especially as they begin at page 42. Word-puzzles are scattered freely through the text, and cannot fail to interest those fond of enigmas. We quote as an example this very easy one: "Esyn363;mbs3t7o. Wpan5:54. Hm55o. Hecji. Fr672." Perhaps the best joke of all is the great number of species of Cactus and bulbous plants "known," to Mr. Orcutt, "to occur" in Southern California. Of the cactuses, some are noted as oc- curring here as "cuttings only"—a most remarkable biological fact. Concerning others, the mysterious statement is made, "None on hand." Perhaps as many as a tenth of the plants listed are not known, to less fortunate collectors, as occurring within some hundreds of miles of this region. But this exuber- ance is neatly balanced by the omission of a great number which really do grow here. A novel and pleasing feature of this "Botany" is the occa- sional report of the market value of certain plants—"30c each; 2 for 50c"—probably the most important character, in the author's estimation, by which species are distinguished. We miss, with surprise, any quotation on cabbage and tomato plants; but this defect, we trust, will be remedied in the "Manual" which, it is understood, the author has in preparation—a publi- cation which, beyond doubt, will be even funnier than the pres- ent'one, and tend to extend still further, in the same direction, his well-established reputation in botanical circles. S. B. P. Vol. 5. AUGUST, 1905. No. 10 Editor, Katharine Brandegee CONTENTS: A Collection of Mexican Plants..................... 179 New Species of Mexican Plants ..'.:............... 183 Palms of Baj a California...................... 187 Notes on Cactaceae............. . . .,......... 189 A New Calamintha . . . . .,.................... 195 Plants from Sinaloa ........................ . 1% Zt)E PUBLISHING COMPANY Corner First and Redwood Sts. San Diego, California. .1.1 cffi Voi,. V. April, 1904. No. 10 U2 A COLLECTION OF MEXICAN PLANTS. T. S. BRANDEGEE. Dr. C. A. Purpus, who is gathering cacti and orchids in Mexico, has made a most interesting collection during the past year; mainly from Ixtaccihuatl, a very high mountain not far distant from the City of Mexico. A comparison, in Biologia Centrali-Americana, of the mountain floras of Mexico makes no mention of that of Ixtaccihuatl, and it seems as if this collection might be the first one from that locality. Most of the plants collected are known from other parts of Mexico, and many of them have been previously ob- tained by Mr. C. G. Pringle on Nevada de Toluca, but a number of undescribed forms were found. The plants from the high alpine region are especially interesting and a great number of them belong to genera growing upon the mountains of the "United States of the North." Montia fontana and Sagina Linncei seem to be identical with the northern plants. Ranunculus is repre- sented by R. sibbaldioides and Donnianus—there are several species of Cerastium that seem to have been very abundant. Po- itentilla is represented by species rarely collected: P. ranuncul- >ozdes, candicans, Richardii and comaroides. Arenaria, Draba, Viola are well represented, and many other common northern genera were collected. Many thanks are due Dr. J. M. Greenmann for determinations of doubtful species. Thelypodium Mexicanum. Perennial, glabrous and glaucous, the leafy stems ascending 4-5 dm. high; larger leaves 10-12 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, spatulate, entire, acuminate, thin in texture, April 18, 1904 i8o A Collection of Mexican Plants. [zoe broadly auriculate-clasping, upper leaves similar and smaller; in- florescence in a terminal spike and on short branches from the axils of the upper leaves; flowers light purple, petals linear, nar- rowed at the base, 3 mm. long; immature siliques 1 cm. long on a longer pedicel. Collected on Ixtaccihuatl, 1903. Thelypodium australe. An erect perennial, stems hirsute, especially below; leaves glabrous 2-4 cm. long, somewhat spatu- late, obtuse, entire, 5-7 mm. wide, narrowed to near the base then broadly auriculate; petals rose-purple, 3 mm. long: stigma slightly 2-lobed; immature siliques ascending, 2 cm. long on a shorter pedicel, forming a loose spike more than 2 dm. long. The specimens are young and do not have mature fruit. Col- lected on Ixtaccihuatl, 1903, at 9-10,000 ft. elevation, growing in open woods. No. 304. Dalea LemmoniTarry, was collected at Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, July, 1903, No. 405. The type of the species was found by Lem- mon near Ft. Bowie, South Arizona, and a variety, laxa Wat- son, has been distributed with Pringle's sets, No. 1758, from Za- catecas, but this variety seems like a distinct species. Dr. Pur- pus' plant extends the range of D. Lemmonii much southward. Machaonia fasciculata Gray, was collected on the Sierra de la j near Ixmiquilpan. The specimens agree with Dr. Gray's short description. The upger leaves are simply, and the lower fasciculately ternate. No. 446. Spermacoce ambigua. Glabrous or hirtello-puberulent; stems 4-winged; stipular bristles few, longer than the sheath; leaves opposite, the lower ones apparently fascicled on account of the development of young shoots in the axils the larger ones lin- ear-lanceolate, attenuate into a petiole 2-3 cm. long, 5 mm. wide; inflorescence axillary or in terminal spikes of small 1-5 flowered cymes, the uppermost minutely bracted; internodes 1-2 cm. long; peduncles and pedicels 1-2 mm. long; flowers tetra- merous; corolla 2 mm. long, short funnel-form, lobes short, lin- ear-lanceolate; style shortly branched; fruit turbinate, iJ4 mm. long; short calyx lobes persistent. VOL. 5] A Collection of Mexican Plants. 181 This plant is a doubtful Spermacoce. Its general aspect is that of a I^inum. Only tops were collected and they seem to have belonged to a fruticulose plant, but it may have been an annual. The fruit is not quite mature, so that the appearance of the perfectly ripe seed is unknown. It separates into two un- equal one-seeded carpels that are entirely covered on the inner faces by the very thin dissepiments. The ovary is affixed at its middle to the septum and the radicle is inferior. No. 417. Cordoba, Vera Cruz. Gentiana perpusilla. Annual, stems several, one-flowered; basal leaves crowded, margins light-colored,. 1 cm. long, ovate- spatulate, acuminate, connate-sheathing; stems slightly exceeded by the corolla that is green outside and light blue within; its lobes are short, the plaits broad and acuminate; capsule clavate- obovate at length exserted on a long stipe beyond the corolla. This minute species is very near G. humilis. It was collected in wet meadows above the timber line of Ixtaccihuatl. Gilia Purpusi. Annual, stem simple, erect, 1-2 dm. high, puberulent; leaves 3-4 cm. long, pinnate into 8-12 ovate, acute, sharp-incised leaflets that are cuneate at base into a short petiolule, gradually decreasing in size from the terminal one, upper leaves with few linear-lanceolate leaflets and the uppermost becoming the bracts of the few, loosely flowered panicle; corolla rotate, 15 mm. in diameter, deeply 5-cleft, light blue, lobes ovate; calyx 5- parted into linear, acute, white-margined lobes, longer than the capsule; seeds numerous, mucilaginous when wetted. This species is nearest G. incisa, from which it differs mainly in having numerous pinnate leaves instead of a few basal lyrately- pinnatifid ones. Collected at Viescaj Coahuila. No. 132. Castilleia Purpusi. Perennial, frutescent, hirsute; stems 1 dm. high, usually simple from long subterranean root branches; lower leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, slightly attenuate at base, 1^-2 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; upper leaves and bracts trifid, the central lobe much the longest; calyx deeply cleft in front, slightly so behind, the lobes entire or emarginate; corolla 3}4 cm. long, when fully grown exserted beyond the calyx lobes one-quarter its length: galea tomentose, green upon the l82 A Collection of Mexican Plants. [zoe back; lip very short, the three teeth acuminate, the central one much shorter than the others. The bracts and calyx are more or less tinged with red. Col- lected on rocky slopes above the timber line of Ixtaccihuatl. No. 320. Krynitzkia Mexicana. Annual, 1 dm. or more high, rough- hispid, stems slender, branched; leaves oblanceolate, 1 cm. long; flowers in the axils of the leaves and bracts: corolla equalling the ovate-lanceolate, yellowish-hispid calyx lobes, 3 mm. long, crests inconspicuous: nutlets 1% mm. long, ovate-triangular, the angles rounded except near the base, strongly muricate-granulose on the rounded back and plane faces, the ventral angle beveled from the apex }i the length of the nutlet to the deeply exca- vated deltoid scar; gynobase subulate-pyramidal. This plant is to be compared with K. pusilla Gray, a species with the flowers in small spikes that have a naked appearance as the mature fruit and calyx gradually falls away from the base upward. K. Mexicana is upright, more leafy, the flowers not in spikes and bears very different, larger nutlets. Collected at Viesca, Coahuila, 1903, No. 126. Mr. Pringle's No. 8301, also from Coahuila, is a larger form of the same species with more mature and rounder nutlets. NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PLANTS. BY J. M. GREENMAN. Cerastium Iithophilum. A low herbaceous perennial: stems branched, the slender branches often becoming somewhat mat- ted: ultimate branches ascending, 0.5 to 1.5 dm. high, gland- ular-pubescent, mostly leafy: leaves crowded at the base of the ascending branches, more remote and about equalling the in- ternodes above, often appressed to the stem, linear-lanceolate, 10 to 22 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. broad, acute, entire, sessile and sub- connate at the base, glandular-pubescent on both surfaces: inflor- escence a terminal few-flowered cyme: flowers medium-sized for the genus: pedicels 4 mm. or less in length, and as well as the calyx densely glandular-pubescent: sepals oblong-lanceolate, 4.5 to 5 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. broad, obtusish, glandular-pubescent on the outer surface; petals white, oblanceolate-cuneate, 6 to 7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad,deeply notched: stamens 10: ovary glab- rous; styles 5: capsule at maturity barely exceeding the calyx, 10-toothed at the apex.—Mexico. State of Mexico: in rocky soil, Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, March to July, 1903, C. A. Purfius, No. 231 (hb. Gr,, hb. Brandg.). Cerastium micropetalum. A low depressed annual (?), lan- ate-villous throughout: stems prostrate or ascending, 0.5 to 1 dm. in length, leafy: leaves opposite, sessile, linear-lanceolate, 8 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. broad, acute, entire, subconnate at the base, lanate-villous on both surfaces: inflorescence terminating the as- cending branches in few-flowered leafy cymes: flowers small: pedicels 5 mm. or less long, and as well as the stems above stipi- tate-glandular: sepals lance-oblong, about 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, acutish, glandular-pubescent: petals oblong-cuneate, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, notched for about one-third their length: stamens 10: ovary glabrous; styles 5.—Mexico. State of Mexico: Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, 1903, C. A. Purpus^o. 473 (hb. Gr., hb. Brandg.). Cerastium Purpusi. A low depressed herbaceous perennial (?), forming rather dense tufts, 0.5 to 1.2 dm. in diameter: stems leafy, villous-pubescent: leaves spatulate to oblong, 8 to 20 mm. long, 3 to 8 mm. broad, obtuse, entire, more or less white-villous- 184 New Species of Mexican Plants. [ZOE pubescent on both surfaces, the lowermost narrowed into a sub- petiolate base, the upper sessile: infloresence terminal, cymose, few-flowered; pedicels 4 mm. or less in length: flowers medium- sized for the genus, about 1 cm. in diameter: sepals oblong, ob- tuse, 5 mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. broad, villous-pubescent: petals oblong-cuneate, exceeding the calyx, 6 to 7 mm. long, notched at the apex: ovary glabrous; styles 5: capsule at maturity slightly exceeding the calyx, about 6 mm. long: seeds subrotund, about 1 mm. in diameter, reddish, minutely tuberculate.—Mexico. State of Mexico: Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, 1903, C. A. Purpus, No. 472 (hb. Gr., hb. Brandg.). Arenaria oresbia. An herbaceous perennial: stems prostrate or ascending, bifarious-pubescent; internodes 1 to 30 mm. in length: leaves opposite, close and more or less imbricated, or re- mote and much exceeded by the internodes, lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, 4 to 10 mm. long, 1 to 4 mm. broad, acute, entire, more or less ciliate, subconnate at the base, thickish, glabrous on both surfaces, often pubescent on the prominent or somewhat keeled midrib beneath: flowers terminal or lateral, few: pedicels mostly short (less than 5 mm. long), occasionally 2 cm. in length, pubes- cent: calyx slightly urceolate; sepals lance-ovate and acute to lance-oblong and rather abruptly narrowed at the mucronate- acute apex, 4 to 6 mm. long, rather conspicuously keeled, scarious- margined, glabrous: petals exceeding the calyx, oblong-spatulate to slightly obovoid, 5 to 8 mm. long, sometimes slightly undulate- margined, white: stamens 10: ovary glabrous; styles 3: capsule 4 to 5 mm. long, separating from the top at maturity into 6 valves. —Mexico. State of Mexico: meadows on Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, alti- tude 3350 to 3655 in., March to July, 1903, C. A. Purpus, No. 288 (hb. Gr., hb. Brandg.). State of Jalisco: Nevado de Colima, altitude 3655 m., 16 May, 1903, C. G. Ptingle, No. 5514 (hb. Gr.). The leaves in Mr. Pringle's specimens are less ciliate than those collected by Mr. Purpus, but in other regards the correspondence is so close that the writer has no doubt the two plants are repre- sentatives of one and the same species. A. oresbia suggests in some ways the A. scopulorum, HBK., but the leaves of the former are of distinctly different outline, the calyx-lobes are vol. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 185 acute, or at least mucronate-acute, and the ovules and seeds are far more numerous than in the latter species. Dalea erythrorhiza. An herbaceous perennial: stems usually several from a suffruticose base, prostrate or ascending, 1 to 3 dm. in length, simple or subdichotomously branched, glabrous, tuber- culate-glandular, reddish: leaves including the petiole 1.5 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. broad, pinnately compound; petioles as well as the rhachises sparingly pubescent; leaflets petiolulate, 7 to 15, disposed in 3 to 7 pairs, oblong-obovate, 3 to 10 mm. long, 1.5 to 6 mm. broad, retuse, entire, light green above, paler beneath, glabrous on both surfaces, glandular-punctate: infloresence spi- cate, 1 to 4 cm. in length; peduncles 1 cm. or less long: flowers bracteate; bracts ovate-acuminate, 7 to 8 mm. long, acute, glab- rous, glandular-punctate, often purplish, scarious-margined, at first completely surrounding the flower, early caducous: calyx deeply 5-toothed, long-sericeous-villous along the ten ribs and on the linear-attenuate calyx-teeth, corolla barely exceeding the calyx, dark blue; vexillum with a slender claw and an ovate- oblong 3-mm.-long lamina, bearing as well as the wings and parts of the keel 2 to 6 glands at the junction of lamina and claw: ovary 2-ovuled, and as well as the base of the style long-villous- pubescent.—Mexico. State of Durango: near the City of Du- rango, April to November, 1896, Dr. Edward Palmer, No. 487 (hb. Gr.). State of Zacatecas: in gravelly soil, near the City of Zacatecas, altitude 2135 to 2440 m., August, 1903, C. A. Pu?/>us, No. 452 (hb. Gr., hb., Brandg.). Nama torynophyllum. A low depressed much-branched an- nual, forming rather dense mats 1 to 1.5 dm. in diameter, cinere- ous-pubescent throughout: leaves alternate, spatulate, including the petiole 0.5 to 1.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. broad, rounded at the apex, entire, strongly recurved-margined, contracted below to a narrowly winged petiole, presenting an inverted spoon-like ap- pearance, cinereous-hirsute on both surfaces and on the under or concave surface bearing also stipitate-glandular hairs: flowers small, axillary, usually short-pedicellate; pedicels 3 mm. or less in length: calyx deeply 5-parted, persistent; divisions linear, ob- tuse, pubescent: corolla white, about 3 mm. long, slightly exceed- lit i86 New Species of Mexican Plants. [ZOE ing the calyx, 5-lobed; lobes subrotund: ovary glabrous: styles essentially equal, 0.5 mm. or less in length, glabrous, more or less persistent: capsule oblong, about 2.5 mm. long, glabrous, many- seeded.—Mexico. State of Coahuila: in sandy soil, Pena, 1903, C. A. Purpus, No. 124 (hb. Gr., hb. Brandg.). Eupatorium rivale. Stem terete, puberulent: leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, 7 to 11 cm. long, 5 to 8 cm. broad, acuminate, acute, unequally crenate-dentate, cordate, puberulent above, pu- bescent on the nerves and veins beneath and bearing here and there on the under surface patches of tomentum, 3-5-nerved from the base; petioles 3 to 5.5 cm. long: heads 8 to 10 mm. high, dis- posed in finely pubescent axillary corymbs together forming an elongated leafy panicle: peduncles slender: involucre narrowly campanulate, shorter than the 25 to 30 flowers; bracts of the in- volucre 2-3-seriate, subequal or the outermost shorter, striate, slightly pubescent: corollas white: pappus of uniform setse, white: mature achenes 2 mm. long, pubescent on the angles.— Mexico. State of Mexico: Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, altitude 2150 to 2460 m., 1903, C. A. Purpus, No. 213 (hb.Gr., and hb. Brandg.). In general aspect E. rivale resembles E. petiolare, Moc.,but is readily distinguished from it by having the leaves only sparingly pubescent beneath, smaller and fewer-flowered heads, and the corolla-lobes externally pilose-pubescent. Eupatorium vernicosum, Schz. Bip. in herb. Shrub: stem much-branched; ultimate branchlets as well as the foliage and in- florescence glutinous: leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, 2 to 4.5 cm. broad, acute or short-acuminate, dentate, cordate at the base, glabrous on both surfaces; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long: inflorescence few-headed cymes, terminating the stem and branches; peduncles 1 to 3 cm. long: heads 1.5 cm. high, 40- 50-flowered: involucre 3-seriate; bracts of the involucre lance- olate, 10 to 13 mm. long, acute, subequal or the outermost shorter, conspicuously glutinous: flowers exceeding the involucre; pappus of unequal setse; corollas white or roseate: mature achenes 5 mm. long, pubescent, pentagonal in cross-section.—Mexico. State of Mexico: rocks near timber line, Mt. Ixtaccihuatl, altitude 3350 to 3650 m., 1903, C. A. Purpus, No. 180 (hb. Gr., hb. Brandg.). VOL. 5] Palms of Baja California. 187 Without locality, Ervendbcrg, No. 376a (hb. Gr.). This species has its affinity with E. mygindafolitim, Gray, E. chapalense, Wat- son, and E. campylodadum, Robinson, but is amply distinct from all of them. The unequal setae of the pappus is rather an excep- tional trait in the genus, nevertheless all the other essential characters are in common with typical Ezcpatoriutn. PALMS OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. Washi?igtonia filifera, W. Sonorce, Erythea arvtata and E. edulis are grown in the gardens about San Diego, and a few young plants of Erythea Bra?idegei axe established. The seeds of E. Brandegei have been extensively planted in Southern California recently, and it seems as if this palm should grow well in its new habitat, for it will not experience as much frost and ice as it does on its native mountains. Wendland based the genus Washingtonia upon a palm pre- viousljr known as Brahea fllifera. W, robusta was later added to the genus, but is by many considered to be doubtfully distinct, and there seems to be a good deal of uncertainty concerning both these species. In Botanische Zeitung, 37, 1878, Wendland describes the genus Washingtonia and writes that credit is due to Herr J. Iyinden of Ghent for the first importation, perhaps in the year 1869—at the time of this description seed collected a few years after 1870 in Cantillas Canon had been distributed. One of the earliest notices of the palms now known as Washingtonia is in Botanische Zeitung, 34, where Pritchardia filamentosa is men- tioned as a garden name for plants raised in Kurope, said to have been collected about Arizona and the Colorado River. The locality from which the seed came that Wendland examined later is not stated. Under the rule, "once a synonym always a synonym," the name Washingtonia has been changed to Neo- washingtonia, but, in common usage, the new name is disregarded. 188 Palms of Baja California. [zoe In Pflanzenfamilien the genus is considered by Drude a sub- genus of Pritchardia. Much of the W. filifera now cultivated in California probably came from seed collected along the western edge of the Colorado Desert and Cantillas Canon, a locality in Baja California, just below the boundary line near Campo. This palm is a native of the dry climate of the interior, generally growing on the eastern slope of the mountains, where in the bottom of the canons their roots will find plenty of water. I do not know a locality where they are found in a canon running toward the western slope, but they may grow in such situations in Central Lower California, where so many plants of the Colorado Desert find their way to near the Pacific Coast. Washingionia Sonorce was described from specimens collected about Guaymas by Dr. Palmer, and it is not improbable that the species may extend northward along the Gulf of California to the region about the Rio Colorado, from which the first plants of W. filifera came. This palm grows also at Mazatlan and along the coast of the Cape Region of Lower California. On account of its love for the ocean breezes, it is a more suitable palm for the upper California coast than W. filifera from higher altitudes and a desert climate. At San Jose del Cabo the residents recognize two forms of W. Sonom, which they name "Palma blanca" and "Palma rubra." Away of distinguishing with certainty these two varieties is by cutting into the trunk and the color of the wood, white or reddish, is then evident. There seems to be no other definite character by which the two varieties can be dis- tinguished. Erytheas are palms of much slower growth than the Washing- tonias. E. armata, or the blue palm, is abundant in Northern Lower California, growing in canons or along the sandy bottom of dry streams after they leave the mountains, on both eastern and western slopes. E. edulis, the Guadalupe palm, is endemic upon Guadalupe Island. On the eastern slope of the island it is confined to the canons, but on the western slope it often covers large areas. VOL. 5] Notes on Cactecs. 189 E. Brandegei^ a description of which recently appeared in Gartenflora and is here reprinted for the benefit of those who may not have access to that publication, grows abundantly in the mountains of the Cape Region of Lower California, in the canons or often covering mountain slopes on northern exposures. Gen- erally, the dead leaves fall away, leaving a hard, smooth trunk less than two feet in diameter, even though it may reach an altitude of 125 feet. When it reaches a great height, the trunks lose the stiffness of the other species of the genus and wave with the wind. It is known to the people of the Cape Region as ''La Palmia," and a form of it not well distinguished they name "Palma negra." A few trees in cultivation about San Jose del Cabo are called Palma de Tlaco. The young buds, two feet long, are cut from the top of the tree and eaten by the people of the vicinity—they are soft and taste very much like a raw turnip. The young shoots of K. edulis also are eaten by the Mexicans. NOTES ON CACTE^. KATHARINE BRANDEGEE. The first "Nachtrage" of Dr. Karl Schumann's "Monographia Cactacearum" has appeared. It is a pamphlet of viii-171 pages, and covers the period 1898-1902. Perhaps the most noticeable thing in the work is the absence of the "Cat." citations so numerous in the previous publication, but the many named "Reiches," bringing together all sorts of heterogeneous elements, are still in evidence. *Erythea Brandegeei, C. A. Purpus. n. sp. Trunco procero interdum 30 m. alto vel ultra, 3 dm. diametro fere usque ad coronam laeve. Foliis 10-12, flabelliformibus, sub- tomentosis, sparse filiferis, subtus pallide glaucis, atro viridioribus, vix 1 m. longis, ultra medium in segnienta angusta (1-3 cm. lata) divisis, segmentis ad apicem bifidis, Iaciniis2- 10 cm. longis; petiologlabro, 1-1 J£ m. longo, margine dentibus numerosis, ad 5 mm. lon- gis, vestito. Panicula tomentosa, ut videtur paullo ramosa. Floribus sessilibus, subsoli- tariis, 7,% mm. longis; calyce3-partito, lobis deltoideis, subciliatis, corolla valvata, 3 loba lobis quam lobis calycinis duplo longioribus; filamentis deltoideeis-acuminatis, ovario oblongo, carpellis mox separatis, stylis brevibus, connatis; fructu subsolitario, 10-15 mm. diametro, latere ventrali subappianato, embryone ad medium versus lateris dorsalis seminis. Valde differte a duabus speciebus adhuc descriptis QE. edulis et E. armata) foliis textura, tenuire, a medio declinatis. Kructus magnitudine E. edulis, sed pedunculo longiore macula embryonale seminis deficiente. 1 ¦ Notes on Cactecs. [ZOE The sequence of the subfamilies is not changed, but is suggest- ed in the preliminary pages. In the earlier work it ran: Subfam. i. Cereoideas; ii. Opuntioideae iii. Peireskioideae. In the later this order is reversed, the seed coats are not mentioned, and the classification rests principally upon the presence or absence of barbed setae (glochidia). It is perilous in the present state of our knowledge to generalize upon the surface structure of seeds as is evidenced by his statement that the seeds of the Cereoideae are "always shining, brittle and black." Certainly they are not always shining, and they are commonly red or yellowish-brown in two sections of Mamillaria (Coryphantha and L,actescentes). "Always" is a dangerous word in this family of plants. Some of the new species of mamillaria described by Prof. Coulter,* alternatus, brun7ieusi capillaris, densispinis, eschauzieri, maculatus, Pringlei, radians-pedenoides, omitted from Monog. Cact., have not been included in the Nachtrage, although the author's attentionf was called to the matter. Such omissions, which are but examples of many others, it is needless to say, seriously injure the value of the work. Cereus Greggii Engelm, has been found in Sierra de la Trinidad, Baja California, by Mr. Carlos Grabendorfer, who writes that it is locally known as "Reina de la Noche." Cereus stellatus Pfeiff. To this species, according to Prof. Schumann, belongs C. Sonorensis Runge Cat. & C. Simonii Hildm, C. Sonorensis was later described by Schumann, M. f. K. xi, 135, (1901). But C. Sonorensis is certainly a synonym of C. Alamosensis Court, the type of which was collected at Alamos in Souora. It has been collected also at Topolobampo, Sinaloa, by Captain Porter, by Dr. Purpus not far from Guaymas, and abundantly in Northern Sonora by Mrs. Main. The following notes were taken from plants flowering in our garden: Flowers 6-8 cm. long, nearly tubular, expansion less than 3 cm., the whole flower with the ovary of the same color, some- what translucent coral-red, but of different shades in different *Cont. U. S. Nat. Museum, iii, No. 2, under "Cactus." fZoe, V. 16. VOL. 5] Notes on Cactece. 19.1 plants; becoming recurved; filaments rosy, stout at base anthers violet or purplish, shorter than the style which is white with white acute stigmas which connive, forming a conical body. Scales of the ovary triangular ovate, bearing wool and some- times bristles. Spines variable in number. The flower opens in the morning and remains expanded night and day for about 48 hours. No fruit formed on our plants; the peculiar structure of the stigmas perhaps marks their degenera- tion. Cereus Thurberi Engelm. var. littoralis. Stems low branching from the base, the branches more slender than in the type and strongly curved. Flowers reddish, much darker than the type. Fruit smaller and said to be better flavored than typical C. Thurberi. On steep seacoast bluffs between San Jose del Cabo and Cabo San IyUcas, Baja California, collected by T. S. Brandegee in 1892* and later by Dr. C. A. Purpus. Cereus vagans. Stems prostrate, branching, light green, but the younger stems and joints often purple, reaching 1 m. in length, 20-25 mm- *n diameter at base with roots springing from the whole length, texture rather dry and horny; ribs 8-9 rounded, elevated, well separated, not tuberculate; areolae of the same rib on old shoots 12-15 mm. asunder, woolly, the spines much shorter than the internodes. Spines slender but stiff, white or whitish, 3-6 mm. long, not regularly arranged radials 8-12 with 1-4 slender and longer bristly ones below, centrals 2-6 in two series. Collected by Mr. T. S. Brandegee on El Creston, an island in the harbor at Mazatlan, at various times, and later by Dr. C. A. Purpus, neither of them finding traces of flowers or fruit. It has been in cultivation in our green-house and in the open air for three years, and although it flourishes, some of the stems reach- ing 2 m. in length, it has not so far bloomed. I am sorry to have to describe a plant without flowers or fruit, but it is done in order to obviate a greater evil. It has gone into *Proc. Cal. Acad., ser. 2, iii, 223. 192 Notes on Cactece. [zoe trade under this name and there is always danger of such plants being loosely described and no type kept. Cereus pensilis. Ribs 8-10 little elevated, often lost in low tubercles; areolse 3-4 mm. in diameter about 2 cm. apart on the same rib; spines rather slender, bulbous at base, at first yellow, becoming reddish gray, on the young growth usually 8 radials, 1 central, all of about the same length—2 cm., in age somewhat longer, more numerous and arranged in about 3 series; flowers red, 5-6 cm. in length, with rather long and slender tube, the ex- pansion not equaling the length; areolae of the ovary and tube with yellowish wool and slender chestnut spines 1 cm. or more in length; fruit globular, spinose, 1^-2 cm. in diameter; seeds very numerous, black rugose, nearly 2 mm. long, very oblique at base. Collected by T. S. Brandegee, No. 246 of his "Flora of the Cape Region" in the Sierra de la I^aguna, Baja California, since collected by him in the same place on several occasions, and also by Dr. C. A. Purpus. It is perhaps also the plant mentioned* under C. Phoeniccus var. Pacificus as growing on cliffs at Comondu. It is a very conspicuos plant as it hangs six feet in length, with many scarlet red blossoms from the mountain ledges. Wherever it grows on levels, however, the branches are more or less upright and a foot or more long. It probably belongs to the § Echinocereus. Cereus (Echinocereus) sciurus. Densely cespitose forming clumps sometimes 2 feet in diameter, the numerous short, up- right heads covered with slender short spines, gray on the older parts, light yellowish brown with darker tips on the young growth; ribs 12-17, l°w an(^ much disconnected, on the growth of the year often entirely resolved into tubercles; areolae small soon naked, 5-8 mm. apart on the same rib; radial spines 15-18, centrals 1-6, laterals longest rarely reaching 15 mm. very slender, centrals little stouter; flowers 7 cm. long, about 9 cm. in expansion; ovary and tube densely spinose; petals in 2-4 rows *Proc. Cal. Acad., ser. 2, ii, 162. VOL. 5] Notes on Cactecs. bright magenta, paler towards the base the tips erose, acute, the outer surface marked with numerous striae; stamens numerous with greenish filaments and yellow anthers; pistil green with obtuse stigmas; seeds tuberculate about 1 mm. long. Collected by T. S. Brandegee April, 1897, on hills near San Jose del Cabo, Baja California. Mamillarla Poselgeri Hildm. Prof. Schumann identifies M. Roseana Brandg. with the above published in "Gartenflora" J885, p 559, abb. 131. The omission from "Monog. Cact." of this place of publication in a well known German journal was hardly excusable. M. Schumannii Hildm. To this species, very poorly charac- terized, Prof. Schumann refers, probably correctly, M. venusta Brandg. Mamillaria Ptinglei Coult. In previous notes* by some slip for which I cannot account, this species was compared with M. Carretii, with which it is in no way connected. The plant in- tended was M. Pfeifferi, with which it. appears to be entirely identical. Never having read over the paper until the prepara- tion of this paper, I was unaware of the confusion. M. obscura Hildm. To this M. Kleinschmidtiana Zeiss. ap- pears to be much more closely related than to M. angularis Lk. & Otto, where Prof. Schumann refers it. Mamillaria petrophila. lactescent, attaining a height and diameter of 15 cm. but ordinarily a third less, tubercles short with broad base; areolae soon naked; spines chestnut color, becoming paler in age; radials 10, about 1 cm. long, central 1, sometimes 2, stronger, darker, and nearly twice as long, all porrect spreading; axils densely clothed nearly to the base of the plant with unusually large and long tufts of fulvous wool in which the fruits are nearly hidden; flowers bright greenish-yel- low within and without, abruptly expanded above the ovary, 18-20 mm. long; petals and sepals hardly acute, lightly erose: stamens and 6-parted stigma the same color as the flower: berry small, roundish, color not noted; seeds reddish, smooth, less than 1 mm. in length. Zoe, V. 7. 194 Notes oji Cactece. [zoE 0 Collected by Mr. T. S. Brandegeeiu Sierra de la I/aguna, and Sierra San Francisquito in September and October, 1899, and later in the same general region by Dr. C. A. Purpus. Mamillaria lenta. Cespitose by dichotomous branching form- ing nearly flat-topped masses, the body thick and fleshy, the divisions 3-5 cm. in diameter and probably 1-2 cm. above ground: tubercles slenderly conical, about 1 cm. long, light green; areolse not woolly; spines all spreading and all alike excepting that the later formed are yellow in the center of young tubercles, they are so soft and fragile as to be difficult to count, but appear to be 30-40 in number; axils with short per- sistent wool and an occasional bristle; flowers not seen, fruit clavate, red, 1 cm. long, few-seeded; seeds dull black, more than 1 mm. long, tuberculate not punctate, strongly constricted above the hilum, the upper part globose. Collected by Dr. C. A. Purpus on rocks near Viesca in Coahuila, January, 1904. Opuntia Bradtiana (Coult.) For this plant Prof. Schumann adopts the name cereiformis. The history given below shows that the oldest descriptions, both under Cereus and Opuntia, belong to Bradtiana. Grusonia cereiformis Hort. Nicolai, nomen nudum 1894 Grusonia cereiformis, M. J. K., iv, no, no notice or description whatever of the plant—a dissertation by Dr. Schumann on the impropriety of catalogue names. Cereus Bradtianus Coult. Cont. Nat. Mus., iii, 406, (April, 1896) Grusonia cereiformis M. J. K., vi, 127, (August, 1896). Herr Xiebner announced that the plant to which this name nad been given was growing and was undoubtedly an Opuntia, as it showed the characteristic leaves. . Grusonia cereiformis Reichb. Jun. M. J. K. vi, 177, (Decem- ber, 1896) Schumann writes on seeing the plant growing in Rebut's collection; that there is on account of the leaves a "growing probability" of its belonging to Opuntia. Opuntia Bradtiana Brandegee, Krythea v, 121, (Nov. 24, 1897.) Opuntia cereiformisWeber in Bois' Diet. 897. March, 1898. VOL. 5] A New Calamintha. Opuntia cereiformis Web., Schumann in Monog. Cact. 660, 1898, Synonymy, Gruso?iia cereiformis, Cereus Bradiianus, O. Bradtiana. Prof. Schuman therefore has deliberately given priority to an undescribed catalogue name. No doubt cereiformis is the prefer- able name and the use of uneuphonious personal names for species is a crying evil, but no such reason could have influenced the author of E. Strausianus, Froelichianus, Soehrensii, O. Schwer- iniana, C. JLauterbachii, C. Damazioi, etc. The real reason, probably, is the one given in Monog. Cact. under M. centricirrha, which is adopted in spite of a dozen older names, because the plant is best known under that name in Ger- many. The few people living outside of Germany apparently do not count. A NEW CAI.AMINTHA. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. Calamintha Chandleri. Stems frutescent, branching, 1 m. high, forming clumps, upper parts pubescent: leaves orbicular or broadly ovate, with truncate or cuneate base, obtuse, crenate- serrate or entire, 1 cm. long and broad, slightly pubescent on the upper face, more so on the lower: petioles pubescent, 5 mm. long: flowers single or in 2-4-flowered cymes in the axils of the leaves; peduncles and pedicels 1-2 mm. long: bracts linear- lanceolate: calyx tubular-campanulate, slightly bilabiate, 6-7 mm. long; the teeth about 1 mm. long, triangular, acuminate, those of the lower lip slightly longer: corolla 13 mm. long, pubescent outside, cream-white; the tube straight, as long as the calyx; lobes of the lower lip 3 mm. long and broad, the middle one largest, those of the upper lip short: stamens conniving in pairs: style bearing a few scattered hairs nearly its whole length. Collected by H. P. Chandler near San Diego, California, on Mount San Miguel, May 21, 1904. August 19, 1905 PLANTS FROM SINALOA, MEXICO. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. The collection upon which this paper is based was made in Siualoa. August, 1904, I landed at Altata and from there went to Culiacan. The flora about this city and along the railway to Altata was collected during the months of September and Oc- tober. In November the plants growing about Cofradia and in the Cerro Colorado were collected. Cofradia and Cerro Colo- rado are east from Culiacan thirty or more miles, and near to the boundary line of the State of Durango. Cerro Colorado is a small mountain with peaks of red rock that are perhaps 2000 feet above sea level. Abundant rains fell during August, September and October, bringing forth a luxuriant vegetation and making it possible to find many species. The following pages contain in addition to descriptions of new species, only names of those plants whose distribution seems worthy of note. Sagittaria Greggii J. G. Smith. ? Growing five feet high in ponds about Culiacan. No mature fruit was collected. Awdropogon brevifolius Sw. Cerro Colorado. Andropogon fastigiatus Sw. Cofradia and very abundant on Cerro Colorado. Paspalum pyramidale Nees. Growing in ponds about Culiacan. Panicum Oaxacense Fourn. Cerro Colorado. Pcnnisetum setosum Rich. Cerro Colorado. Campulosus planifolius Presl. Identified at the Department of Agrostology, Washington, D. C. Erythea aculeata. Trunk 6-7 m. high: blade of the leaf 4-6 dm. long, cleft below the middle; the segments bifid at the apex, about forty in number, slightly filamentose with threads 2.5 dm. long: petioles slender, 5 dm, and more long, triangular in cross-section, armed upon the edges with slightly hooked spines that are 1 mm. long: fruit globular, somewhat flattened on one side, 2.5 cm. in diameter: embryo near the base on the dorsal side: albumen deeply excavated near the base of the ventral side forming a cavity 7 mm. long and half as wide. VOL. 5] Plants from Sz'na/oa, Mexico. 197 This palm is small and never becomes more than about twenty feet high. The petiole of my specimen is only 1 cm. wide. The dry fruit in appearance is much like that of E. edulis, but the excavation in the albumen is larger. The flowers are unknown. Abundant near Cofradia. Sabal sp. A handsome palm growing near Cofradia. Washingtonia Sonora Watson. A few slender palms, probably belonging to this species, grow on the Plaza of Culiacan. Tradescantia Palmeri Rose. Culiacan. Echeandia nodosa Watson. Culiacan, Cofradia. Pitcairnia monticola. Acaulescent: leaves linear, 4-6 mm. wide below the middle, 3-3.5 dm. long, attenuate to each end, margins entire, more or less flocculent-pubescent: the 2-dm. long peduncle and linear-acuminate bract-leaves white with a de- ciduous tomentum: lower bract-leaves armed with short, recurved spines: flowers 10—14, in a simple raceme 6-8 cm. long; pedicels about 8 mm. long; petals twice the length of the 2-cm. long sepals: bracts nearly as long or exceeding the sepals. Growing on the ground about the summit of Cerro Colorado. The color of the flower-bracts and sepals is light red and probably the petals when fresh are also red. The species is nearest P. Jaliscana, differing in its white tomentose peduncle and raceme, longer flower-bracts and smaller flowers. The specimens must have been more tomentose when young. Thalia geniculata 1,. Growing in shallow ponds about Culiacan. Trophis sp. Perhaps a form of T. Americana. The spikes of pistillate flowers are 1-4-flowered. A small tree growing on Cerro Colorado. Populus dimorpha. A rough-barked tree with a trunk be- coming 2 m. in thickness, spreading branches and 20 m. or more high: leaves of the young trees linear-lanceolate, attenuate into a very short petiole, 1-3 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, serrate: leaves of older trees deltoid-ovate, long-acuminate, 10 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, crenate-serrate, truncate or cuneate at base: petioles flat- tened, 5 cm. long: pistillate aments about 7 cm. long, growing from wood of the preceding year, much exceeded by the young 'IF •i'i 198 Plants from Szna/oa, Mexico. [zoE growth of the present year: capsule ovate-acuminate, 2-valved, 7 mm. long, opening in September. Common along the Culiacan, Humaya and Tamazula Rivers. The young trees bearing only linear leaves resemble willows, and until I saw older trees bearing also deltoid leaves was it cer- tain that they belonged to Popuhis. Trees that bear both sorts of foliage have numerous intermediate leaf forms. The aments growing from the almost leafless part of the branches gives the fruiting tree an appearance different from a typical cotton wood. All other species of the genus bloom in the early part of the year and soon mature their fruit. The wood is very soft and is brought into Culiacan to be made into boards. Staminate aments and pistillate flowers were not seen. Okenia hypogaa C. & S. Leaves with sinuate margins, sta- mens, 7, peduncles elongated to 15 cm. and more. Collected on sand dunes near Altata. Philoxerus vermicularis Moq. Growing on saline fiats about Altata. Cleome Sinaloensis. Annual, 3-4 dm. high, much branched, viscid-pubescent, somewhat rough to the touch: petioles 1.5-2 cm. long; leaflets 3, broadly ovate-acuminate, 2.5 cm. long, 1.4 cm. wide; bracts nearly sessile, glandular-pubescent: calyx lobes linear, 4 mm. long; petals a half longer, yellowish-white, spatu- late; stamens 6; pedicel of mature pod 2 cm. long; stipe 3 mm. long; capsule torulose, pointed at both ends, glabrous, 4-4.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide; seeds muricate and finely striate, 2.5 mm. in diameter. Collected in the vicinity of Culiacan. Drymaria effusa Gray. Cofradia. Compared with the type by Dr. J. M. Greenman. Acacia crinita. A bush 4-5 m. high, the unarmed young branches and petioles villous-hirsute with white or yellowish hairs that are 4-5 mm. long; petiole with rachis of the leaf 5-6 cm. long; pinnae 2-3 pairs 4-10 cm. long: leaflets 4-8 pairs, ovate- oblong, the longer 23 mm. long, 14 mm. wide, obtuse or retuse, glabrous on both surfaces; stipules linear-lanceolate, 8 mm. long, ciliate; the oblong or globular heads on axillar}'- peduncles 3-4 cm. long; flowers white: stamens very numerous; fruit unknown. VOL. 5] Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. 199 This slender bush grows on the slopes of the Cerro Colorado. It had not come into bloom, and diligent search was required to find a few flowering heads. Dr. Robinson obligingly compared specimens with A. villosa, to which it seems to be allied. Mimosa Palmeri Rose. Collected only in fruit. The pointed pubescent pod 3-4 cm. long, 3 mm, wide, 6-8 seeded and short- stipulate, is curved into a semi-circle. Common about Cofradia. Dr. Palmer collected it near Alamos in flower. Mimosa spirocarpa Rose. Spikes 12-14 cm. long. It formed no fruit. Common about Culiacan. Mimosa polyantha Benth., and its var., levior Rob., are abund- ant about Culiacan. Mimosa distachya Cav. Near Altata. Mimosa asperata ~L,. var. Berlandieri Rob. Much less pubescent and strigilose than Pringle's 3798. Pithecolobiuvi. Several species were collected and have not been determined. Calliandra rupestris. A small tree 4 m. high, the branches unarmed, brown, glabrous: internodes 3-6 cm. long; petioles 14 mm. long; pinnae 1 pair, 7 mm. long, slightly pubescent: leaflets 2 pairs, the veins conspicuous, the inner one of the lower pair small; terminal leaflets oblique-ovate, obtuse or somewhat pointed, apiculate, 3 cm. long, 15 mm. wide, glabrous excepting a few marginal hairs; larger leaflet of lower pair similar to those of the upper pair, the inner one rarely absent, 2-7 mm. long; stipules broadly lanceolate, 4 mm. long; flowers sessile in heads on peduncles 12 mm; long, one or two from the axils: calyx 2 mm. long, the short teeth rufous-pubescent; corolla 5 mm. long; stamens 10, 3-5 cm. long, dark purple below shading into a lighter color above; legume unknown. Growing among large rocks in a canon near Cofradia. From their described characters this species seems to be near C. tergemina and C. Seemanni. Calliandra Coulteti Watson. A form with 14-15 pairs of nar- row leaflets and often 4 pairs of pinnae. Growing in shade of bushes and trees near Culiacan. Calliandra grandiflora Benth. Cofradia. 2OO Plants from Sz'naloa, Mexico. [zoe Lysiloma Watsoni Rose. Cofradia. Lysiloma sp. Nearly glabrous, with large semicordate stipules that persist. Collected only in flower. Near the plant collected by Pringle in Rincon Mts., Arizona, 1884. Bauhinia (JPauletia) chlorantha. A bush 2-3 m. high, the sulcate stems finely pubescent; leaves orbicular in circumscrip- tion, cordate, bilobed one-quarter of their length, the lobes rounded, pubescent on the 7-9 nerves beneath, 4-5 cm. long and wide; petioles 15 mm. long, pubescent; the stipules are slightly re- curved prickles 5 mm. long and 4 mm. broad or less at the base; flowers in pairs in a terminal raceme or from the upper axils; peduncles 2 cm. long; calyx 10-12 .cm. long, finely pubescent; stamens united near the base, 5 fertile, with narrow, pointed anthers 18 mm. long, the others with as long filaments and shorter, linear-lanceolate, rudimentary anthers; petals narrowly linear, not half as long as the stamens; pistil of the open flower 14-15 cm. long, exceeding the filaments; stipe of the pubescent ovary 7-8 cm. long: legume pubescent, 20-22 cm. long, 15 mm. wide, acuminate, plane. This species is near B. leptopetala DC., but differs from it as figured in Caiques des Dess. Fl. Mex., in having rounded lobes to the 9-nerved leaf, larger flowers and longer petals. The flowers of B. chlorantha have nearly the color of the surrounding vege- tation. Collected in the vicinity of Culiacan. Krameria prostrata. The hirsute stems prostrate, sparingly branched, 3-4 dm. long; larger leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly sessile, 2 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, hirsute beneath; flowers on 2-bracted peduncles 1 cm. long; sepals 1 cm. long; the three upper petals united three-fourths their length; stamens united near their bases; capsule globose, white silky-pubescent, 8 mm. in diameter; the spines subulate, 1 mm. long. Collected at Cofradia. The slender stems of this species are not woody and the plant spreads flat upon the ground amongst other vegetation and but for the purple sepals would not be con- spicuous. vol. 5] Plants from Sz'na/oa, Mexico. 201 Parkinsonia aculeata I,. This small tree grows abundantly about Culiacan in depressions that after heavy rains are filled with water. Hcematoxylon boreale Watson. Very common about Culiacan. Crotalaria eriocarpa Benth. Abundant about Cofradia. Crotalaria Maypute?isis HBK.? A single specimen in fruit was collected at Cofradia. It is nearly the same as Pringle's 4818, but has even more foliaceous stipules. Dalea revoluta Watson. A perennial growing in dense clumps. The specimens are the same as those collected by the Lumholtz Expedition in Sonora. Dalea diffusa Moric. Cofradia. Dalia minor (Rose). Prostrate, spreading. Cofradia. Tephrosia Toxicaria Pers. Cofradia and Cerro Colorado. Tephrosia multifolia Rose. Not typical. leaves more acumi- nate and cuneate at base. Flowers white, tinged with purple, vexillary stamen free only at base. A bush six feet high. Cerro Colorado. Tephrosia rhodantha. Several stems 4-5 dm. high from a perennial root, hirsute with short spreading hairs and fewer much longer ones intermixed; leaves 10 cm. long and less with a short petiole 1 cm. long; leaflets 2.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, ob- long, rounded at each end, nerves prominent beneath, acuminate with the excurrent midnerve, appressed white-hirsute upon both sides, whiter beneath, nearly sessile, about 8 pairs and a terminal one; stipules linear-lanceolate, 7 mm. long; flowers in terminal and axillary spikes 2 dm. long or less; bracts linear-lanceolate, 5 mm. long; calyx 2 mm. broad and long, the linear-lanceolate teeth longer than the purple-tinged tube, appressed white-hirsute; flowers brick-red: banner 1 cm. long, slightly exceeding the keel: vexillary stamen free; mature legume sessile in the calyx, 6.5 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, slightly curved toward the tip, spar- ingly hirsute, acuminate. Collected at Cofradia. &schynomene Acapulcensis Rose. The specimens are -much younger than Dr. Palmer's and consequently more viscid. The plants are villous-pubescent. Cerro Colorado. 2O2 Plants from Smaloa, Mexico. [zoe Aischynomene amorphoides Rose. A bush or small tree 15 feet high in the Cerro Colorado. Zornia diphylla Pers. The western Mexican and IyOwer Cali- fornia specimens differ from those of Central Mexico somewhat. The more acute leaves are larger and the bracts are not so evidently punctate. There are also other minor differences. Desmodium gramineum Gray. Cerro Colorado. Desmodium orbiculare Schl. Cerro Colorado. Desmodium {Chalarium) chartaceum. Frutescent, 2 m. high, the weak stems drooping at the ends, the younger growth, pedicels and branches of the panicle furnished with few, short, weak, uncinate hairs, otherwise glabrous; leaflets chartaceous, three or sometimes one: the terminal one, 6 cm. or less long, 20-22 mm. wide near the rounded base and then tapering to an obtuse or retuse apex that is rarely minutely mucronate: the lateral leaflets 15 mm. below the terminal, half its length, the same width and more oval in outline; petiole 1-3.5 cm- ^onS> stipules 7 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, striate, soon deciduous; the leafless branching panicle 2 dm. long, pedicels 1-1.5 cm- long; calyx lobes 2 mm. long exceeding the tube; corolla purple, 8 mm. long; legume flat, stipitate, 23 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; joints 5, elliptical. Near D. Ghiesbreghtii Hemsley, judging from its description. Cerro Colorado. Centrosema sagittaia H. & B. Cofradia. Canavalia acuminaia Rose. Culiacan and Cofradia. Rhynchosia rupicola. Stems twining, 1 m. long, whole plant glandular-pubescent: petiole 1-2 cm. long: terminal leaflet ovate-acuminate, 3-3.5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide; lateral leaflets oblique-ovate, all resinous-dotted on under side: stipules triangu- lar-lanceolate: racemes with 2-3 branches, axillary, 9-12 cm. long, 3-4 times exceeding the leaves: calyx 5-toothed, the two superior teeth slightly united at base, the lower tooth 6 mm. long, twice as long as the others and three tiuies the length of the tube, all linear-lanceolate: banner 12 mm. long, striped with brown; wings yellow; keel violet and yellow: legume 2 cm. long, 8 mm. wide; seeds 2, black; hilum linear with funicle at- tached to the end: vexillary stamen free. VOL. 5] Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. 203 This plant is so glutinous that the stems stick together when collected; It differs from most species of the genus in having branched racemes and the attachment of the seed. Growing among rocks of the highest elevations of the Cerro Colorado. Phaseolus rubescens Brandegee. This species was described from specimens collected in the Cape Region of Baja California. It is common on the low lands west of Culiacan. Dr. Palmer's 104 from Acapulco is the same species. Erythroxylon sp. Probably the same species that Dr. Rose found at Tepic. Altata. Guadichaudia fiilipendula Juss. Culiacan and Cofradia. Heteropteris arborescens. A large bush or small tree 4-5 m. high with a spreading top; branches light brown thickly covered with small lenticles; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 7 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, glabrous, biglandular on the nerves near the base or on the 6-10 mm. long, pubescent petiole; fruiting calyx 8-glandular; fruit in terminal or axillary panicles with brown- pubescent peduncles and pedicels, without crests; samarse usually two, 3 cm. long: the wing 1.5 cm. broad above, straw-colored shading into bright red toward the margin; flowers not seen. This small tree grows on the steep slopes of the Cerro Colo- rado, where its crowded brilliant fruit makes it very conspicuous. Heteropteris Palmeri Rose? Seen only in fruit. Common about Cofradia. Janusia Mexicana. Stems suffruticose, twining, 1 m. long and less, the new growth pubescent; larger leaves ovate acumi- nate, mucronate, pubescent, lighter colored beneath, 5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide; petioles 5 mm. long; infloresence axillary in 3-4 flowered corymbs; peduncle 4 mm. long; pedicels 3-5 mm. long, with two leafy bracts at their bases, white-hirsute; bractlets minute; petals 5, clawed, 8 mm. long, the orbicular dentate- lacerate limb 5 mm. in diameter, orange-yellow; fertile stamens two, their filaments 4 mm. long, united near the base; the anthers orbicular, glabrous; style basilar, exceeding the stamens; stigma capitate; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate, two biglandular, two uniglandular, one usually glandless, glands deciduous with age; mature fruit one carpel, dorsal wing 1 cm. long, 5 mm. 204 Plants from Sznaloa, Mexico. [zoe broad, the lateral wings short, with a short crest. No cleisto- gamous flowers were found with the specimens. Cerro Colo- rado and Culiacan. Galphimia vestita Watson. It differs from the description in having bracts shorter than the pedicel and rarely glands on the leaves. Cofradia. Malpighia umbellata Rose. A bush bearing an abundance of light pink handsome flowers. Culiacan. Brysonima crassifolia HBK. Cerro Colorado. Zanthoxylum arborescens Rose. Culiacan and Cofradia. Zanthoxylum Pterota HBK. Culiacan. Bursera collina. Branches glabrous; leaves except the ter- minal 2-3 pairs of pinnae bipinnate, 7-15 cm. long, rachis pubes- cent and narrowly winged; pinnae 3 cm. long; leaflets 2-3 pairs, ovate-acuminate, cuneate at base, 1-2.5 cm- ^ong> 4~7 mm- wide, deeply crenate-serrate, sparingly pubescent, darker green above; fruit 1 cm. long, glabrous; peduncles 2-6 cm. long. This species is near B. diversifolia. Cofradia. Bursera tenuifiora Rose. Culiacan. Bursera Palmeri Watson. Culiacan. Bursera laxiflora Watson. Culiacan. Bursera bipinnata Bngler. Cerro Colorado. Trichilia Colimana C. DC? The leaves are pubescent, the panicles vary from one-quarter to one-half the length of the leaf and sometimes bear small leaflets. Culiacan. Polygala glochidiata HBK. Cerro Colorado. Poly gala Albowiana Chodat. Nearly the same as Pringle's 3876. Cerro Colorado, Cofradia. Polygala collina. Perennial, stems 3 dm. high, pubescent, sparingly branched; leaves alternate, puberulent, ovate-lanceolate, attenuate at base into a short petiole, 3-4 cm. long, 7 mm. wide, the lower much smaller; infloresence on axillary or supra-axillary flowered racemes that are shorter or longer than the leaves; few lower pair of sepals connate, upper sepal glandular on the margin, entire calyx persisting in fruit; wings obovate, inequilateral, shorter than the capsule, 4 mm. long; keel without crest, yellow- ish white; petals purple; capsule elliptic-oblong, glabrous; seeds voi,. 5] Plants from Sma/oa, Mexico. 205 cylindrical, appressed-hairy; caruncle large, white, curved, 2-horned. Growing in the Cerro Colorado. The flowers and fruit of this species are the same as those of P. grandifiora Walt., but the axillary infloresence gives it a very different appearance. Polygala setifera. Annual, branching from above the base, glabrous, 15 cm. high and less; leaves 8-12 mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, alternate, obovate, apiculate or setiferous at the tip, attenu- ate to a short petiole or sessile base and decurrent on the stem as a wing 1 cm. or more; spikes terminating the branches, 1-2.5 cm. long, densely flowered, the conspicuous, setiferous bracts ex- ceeding the yellowish white flowers: wings broadly obovate, 2.5 mm. long; sepals long-setiform, broadened at the base; keel crested with 5-6 processes; cells of the capsule unequal; seeds dark brown, short pilose, nearly cylindrical, rounded at ends, caruncle half their length; stigma penicillate. Collected on grassy slopes of Cerro Colorado. Sebastiana Mexicana. Herbaceous: stems slightly pubescent, angled: leaves alternate, ovate-acuminate, often cordate at base, entire or serrulate, with few short hairs upon both surfaces and margins, 2-4 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm- wide; petioles pubescent, 5 mm. long: racemes axillary and terminal, much shorter than the leaves, the solitary pistillate flower at the base: staminate flowers minute, 1-2 with each bract, sessile: sepals 3, rose-colored; stamens 3, not exceeding the sepals: pistillate flower on a pedicel 1 mm. long; sepals 3; styles not united: capsule smooth, 4 mm. long, short-cylindrical, furnished with 6 subulate horns near the top and 6 similar ones near the base: seed nearly cylindrical; caruncle large, stipitate, disk-shaped and umbonate. This species belongs to § Microstachys as defined by Miiller in DC. Prodromus. Unfortunately only a few herbaceous branches were collected. Many of the leaves are purple-tinged. Culiacan. Croton jucundus. Several herbaceous, sparingly stellate- pubescent, branching stems from a perennial root, 1 m. high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, 6-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, nearly glabrous above, sparingly stellate-pubescent below, more pubescent when young, 3-nerved at base and pin. \ Ui 2O6 Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. [zoe nately 8-10 nerved; margins entire and bearing few or many short-stipitate glands; base of the blade furnished with 4-8 long- stipitate glands; petiole x/i as long as the blade, sparingly stellate pubescent; stipules linear-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long bearing longer stipitate glands: racemes monoecious, 3-6 cm. long with 2-7 pistillate flowers below: bracts linear, bearing long stipitate glands: pistillate flowers on pedicels 2-3 mm. long, apetalous; sepals 5, linear-lanceolate, 8 mm. long, stellate-pubescent, stipi- tate-glandular on the margins; styles 3 mm. long, 4-cleft to below the middle; ovary densely stellate-pubescent: staminate flowers on pedicels 1 mm. long; stamens about 12; sepals ovate-acumi- nate, stellate-pubescent, 1.5 mm. long; petals twice as long, spatulate; receptacle pilose; capsule shorter than the calyx lobes, stellate-pubesceu t. This plant grows on the low, level lands about Yerba Buena near Altata. It is very fragrant when living and the same odor is noticed when boiling the dried plant. The stipitate glands are much like those of C. ciliato-glanduloszis. Jatropha canescens Muell Yerba Buena, Altata. Jatropha purpurea Rose. Culiacan. Jatropha vernicosa. A bush 2-4 meters high, glabrous throughout; dioecious: leaves ovate-acuminate, cordate, 5-7 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, dark green and shining, pinnately veined, the margin bearing numer- ous sessile glands; petioles 3-7 cm. long; stipules represented by sessile glands; pistillate flowers usually solitary, terminating the branches; pedicels 2-3 cm. long; calyx lobes 5, distinct to the base, foliaceous, ovate, 5 mm. long, margined with sessile glands, glutinous and shining; petals ligulate, equalling the calyx, white or sometimes with a tinge of purple, distinct; disk entire; styles the same number as cells of the ovary (two with my specimens), distinct to the base and divided to the middle: capsule subglobose, 2 cm. in diameter: stami- nate flowerscymose-corymbose, the peduncles shorter than the leaves; calyx lobes elliptical, slightly united at base; stamens 10; glands of the disk five. Common at middle elevations of the Cape Region mountains of Baja California. In general habit much resembling./, canescens of the same region, a species there also dioecious. I have plants of both species in cultivation and they thrive well in their new habitat. The construction of the flower of J. vernicosa shows that it belongs to § Adenoropium of Benth. & Hook. My specimens of the Cape Region incorrectly named J. cordata belong to this new species. Specimens of J. canescens from Altata are monoecious. vol. 5] Plants from Sinaloa^ Mexico. 207 Croton Californicus Muell. Arg. Altata. Croton elcegnoides Watson. Culiacan. Croton glandulosus I,. Culiacan. Croton lobatus I,. Culiacan. Phyllanthus evanescens. Annual, stem simple, slightly- winged below each leaf, erect, 2-2.5 dm. high, slightly puberu- lent; leaves glabrous, alternate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at base, 2.5 cm. long, 18 mm. wide; petioles 1 mm. long; one pistillate with 2-3 staminate flowers in the axils of the leaves: styles of pistillate flower, short, divided; calyx lobes, six, ovate, l^aline- margined, finally recurved; fruit 2.5 mm. in diameter, on re- curved pedicels 1.5 mm. long; seeds sharply angled, minutely roughened, not striate; staminate flowers with shorter pedicels, anthers three, globose, sessile. Growing during the early part of the rainy season under bushes and trees about Culiacan. Sapium biglandulosum Mull. Culiacan. Acalypha alopecuroides Jacq. Culiacan. Acalypha subviscida Watson. Cerro Colorado. Acalypha polystachya Jacq. Culiacan. Dalechampia scandens T,. Culiacan and Cofradia. Euphorbia {Cyttarospermum) Cofradiana. Annual, erect, branching, 2-3 dm. high, slightly pubescent; upper leaves oppo- site, broadly ovate, rounded at the tip, cuneate at base, setulose on both surfaces, paler beneath, the larger 3 cm. long, nearly as wide, on petioles twice as long, those from the short axillary branches much smaller; flowers axillary, solitary, on pedicels 5 mm. long; involucres turbinate, less than 1 mm. high, setulose, the short lobes linear-lanceolate, lacerate; glands 5, each with 4 finger-like appendages; styles divided and distinct to the base; capsule setulose, 1.5 mm. in width: seed orbicular, pitted with numerous crater-like depressions. Collected at Cofradia. This species is near E. calicola Fernald, but is not "viscid-setulose with long pale hairs," the involucre is turbinate instead of campanulate, the flowers are on much shorter pedicels and there are other minute differences. From E. astroites it seems also to be distinct. 2O8 Plants from Sznaloa, Mexico. [zoe Euphorbia (Cyttarospermum) Humayensis. Annual, freely branching, 3-4 dm. high, slightly pubescent, glandular about the ends of the branches; leaves nearly as broad as long, rounded at the tip, cuneate at base, slightly setulose on both surfaces, paler beneath, the larger 3 cm. long on much longer petioles; flowers solitary in the axils on pedicels 4 mm. long and less; involucres small, turbinate, setulose, lobes liuear, lacerate; glands 5; appendages 0.25 mm. long, light green, entire; styles distinct and divided to the base; capsule glabrous, its stipe 2 mm. long: seeds orbicular, with numerous, acute-margined, crater-like pits. This species was collected at Culiacan, on Cerro Colorado and in the foot-hills near Todos Santos of the Cape Region of Baja California. In general appearance it resembles E. delicatula Boiss., which is not glandular, has subpeltate leaves and is different in other respects. The Baja California specimens have larger leaves. Euphorbia {Zygopkyllidium) Sinaloensis. Annual, 1 m. high and less, much branched, glabrous throughout; leaves thin in texture, paler beneath, broadly ovate, obtusely pointed, cuneate at base, the largest 2 cm. wide, 3-5 cm. long; petioles 4 cm. long; flowers solitary or rarely two from the axils on pedicels 4 mm. long and less; lobes of the involucre quadrate, slightly fimbriate, white; glands 5, orbicular; appendages clear white, 2 mm. long, oblong, entire or slightly undulate; styles united near the base and divided half their length; capsule on a stipe 5 mm. long; seeds obtusely 6-angled, pointed at the top, granular- roughened, crenate on the angles. A handsome delicate species from Cerro Colorado. The clear white appendages to the glands render it very conspicuous. Euphorbia dioscorioides Boiss. Culiacan. Euphorbia Francoana Boiss. Cofradia. Euphorbia Colimcz Rose. A form with larger leaves and smaller bracts. Culiacan and Cofradia. Euphorbia stibreniforme Watson. Cofradia. Euphorbia Californica Benth. Culiacan. Euphorbia fiorida Knglm. Involucre and appendages bright violet. Cofradia There are traces of this color in Dr. Palmer's VOL. 5] Plants from Sz'na/oa, Mexico. 209 Guaymas specimens. On the sand near the coast at Altata there is a prostrate form, widely spreading. Euphorbia adenoptera Bertol. A conspicuous form on account of the large, bright red appendages to the glands. Cofradia. Euphorbia villifera Scheele. Cofradia and Cerro Colorado. The smaller plants belong to var. nuda and the larger are more or less villous about the lower part of the stems. Euphorbia pediculifera Englm. Var. inornata. Glands with- out appendages, other characters those of the species. Cofradia. Euphorbia gracillima Watson. Culiacan and Cofradia. Com- pared with the type by Dr. J- M. Greenman. Pedilanthus rubescens. Stems numerous, 1-2 in. high, much- branched; leaves nearly glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, cuneate at base into a short petiole, 9 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, the upper and floral brick red, midrib winged and excurrent at the tip; involucre pubescent, cuneate at base, 15 mm. long; the two inferior lobes oblong-oval; the two intermediate ones narrow-linear, erose at apex, united with the two larger four-fifths their length; fifth lobe linear-acuminate; appendix bearing two fleshy deltoid, acuminate, bilobed segments; filaments glabrous; capsule smooth, on a stipe 1 cm. long, tipped when young with a style nearly as long, 12 mm. wide; seeds dark brown, pubescent, quadrangular, oblong, pointed. This species is not uncommon about Culiacan, growing in the shade of other larger vegetation. The brick red color of the involucres and floral leaves is conspicuous. The plant is con- sidered poisonous by the people of the neighborhood. Hippocratea Mexicana Miers. Cerro Colorado, and an unde- termined species from Cofradia. Heliocarpus glaber. A bush or small tree with spreading top; branches rough with remains of old glands: leaves glabrous, cordate or rounded at base, ovate-acuminate, serrate with rounded teeth, 5-nerved, 10 cm. long, 8 cm. wide, on puberulent petioles 7-9 cm. long; infloresence a large, spreading panicle; pedicels 2-3 mm long, stellate-pubescent; stipe less than 1 mm. long; fruit orbicular or oval, 6 mm. in diameter including the plumose i ¦i IHI 2IO Plants from Sznaloa, Mexico. [zoE fringe that is shorter than the stellate-pubescent body. Cerro Colorado. A flowering bush that seems to belong to this species was found on a sand bar of the Humaya River near Culiacan, where perhaps the seed had been brought by the water from the moun- tains. The calyx lobes are thickened at their tips and extended at right angles to the bud into a short horn. The petals shorter than the calyx are white, the stamens are short and the ovary white stellate-canescent. The calyx lobes and petals are often five. Zizyphus Sonorensis Watson. Altata. Wissadula elongata. Annual: stem unbranched, 8 dm. high or less, pubescent; leaves slightly pubescent, very broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, cordate, repand-serrate, the largest 15 cm. long, 16-18 cm. wide, on petioles 12 cm. long, all growing from about the middle of the stem; inflorescence nearly sessile in an inconspicuously bracted spike, 4 dm. or less long; calyx lobes broadly triangular, short; petals yellow, 4 mm. long; carpels 5, tementose, obtusely pointed, longer than the calyx; seeds 3, pubescent. Not uncommon about Cofradia and also found near Culiacan. The stem is leafless below, all the leaves growing from near the middle. It bears usually a single spike, but rarely in luxuriant specimens there are two. Wissadula paniculata Rose, was collected at Cofradia and near Culiacan. It is a very handsome bush, sometimes 8 ft. high, with large, dense panicles of orange-colored flowers terminating the drooping branches. Wissadula wissaduloides Rose. This bush is abundant in the vicinity of Cofradia. The flowers are white. Wissadula incana. Stems woody, grayish green, minutely pubescent, 1 m. high; leaves cordate, ovate, 5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide or less, long-acuminate, crenate-serrate; petioles 4 cm. long; panicle lax, bearing small leaves or bracts; petals 4 mm. long, white drying slightly purple; calyx lobes triangular-acuminate; stamineal column short; carpels 3, obtuse, muticous: the two VOL. 5] Plants from Sz'na/oa, Mexico. 211 collateral seeds minutely tuberculate-roughened, the lower seed stellate-pubescent, with a white-tomentose cap. This species is near W. wissaduloides and differs from my im- mature specimens collected near the type locality in being minutely pubescent like Abutiloii incanum, with no glandular hairs and in its more diffuse and less leafy panicle. Common about Culiacan. Hibiscus Coulieri Harv. Growing on the hills near Culiacan. Hibiscus violaceus. Woody at base, im high, with few erect stems, sparingly branched above, glabrous; leaves ovate-acumi- nate, cuneate, truncate or rarely slightly cordate at base, crenate- serrate, sometimes a few simple hairs on the paler under surface, the largest 6 cm. wide, 8 cm. long, on petioles 2 cm. long; inflo- rescence axillary, usually of single flowers on pedicels 3-4 cm. long; distinct bractlets of the involucel 12 mm long, much ex- ceeding the calyx lobes, linear-lanceolate; lobes of the five-parted calyx deltoid-lanceolate; petals 12 mm. long, violet; capsule shorter than the calyx, with few long bristles; seed densely covered with long wool. Culiacan and Cofradia, growing in shaded canons. The plants bear few flowers and are never numerous. Kosteletzkya paniculata Benth. Cerro Colorado. Kosteletzkya sp. Culiacan. Malvaviscus rivularis. Shrubby, branched, 1 m. high; young branches densely stellate-pubescent; leaves ovate-lanceo- late, cuneate at base, serrate, rarely trilobed near the tip, largest 8 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, digitately 5-7 nerved, sparingly pubes- cent above, more so below, especially on the nerves; petioles 1-2 cm. long, densely pubescent: flowers axillary near the ends of the branches, or terminal, solitary on pubescent peduncles 1-2 cm. long: bractlets of the involucre 8, linear-lanceolate, 12-14 mm- long, shorter than the calyx; calyx lobes triangular, half as long as the tube, pubescent; petals crimson, 15 mm. long, with few stellate hairs on the outside near their tips: auricle ciliate with long hairs: stainineal column double the length of the petals; style branches short, 5. August 29, 1905. 212 Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. [zoE Growing on the banks of the Cofradia River. It is known by the name "Media Noche." Most species of Malvaviscus have cordate leaves and this one differs also from the characters of the genus in having five stigmas instead of ten. M. Sepium in my collection of Pringle, No. 8201 has only five stigmas. This new species is nearest M. lanceolata Rose. Malachra capitata L. Culiacan, growing about dwellings. Periptera punicea DC. The specimens are young and lack mature fruit. They seem to agree with the figure of this species in Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. V. 173. Collected on the Cerro Colorado. Abutilon incanum Sweet. Culiacan. Abutilon crispum Don. Yervacito. Several species of Abutilon have not been identified. 5ida longifolia. Stems erect from a ligneous root, 4 dm. high, sparingly hirsute and more or less scabrous with small, pointed tubercles; leaves linear-lanceolate, slightly rounded at base, 12 cm. long, 8-9 mm. wide, sparingly hirsute upon both faces, entire, ciliate; petiole 8 mm. long, rarely with "a spinose tubercle at the base; stipules as long as the petiole; inflorescence terminal or crowded at the ends of axillary branches that are 4 cm. long and less, shorter than the subtending leaf and bearing 1-3 linear leaves; calyx lobes triangular, hirsute, as long as the tube: corolla yellow, 1 cm. in diameter; pedicels hirsute, 5 mm. long; carpels 5, with two short cusps, indehiscent; seeds smooth. Collected on the Cerro Colorado. Sida Lodiegensis Baker f. The plant is common between Imala and Cofradia. The flowers of my specimens are yellow when dried. It grows in clumps of many stems about a foot and a half high and blossoms in November. Sida aggregata Presl. Carpels more than five. The Cofradia form has three-lobed lower leaves. Culiacan and Cofradia. Sida anomala St. Hill. Culiacan. Sida salvicefolia Presl. Culiacan. Sida Alamosana Watson. The specimens referred to this species are always annual and variable in their characters. They are not typical except in the structure of the carpels and are VOL. 5] Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. 213 rarely glandular. Culiacan, Cofradia and from the mountains about San Jose del Cabo, Baja California. Anoda reticulata Watson. Cerro Colorado. The type came from Arizona. Anoda crenatiflora Ort. Cofradia and Culiacan. Anoda pentaschista Gray. Culiacan. Helideres mollis Presl. Cerro Colorado. Melochia serrata Benth. Culiacan. Melochia speciosa Watson. A spreading bush 4-6 feet high and very handsome when in flower. Common east of Altata reaching nearly to Culiacan. The stellate pubescence of the leaves is denser and finer than that of the Guaymas type specimens. Waltheriaacuminata'R.ose. Sometimes 15 feet high. Cofradia. Buettneria tiliafolia Presl. Nearest this species of any de- scribed in Reliquiae Haenkeanae. It is a bush with weak, green, reclining stems. Common in canons about Culiacan lonidium lasiocarpum Presl. A small shrub growing in shade of trees. It agrees nearly with the description in Reliquiae Haenkeanae. Culiacan and Cofradia. Amoreuxia palmatifida DC. Culiacan. Carica? sp. A plant evidently near C. caudata of the Cape Region of Baja California. Its local name is "Quadratos" and the fruit is said to be edible, but as is the case with many Mexican plants said to be good to eat, a good appetite is the first requisi- tion. This plant is erect, about a foot high, and bears large deltoid 3-lobed leaves. The fruit, about a dozen to each plant, 1-2 inches long, is born on a spike, is bright red, 5-angled, ovate, truncate at top and with five sharp points in place of the "tails" of C. caudata. It was found only in fruit and but one plant was seen with the fruit attached. At maturity the whole plant disappears and only a circle of the bright red fruit marks the place where it grew. It is not uncommon about Cofradia. Mentzelia adherens Benth. Cerro Colorado. Cuphea delicatula. Annual, diffusely spreading from the base, 1 dm. high or less; stems geniculate, slightly puberulent and bearing few, short, soft, triangular bristles; leaves unequal, linear, obtuse, revolute, sparingly bristly on the margins, sessile 214 Plants from Stnaloa, Mexico. [ZOE with a slightly auriculate base, the larger 15-20 mm. long, the opposite one 2-7 mm. long; pedicels solitary, 4-5 mm. long, bractless; calyx tube 4-5 mm. long; spur triangular, 1-2 mm. long; dorsal lobes salmon yellow; the 4 ventral, dark violet, oval petals 3 mm. long, on short claws; the dorsal petals slightly smaller, on filiform claws, lavender-colored: the 9 ventral sta- mens subequal, two very tomentose, the 2 dorsal much smaller; disk dorsal; ovules 4; seeds orbicular with a narrow margin. Cofradia and Cerro Colorado. Growing in thin, rocky soil that soon becomes dry. Cziphea lobophora Koehne. Various forms were collected at Culiacan. Cofradia and Cerro Colorado. Cuphea Palmeri Watson. The plant referred to this species grows about Culiacan during the early part of the rainy season. The leaves are ovate-lanceolate and the four ventral petals white. Cuphea Humayana. Annual; stem simple, erect 3—4 dm. high, pubescent and glandular; leaves ovate-acuminate, cordate to cuneate at base, 2.5 cm. and less wide, 5 cm. and less long, scabrous-hirsute on both faces; petioles 1.5 cm. long; flowers usually two from about the axils of the upper leaves and the linear-lanceolate, ciliate bracts; calyx 11-13 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide, at maturity closed by the produced dorsal lobe, hirsute, slightly gibbous; pedicels 3 mm. long; dorsal petals obovate, on long claws, purple, the 4 ventral white, linear and shorter; stamens included, the filaments more or. less bearded; disk erect; seeds brown, 3. This Cuphea belongs to § Heterodon. It differs from C. Palmeri in the broader, less gibbous calyx, the larger, often cordate leaves and in having no scales below the dorsal petals, also the seeds are only three. Collected on low damp ground near Culiacan. Ammania auriculata Willd. Growing in mud-depressions along the rivers. Culiacan. Rotala dentifera Koehne. Culiacan. Lennoa madreporoides Uav. & Lex.? Parasitic on Boerhaavia. Growing in sand near Culiacan. 5] Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. 215 Miconia saxicola. Several woody stems from the root, 1-2 dm. high forming a small compact bush, tawny hirsute-pubescent: leaves broadly ovate-acuminate, the largest with a blade 14 cm. long, 10 cm. wide, cordate, setulose on the upper face, pubescent- setulose below, margins slightly repand-denticulate, the teeth terminating in a short stout bristle, 5-7 nerved from the base, the opposite one often much smaller; petioles 4-10 cm. long, hirsute-pubescent: inflorescence in lax corymbose panicles, that are shorter than the leaves and about 6-flowered; calyx becoming urceolate when the fruit is mature, 7-10 mm. high, tawny pu- bescent; lobes 6, quadrate, hyaline-margined, setulose; exteriorly furnished with a linear-lanceolate, setose-tipped appendage of equal length: petals 6, broadly obovate, white, 11 mm. long, sta- mens 12, 1 cm. long; anthers as long as the filaments: fruit coria- ceous, nearly spherical, 6-7 mm. in diameter, 5-celled, adherent to the calyx excepting the convex, glabrous top: seeds numerous. Growing on cliffs of the Cerro Colorado. Ardisia scopulina. A tree 5-7 m. high, glabrous throughout; leaves 15 cm. long, 6 cm. wide, obovate, pointed, gradually cuneate into a petiole 1 cm. long, the margins entire and some- what revolute, rather thick in texture, minutely and obscurely dotted: inflorescence many-flowered in bipinnate panicles about as long as the leaves; pedicels 6 mm. long; flowers 4 mm. long; sepals almost free, ovate, 4 mm. long, minutely ciliate, furnished with dark lines and dots; petals connate one-fourth their length, recurved, 6 mm. long, lobes sublingulate-acuminate and marked by numerous short, dark lines; stamens inserted below a yellow puberulent ring; anthers apiculate, the cells open their whole length. Collected in rocky canons about Cofradia and Cerro Colorado. This species is related to A. escallanioides Ch. & Sch., but has a dextrorse arrangement of the petals in the bud, is glabrous, has larger leaves and a bipinnate panicle. Mitreola petiolata T. & G. Growing in damp soil at Cofradia and Culiacan. Rauwolfia heterophylla R. & S. Culiacan and Cofradia. Thevetia cuneifolia A. DC. Culiacan. 2l6 Plants fro?n Sz'na/oa, Mexico. [zoe Macrosiphonia hypoleuca Muell. Arg. Cerro Colorado. Stemmadenia Palmeri Rose. Cofradia. Philibertia crassifolia Hemsley. Compared with 4849 of Pringle's collection from Oaxaca, the follicles are slightly more pnbescent, the corolla perhaps of thicker texture and less pu- bescent. Growing in a single locality on the banks of the Tamazula River near Culiacan, where the seed may have been brought from the mountains. Metastelma cuneata. Twining 2-3 m., glabrous excepting the pubescent lines of the stem; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acumi- nate, cuneate or nearly obtuse at base, the largest 3 cm. long, 17 mm. wide, on petioles 7 mm. long; peduncles 1 mm. long equalling the 4-9 pedicels; calyx 1 mm. long, the lobes obtuse; corolla 2 mm. long parted nearly to the base into 5 linear, acute lobes that are glabrous within; column 0.5 mm. long; the minute scale of the corona attached at its summit and not exceed- ing the anthers; fruit unknown. Collected at Yerba Buena near Altata. Asclepias Mexicana Cav. Cerro Colorado. Asclepias Curassavica T,. Culiacan and Cofradia. Asclepias albicans Watson. Altata. Melinia Mexicana. Stems filiform, branching from the root, somewhat twining, 3 dm. long, sparingly pubescent; leaves opposite, narrowly linear, 2.5 mm. long, distinctly petioled, acuminate; peduncles about 4-flowered, 3 mm. long equalling the pedicels; flowers campanulate; corolla 5-parted; lobes 2.5 mm. long, reflexed, puberulent at the tips, linear; sepals lanceo- late, acuminate, nearly equalling the corolla; scales of the crown distinct, triangular-subulate, half the length of the corolla lobes; terminal membrane of the anthers oblong, slightly surpassed by the columnar entire beak of the stigma; follicle tapering from near the base to the tip, 4 cm. long, 7 mm. wide, glabrous. Cerro Colorado. Ipomoea crinita. A climbing woody vine: stems, peduncles and petioles pilose with white spreading hairs 4-5 mm. long; leaves broadly ovate, 7-nerved at the base, with few hairs on the lower face and the nerves of the upper, 3-lobed more or less VOL. 5] Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. 217 deeply, ciliate, 10 cm. long, 14 cm. wide; petioles 6-14 cm. long; peduncles 20-22 cm. long, longer than the leaves; flowers some- what umbellate on pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long: corolla white, funnel- form, 7 cm. long, with spreading limb 6-7 cm, wide; stamens included; the three outer sepals pilose, 7 mm. long, broad and apiculate, the inner glabrous and broader; capsule exceeding the calyx, ovate, acute with a mucro 4-6 mm. long, circumscissile, 2-celled, 4-seeded; seed 6 mm. long, bearing on the back and outer angles white silky hairs longer than the seed itself. A handsome plant and very floriferous. Collected in ravines near Culiacan. ipomcea Palmeri Watson. Cofradia. Ipomcea bradeata Cav. Culiacan. Ipomcea alata Rose. The corolla is brick red. Culiacan and Cofradia. Ipomcea Grayi Rose. Common about Culiacan, also collected at Mazatlan and cultivated as an ornamental plant at Todos Santos, Baja California. Ipomcea quinqucfolia Griseb. Culiacan. Ipomcea pedatisecta M. & G. ? The flowers are white with purple throat. Common about Cofradia. Ipomcea Sinaloensis. A vine supported by other vegetation, hardly climbing, perennial?: stems, petioles and peduncles bristly hirsute, the tawny hairs 4 mm. long: leaves palmately parted into 5 ovate-acuminate leaflets that are cuneate at base, entire-margined, sparingly hirsute upon both faces, varying in size from 2-4 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide: petioles 3-7 cm. long: peduncles 6-12 cm. long; the branching cymes 3-6 flowered: the 3 outer sepals densely yellowish hirsute, oblong, acuminate, 14 mm. long, the 2 inner, smooth, chartaceous, shorter and broader: corolla pure white, 22 mm. long, campanulate, 5-lobed to below the middle, the lobes spatulate: stamens reaching slightly above the sinus of the lobes: stigma 2-lobed: capsule 4-celled, 4-seeded, nearly spherical, 1 cm. in diameter, the 4 valves separating to the base, leaving the partitions retaining the seeds, the partitions are broadened at the margins, 1 mm. wide below, increasing to 2 mm. above and ]/i the distance from the top abruptly widened so 218 Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. [ZOE as to include the whole upper part and seeming in the mature fruit to be triangular: seeds smooth. Collected near Culiacan. A remarkable Ipomcea and on ac- count of its deeply lobed corolla and broad margins of the dis- sepiments more worthy of generic rank than Quamodii, Phar- bitis, &c. Ipomoea megacarpa. Stems usually not twining, prostrate or ascending bushes, glabrous; leaves cordate with a broad, open sinus, long-acuminate, varying in outline from deeply sinuate- pinnatifid to pinnately parted nearly to the midrib into 5 narrow lobes, 4-7 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide; petioles 1.5-4 cm. long; peduncle from the axil of the leaf, 6-8 cm. long, 1 rarely 2- flowered; pedicels 2 cm. long, striate, gradually increasing in size upward; sepals of fruiting calyx orbicular, 15 mm. in diameter, often apiculate, membranous, scarious-margined; ovary 2-celled: caspule equalling the calyx, flattened horizontally, 2 cm. in diam- eter, thin-chartaceous, splitting from the top irregularly; seeds 4, rounded, 7 mm. in diameter, glabrous; corolla white with dark purple throat, short-funnel-form, 5 cm. long, 6 cm. wide. Growing about Culiacan. Flowers open during the morning. Ipomcea arborescens Don.? Very abundant about Culiacan and Cofradia. Ipomoea leptotoma Torr. Altata to Cofradia. Ipomoea sinuata Ortega. Altata. Ipomcea peduncularis Bertol. Culiacan. Ipomcea filipes Benth. Cofradia. Ipomcea spinulosa Brandg. Culiacan. Ipomoea sp. Collected at Culiacan and Yerba Buena without fruit. It resembles /. scopulorum. Heliotropuim (Orthostachys) saxatile. Frutescent, erect, strigose-canescent, 4-5 dm. high, branched: leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, sessile or nearly so, 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, margins revolute: flowers sessile in dense unilateral spikes 5-8 cm. long: corolla 4 mm. long, white; tube as long as the calyx; lobes short, broadly triangular; stigma tip conical, much shorter than the style: calyx lobes nearly equal, ovate-lanceolate, in age be- coming foliaceous and resembling the shorter, ovate bracts. VOL,. 5] Plants from Sznaloa, Mexico. 219 Nutlets of the specimens are immature. Cofradia, growing in rocky soil. Jacquemontia macrocephala. Annual; stems erect or some- times slightly twining, 3-4 dm. long, hirsute with long white hairs; leaves ovate-acuminate, cuneate at base, on hirsute petioles 1-3 cm. long, ciliate with white hairs and bearing a few similar ones on both faces; inflorescence in a glomerate cluster that is about 15-flowered: foliaceous bracts ovate-lanceolate, 2 cm. long; sepals linear-lanceolatej densely long white-hirsute, similar to the subtending bracteoles; violet corolla slightly exceeding the sepals; seed minutely roughened. Growing in the loose soil of steep banks near the base of cliffs. Cerro Colorado. Jacquemontia Palmeti Watson. Not typical but more like the Lower California form, somewhat hirsute and glandular with longer calyx lobes. Leaves dotted and stems more or less twining. Cerro Colorado. Bonplandia geminiflora HBK. Cerro Colorado. Hydrolea spinosa L. Common, growing in various forms. Cordia Palmeri Watson. Altata. Cordia gerascanthus Jacq. A common and handsome tree in the region about Cofradia. Cordia Pringlei Robinson, var. Altatensis. Teeth of the calyx thicker, a half shorter, not as stellate-pubescent, recurved and not as evident as those of Pringle's specimen of the species. Common about Yerba Buena near Altata. The fruit is light red. Lippia graveolens HBK. Cerro Colorado. Bouchea dissecta Watson. Common about Culiacan. The flowers are pink. Citharexylum Cinaloanum Robinson. Culiacan. This the same as the Baja California plant referred to C. Berlandieri. Salvia Alamosa?ia Rose. Cofradia and Cerro Colorado. Salvia galinsogifolia Fernald. Culiacan. Salvia lateriflora Fernald. Culiacan. Russelia furfuracea. Suffrutescent, many stems from the base, 2-3 dm. high, densely spreading-hirsute, not angled, striate; whole plant except the corolla densely covered with 22O Plants from Sinaloa^ Mexico. [zoe minute circular scales that are free at their edges and on the leaves surrounding glandular pits; internodes generally shorter than the leaves; lower leaves of the larger plants ternate, broad- ly-ovate, obtuse, cuneate at base into a very short petiole, coarsely crenate-serrate, slightly pubescent on the prominent veins, 3.5 cm. long, 2.2 cm. wide, upper leaves and leaves of smaller plants similar, 1 cm. long: inflorescence near the end of the stems or the numerous short branches of large plants; cymes axillary from the leafy bracts, about 6-flowered; peduncles 5 mm. long; pedicels 3 mm. long; calyx 3 mm. long, divided into ovate, long-acuminate lobes nearly to the base: corolla scarlet, 1 cm. long, internally pubescent about the insertion of the stamens and yellow-bearded along a ventral line; lobes rounded: capsule ovate-acuminate about as long as the calyx. Growing on cliffs in sunny exposures of the Cerro Colorado. Stemodia Palmeri Gray. Culiacan. Scoparia annua Ch. & Schl. Growing on muddy banks of Tamazula River. Flowers yellow. Seymeria bipinnatiseda Seem. Cerro Colorado. Buchnera Mexicana Hemsley. The plant is the same as that of the Cape Region of I^ower California. It is usually not branched and has small ovate radical leaves. Flowers of the living plant are white but when dried seem to have been blue. Cerro Colorado. Pinguicula crenatiloba DC. Cofradia. Amphilophium purpureum. A bush with somewhat climb- ing stems and branches, 3-4 m. long; stems striate, glabrous, slightly lepidote when young; leaflets 2 on puberulent petioles 1 cm. long, terminating the 2-5 cm. long, rufous petiole, ovate- acuminate, cordate or rounded and unequal at base, 7 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, glabrous, minutely shining-lepidote on both surfaces; inflorescence terminating the branches in a few flowered panicle; pedicels 7 mm. long; calyx densely lepidote, 9 mm. long, nearly hemispherical; lobes broad, obtuse-triangular, much exceeded by the inner lobes; corolla 4 cm. long, dark-violet; anthers glabrous; fruit 8 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, roughened and lepidote. This plant grows in the bottom of arroyos and canons near Culiacan. VOL. 5] Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. 221 Blechum Brownei Juss. Culiacan and Cofradia. Barleria micans Nees. Cerro Colorado. The large flowers are bright yellow. Carlowrightia Californica Brandegee. This is the common species about Culiacan. It is easily recognized by the minute calyx of the straw-colored flowers that are secund along the leafless spicate branches. Justida Mexicana Rose. Common about Culiacan and Cofradia. Justicia reflexiflora Rich. Forms of this species grow about Culiacan. Portlandia pterosperma Watson. Culiacan and very abundant east of Altata. Houstonia parvula. Annual, erect, 2-5 cm. high, sparingly branched, minutely hirsute; leaves linear, spatulate-lanceolate; 1 cm. long; stipules short, minutely setulose-ciliate; flowers soli- tary in the axils of the leaves on pedicels 0.5 mm. long that are recurved with the mature fruit; petals minute, shorter than the 1 mm. long subulate calyx lobes; capsule ^ inferior, broader than long, subdidymous; seeds 4-6 in each cell, cymbiform, with medial hilar ridge. Growing on gravel deposits of the Tamazula River near Culiacan. Ronddetia sp. Cerro Colorado. Bouvardia linearis H. B. K. Cerro Colorado. Gcnipa echinocarpa Gray. Culiacan. Crusea villosa Watson. Culiacan. Ousea coronata Rob. & Greenman. Common about Cofradia. Mitracarpum Schizangium DC. Agreeing with the figure in Bot. Beech, excepting that the corollas are longer and more slender. Cerro Colorado. Apodanthera Roseana Cogn. Altata to Culiacan. Maximowiczia Sonores Watson. Altata. Leaves and fruit smaller than those of Guaymas specimens. Schizocarpum Palmeri Cogn. & Rose. This is the most com- mon cucurbit. It is very variable in the form of its leaves and abundance of the long, scattered hairs. 222 Plants from Sina/oa, Mexico. [zoe Cucurbita radicans Naud. Generally climbing bushes and trees, but sometimes prostrate over the ground. Altata to Cofradia. Elaterium longisepalum Cogn. Common in ravines. The mature fruit is very gibbous, 22 mm. long, 13 mm. wide, densely covered with soft, gray spines. Cyclanihera micrantha Cogn. Common. Echinopepon lanatus Rose. Common over the whole region. Echinopepon cirrhopedunculatus Rose. Cerro Colorado. Roseanihus elongatus Rose. Cerro Colorado. Decachceta Haenkeana DC. Cerro Colorado. It is often 8 feet tall. Ageratella Palmeri Robinson. Growing among rocks of Cerro Colorado. Barroeiea s?ibligera Gray. Culiacan. Brickellia diffusa Gray. Common about Cofradia. Ophryosporus ovatifolhis B. & H.? Probably this species, al- though it does not exactly agree with the description in DC. Prod. The plant is not frutescent and is minutely resinous- dotted. Collected on Cerro Colorado. Ageratum corymbosum Zucc. Var. Common about Cofradia. Ageratum sp. Differing from E. lucidum Rob. in its more compound corymb, smaller heads and akenes, green stems and larger leaves. Cerro Colorado. Guardiola rotundifolia Robinson. Cofradia. Melampodium canescens. Erect, 1-2 dm. high, widely branched; stems villous-hirsute; leaves entire, 2-3 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, linear-lanceolate, narrowed to the sessile base, slight- ly pubescent and scabrous above, densely white flocculent- sericeous below; peduncles filiform, 1-4 cm. long; heads 8-10 mm. broad including the orbicular rays that are 1 cm. in diam- eter; involucral bracts ovate, ciliate; fruit tuberculate; hood ciliate, truncate, nearly equalling the circumference of the top of the akene, with a long, curved appendage from the center and one from each of the ends. In general appearance this species resembles M. longipes Rob- inson. Growing on dry rocky soil about Cofradia. VOL. 5] Plants from Szna/oa, Mexico. 223 Melampodium geminatum. Annual, branching above, 6-7 dm. high, sparingly hirsute: leaves somewhat hirsute upon both sides, elliptical-acuminate, narrowed to the base, 4-7 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, crenate-serrate; petioles 1-4 cm. long: inflorescence in lax corymbose panicles from the ends of the short branches; peduncles 1-4 cm. long; pedicels 5-10 mm. long: bracts of the outer involucre 5, membranaceous, imbricated, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, striate, 3-3.5 mm. long, the outer two much smaller: ray flowers 2, pistillate; rays yellow, 2 mm. long; style divided more than half its length into narrow branches: sterile flowers 2; corollas 5-toothed, the tube as long as the campanulate limb, loosely enclosed by bracts that are yellow tinged, pointed and dentate above: akenes 4 mm. long, obovoid, subcompressed, under a lense transversely rugose with numerous small ridges; the enveloping bract to be removed only by boiling and scraping, tuberculate and near the top from each side bearing a short subulate horn. This interesting plant suggests in its general appearance and some of its characters Trigonospermtim, but its akene perma- nently invested by the bract prevents it from going into that genus. The characters of the involucres are not unlike those of Unxia, a genus reduced to Melampodium by Benth. & Hook. Collected near Cofradia and Imala. Gymnolomia auriculata. Many hispid-hirsute stems from a perennial root, 5-6 dm. high; leaves narrow-lanceolate, on petioles 1-2 mm. long or sessile, somewhat auriculate at base, scabrous, slightly dentate, 10-14 cm. long, 10-12 mm. wide, broadest above the middle, with strong midrib; heads solitary, terminating the stems on peduncles 8-12 cm. long, hemispherical, 2 cm. in diameter: peduncles thickened upward; bracts of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, 1 cm. long, long-hirsute; rays 10-15, 2.5 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, with a rudimentary style and 2-3 distinct rudimentary anthers, the akenes inane and triangular; disk flowers yellow, numerous; corolla tube pubescent, covering the top of the somewhat compressed, quadrangular akene; pappus none. 224 Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. [zoe A rudimentary style has been noticed by Dr. Gray in the de- scription of G. Greggii. Growing abundantly about the rocky summits of the Cerro Colorado. Zexmenia fasciculata Sch. Bip., was collected on Cerro Colo- rado and in the arroyos running from the mountain. Zexmenia Seemannii Gray. Cerro Colorado. Determined by Dr. J. M. Greenman. Bidens refracta Brandegee, is very common about Cofradia. The species was first found at Miraflores, Baja California, and the type locality is the only one known on the Peninsula, where it was probably introduced from Sinaloa. Bidens Alamo sana Rose, is common on the low lands along the rivers near Culiacan. It becomes 8 ft. high and the large, orange-colored rays are conspicuous. Bidens oligantha. Annual, 2-3 dm. high; stems slightly puberulent, sulcate, simple or with 2-3 branches from below the middle: leaves trifid, almost pinnate; the middle lobe linear- lanceolate, acuminate, more or less serrate, 2 cm. long or less; the lateral lobes 5-8 mm. long, ovate-acuminate, often incised; uppermost leaves linear-lanceolate; peduncles 2-6, 6-10 cm. long: outer involucre of ovate-lanceolate bracts 3 mm. long, equalling the inner: rays 3 mm. long, white striped with purple: akenes variable, when mature about 5 mm. long, beaked or truncate in the same head, curved, smooth or hispid on the angles: awns 2 or none; 1 mm. long, divergent. Cofradia. Tridax procumbe7is I,. Common along the banks of the Cofradia River. Galinsoga filiformis Hemsley, is very abundant in damp soil about Cofradia. Perityle grandifolia. Stems branching from a suffrutescent perennial root, 1-2 dm. high; whole plant pubescent: leaves broadly ovate, 5-7 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, crenate-serrate, thin in texture, on petioles 3-4 cm. long: rays yellow, 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide: involucral scales linear, 5-6 mm. long: akenes without callous margins and pappus: corollas 4 mm. long, nar- row; tube puberulent; style-branches slender-subulate. Growing on rocks of Cerro Colorado. P. dissecta also has subulate VOL. 5] Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. 225 style branches and by some authors is referred to Laphamia on that account. Perityle saxosa. Many stems branching from an apparently perennial root, 4-5 dm. high, puberulent; leaves deltoid-acumi- nate, cuneate at base; the blade 2-3 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, atomiferous, about equalling the petiole: heads paniculate on peduncles 2-6 cm. long; rays white, 2-3 mm. long and half as broad: bracts of the involucre 4 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate: disk flowers numerous: akenes pubescent on both faces and from the same plant with or without callous margins, 2 mm. long: pappus two delicate awns, the larger half the length of the akene, the other absent or minute and a short crown of fimbriate scales. The character of having or lacking callous margins to the akenes has always been considered a good one but this plant would seem to render such a distinction of doubtful value. The margins are always minutely ciliate. Growing on rocks of Cerro Colorado. Porophyllum quinqueflorum. Annual, 5-6 dm. high, branching above the middle; stems terete, somewhat striate: leaves thin in texture, alternate, cuneate at base and rounded at tip, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide; marginal glands 0-7; petioles filiform, 2-3 cm. long: heads 1.7 cm. long: peduncles from the axils of the leaves, very slightly thickened upward; involucral scales 5, linear-lanceolate, green, with a single row of linear glands: flowers ochroleucous, 9 mm. long: akenes 5, 8 mm. long. Growing in damp, dark ravines. Cerro Colorado. Pectis purpurea. Annual, 1—2 dm. high, branches ascending from near the base; stems angular, glabrous, purple: leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-4 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, margins revolute, 2-4 rows of large glands beneath, setiferous near the dentate base: inflorescence terminal and from the upper axils; peduncles 6-8 cm. long, with few bracts: involucre campanulate, 4-5 mm. high, purple; scales linear, slightly pubescent at the obtuse tip, bearing large, roundish glands and keeled near the base: rays about 8, linear, 6 mm. long, purple on the back: disk flowers numerous: pappus minute, scales broad as long, sometimes slightly pointed, fim- briate: akenes pubescent. 226 Plants from Sinaloa, Mexico. [zoe The purple hue of the stems, involucres and flowers of the grow- ing plant suggests the specific name. The glands of the leaves are very large. Collected about the margins of openings and along trails near Cofradia. Perhaps nearest to P. Rosei. Pectis scabra. Annual, branching from the base, i dm. high; stems purple, scabrous-pubescent: leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, scabrous above, on the revolute mar- gins and midrib beneath, sparingly setulose near the base: in- florescence somewhat terminal and fastigiate from the upper axils; peduncles 2-4 cm. long, sparingly bracteolate: involucre 15-20 flowered; scales 6, linear, keeled below the middle, scarious-margined when mature, each bearing 5-6 glands; rays yellow, 6-9, linear: pappus of ray akenes 1-2 stiff awns with a few very small scales at base; pappus of the disk akenes 1-2 awns dilated at base and 1-2 small scales; akenes slightly pubescent. This species grows in dry rocky soil and is conspicuous on account of its gray appearance. It might be considered a very scabrous variety of P. filipes. Cofradia. Pectis salina. Annual, the procumbent, spreading, purple branches, 2 dm. long, glabrous throughout; leaves linear-lanceo- late, 2-4 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, punctate beneath with 2—4 rows of glands, with 1-6 pairs of setae below the middle; peduncles 2-6 cm. long, terminal and from the upper axils, naked or few- bracteate: involucre campanulate, 5-6 mm. high," about 50- flowered; bracts about 8, linear, somewhat acute, bearing several linear glands, strongly keeled at the base when mature: rays bright yellow, fading darker, 5-6 mm. long: pappus of the disk akenes 3-5 awns, 3-4 mm. long, with broad, intermediate lacer- ate scales 1 mm. long; pappus of the ray akenes 1-2 scales with or without an awn; akenes 3 mm. long, hispidulous. Growing in saline soil of the salt marshes about Altata with Suaeda, Salicornia, Philoxerus, &c. The living plant is some- what fleshy. Pectis canescens HBK. Var.? Cofradia. Hymenatherum anomalum Canby & Rose. Pappus 1.5 mm. long, of 10 delicate, fimbriate scales, tipped with a bristle shorter than, the corolla, sometimes 1-2 exterior, oblong, fimbriate, minute. Growing in damp soil near Imala. Spilanthes leucophcea Klatt. Culiacan and Cofradia. •¦«?¦•¦ ZOK Voi,. 5. SEPTEMBER, 1906 —APRIL, 1908. No. 11. Editor Katharine Brandegee. CONTENTS: Plants of California: T. S. Brandegee New Species of Mexican Plants: T. S. BrandEGEE Plants of Sinaloa: T. S. BrandEGEE New Species of Mexican Platv'to^ T. S. BrandEGEE Studies on Californian Plants—-II: H. M. Hali<. Page 227 235 241 244 263 Address all communications to the Manager of the University Press, University of California, Berkeley, California. ZOK Vol. V. September, 1906. No. 11 PLANTS OF CALIFORNIA. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. Isomeris arborea Nutt. The type locality of this capparid is San Diego. The original description of its fruit, "capsule an inch or more long and three-fourths of an inch broad," is very nearly the description of an orbicular capsule. Some of the Desert forms have capsules 7 cm. long including the stipe, and 1 cm. wide, and are long-attenuate at each end. The form of the capsule from the type locality is nearly that of /. globosa. Fagonia Californica Benth. The form that grows in the foot- hills of the western side of the Colorado Desert is frutescent, erect, and the angles of the stems are scabrous, often as much so as those of F. aspera from Chili. On the hills of the Desert, east of the Cuyamaca Mountains, grows a form so distinct that it seems almost another species, but it probably can be referred to the variety Bardayana; it is prostrate on barren ground, the stems are slightly angled and not frutesceut, the leaves and flowers are larger than those of other forms, and the whole plant is thickly beset with amber-colored glands. My specimens from Magda- lena Bay, the type locality, have broader leaflets than the Cali- fornia mountain specimens, the stems are hardly frutescent at base and are not scabrous. At San Jose del Cabo the plants are pubescent, and in the adjaceut mountains the form is glabrous, the leaflets are very narrow and the stipules long and slender. CEnothera cardiophylla Torr. The "Botany of California" gives as the habitat of this species: " Near the Colorado River and eastward in Arizona." It grows in the canons of Carriso and Split Mountains of the Colorado Desert. Issued September 15, 1906. 228 Plants of California. [zoe Nemacaulis Nuttallii Benth. This littoral plant is common along the seashore near San Diego. It also grows abundantly on a sand-dune of the Colorado Desert near Carriso Creek. The two forms named by Nuttall N. denudata and N. foliosa, are well marked at Ocean Beach, San Diego. Peucephyllum Schottii Gray. This bush has been found north of San Diego County and in northern I^ower California, but has not been reported from the intermediate region. I collected it in the canons af Carriso Mountains, Colorado Desert. Malperia tenuis Watson. On preceeding pages this species was noted as growing near the boundary line about Signal Mountain. It grows also about Split and Carriso Mountains, many miles north of the Mexican boundar}' line. Krynitzkia barbigera Gray, var. inops. Stems weak, flexuous, with upwardly appressed pubescence; leaves broadly linear; inflorescence congested iuto glomerules; calyx-lobes much elon- gated at maturity, often more than i cm. long, densely bearded below the middle; fully mature nutlets elongated, obclavate, with rather large and sharp-pointed muriculations, the groove open from apex to the dilated base. The type was collected on the Mojave Desert, June, 1884; other specimens not so fully mature are from Inyo, April 16, 1891; San Felipe, April 25, 1899; Keeler, April 14, 1891, and the Needles, Arizona; Dr. E. F. Clark. All in the Brandegee Herbarium. Allium prsecox. A pe?iinsulare Jones, Cont. Bot. x. 22, not L,emmon. Five dm. high and less from a bulb 3-4 cm. below the surface of the ground: leaves 2-4 from near the base of the stem, 2 dm. long or less, 4 mm. wide or less: spathe splitting usually into two acuminate segments 2.5 cm. long: umbels 10-20 flowered; pedicels 2-3 cm. long: perianth segments equal in length, 5 mm. long, ovate-acuminate, the inner ones narrower, nearly white, with purple mid nerve becoming dull purple: sta- mens shorter than the perianth, gradually widened to the base; anthers purple: style nearly as long as the filaments, stigma not lobed; capsule crestless: bulb coatings with narrow, linear, hori- zontally contorted reticulations. VOL. 5] Plants of California. 229 This species has been referred to A. unifolium, A. campanula- turn, A. serrahim and A. peninsidare by different botanists. A. peninsulare Lemmon, is a plant common in the foothills distant from the coast, rose-pink in color and appears to be a luxuriant form of A. serratum. A. prtzcox is common about San Diego, on northern slopes of canons, especially near the coast, and is a conspicuous part of the early flora of February. It has been distributed in collections from Ensenada; of Cleveland, from San Diego; El Cajon, San Diego County; S. B. Parish, San Bernardino, No. 4667; A. W. Anthony, 187; Santa Cruz Island. T. S. Brandegee: C. F. Baker, 3391. Dr. Watson's description of Allium hyalinum, Proc. Am. Acad., xxiv. 87, not A. hyalinum Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. i. 155, seems to have been drawn from the Santa Cruz Island specimens. Salvia Greatai. Shrubby, branching, the young stems white and tomentose with white branching hairs, 1-1.5 m. high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, tipped with a spine and also spinose- pinnatifid, sessile, 2.5 cm. long, white-tomentose on both faces, especially beneath: flowers in 4-5 seesile, capitate 6-10-flowered clusters near the ends of the branches, surrounded by spinulose- awned, tomentose bracts, the outer bracts broady ovate and spinulose-toothed, the inner becoming linear-lanceolate: calyx tomentose, 1 cm. long, the upper lip tipped with a spine, and near its base are two smaller spines representing lobes; lower lip of two linear-lanceolate lobes 3 mm. long, spinulose-awned: corolla nearly twice as long as the calyx, ochroleucous, slightly and gradually ampliated; upper lip 3 mm. long, with two pointed lobes; lower lip slightly longer, 3-lobed, the middle lobe broadest and longest and irregularly fimbriate: anther of the lower fork of the connective half as long as the upper and polleniferous. This species has characters both of § Echinosphace and § Pycnos- phace, but is very unlike 6". carduacea and S. Columbaria of these sections. It was collected by H. M. Hall and I,. A. Greata in Canon Springs wash, about four miles northeast of Dos Palmas, Riverside County, California. No. 5848, H. M. Hall. Tetracoccus Hallii. A rigidly branched shrub of gray ap- pearance, 2 m. high, the smaller branches often spinescent, If 230 Pla?its of California. [zoE dioecious: leaves nerveless, in fascicles of 3-8 covering the branches, obovate, attenuate at base, sparingly short-hirsute, 4 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide: staminate flowers 4-5 from the leaf, bearing nodes on pedicels 5 mm. long: petals none; sepals 6, minute, the alternate ones reddish-colored: stamens 4-6, sur- rounding a central irregularly lobed disk, 2 mm. long: pistillate flowers nearly sessile; petals none; sepals similar to those of the staminate flower; ovary usually 3-celled, cells 2-ovuled; styles 3-4, nearly distinct, recurved; immature capsule pubescent, 7 mm. wide. No mature fruit seen. Collected by H. M. Hall and L. A. Greata at " Chuckwalla Bench, midway between Canon Springs and Chuckwalla Spring, Colorado Desert, Riverside County, California. It grows both on the mesa and along a small wash, but was not at all common.'' No. 5865, H. M. Hall. The genus Tetracoccus has hitherto consisted of a single species, based on specimens collected by Dr. Parry and C. R. Orcutt, near Santo Tomas, northern I,ower California. Since then it has been collected by D. Cleveland, eight miles north of Table Mountain, near the U. S. boundary line, and by C. R. Orcutt, near Temecula and the line of Riverside County, California. The new species is very distinct from the original one. Argithamnia Californica. Annual, monoecious, glabrous throughout, erect, branching, 15 cm. high: leaves ovate-acumin- ate, attenuate at base into a petiole 5-7 mm. long, serrate, 2-3 cm. long, 10-12 mm. wide: staminate flowers 2-4 in short axil- lary racemes about as long as the petioles, on pedicels 1 mm. long; bracts linear, white-margined; sepals linear-lsnceolate; petals ovate, acuminate, 2.5 mm. long; glands acuminate, 1 mm. long: stamens in two verticels from the column: pistillate flower on a pedicel 1 mm. long: sepals 4-5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, white-margined, glandular-denticulate; petals acuminate; den- ticulate; capsule 4 mm. wide; styles united near the base and deeply bifid, not dilated above; seed apiculate, rugose-reticulated. Collected by H. M. Hall at Marshall Canon, seven miles west of Coachella; north base of El Toro Mountain, Colorado Desert, River- side County, California, where it is common. No. 5796, H. M. Hall. NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PLANTS COLLECTED BY DR. C. A. PURPUS. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. Talinaria. Nov. Gen. Portulacacearum. Calyx ebracteatus, diphyllus; sepalis sequalibus, caruosis, reticulato-venosis, demum deciduis. Petala 5, hypogyna, libera, oblongo-ovata, exungui- culata, sestivatione imbricataj cito marcescentia. Stamina circa 25, in phalanges 5 petalis oppositas iisque adhserentes disposita; filamenta filiformia; antherse biloculares. Ovarium uniloculare; stylus columnaris, apice trifidus, lobis oblongis intus stigmatosis. Ovula numerosa, columellse centrali funiculis gracillimis inserta. Capsula oblongo-ovata, 3-valvis, epicarpio coriaceo, valvarum ab endocarpio chartaceo dissiliente. Semina numerosa, hamoso- reniformia, a latere valde compressa, ala membranacea cincta; embryo curvatus, albumen includens. Herba carnosa. Flores in pedunculis solitarii. Folia- sub'-" radicalia. ^ Talinaria Palmeri. Herbaceous from roots bearing long tubers: leaves spatulate, pointed, 8-9 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, crowded upon a short stem so as to appear rosulate, becoming rose-colored, the axils and lower parts bearing numerous white hairs: peduncle usually single, 15-20 mm. high, with 1-2 hya- line, quadrate bracts near the base that are pilose within and from which rarely a second peduncle grows: sepals rose-colored, broadly ovate, 6 mm. long, deciduous at maturity: petals 8 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, rose-colored: stamens and style shorter than the petals: anthers yellow: capsule oblong or ovate at maturity, 7-9 mm. long; epicarp leathery, 3-valved, deciduous from the base; endocarp persistent, reticulate membranaceous, 3-valved, the valves sometimes divided nearly to the base, the sutural nerves separating and resembling slender spines, the strong reticulated nerves also tending to separate: seeds enclosed in a white papyraceous aril that by pressure becomes flattened, and except at the hilum causes them to appear broadly wing- margined; cotyledons incumbent; embryo linear, curved into a half-circle about the albumen; testa smooth. 232 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zoe This plant is related to Grahamia of Chile, from which it is distinguished mainly by its bractless flowers, dissilient epicarp and incumbent cotyledons. The winged seeds and other char- acters are very different from those of Talinopsis, which it re- sembles in the structure of its capsule. Collected at Saltillo by Dr. Edward Palmer in 1904, and by Dr. C. A. Purpus at Saltillo, and on rocks near Ixmiquilpan in 1905. Drymaria multiflora. Perennial, growing in clumps from stems rooting at the joints: stems erect, branching, 4 dm. high, striate, glabrous below, and above a portion of each joint glandu- lar-pubescent: leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, mucronate, attenuate at base into a petiole 2-6 mm. long; the blade 6-9 mm. long and wide, glabrous: stipules lanceolate: inflorescence termi- nal and from the axils of the upper leaves, diffuse, many-flowered: bracts scarious, ovate-acuminate, with green midnerve: pedicels 5-10 mm. long: sepals broadly ovate-acuminate with scarious margins: petals equalling the sepals, bifid nearly to the base into narrow divisions: seeds 4-10, echinate: stamens 5. From its description, D. grcmdiflora seems to be near this species. Collected near Salto de Aqua, growing on dry hills. No. 1653. Thelypodium Purpusi. Annual, glabrous throughout, erect, with few branches, 3-5 dm. high: basal leaves oblanceolate, deeply, obtusely, sinuately lobed, 5-7 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, attenuate at base into a petiole; cauliue leaves auriculate-clasp- ing, the margins sharply sinuate-toothed or the uppermost entire, long-attenuate to the apex: petals tinged with purple, 5 mm. long, a third longer than the purple, white-margined sepals: stigma circular: silique nearly erect, not stipitate, 6-7 cm. long: pedicels 5-6 mm. long: cotyledons oblique. Collected on Sierras Pata Galana and Parras, Coahuila, Febru- ary and March, 1905. No. 1329. Lepidium monticola. Branching, pubescent stems 4-3 cm. long, numerous from an indurated root: leaves pinnate, the blade 5-7 mm. long and about as wide, sparingly pubescent; pinnae laciniately lobed; petiole 8-12 mm. long, bearing a few hairs: VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 233 racemes numerous, 2-4 cm, long, densely flowered: flowers on pedicels 2-3 mm. long: sepals ovate, less than 1 mm. long: petals shorter, very narrowly linear-spatulate, white: stamens 2, shorter than the petals: capsule 2 mm. long and nearly as wide, slightly winged at apex and minutely notched: cotyledons in- cumbent. The specimens are very mature, and most of the leaves have fallen. A few young branches still retain some belated flowers. The plants seem to perish after having matured their fruit and to be winter annuals or biennials. Collected on Popocatepetl, grow- ing in gravelly soil about timber-line. No. 1649. Cardamine macrocarpa. Annual, glabrous, stems erect, rarely branched, slightly wing-angled, about 1 dm. high: cauline leaves 5-7 cm. and less long, 5-7 foliolate; leaflets oblong, deeply parted into 5-7 mucronate lobes; radical leaves similar, with larger, less deeply parted leaflets: fruiting raceme yi the height of the plant: petals greenish white, 1 mm. wide, 5 mm. long, exceeding the calyx lobes: pods erect, 3-4 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acuminate, slightly stipitate: pedicels 5-8 mm. long; cotyledons accumbent. Collected on Sierra de Parras, Coahuila, March, 1905. No. 1029. Lesquerella flexuosa. Stems from an indurated root, branched especially near the base, the lower parts and leaves sparingly pubescent with forked hairs: leaves on petioles 2-6 mm. long, the larger ones ovate or oblong-elliptical, 10-15 mm. long, cuneate at base, entire or sinuate-dentate with one to several short teeth, smaller leaves entire, linear-oblong: flowers numerous along the upper flexuous part of the stems on pedicels 4 mm. long: petals 4 mm. long, spatulate, twice as long as the ovate, white-margined sepals; filaments flattened, narrowed upwards: pod globose, glabrous, with minute stipe and style, 3-4 mm. in diameter; nerve of the septum very indistinct. Collected on Sierra de Parras, Coahuila. No. 1330. Cassia fulva. Fruticose, branching; old stems grayish brown; new growth densely brown-tomentose; leaves 5-6 cm. long; petiole 1-2 cm. long, pubescent; leaflets 4-5 pairs on petiolules 1 mm. long, ovate-oblong, rounded at the top, slightly cuneate 234 ¦ New Species of Mexican Plants. [zOE at base, white-tomentose beneath, yellowish and silky-hairy above, 12-15 mm. long, 7-10 mm. wide: flowers crowded at the ends of the branches in short, dense clusters; pedicels 5-10 mm. long, densely brown-pubescent; calyx lobes 7 mm. long, brown- pubescent; petals nearly equal in length, 1 cm. long; staminodia 3; perfect stamens 7, anthers slightly hirsute; ovary pubescent; legume flattened, 8-9 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, sparingly hirsute. This species is marked by the contrast between the white- tomentose lower face of the leaflets and the dark yellow-green of the upper face. Collected at El Riego, near Tehuacan, Puebla. No. 1195. Cassia Purpusi. A bush 1-2 m. high, the younger growth slightly pubescent: leaflets 1-3 pairs, glabrous, oblong to orbicu- lar, somewhat oblique, 10-18 mm. long, 8-12 mm. wide, nearly sessile, sometimes slightly retuse and apiculate, coriaceous, bear- ing an elongated gland between the lowest pair: petioles 1 cm. long: stipules linear-setaceous: inflorescence paniculate termi- nating the main stem and short branches; peduncles 1-2 cm. long; pedicels 5-10 mm. long; buds nodding; flowers erect, 2.5 cm. wide when expanded; sepals oblong 12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, obtuse at the apex; petals yellow, narrowed to the base into a claw; perfect stamens 7, 3 long and 4 short; ovary pubes- cent: legume 5 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, glabrous, mucronate, flattened, usually somewhat constricted between the seeds. Collected near Calmalli, Baja California, by Dr. Purpus, 1898, No. 107, and in fruit \>y K. A. Goldman at Rosarita, near San Andreas, B. C, Sept. 25, 1905, No. 7160. Harpalyce ferruginea. Fruticose, the young growth, calyx and leaves, excepting the upper face of the leaflets, ferruginous- pubescent and sprinkled with orange-colored particles; the older growth more or less covered with white lenticels: leaves 3-4 cm. long on petioles 1-2 cm. long; leaflets 2-3 pairs and a terminal one, the midnerve prominent on the lower face, the upper face finely pubescent and darker colored, elliptical or oblong, rounded at both ends, mucronulate: flowers purple, in racemes 2-3 cm. long; pedicels 1-5 mm. long; calyx lobes 2 cm. long; vexillum VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 235 18 mm. long and nearly as wide, equalling in length the wings and keel; ovary glabrous. Height of plant unknown, and no mature legumes accom- pany the specimens. Collected near Tehuacan Puebla, June, 1905. Sophora Purpusi. Fruticose, young growth densely white- pubescent, becoming darker with age: leaves crowded, 3-4 cm. long; petioles 5-7 mm. long; rachis tomentose; leaflets coria- ceous, 6-9 pairs and a terminal one, ovate-oblong, rounded at both ends, nearly sessile, 6-8 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, appressed, white silky-hairy beneath, darker and less hairy above; stipules small, subulate: flowers terminating the branches in a very short raceme, white, purple-tinged or dotted; pedicels 3 mm. long, bearing minute bracteoles close to the calyx; calyx 1 cm. long, catnpanulate, narrowed at the base about the disk, silky-hairy; the three teeth of the lower part deltoid-acuminate, 1 mm. long, the upper part broad and slightly longer; vexillum broadly obovate, 2 cm. long, exceeding the oblong wings and keel: sta- mens united % their length: legume 8 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, acu- minate, silky-hairy, 2-5 seeded; stipe shorter than the calyx. The seeds are young, but probably even at maturity the pod would be flattened. Collected on Sierra de Parras, Coahuila, March, 1905. Halenia Purpusi. Perennial, glabrous; leaves radical, 3-nerved, spatulate, 3-5 cm. long including the long petiole, 5-7 mm. wide, obtuse or acuminate: stems 2-3 dm. high, bearing rarely a pair of short, linear leaves or bracts near the middle and a few setaceous bracts at the inflorescence: flowers 3-4 termi- nating the stem; pedicels 4-7 mm. long: sepals oblong, acu- minate, y$ the length of the mature corolla: corolla white, 7 mm. long; spur very short or rudimentary: capsule exserted z/i its length and slightly curved near the tip. The general appearance of this plant is very much like that of H. plantaginea, but the flowers are smaller and lack the long spurs. Collected on Ixtaccihuatl, growing in meadows above timber-line. No. 1760. Marsdenia parvifolia, Frutescent, the slender stems not climbing, slightly pubescent in lines: leaves glabrous, ovate- 236 New Species of Mexican Plants. [ZOE oblong, acuminate, cuneate at base, 1-2 cm. long, 4-7 mm. wide; petiole 2 mm. long: flowers on pedicels 2 mm. long, 1-2 from the axils of the leaves: calyx parted nearly to the base into 5 ovate- lanceolate lobes 3 mm. long; corolla campanulate, deeply parted into ligulate lobes that slightly exceed the calyx: scales of the corona distinct, longer than the inflexed tips of the anthers and shorter than the 2-lobed stigma: fruit unknown. Collected near Tehtiacan, Puebla, on rocks. No. 1325. Gilia (Collomia) lithospermoides. Many unbranched stems from an indurated root, pubescent: leaves pinnatified with 1-3 pairs of linear, mucronate lobes, gradually changing above into the linear bracts of the inflorescence, alternate, sessile, 10-15 mm. long, tomentose: flowers, 2-3, sessile in the axils of the bracts; calyx teeth acuminate, half as long as the slightly pubes- cent tube; corolla yellow with purple dots or lines on the lobes, 13 mm. long, 3-4 times the length of the calyx, the tube gradu- ally expanding to the spreading, oblong, 3 mm. long, rounded lobes; stamens unequally inserted on filaments 1 mm. long; an- thers not twice as long as wide, sagittate; cells of the ovary 4-5- ovuled. Collected at Pachuca, Hidalgo, July, 1905, in moist open woods of the mountains. Citharexylum pauciflorum. Fruticose, branches dark-chest- nut color, young growth ash-colored: leaves oblong-ovate, acu- minate, long-attenuate to the sessile base, glabrous, punctate especially on the lower surface; inflorescence axillary in 1-3 leaved racemes that are about 5 mm. long, 2-flowered; pedicels 4 mm. long, jointed at the middle: calyx 2 mm. high, truncate, slightly fimbriate; corolla, tubular, dull white, 3 mm. long, pubescent in the throat; lobes oblong, rounded: stamens 4-5: fruit 5 mm. in diameter, red. A shrub having the appearance of a Lycium and near C. lyrioides, but differing from its description enough to be consid- ered distinct. Collected near Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, on moun- tain slopes. No. 1449. Holographys (?) ilicifolia. Frutescent, intricately branched; stems minutely, retrorsely white-pubrescent: leaves nearly sessile, VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 237 coriaceous, orbicular, spinose-toothed, 5-7 mm. in diameter, pu- berulent: flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts of short spikes: calyx 2-bracteolate, the bacteoles slightly smaller than the 2-mm. long bracts; lobes 5, separated to the base, lanceolate, 7 mm. long, puberulent: corolla bilabiate; upper lip erect, slightly 2-lobed; lower lip 3-parted into broad spreading lobes; ampli- ated throat as long as the tube, equalling the calyx lobes: sta- mens 4, inserted at top of tube; sparingly hirsute; anthers, 1-celled, dorsifixed nearly at the base, muticous, linear, pubescent at tips: style filiform, widened at the apex: capsule oblong, 4- seeded; seeds densely covered with white, branched hairs. This plant is not strictly congeneric with the little known genus Holographis, but it seems best to place it there. Collected at Pefia, Coahuila, growing on rocks. No. 1327. Carlowrightia angustifolia. Frutescent, much branched, minutely scabrous in two narrow, vertical lines, striate; upper part, bracts and bracteoles glandular: leaves 2 mm. wide, 1 cm. long or less, linear, acuminate, scabrous on the upper face, margins revolute, ciliate near the base with a few soft hairs: inflorescence spicate or rarely paniculate; corolla purple, 9 mm. long; tube 5 mm. long; lobes oblong, obtuse, about 2 mm. wide; calyx seg- ments ovate-lanceolate, 3 mm. long; bracts shorter, ovate acu- minate; anthers subcontiguous, muticous, one cell very slightly lower than the other: capsule 8-9 mm. long: the stipe half its length; seeds 4, white, muriculate. Collected near Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, Aug. 1905. No. 1412. This species is nearest to C. Pringlei. |; Stenandrium verticillatum. Many stems from a perennial \ root, about 7 cm. high; stems white-pubescent and also bearing ]!' white hairs: leaves in two 4-leaved verticels, terminal and above {'\ the middle of the stem, obovate, attenuate into a short petiole, obtuse, entire, 12-15 mm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, bearing on the veins below and on the margins numerous white hairs: inflores- cence terminating the stems and axillary in a short spike from the lower verticel; bracts linear-laneeolate, 1-2 mm long, white- hirsute; calyx lobes narrow, 5 mm. long, ciliate with white hairs; corolla rose-colored; the tube about as long as the calyx; the New Species of Mexican Plants. [ZOE lobes nearly equal in length, 4 mm. long; the 4 1-celled anthers nearly sessile: capsule oblong, without stipe, 4-seeded. Collected on the mesa at El Riego, near Tehuacan, Puebla. No. 1238. Plantago Purpusi. Perennial csespitose, glabrous: leaves leathery, narrowly ovate, attenuate to an obtuse tip and to a margined petiole, more or less crenate or crenate-dentate, 3-4 mm. wide, 1.5-3 cm- l°ng including the petiole: bract spathaceous en- tirely enclosing the 4-parted calyx of the solitary flower: corolla tubular, 1 cm. long, twice the length of the calyx, shortly 4-lobed: anthers 4, dorsifixed, much exceeding the corolla, 2-celled, the cells converging to a pointed apex: ovary superior, 2-celled, 6 ovuled, ovules ventrally affixed; stipe of the ovary 2 mm. long, becoming 2 cm. long when in fruit: capsule circumscissile near the middle: seeds brown, somewhat irregularly quadrilateral and flattened, peltate; albumen fleshy; embryo relatively large, ob- long-ovate, the radical short. This interesting plantain belongs to the § Plantaginella and is related to the one-flowered Andean species of South America. Collected in wet meadows along brooks and glaciers on Ixtacci- huatl. No. 1840. Houstonia gracilis. Herbaceous, perennial by filiform root- stocks; stems erect, 15-20 cm. high, sparingly branched, glab- rous: lower leaves ovate, about 6 mm. long, 5 mm. wide and less; upper leaves linear-oblauceate, mucronate, inclined to be revolute, slightly pubescent; stipules minute, setiform: inflores- cence terminating the stems or axillary in few flowered cymes; peduncles 5-8 mm. long; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; calyx divisions 1 mm. long, lanceolate; corolla funnel form, 4 mm. long; tube pubescent within; capsule subdidymous, broader than long, nar- rowed below, 1.5 mm. long, four-fifths inferior; seeds nearly flat, minutely scrobiculate. Possibly this is the H. c&rulea of Biolog. Cent. Am. from the same region. Collected near Orizaba, growing on rocks. No. 1251. Flourensia ilicifolia. Shrubby, 1.5 m. high, the brown pu- berulent stems branched: leaves alternate, glabrous, ovate, spin- VOL. 5] New Species of Mexicafi Plants. 239 ulose-dentate, thick in texture, with stout niidnerve, 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, cuneate into a petiole 3-6 mm. long: heads 1.5 cm. high, terminating the branches, eradiate: involucral scales in 3-4 rows, thick, linear-oblong, 6 mm. long, 2 mm, wide, obtuse, puberulent, the lower ones bract-like upon the peduncle: outer paleae of the receptacle resembling the involucre, indistinctly striate; inner paleae scarious and bifid at apex: corolla tube short: marginal akenes triquetrous; disk akenes flattened, all white- villous with long hairs: pappus two persistent stout scales widened to the base, with or without a small intermediate awn. Collected near Parras, Coahuila. No. 1150. Bidens alpina. Annual, the few spreading stems sparingly hirsute-pubescent, 2-6 cm. long: leaves pinnate, the blade 1 cm. long or less and of greater width; pinnae 1-2 pairs, incised or entire, glabrous: petioles 5-15 mm. long: heads on pubescent peduncles 2-3 cm. long, 5 mm. high and 8 mm. wide including the short. quadrate, yellow ray: involucre double, the onter of five linear, slightly spatulate bracts, ciliate; bracts of the inner involucre ovate-lanceolate: akenes 7 mm. long, nearly smooth; awns none or two varying from 1 mm. long to rudiments, corne- eous and not barbellate. This is a small species with short stems nearly prostrate and rather inconspicuous flowers. Collected on Popocatepetl, grow- ing in gravelly soil above timber-line. No. 1684. Achsenipodium. Nov. Gen. Capitula discoidea. Involuc- rum campanulatum, bracteis 2-3-seriatis angustis herbaceis, exterioribus brevioribus. Receptaculum convexum bracteis com- plicatis flores amplectentibus onustum. Corollse tubulosse, limbo cylindraceo apice 5-fid. Antherse basi auriculis minutis sagittatae. Styli rami obtusi breviter appendiculati. Achaenia a latere com- pressa, margine ciliata, basi in stipitem contracta. Pappi aristae 2 setiformes, squamellis intermediis o. Frutex? Folia oppo- sita, petiolata, serrata. Capitula in paniculam carymbosam dis- posita. Corollae fiavae. Achaenia stipitata iis Podachcsnii simillima. Achaenipodium discoideum. Stems erect, striate, hirsute pu- bescent: leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, 10-14 cm- l°ng. 2-3 240 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zOE cm. wide, serrate with salient teeth, pinnately veined, the light- colored midnerve large and prominent, lighter-colored and hir- sute-pubescent below, pubescent and darker green above: petiole 5-7 mm. long, slightly broadened at base: inflorescence corym- bose-paniculate terminating the stem and short branches from the upper leaves: involucral scales narrowly ovate-acuminate, appressed-hirsute: heads 12 mm. high, 6-7 mm. wide: corolla 5 mm, long; tube pubescent; pales stramineous, acuminate, pubes- cent; akenes 5-6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, slightly pubescent, more than the lower half attenuate into a stipe; pappus awns about 3 mm. long, subequal. Collected on Ixtaccihuatl, Jan. 6, 1907. No. 1534. Encelia resinosa. Frutescent, stems striate, viscid: leaves ob- long-ovate, 5-7 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, acuminate, attenuate at base, sessile, entire, more or less viscid, pinnately veined, midnerve prominent and the numerous lateral veins obscure: heads 1.5 cm. wide without the rays, single terminating the leafy stems or with 2-3 additional ones from the axils of the upper leaves: scales of the involucre-linear-lanceolate, in 2-3 rows, very glutinous, 1 cm. long, rays 2 cm. long, bright yellow: chafF scarious with acumin- ate glutinous apex: corollas 7 mm. long: akenes appressed silky- hairy, deeply notched between the two stout awns. Collected in mountains near Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, August, 1905. No. 1456. Gochnatia Purpusi. A shrub with tomentose branches, the young growth densely white-tomeutose: leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate, entire, sessile, 2.5 cm. long, 4-12 mm. wide, white tomentose above becoming glabrate with age, densely white floc- ulent-tomentose below: inflorescence in glomerules 3 cm. in diameter terminating the branches: heads nearly sessile, 15 mm. long, about 15-flowered: scales of the involucre in about 6 rows, flcculent, pubescent, ovate-acuminate, extending down to base of the pedicel; flowers twice longer than the involucre, ochroleucous; lobes of the corolla revolute, half the length of the 5-mm.-long tube; style branches about 1 mm. long, nearly truncate: akenes 3-4 mm. long, sparingly silky-hirsute. VOL. 5] Plants of Sinaloa. 241 This species differs from G. hypoleuca, in the arrangement of the inflorescence, its broader, nearly hemispherical, tomentose involucres, size and shape of the akeues. Collected on rocky slopes of mountains near Tehuacan, Puebla, June, 1905. No. 1164. it; Pinaropappus spathulatus. Stems glabrous, weak, sparingly |l branched, several from a perennial root, leafy below, 10-15 cm- %S high: leaves thin in texture, spatulate, acuminate, entire or rarely jrl; slightly sinuate-dentate; blade 5-15 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, ;:; attenuate into a more or less winged petiole 2 cm. long: heads '\\ less than 1 cm. long, inclined to be nodding; rays 6-7 mm. long. | j In appearance this species is very different from P. roseus. || The specimens are young and bear no mature fruit. Collected 1 \ near Orizaba. No. 1165. . ji PLANTS OF SINALOA. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. Pectis repens. Perennial, the few stems prostrate spreading, sometimes rooting at the joints, slightly puberulent, 2-3 dm. long: leaves in opposite fascicles, 1-2 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, mucronate, serrate, long-setiferous below the middle, margins often revolute, 2-4 rows of small glands beneath: peduncles 1-3 terminal or from short, leafy branches, 10-12 cm. long, 4-5-bracteate: involucre 8 mm. long of 4-5 oval, obtuse, glandless scales that are slightly pubescent at the purple apex, finely striate, scarious-margined and keeled near the base: heads 20-30 flowered: rays 5, linear, 8 mm. long, purple on the outside and yellow within; ray-akenes 6 mm. long, pu- bescent with crisped hairs, their pappus of two awns abruptly dilated at base, as long as the akene and twenty shorter bristles of various lengths in 2-3 groups from the inner side: disk flowers 6 mm. long, bilabiate, one lobe separated nearly to the middle, the others united nearly to their tips; pappus about twenty bris- tles of different lengths, some longer than the akene, in 3-4 groups; akenes less pubescent than those of the ray. 242 Plants of Sinaloa. [ZOE An inconspicuous plant growing among grasses near Cofradia, Sinaloa. Dyschoriste Candida. Frutescent, branching from the base, puberulent throughout, 3 dm. high: leaves ovate, acuminate or obtuse, cuueate at base into a petiole about 5 mm. long, below sprinkled with resinous atoms, 3-5 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm- wide: flowers nearly sessile, 1-2 in the axils of the leaves; calyx parted nearly to the base into narrow, linear lobes, 1 cm. long; bractlets rudimentary: corolla 5-6 cm. long, white, wilting in the sun- light; the tube 3 cm. long and the rounded lobes spreading 4 cm.; stamens nearly equal, united at base in pairs; anthers sagittate, mucronulate at base; posterior lobe of the stigma % as long as the anterior: capsule 1 cm. long, the stipitiform base very short; cells 2-seeded; seed pubescent with appressed hairs that become erect and mucilaginous when wetted. Collected near Altata, Sinaloa. Argithamnia discolor. Herbaceous, stems thickly covered with hairs, monoecious: leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly sessile, remotely denticulate, densely white-hairy beneath, green and nearly glabrous above, 6-8 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm- wide: racemes sessile in the axils, about 6-flowered, short and crowded: stami- nate flowers nearly sessile; bracts ovate-lanceolate, hirsute; sepals linear-lanceolate, hirsute, 5 mm. long, almost equalling the ovate-lanceolate petals that are hirsute on the back; stamens from the column in two verticels; glands with no free portion: pistil- late flower nearly sessile; bract broad, short, striate, more or less lacerate; calyx segments 7 mm. long, broadly lanceolate, hirsute, with a prominent midnerve near their bases; petals linear-ovate, 4 mm. long, long-acuminate, ochroleucous, hirsute; glands short, quadrate, more or less laciniate; ovary densely hirsute; styles hirsute, connate half their length and bifid half the free portion; capsule 6 mm. wide, hirsute; seed nearly conical, recticulate- rugose. Collected at Culiacan, 1904. Argithamnia gracilis. Annual, slightly canescent with mal- pighiaceous hairs, monoecious, about 3 dm. high, sometimes with a few branches: leaves ovate-acuminate, cuneate at base, entire; VOL. 5] Plants of Sinaioa. 243 blade 8 cm. long and less, 3-4 cm. wide and less; petiole, 1-1.5 cm. long: racemes axillary, shorter than the petioles, 4-5 flowered: staminate flowers on pedicels 1 mm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate; sepals linear-lanceolate, 3 mm. long, equalling the ovate, acuminate petals; stamens from the column in two verticels; glands linear-acuminate: pistillate flower on a pedicel 2 mm. long; ovate-lanceolate, becoming 1 cm. long; petals small, 2 mm. long, denticulate, spatulate-acuminate, attenuate to the base; glands yi as long; ovary densely hirsute; styles slightly united at base, bifid less than yi their length, not dilated above: capsule 6-7 mm. wide, flattened, somewhat hirsute: seed grayish, apiculate, indistinctly angled, flattened at base and coarsely rugose-reticulate. Collected near Culiacan, 1904. Specimens of an Argithamnia with characters similar to those of A. gracilis were collected at the same locality. They represent a frutescent species, the petals are more hirsute on the back, and there are other slight variations. It may be a distinct species, but it is possible for a perennial- to have annual forms. Roulinia Sinaloensis. A twining vine; branches glabrous with a pubescent line above: leaves opposite, abruptly acuminate, deeply cordate, glabrous, lighter colored beneath, larger ones 10 cm. long, 6 cm. wide; petioles 3-5 cm. long: racemes usually shorter than the leaves, 3-7 flowered: buds ovate-acuminate; peduncles minutely pubescent in lines; pedicels 5-15 mm. long: calyx-segments linear-lanceolate, 5 mm. long: corolla segments ligulate, b mm. .long, the edges incurved and the tip recurved: crown attached to the base of the column, parted into 5 3-lobed segments that are united 3 mm. at the base, the short lateral lobes not incurved and appearing to be winged margins of the gradually acuminate central one, which nearly equals the corolla lobes; the thickened margins of the central lobe are continued downward the length of the lateral lobes: anther tips oblong, rounded: stigma slightly 2-lobed, 5-rayed: pollinia oblong, on short narrow caudicles: mature follicles not seen. Climbing over bushes in the vicinity of Culiacan and Yervacito, Sinaloa, Mexico. March 5, 1908. 244 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zoe Gonolobus Altatensis. A twining vine, the stems pubescent and also hirsute: leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, a deep, narrow sinus at base nearly closed by the rounded basal lobes, sparingly hirsute on both faces, margin entire, 5-9 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide; petioles hirsute, 3-5 cm. long: inflorescence in axillary subum- bellate 2-5-flowered racemes; peduncles pubescent and hirsute, 4-6 cm. long; bracts linear-subulate, hirsute; pedicels 2-3 cm. long; buds orbicular, pubescent: calyx segments narrowly ovate- lanceolate, hirsute on the outer surface, glabrous within, reticu- lated, 4-5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide: corolla rotate, 18 mm. in diameter, reticulated, parted to the middle into 5 broad, rounded lobes: crown of 5 thick, fleshy, rounded, contiguous proceses attached to the corolla and base of the column reaching nearly to the anthers, bearing near the middle and base within 2 small hyaline scales that are joined to the column and have free tips; the processes are widened from the margins near the base out- ward and then inward nearly to the column horseshoe-like: stigma flat and radiate: anthers opening transversely, with rather prominent acute corneus wings, and white, scarious, deltoid or oblong tips 0.5 mm. long: fruit not seen. Collected near Altata and Culiacan, Sinaloa. NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PLANTS. BY T. S. BRANDEGEE. A few of these plants were found in Baja California the others are from the collections of Dr C. A. Purpus, made dur- ing the years 1906 and ^907, at'Zacuapan, Vera Cruz, Esperanza and Boca del Monte, Puebla, and at San Luis Tultitlanpa, South- western Puebla, near the State of Oaxaca. The region about Zacuapan and Mi^ador has been visited by Galeotti, Sartorius, Liebman and other collectors, consequently the large collections of Dr. Purpus from this part of Mexico contain few undescribed forms. Most of the following species came from the unexplored region between Puebla and Oaxaca. The few plants not col- lected by Dr. Purpus have the collector's name mentioned, and VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 245 when Dr. Purpus was the collector, only the number of the plant in his distributed sets is noted. The types are all in the Herb- arium of the University of California. Apodanthes. Mexicana. Plantulae ovatse primum cylindra- l?j cese, 3 mm. longse; bracteis sepalisque circa 12, insequalibus, % orbicularibus vel oblongis, minute erosis, fuscis; ovario fere % infero; ovulis placentis parietalibus confluentibus undique in- f sertis; baccse vertice conico partem semniferam aequante; stig- j mate bilobato: flores masculi ignoti. Herbse in cortice Callian- | dr(Z grandiflorce habitantes. j This species differs from A. calliandns of Brazil in the position 1 of the floral bracts about the " pseudocarpium" and the erose fi edges of all the bracts. The bracts or scales are adherent to the | base of the ovary, but when the plant falls from its host a few of | the lower bracts persist. Collected in Barranca de Tenampa, j near Zacuapan. No. 2207. Tradescantia monosperma. Caules ramosi plures pubes- centes: foliis ovato-lanceolatis, 3-5 cm. longis, 1-1.5 cm. latis, carinatis aut planis; umbellis terminalibus, cum plurimis axil- laribus, sessilibus paucifloris; pedicellis 4-6 mm. longis; sepalis navicularibus 5 mm. longis petalis purpurascentibus breviori- bus; filamentis 5-6 basi pilis moniliformibus barbatis; antheris consimilibus, loculorum connectivo lato: ovario pubescenti 4 mm. longi, loculis 2-ovulatis; capsulse loculis monospermis; seminibus oblongo-ellipsoideis, hilo lineari, embryostega dorsali rugis subradiantibus. All the capsules examined have but one seed in each cell. The seed is elliptical in outline, flattened and excavated on the ventral side,, with a linear salient ventral ridge, arid is not unlike the seed of Euphacelia. In the arrangement of Tradescantia by C. B. Clarke it would come near T. crassifolia. Collected on rocks near San Luis Tultitlanpa, Puebla. No. 2755. Talinum oligospermum. Caules ramosi 3-6 cm. alti ex radi- cibus tuberosis diametro 1-3 cm.: foliis planis oblongis obtusis, 1-2 mm. latis, 1-2 cm. longis: fioribus cymosis ramos breves terminantibus vel pedunculis 1-2 cm. longis axillaribus; bracteis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis; sepalis late ovatis cito deciduis; 246 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zoe petalis 5 roseis, 4 mm. longis; staminibus 5; stylis columnaris capsulse sequilongis; capsulis ovoideis 1.5 mm. longis: semini- bus 3-8 levibus, testa cinerea. Collected on Cerro de la Yerba, Puebla; growing in dry, rocky soil. No. 2513. Fendlerella Mexicana. Frutex ramosissimus co'rtice cinereo: foliis ovato-lanceolatis sessilibus, prope basim persistentem an- gustatis articulatis deinde deciduis, axillis densissime longe albo- sericeo pilosis, margine revolutis, 1 cm. longis, 2-3 mm. latis, basi connatis, supra pilis paucis basi pustulatis instructis, subtus albo-sericeo-pilosis: cymis compositis ramos terminantibus; pedi- cellis 3 mm. longis: calycibus turbinato-campanulatis, segmen- tis petalis spatulatis 4 mm. longis brevioribus; staminibus 10; stylis 2: capsulis juvenilibus calycis tubo medio adhserentibus: ovario 2-loculari; ovulo 1 pendulo. The genus Fendle?ella is not very distinct from Whipplea in floral and fruiting characters, but differs very much in habit and leaves. The leaves of F. Utahensis, like those of F. Mexicava, break away, leaving a base silky-hairy in the axils; this char- acter is especially evident with F. Mexicana, for the leaves are soon deciduous, the nodes are only 3-4 mm. apart, and the long, white silky-hairs give a gray appearance to the otherwise naked brauchlets. The base of some stems is 1 cm. thick. Collected on rocky slopes of Cerro de Baxtle, Puebla. No. 2588. Rhynchosia prostrata. Caules prostrati ramosi pubescenti e radice valida 1-1.5 dm. longi: foliolis 3, orbiculatis mucronatis. basi cuneatis, pubescentibus, subtus punctis resinosis conspersis, diametro 1 cm.; petiolis 5-12 mm. longis: stipulis lineari-lanceo- latis 3 mm. longis: fioribus solitariis flavis 4-5 mm. longis; pen- dunculis axillaribus 1 cm. longis: catycis segmentis lineari-lan- ceolatis tubo sequilongis: leguminibus 18 mm. longis: seminibus 2 compresso-gloiDosis. X The legume and seed are the same ;^|, those of R. senna, to which this species is closely related. Collected at Esperanza, Puebla. No. 2479. Desmodium lunatum. Suffrutex volubilis, ramfifcteretibus elongatis fulvo-uncinato-hirsutis simul tomentosis; foliis trifolio- VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 247 latis; fblioliis breviter petiolulatis membrauaceis ovato-lanceo- i latis mucronatis 5-10 cm. longis, laterariis multo minoribus, basi jfj rotundatis utrinque dense molliterque strigillosis, marginibus i'j nervisque fulvis; stipulis ovato-lanceolatis acutis striatis ciliatis \\ 3 mm. longis valde deciduis; stipellis filifbrmibus 3 mm. longis; | floribus 6 mm. longis purpureo-violaceis numerosissimis race- f. moso-paniculatis; racemis laxis; pedicellis circiter 5 mm. longis ; solitariis geminis vel interdum teruis; calycibus parce pilosis ;; 4-partitis, lobis subsequalibus acuminatis; ovariis hirsutis; leg.u- ; minibus stipitatis latisisisimis plan is reticulato-venosis parce j pilosis ssepe biarticulatis; articulis fere disjunctis suborbiculari- : bus vel orbiculari-reniformibus, 2.5 cm. diametro, sinu seminali I acutangulo, marginibus fulvo-ciliatis; stipitibus 6 mm. longis. Species liaec D. scutaio similis. j This proposed new species belongs to the subsection Nephro- j meria, and is much like D. scuiatum. Collected in openings of forests near Zacuapan. No. 1907. >Eschynomene Purpusii. Frutex ramosissimus, cortice fusco, novellis albo-strigoso-hirsutis; foliis breviter petiolatis, 2 cm. longis; foliolis 7-8-jugis contiguis, supra glabris, subtus adpresso- pilosis, acuminatis, oblongis, costa marginali, basi auriculatis, 5-6 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, jugis supremis minoribus fere semi- circulatis; floribus 5-7 fasciculatis, 2 mm. longis; leguminum stipite flores aequantibus; articulis hirsutis 3-5 ellipticis; isthmis angustis suturae semniferse contiguis. Collected near Zacuapan. This is a shrubby species, most resembling s£. compacta. No. 1904. Erythrina petraea. Frutex ramis pubescentibus parce aculea- tis: foliis 5-9 cm. longis; petiolis pubescentibus 3-5 cm. longis saepe aculeum gerentibus; foliolis late ovato-acuminatis, supra glabris subtus puberulis, basi cuneatis vel truncatis, 2-3 cm. longis, breviter petiolulatis: racemis circa 5 cm. longis versus apices paucifloris; pedicellis 3 mm. longis; calycibus subbilabi- atis circa 1 cm. longis: vexillo obovato 3 cm. longo, 2.2 cm. lato; alis 7 mm. longis, obliquis acuminatis; carina retusa, 1.5 cm. longa. 1 cm. lata; staminibus vexillo brevioribus. Iyegumen ignotum. 248 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zoE Collected on Cerro de la Yerba, growing among rocks. No. 2680. Mimosa Luisana. Frutex ramosus, ramis fuscis, aculeis com- pressis recurvatis atrorubescentibus 5 mm.longis armatis: stipu- lis 3.5 mm. longis lanceolatis: petiolis 5 mm. longis et rhachidi- bus foliorum 1-1.5 cm. longis inarmatis, tomentosis: pinnis 4-5 jugis: foliolis 4-5-jugis oblongo-ovatis acuminatis sessilibus pubescentibus basi obliquis, 4 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis: floribus spicatis; spicis circa 2 cm. longis, longe pedicellatis in racemis longis terminalibus dispositis; corolla 4 mm. longa extus sericeo- pubescente ad medium in dentes 5 secta: staminibus 10: legu- minibus 3-4 cm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, abrupte et longe acu- minatis, curvatis, pubescentibus; seminibus 5-8; segmentis quadratis concavo-convexis; replo valido. The specimens are fruiting with but few flowers remaining. The legumes and leaflets somewhat resemble those of M. calricola, but the inflorescence is very different. Collected in arroyos near San Iyuis, Puebla. No. 2647. Phaseolus striatus. Volubilis, caulibus parce pubescentibus: foliolis lateralibus obliquis, deltoideo-acuminatis mucronatis, 4-4.5 cm. longis, 2-2.5 cm. latis; foliolo terminalirhomboideo-acu- minato; stipulis ovato-acuminatis striatis; stipellis lanceolatis striatis petiolis sequilongis: stipulis ovato-acuminatis: floribus 6-8 versus apicem pedunculi pubescentis racemosis; pedicellis 0.5-10 mm. longis; pedunculis foliis sequilongis vel superanti- bus; bracteolis fere glabris, late ellipsoideis, minute ciliatis, striatis 6 mm. longis calyce longioribus: calycis dentibus 2 supe- rioribus connatis truncatis, inferioribus subsequalibus truncatis apiculatis: corollis purpurascentibus: legumine 6 cm. longo, 1 cm. lato, pubescente. Collected on Cerro de la Yerba. No. 2678. Bursera filicifolia. Arbor parva ratnosa, cortice cinereo, ramulis striatis; foliis numerosis ramulos terminantibus, 2-4 cm. longis; foliolis 5-9-jugis, prsesertim subtus tomentosis vel pubes- centibus, sessilibus vel petiolulis parvis alatis, ovatis, basi cunea- tis, crenatis, 5-10 mm. longis; alis inter foliolorum juga angus- VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 249 i\ ¦ji tis; petalis calyce duplo longioribns; peduuculis 1-2-floris, 2-5 \ cm. longis. ;j; This small tree is mentioned in my lists of Cape Region plants •'' under the name of Bursera laxiflora, which some forms of it resemble. The color of the bark easily distinguishes them, that - of B. laxiflora being reddish, and that of B. filicifolia gray. The leaves of the form most closely approaching B. laxiflora \ differ from it in having more crowded, pubescent and smaller ; leaflets. An extreme form from La Paz has small leaves resemb- ling fronds of Cheilanlhes tomentosa. It is common throughout the Cape Region of Baja California. <- Bursera Purpusii. Frutex ramulis cinereis glabris; foliis ! imparipinnatis utrinque viridibus, 2-3-jugis, 6 cm. longis, ad \- apicem ramulorum congestis, petiolo interdum angustissimo- j alato; foliolis anguste ovatis vel spatulatis, obtusis basi cuneatis, < usque 2.2 cm. longis, 8 mm. latis, inferioribus nrinoribus, fere sessilibus, nervis lateralibus paullum prominulis; drupis sub- j globosis brunneis solitariis; pedicellis defiexis, 2 mm. longis. ) Flores ignoti. ' ' ji Collected at Zacuapan and described in the collector's notes as I a small shrub growing on rocky slopes of barrancas. No. 2045. I Xanthoxylum peninsulare. Frutex ramosissimus 1 m. altus; j' cortice cinereo; ramis junioribus cinereo-pubescentibus; aculeis j conicis fuscis 4 mm. longis: foliis 4-12 cm. longis pubescentibus ] imparipinnatis; foliolis 1-2-jugis petiolatis, late ovatis obtusis \ vel oblongo-acuminatis, 3-6 cm. longis, 1-5 cm. latis, margine j leviter crenatis, coriaceis, pellucido-punctatis: paniculis termin- \ alibus et axillaribus foliis brevioribus: fioribus masculis 4-5- -] meris, pedicellis 2-3 mm. longis; carpellis maturis plerumque solitariis. Collected in the Cape Region of Baja California, at San Jose del Cabo, San Bartolome, Sierra de la Laguna by the writer, and at Las Animas. No. 270, Purpus. Croton Coatepensis. Fruticosus ramosus, ramis juvenilibus pilosis: foliis ovato-acuminatis basi cuneatis, glanduloso-denticu- latis, pagina inferiore densissime stellato-pilosa, superiore pubes- cente et viridiore; limbi foliorum 2.5-3.5 cm- l°ngii I~i>5 cm. 250 New Species of Mexican Plants. [ZOE lati; petioli pilosi 2.5 cm. longi; stipulis lineari-lanceolatis: race- mis pilosis foliis longioribus, axillaribus et terminantibus circa 4 cm. longis, laxifloris, rhacidibus basi longe nudatis: floribus masculis circa 20, pedicellis 1 cm. longis; calycis laciniis 4, ovato-acuminatis extus pilosis, 2 mm. longis; petalis flabelli- formibus unguiculatis, dense pilosis, 1.5 mm. longis; stamini- bus 4 exsertis; filamentis glabris; receptaculo glabro: floribus foeminiis circa 6; calycis laciniis 5, iis masculorum similibus; petalis lineari-lanceolatis, 1.5 mm. longis, pilosis; ovario piloso; stylis basi latis, bis divisis. Collected among rocks on Cerro de Coatepe, Puebla. No. 2827. Wissadula conferta. Fruticosa, dense stellato-tomentosa: foliis late ovatis, acuminatis crenatis cordatis, subtus dense albo- stellato-tomentosis, petiolo excluso 6-9 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, supra viridioribus pubescentibus, basi 5-7-nervis; petiolis 4-6 cm. longis: floribus versus apicem viscosum caulis cougestis: calycibus pubescentibus 1 cm. -longis; lobis deltoideis brevibus; petalis aureis 12 mm. longis; columnis stamineis nullis: capsulis stellato-pubescentibus calycis lobis sequilongis; carpellis muti- cis: ovulis 3, duobus superioribus collateralibus: seminibus levibus. Collected on rocky, sun-exposed slopes of Cerro de la Yerba, Puebla. No. 2602. Pavonia Purpusii. Frutescens, ramis dense glanduloso-pubes- centibus atque pilis hirsutis intermixtis; foliis ovatis longe acu- minatis ssepe trilobatis, basi cordatis, dentato-serratis, subtus pubescentibus supra sericeis, 8 cm. longis, 5 cm. latis; petiolis glanduloso-pubescentibus, 4-6 cm. longis; floribus pedicellatis in axillis supremis solitariis; pedicellis 6-7 cm. longis sub apice articulatis; petalis cuneatis, 2 cm. longis, 1.4 cm. latis, flavo- violaceis; calvcibus tomentosis, segmentis deltoideis trinerviis 1 cm. longis; bracteolis 10, linearibus glanduloso-hirsutis 1 cm. lougis; capsulis depressis pubescentibus quinquelocularibus; loculis monospermis; seminibus subreniformibus rugosis. Collected at Zacuapan. No. 1946. Lopezia foliosa. Frutescens, 4-5 dm. alta, caulibus cum ramis intricatis ascendentibus vel prostratis et radicantibus, vol. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 251 tomentoso-hirsutis; foliis parce pubescentibus, alternates nurnero- sis lanceolatis,. 1-2 cm. longis, 4-8 mm. latis, in petiolum 2-3 mm. longum angustatis; floribus in axillis solitariis vel ramos numerosos laterales terminantibus, pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis; petalis purpureis albo-marginatis, spatulatis 5 mm. longis; sta- mine petaloideo late obcordato fere albo; capsulis 3 mm. diame- tro ad apicem dehiscentibus. Collected in Barranca de Tenampa, near Zacuapan. No. 2303. Gaultheria angustifolia. Frutex ramis viscosis, foliosis; foliis coriaceis, breviter petiolatis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis, basi cuneatis, argute serratis, glaberrimis, utrinque reticulatis; racemis glanduloso-hirsutis, 6-10-floris, axillaribus vel terminali- bus; pedicellis 5 mm. longis bracteas superantibus infra medium 2-bracteolatis: calycibus 5-partitis tomentosis: corollis urceolatis 7 mm. longis, lobis recurvis: staminibus 10; filamentis pilosis: antherarum loculis apice 2-aristatis. Capsulae maturae non sup- petunt. Collected on rocky slopes of Ixtaccihuatl, at 9-10,000 ft. alti- tude. No. 2040. Asclepias Purpusii. Erecta puberula, foliis oppositis, breviter petiolatis, oblongis acuminatis membrenaceis, basi rotundatis vel cuneatis; umbellis interpetiolaribus pedunculatis, 5-10-floris, pedunculis 1.5-2 cm. longis; pedicellis 2 cm. longis; calycis seg- mentis ovato-lauceolatis; corollis ut videtur flavescentibus, lobis ovato-oblongis, 1 cm. longis; cucullis supra columnam 8 mm. longis antheris longioribus, apice rotundatis; ligulis longiuscule exsertis; antherarum alis triangularibus basi rotundatis. Fol- liculi ignoti. The stems are 6 dm. and more long, the petioles about 1 cm. long. Collected at Zacuapan, where it is not common. No. 2099. Gonolobus xanthotrichus. Herbaceus, ferrugineo-hirsutus pilis patentibus; foliis late oblanceolatis, longe acuminatis, basi rotundatis, 8.5 cm. longis, 3 cm. latis; pedunculis bifloris, 5 mm. longis; pedicellis 3-4 cm. longis; corollis atropurpureis rotatis, lobis ovato-lanceolatis extus hirsutis vix reticulatis; calycibus hirsutis, segmentis late ovato-lanceolatis; corona duplice, exteri- 250 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zoe lati; petioli pilosi 2.5 cm. longi; stipulislineari-lanceolatis: race- mis pilosis foliis longioribus, axillaribus et terminantibus circa 4 cm. longis, laxifloris, rhacidibus basi longe nudatis: floribus masculis circa 20, pedicellis 1 cm. longis; calycis laciniis 4, ovato-acuminatis extus pilosis, 2 mm. longis; petalis flabelli- formibus unguiculatis, dense pilosis, 1.5 mm. longis; stamini- bus 4 exsertis; filamentis glabris; receptaculo glabro: floribus foeminiis circa 6; calycis laciniis 5, iis masculorum similibus; petalis lineari-lanceolatis, 1.5 mm. longis, pilosis; ovario piloso; stylis basi latis, bis divisis. Collected among rocks on Cerro de Coatepe, Puebla. No. 2827. Wissadula conferta. Fruticosa, dense stellato-tomentosa: foliis late ovatis, acuminatis crenatis cordatis, subtus dense albo- stellato-tomentosis, petiolo excluso 6-9 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, supra viridioribus pubescentibus, basi 5-7-nervis; petiolis 4-6 cm. longis: floribus versus apicem viscosum caulis cougestis: calycibus pubescentibus 1 cm. longis; lobis deltoideis brevibus; petalis aureis 12 mm. longis; columnis stamineis nullis: capsulis stellato-pubescentibus calycis lobis sequilongis; carpellis muti- cis: ovulis 3, duobus superioribus collateralibus: seminibus levibus. Collected on rocky, sun-exposed slopes of Cerro de la Yerba, Puebla. No. 2602. Pavonia Purpusii. Frutescens, ramis dense glanduloso-pubes- centibus atque pilis hirsutis intermixtis; foliis ovatis longe acu- minatis ssepe trilobatis, basi cordatis, dentato-serratis, subtus pubescentibus supra sericeis, 8 cm. longis, 5 cm. latis; petiolis glauduloso-pubescentibus, 4-6 cm. longis; floribus pedicellatis in axillis supremis solitariis; pedicellis 6-7 cm. longis sub apice articulatis; petalis cuneatis, 2 cm. longis, 1.4 cm. latis, flavo- violaceis; calvcibus tomentosis, segmentis deltoideis trinerviis 1 cm. longis; bracteolis 10, linearibus glanduloso-hirsutis 1 cm. longis; capsulis depressis pubescentibus quinquelocularibus; loculis monospermis; seminibus subreniformibus rugosis. Collected at Zacuapan. No. 1946. Lopezia foliosa. Frutescens, 4-5 dm. alta, caulibus cum ramis intricatis ascendentibus vel prostratis et radicantibus, vol. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 251 tomentoso-hirsutis; foliis parce pubescentibus, alternatis numero- sis lanceolatis,. 1-2 cm, longis, 4-8 mm. latis, in petiolum 2-3 mm. longum angustatis; floribus in axillis solitariis vel ramos numerosos laterales terminantibus, pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis; ) petalis purpureis albo-marginatis, spatulatis 5 mm. longis; sta- mine petaloideo late obcordato fere albo; capsulis 3 mm. diame- tro ad apicem dehiscentibus. Collected in Barranca deTenampa, near Zacuapan. No. 2303. Gaultheria angustifolia. Frutex ramis viscosis, foliosis; foliis coriaceis, breviter petiolatis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis, basi cuneatis, argute serratis, glaberrimis, utrinque reticulatis; racemis glanduloso-hirsutis, 6-io-floris, axillaribus vel terminali- bus; pedicellis 5 mm. longis bracteas superantibus infra medium 2-bracteolatis: calycibus 5-partitis tomentosis: corollis urceolatis 7 mm. longis, lobis recurvis: staminibus 10; filamentis pilosis: antherarum loculis apice 2-aristatis. Capsulse maturse non sup- petunt. i;. Collected on rocky slopes of Ixtaccihuatl, at 9-10,000 ft. alti- tude. No. 2040. Asclepias Purpusii. Erecta puberula, foliis oppositis, breviter petiolatis, oblongis acuminatis membrenaceis, basi rotundatis vel cuneatis; umbellis interpetiolaribus pedunculatis, 5-10-floris, pedunculis 1.5-2 cm. longis; pedicellis 2 cm. longis; calycis seg- mentis ovato-lauceolatis; corollis ut videtur fiavescentibus, lobis ovato-oblongis, 1 cm. longis; cucullis supra columnam 8 mm. longis antheris longioribus, apice rotundatis; ligulis longiuscule exsertis; antherarum alis triangularibus basi rotundatis. Fol- liculi ignoti. The stems are 6 dm. and more long, the petioles about 1 cm. long. Collected at Zacuapan, where it is not common. No. 2099. Gonolobus xanthotrichus. Herbaceus, ferrugineo-hirsutus \': pilis patentibus; foliis late oblanceolatis, longe acuminatis, basi rotundatis, 8.5 cm. longis, 3 cm. latis; pedunculis bifloris, 5 mm. longis; pedicellis 3-4 cm. longis; corollis atropurpureis rotatis, lobis ovato-lanceolatis extus hirsutis vix reticulatis; calycibus hirsutis, segmentis late ovato-lanceolatis; corona duplice, exteri- 252 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zoe ore annulare pilis vel squamis fimbriatis, interiore squamis quad- ratis carnosis; tubo stamineo 2 mm. longo; stigmate apice um- bonato; polliniis fere horizontalibus. Folliculi ignoti. Stems hirsute with long, spreading, bristly, fulvous hairs; leaves tawny-hirsute on both faces; petioles densely hirsute. Crown often fleshy, quadrate scales, about 1 mm. high, attached to the base of the column and on the outer side furnished with numerous, yellowish hairs or fimbriate appendages longer than the scales themselves and forming a conspicuous ring within the corolla. Collected at Zacuapan. No. 2097 Microdactylon, gen. nov. Calyx 5-partitus, basi intus 5-glandulosus. Corolla campanulato-subrotata, alte 5-fida, lobis latis coutortis dextrorsum obtengentibus. Coronae squamae 5, tubo stamineo affixse, erectse, in ligulos 4-5 antheras superantas productae. Stamina basi corollse affixa, filamentis in tubum con- natis; antherae sub sinubus breves, subtransversim dehiscentes. Pollinia in quoque loculo solitaria, obovata, inter stigrnatis angu- los introrsum spectantia. Stigma vertice depressum. Frutex scandens affinis Gonolobo et Microstelmce. Microdactylon cordatum. Caules ramosissimi fruticosi, juve- nilibus pubescentibus pilis intermixtis: foliis oppositis oblongo- ovatis acuminatis, basi profunde cordatis, utrinque pubescenti- bus, petiolo excludente 3-4 cm. longis, 2-2.3 cm. latis; petiolis 1.5-2 cm. longis: cymis 1-4-floris; pedunculis pubescentibus 2-3.5 cm- longis; pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis: calycis segmentis ovato-lanceolatis pubescentibus, 6 mm. longis: corollis atro-pur- pureis, tubo 3 mm. longo glabro, lobis 7 mm. longis, intus longe cinereo-pilosis. Folliculi ignoti No species seems to have been described in the genus Micro- stelma. The specimens indicate a plant with stems at least 1 m. long. The ash-colored woody stems are 3-4 mm. in diameter, and the numerous short branches usually bear the cymes from the leaf axils. The flower differs from that of Gonolobus in the construction and attachment of the corona. The staminal col- umn is 2-3 mm. long, and the laterally compressed scales of the corona are attached nearly its whole length; they are about 2 mm. wide at the fleshy-thickened top near the anthers, and then vol. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 253 are produced into 4-5 or more finger-like processes of unequal lengths, the longest being 3 mm. long. The minute anther wings are corneous. Collected on Cerro de Castillo, near Coate- pec, Puebla, growing in rocky soil. No. 2836. Asclepiodora insignis. Caules 3-4 dm. longi compressi glabri e radicibus tuberosis: foliis glabris oppositis oblongis obtusis vel retusis, apice abrupte acuminatis, basi cordatis, margine un- dulatis, sessilibus: umbellis caules terminantibus; pedunculis 2-4 cm. longis; pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis bifariam pubescentibus: calycis segmentis ovsto-lanceolatis numquam reflexis, 6-8 mm. longis: corollis fere basi in lobos flavescenti-albidos ovato- oblongos, 1.5-1.8 cm. longos, albo-marginatos, apice obtusos curvato-mucronatos sectis: cucullis columnse aflixis, a latere complanatis, costa 1.5 mm. lata ssepe rubella, antheras multo Superantibus, lamellis triangularis instructis, squamis parvis duobus alternantibus: antheris alis truncatis basi rotundatis.> Folliculi ignoti. This peculiar species resembles in some respects A. Feayi, a plant that has been considered an Asclepias by Gray, and an Asclepio- dora by Chapman. The genus Asclepiodora is suppressed in Pflanzenfamilien by K. Schuman. This plant is certainly not an Asclepias, and also not a good Asclepiodora. The hoods altern- ate with two small scales, are solid below the middle, and the sides of the upper part are separated by a thin lamina attached to the midrib. The midrib has almost no thickness, but is wide, as if the sides of the hood were united to form it, and it is colored a reddish brown, making a striking contrast with the corolla. The anther wings are corneous, except at their rounded bases and the pollinia equal in length the caudicle. San Luis Tultitlanpa. No. 2624. Nama spatulatum. Caules e radice lignosis 5-10 cm. altis, hirsutis foliosis: foliis spatulatis. 2-3 cm. longis, 2-5 mm. latis utrinque hirsutis, basi angustatis, sessilibus acuminatis: floribus axillaribus pedicellis 4 mm. longis: calycis segmentis 9-10 mm. longis, lineari-lanceolatis, pubescenti-hirsutis: corollis calycibus duplo longioribus tubulato-infunduliformibus purpureis, lobis parvis: filamentis inferne bidentatis, basi corollse adnatis margini- 254 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zoe bus liberis: stylis fere apicibus cohaerentibus: capsulis oblongis calycibus brevioribus: seminibus numerosis globosis scrobiculatis. This plant is related to the species having dentate filaments, but is peculiar in having united styles. Collected on Cerro de Baxtle, Puebla, growing in moist soil. No. 2584. Nama flavescens. Suffruticosum, ramosum parce hirsutum flavo-glandulosum; caule erecto albo-pannoso; foliis angusto- linearibus, 1.5 cm. longis, margine revolutis, flavoglandulosis; floribus ad apicem ramorum irregulariter cymosis; corolla in- fundibuliformi-campanulata violacea 2 cm. longa, sepalis sursum haud ampliatis paullo longiore; staminibus inaequaliter insertis; filaraentis basi corollse adnatis, marginibus liberis; seminibus subglobosis scrobiculatis. The appearance of this species is like that of N. stenophyllum, differing in its yellowish green aspect. Collected near Parras, Coahuila. No. 1875. Trichostema Purpusii. Frutescens puberulum, caulibus ra- mosis erectis 4-5 dm. longis: foliis ovato-acuminatis 2-3 cm. longis, 1-1.5 cm. latis, brevipetiolatis: cymarum pendunculis 1.5 cm. longis, 2-4-laxifloris; pedicellis 2-10 mm. longis: caly- cibus campanulatis 5 mm. altis, ad medium in dentes subsequales ovato-acuminatos sectis: corollis coccineis; tubis 1 cm. longis; lobis oblongis, 4 mm. latis, obtusis, inferioribus vix longioribus. staminibus corollis duplo longioribus: antherarum loculis con- fluentibus divaricatis. The long stamens are spirally coiled in the bud. A fine species, with handsome, large, scarlet corollas. Its geographical habitat is aberrant, as well as the color of its flowers. Collected on Cerro de la Yerba, Puebla, growing in moist soil. No. 2259. Hedeoma tenuiflora. Caules retrorsum pubescentes, 3-4 dm. longi e radicibus lignosis: foliis pubescentibus ovato-acumin- atis, 1 cm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis basi in petiolum brevem cunea- tis, margine revolutis: verticillastris sessilibus vel pedunculis 1-4 mm. longis, 1-4-floris: pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis pubescenti- bus: calycis tubo basi subgibbo; dentibus subulato-setaceis, in- ferioribus rectis superioribus recurvatis longioribus: corollis tubulatis purpurascentibus, 15 mm. longis calycibus triplo longi- VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 255 oribus, extus pubescentibus intus exannulatis, staminum rudi- mentis brevibus subulatis. Collected at El Rancho Viejo, near the central part of Baja California, Apr. 30, 1889, by T. S. Brandegee. The long corolla is the only character this plant has suggesting Poliomintha^ a genus Briquet in Pflanzenfamilien reduces to Hedeoma. Salvia Zacuapanensis. Fruticulus caule glabro erecto ramoso purpureo 5 dm. longo; racemissolitariis, 2-6-verticillastris ramos terminantibus; foliis 4-6 cm. longis, ovato-acuminatis vel rhom- boideo-acuminatis, basi cuneatis grosse crenato-dentatis subtus ad venas pilosis supra glabris; petiolis' purpureis 2-3.5 cm- longis; verticillastris approximatis, bracteis reniformibus acumin- atis purpurascentibus membranaceis pilis albidis longis ciliatis; calycibus 1.4 cm. longis purpurascentibus glabris membranaceis, lobis latis acutis parce ciliatis; corolla pubescentecalycem paullo superante. Flores omnino 6*. saltuensis sed planta glabrior foliis diversis. This plant is closely related to S. saltuensis. The glabrous leaves are strikingly different in appearance; often the outline is sharply angled at the middle, and the long acuminate tip is not serrate. The verticils are not so crowded and the stems are more woody. Collected at Zacuapan, on moist slopes of the Bar- ranca de Tenampa. No. 1932. Salvid ramosa. Fruticosa ramosa; ramis brunneis superne albidis stellato-puberulis: foliis ovatis breviter crenatis basi truncatis vel Cordatis, 18 mm. longis, 12 mm. latis, supra rugosis et parce pubescentibus, subtus dense stellato-pubescentibus; petiolis circiter 5 mm. longis albo-pubescentibus: verticellis 6-10 demum 1 cm. distantibus 4-10-floris, racemis 4-7 cm. longis ramos terminantibus: calyce pedicellis duplo longiore anguste tubulato-campanulato circa 4 mm. longo cum pilis ramosis tomen- toso; corolla pallide cseiulea tubo calycem sequante, galea 3 mm. longa breviter pilosa labio inferiore duplo longiore. Related to 5. multiramea. Collected on Cerro de Mazize, Puebla. No. 2578. Salvia hamata. Suffrutex caulibus superne glanduloso-pu- berulis simul hispidulis cum pilis brevibus albis planis: foliis 256 New Species of Mexican Plants. [ZOE glanduloso-punctatis ovatis crenatis apice obtusis basi cordatis truncatis vel cuneatis, 2-4 cm. longis, 1-2.5 cm' latis, petiolis 1.5-2 cm. longis; racemis 1-2 dm. longis: verticellis 2-4-floris inferioribus 5-6 cm. distantibus: bracteis late ovatis albo-ciliatis uncinato-aristatis deeiduis; pedicellis 4 mm. longis: calyce tubu- lato-campanulato 12-14 mm- longo glanduloso et hirtello, denti- bus acuminatis: corolla rubra 2.5 cm. longa; galea pilosa labio inferiore breviore: stylo glabro. 6". ancistrocarphce affinis. This plant is near 5*. ancistrocarpha, from which it differs in having the base of the stem woody, smaller, thinner, long petioled leaves, and usually two-flowered verticels. The stems are often dark purple and the leaves sometimes have a purple margin. Collected on Cerros de Coatepe and Santa Lucia. No. 2579. Cestrum arborescens. Arbor parva, ramulis fuscis pubescen- tibus: foliis oblongo-ovatis basi cuneatis utrinque puberulis viridibusque, 8-13 cm. longis, 2—3 cm. latis; petiolis 2-2.5 rnm. longis; gemmarum axillarum foliis axilli."-que densissime fulvo- tomentosis: racemis 3-10 cm. longit-, 5-10-floris, plus minus tomentosis, ad nodos defoliatos lateralibus orientibus: calycibus tubulosis, 1-2 mm. longis, basi in stipites 6 mm. longos attenua- tis pedicellis eequales: calycis laciniis insequalibus lanceolatis circa 3 mm. longis intus pubescentibus: corollis 18 mm. longis; tubo tenui ad faucem 3 mm. lato ampliato: antheris explanatis orbicularibus: filamentis tertise parti supers: tubi insertisj genicu- latis, obtuse dentatis, basi pubescentibus: baccis 1-4-spermis calycibus tectis. A small tree growing in moist soil of barrancas, near San Luis Tultitlanpa, Puebla. No. 2715. Maurandia Purpusii. Herba caulibus puberulis: foliis sagit- tatis 3-4 cm. longis, 4 cm. latis, acuminatis irregulariter et tenu- iter dentatis vel integris: petiolis 1-2 cm. longis: floribus axil- laribus solitariis circiter 5 cm. longis; pedunculi.1- 4 cm. lcrgis; calycis segmentis late ovatis acuminatis purpurascentibus, 15 mm. longis; corollis violaceis leviter obliquis: capsulis cah cibus per- sistentibus brevioribus, polyspermis: seminibus subero-tubercu- latis circumalatis; alis 2-3-fidis margine irregulariter sinuatis. vol. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 257 This Maurandia is near M. erubescens, differing in being more glabrous and having flowers much smaller, corollas half as wide and but slightly ampliated. The peduncles are usually longer than the leaves, which often have entire margins. Collected at San Luis, Puebla, growing among rocks in the mountains. No. 2567. Pinguicula scopulorum. Glabra velpilosiuscula; foliis rotun- dato-ovatis, obtusis vel acutis, 2—3 cm. longis; 1.5 cm. latis; scapis 8 cm. longis; corolla 1 cm. longa, lobis fere sequalibus integris, 3-4 mm. longis, purpnrascentibus, tubo flavo; calcare circa 3 mm. longo, flavo, obtuso. This plant differs from P. lilacina as described in several particulars, but chiefly in not having black-punctate leaves. Collected at Zacuapan on moist rocks. Randia megacarpa. Frutex 2 m. altus cortice cinereo; ramis brevibus ad apices spinas 4-nas 12 mm. longas gerentibus: foliis obovatis, obtusis vel acuminatis, 2-3 cm. longis, 1—1.5 cm. latis, basi cuneatis, fasciculatis, utrinque tomentosis: bacca sessili globosa, 3 cm. in diametro, fere glabra. Flores ignoti. This probably is the same plant as that of the Xantus collection mentioned by Dr. Gray as Randia armata DC? It is known as "papache" by the people of the country, a name applied also to R. Thurberi and to Genipa echinocarpa in Sinaloa. R. obcordata is sometimes called "pimiento" in Baja California. In the mature fruit the aglutinated mass of seeds is free and can be rattled about, nothing of the placentas remaining. A bush in cultiva- tion at San Diego, Cal., although luxuriant, has not blossomed, and until flowers have been examined, there must remain a slight doubt concerning" the genus. The type was collected at Comoudu, Baja California, Feb. 2, 1889, by T. S. Brandegee. Randia albonervia Frutex cortice cinereo, ramulis sepius ad apices 2-3 spinas gerentibus: foliis ovatis vel obovatis, acumina- tis, basi cuneatis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, utrinque dense pubescentibus, subtus ad venis albo-pubescentibus, 2-5 cm. longis, 1-2.5 cm. lads: floribus solitariis ratnulos terminantibus; corollae tubo albo-pubescente, 4 cm. longo, sensim 4 mm. lato ampliato, limbi lobis 2 -cm. longis, lanceolatis, acuminatis; alabastris pubes- 258 New Species of Mexican Plants. [ZOE centibus antheris 6 mm. longis in fauce fere sessilibus: stigmate 2-fido: calycis lobis anguste lanceolatis, inaequalibus, i cm. longis, tubo longioribus. Fructus ignotus. Collected at Corral de las Piedras, near Zacuapan. No. 2424. Perezia tomentosa. Caules arachnoideo-tomentosi basi fusco- lanati 2-4 dm. alti: foliis imbricatis ovatis acuminatis sessilibus argute dentatis, subtus dense albido-tomentosis, supra arach- noideo-tomentosis, 2.5-5 cm- longis, 1.5-2.3 cm. latis: capite diametro 3 cm. caules vel ramulos pauces breves terminanti vel inter folios superiores sessili: involucri squamis 2-3-seriatis, exterioribus tomentosis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis 1-1.5 cm. longis: floribusnumerosispurpureis: achseniis resinoso-papillosis. The stems are very leafy, especially above the middle, and the whole plant is white, with the more or less deciduous tomentum. Although this conspicuous plant grows in a region visited by many collectors, it does not seem to have been described. Col- lected at Esperanza, Puebla. No. 2632. Hymenatherum aurantiacum. Caules e radice lignosi, 15 cm. alti: foliis alternis pinnati-partitis, lobis 4-6 linearibus: capi- tulis pedunculos 1-1.5 cm. longos terminantibus: involucris tur- binatis 5 mm. altis, bracteis connatis 9-14 basi nudatis: ligulis 6 aureis 4 mm. longis: achseniis parce villosis: pappi paleis 8-10 bvato-lanceolatis achseniis brevioribus, apice in setas 3-5 inse- quales sectis, seta centrali multo longiori: receptaculo conico. Collected on Cerro de Santa Lucia, Puebla. No. 2532. Calea rupestris. Fruticosa fere glabra ramis fuscis striatis: foliis ovato-acuminatis basi cuneatis penniuerviis calloso-denticu- latis supra lucidis viridioribus, 4-6 cm. longis, 2-2.5 cm- latis: petiolis 5-15 mm. longis: capitulis 20-30, corymbosis ramos terminantibus, pedunculis 2-4 cm. longis, ligulis 7-10 flavis 4 mm. longis; disci floribus circa 25: involucri campanulati squamis 4-5-seriatis ovato-oblongis striatis obtusis exterioribus gradatim brevioribus: pedicellis 2-3 cm. longis parce pubescenti- bus bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis instructis: receptaculo conico: paleis oblongis obtusis: achseniis 3 mm. longis 5 angulatis: pappi squamis 7-10 lineari-lanceolatis interdum inaequalibus achseniis. brevioribus. VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 259 The plant has a tendency to blacken while drying. The pap- pus scales are often of unequal length, and the ribs of the akeries are ciliate. Collected at Boca del Monte and Bsperanza, Puebla. No. 2464. Encelia maculata. Frutescens, ramis striatis glabris fuscis: foliis oppositis deltoideo-lanceolatis in petiolum alatum abrupte attenuatis, irregulariter crenato-dentatis, 6-12 cm. longis, 3-5 cm. latis, supra scabris, subtus tenuiter pubescentibus; petiolis 2-3 cm. longis usque ad medium late marginatis ciliato-pubes- centibus: capitulis corymbosis, pedunculis aut ex axillis superi- oribus aut ramulos terminantibus: pedicellis 0.5-10 mm. longis albo-tomentosis: involucri squamis ovato-lanceolatis tomentosis: ligulis circiter 8 oblongo-lanceolatis 1 cm. longis: disci floribus numerosis; achseniis prsesertim ad margines longe villosis: paleis cum aristis 3-4 mm. longis, paleis intermediis 2-4 insequalibus laciniatis ovatis vel oblongis circiter 1 mm. longis: capitulo diametro 1-2 cm. The upper surface of the leaves finally becomes glabrous and has a spotted appearance, for the very short bristles are decidu- ous, leaving their disk-like bases. This species is nearly related to E. Privglei, but seems to be distinct. Collected at San Luis Tultitlanpa, Puebla. No. 2520. Verbesina Luisana. Fruticulus cortice cinereo ramis juniori- bus tomentosis: foliis oppositis ovato-acuminatis basi in petiolum anguste alatum attenuatis serratis, supra scabrido-hirsutis cum pilisbasi puslulatis, subtus tomentosis, 6-7 cm. longis, 2-2.5 cm» latis: petiolis 1 cm. longis, alis interdum subereis et decurrenti- bus: capitulis 4-6 circiter 1 cm. longis ramos terminantibus vel ex axillis superioribus pedunculis 2-4 cm. longis; pedicellis 6 mm. longis: involucri squamis exterioribus ovatis brevibus, in- terioribus oblongo-acuminatis angustis: ligulis circa 2 flavis par- vis; antheris fere atris: achseniis anguste alatis parce pubescenti- bus 4-5 mm. longis aristis validis longioribus; paleis flavis acu- minatis conduplicatis aristas superantibus. The narrowly winged petioles are sometimes indistinctly au- riculate at base and tend to become connate. Collected at San Luis Tultitlanpa, Puebla. No. 2523. April 20, 1908. 260 New Species of Mexican Plants. [ZOE Verbesina Purpusii. Acaulis herbacea, foliis radicalibus 4-8 ovatis vel obovatis obtusis sessilibus crenatis. basi attenuatis, adpresse pilosis, nervis venisque subtus prominentibus, 3-4 cm. longis, 1.5-2 cm. latis; scapis monocephalis 2-3 dm. altis: capiti- bus diametro 2.5 cm., ligulis flavis 1 cm. longis: involucri squamis lineari-lanceolatis pubescentibus: paleis acuminatis ver- sus ad apicem flavescentibus: achseniis 3.5 mm. longis late alatis basi angustatis; pappi aristiis nullis, una, vel duabus, altera hamata altera longiore recta 1.5 mm. longa. Collected at Boca del Monte, Puebla, growing in meadows. No. 2629. Viguiera similis. Suffruticosa, caulibus parce tomentosis, 1 m. altis; foliis oppositis, cordatis, longe-acuminatis, argute ser- ratis, utrinque tomentosis, subtus incanis, usque 12 cm. longis, 8 cm. latis; petiolis 1-2 cm. longis albo-tomentosis; capitulis paucis caules terminantibus; pedunculis 3-7 cm. longis; squamis involucri discum subsequantibus, 1—1.5 cm. longis, lanceolatis, incanis; ligulis 2-2.5 cm- longis, 5 mm. latis, acuminatis; achse- niis fere glabris, aristas deciduas 2 mm. longas gerentibus, squa- mellis intermediis ssepe deficientibus. This species is common about the summits of the high moun- tains of the Cape Region of Baja California. It is near V. tomen- tosa, and has been considered the same in notes concerning IyOwer California flora. Both species were in cultivation at San Diego, where V. tomentosa grew more luxuriantly than in the Cape Region. The proposed new species differs from its associ- ate in its virgate habit, larger, deeply serrate leaves, larger flow- ers, glabrous akenes and pappus. Many of the akenes are flat- tened, and when bearing only two awns resemble those of Encelia. V. tomentosa is an intricately branched shrub 5-10 ft. high, com- mon throughout lower elevations of the Cape Region. Perymenium angustifolium. Frutex cortice fusco-brunneis, ramulis juvenilibus adpresse strigosis: foliis oblongo-lanceolatis in petiolum brevem attenuatis, supra basim 3-nerviis, margine integris vel obtuso-serratis, supra scabro-strigosis, subtus pallidi- oribus hispidulo-hirsutis, 3-5 cm. longis, 5 mm. latis: capitulis 2-5 corymbosis; pedicellis filiformibus 1-2.5 cm- longis adpresse VOL. 5] New Species of Mexican Plants. 261 pubescentibus: involucri squamis 2-3-seriatis adpresse strigosis ciliatis, exterioribus ovatis, interioribus ovato-acuminatis apici- bus herbaceis disco superantibus: ligulis invol-ucro paullum longioribus; disci floribus circiter 8; paleis conduplicatis acu- minatisflavescentibus: achseniis disci atro-brunueiscrassiusculis: pappi aristis circiter 10 inaequalibus 2-3.5 mm- longis. From the description this species seems to be near P. chalaro- lepis. Collected on Cerro San I,uis, Puebla. No. 2518. Perymenium glandulosum. Frutex parvus ramis junioribus foliisque glandulosis: foliis ovato-lanceolatis basi cuneatis mar- gine revolutis, supra scabris, subtus scabro-hirsutis, 2-2.5 cm- longis, 6-9 mm. latis; petiolis 2 mm. longis: capitulis ramulos terminantibus vel ex axillis superioribus orientibus; pedicellis 1 cm. longis: involucri squamis circiter 2-3-seriatis scabris, exte- rioribus ovato-acuminatis 3-4 mm longis, interioribus longe acu- minatis 5-6 mm. longis apice patentibus: ligulis 5-6, 5 mm. longis, aureis; disci floribus circiter 20; paleis angustis achseniis fere duplo longioribus; pappi aristis circiter 10 insequalibus 1-3 mm. longis. The leaves, involucres and young branches are very glandular. Collected in Barranca de Tlacuilosto, Puebla. No. 2525. Perymenium ovatum. Frutex parvus ramulis pubescentibus: foliis late ovatis obtusis apiculatis serratis, supra parce pubescen- tibus rugosis, subtus pallidioribus pubescentibus, 1.5 cm. latis, 3 cm. longis; petiolis 5 mm: longis: capitulis paucis ramulos terminantibus vel in axillis superioribus solitariis, hemisphsericis diametro 1 cm. ligulis excludentibus: pedicellis 0.5-2.5 cm. longis: involucri squamis circiter 2-seriatis ciliatis, exterioribus pubescentibus ovatis 4-5 mm. longis, interioribus ovato-acumina- tis: ligulis circiter 10 oblongis 4 mm. latis, 13 mm. longis, aureis: disci floribus circiter 20: paleis conduplicatis anguste lanceolatis achseniis duplo longioribus: pappi aristis circiter 15 insequalibus 1-3 mm. longis: antheris fuscis. The branches are terminated by three heads, the pedicel of the central one being much the shortest and sometimes bracteate with two small leaves, so as to appear sessile. The solitary pedi- cels from the axils of the upper leaves are much longer than the 262 New Species of Mexican Plants. [zoe terminal ones. The characters of this plant are near some of those of the description of P. croceum. Collected in Barranca de Tlaquilosto, Puebla. No. 2527. Melampodium parvulum. Annuum caule erecto parce ra. moso superne oligophyllo, pubescenti: foliis ovatis obtusis, in petioluni alatum cuneatis, basi connatis et auriculatis, 3-4 cm. longis, 1.5-2 cm. latis, tenuis leviter pubescentibus penniveniis: capitulis paucis, pedunculis axillaribus 3-6 mm. longis; invo- lucri bracteis exterioribus 5 ovato-acuminatis basi connatis 4 mm. ' longis; ligulis 3-4, flavis 1 mm. longis auriculiformibus extus pubescentibus: squainis interioribus achsenia involventibus apice conico-acuminatis, margine irregulariter alatis vel tuberculatis: achaeniis levibus basi hamatis. The wings, tubercles and awns of the mature fruit are variable. The inflorescence of the dried specimens is hidden by the com- paratively large leaves, which resemble those of M. perfoliatum. Collected on Cerro Santa I^ucia, Puebla, growing in shaded soil. No. 2813. Barroetea glutinosa. Annua parum ramosa undique dense glandulosa 1-2 dm. alta: foliis (cum petiolos-io mm.longo) 2-3 cm. longis, alternis late ovatis acuminatis dentatis basi cordatis vel cuneatis, 1-1.2 cm. latis: capitulis 1 cm. altis; pedunculis 1-4 cm. longis: involucri bracteis lineari-oblongis striatis purpu- rascentibus 6 mm. lougis exterioribus brevioribus: styli ramis .superne ovato-dilatatis: achseniis compressis, uno latere 1- altero 1-2-nervato: pappi setis achaeniis brevioribus. This is a very distinct species, differing from the others of the genus in having alternate leaves and being glandular. The basal callus of the akene is not large, and the style branches of the young flowers are conspicuously enlarged so as to appear ovate. The corollas are campanulate rather than tubular. Col- lected on Cerros, near San Luis Tultitlanpa, Puebla. No. 2625. ERRATA Page 246, line I, for columnaris read columnaribus. Page 246, line 25, for pubescenti read pubescentes. Page 252, line 14, for ligulos read ligulas. - Page 252, line 19, for Microsteltnce read Microstelmaii. Page 258, line 18, for lignosi read lignosa. STUDIES ON CALIFORNIAN PLANTS. II.* BY H. M. HALL. Crypsis aculeata Ait. Alkali soil near Norman, Glen Co., May, 1898, /. Burti Davy; near Stockton, Oct. 2, 1907, Mrs, Brandegee, determined by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock. Mrs. Brande- gee reports it as very abundant over considerable areas, especially on low lands which had been overflowed. Mr. Davy's specimens are only 1 to 2 cm. broad and high; those gathered by Mrs. Brandegee are larger, a single plant often forming a dense mat 3 dm. or more in diameter. This large size is apparently attained only by summer and autumnal plants. Sisyrinchium Elmeri Greene. Along rivulets on the south slope of Sugarloaf Peak, San Bernardino Mts., in the Transition Zone, Hall, No. 7536. Larger than the type and with longer pedicels, thus approaching the form described as Hydastylus longipes Bicknell. Chlorogalum angustifolium Kell. In firm, red, clay soil, just east of Redding, Hall & Babcock, No. 4003. On a day when the thermometer registered 48°C, the flowers opened at sundown. Perianth segments oblong, obtuse, commonly tipped by a minute incurved mucro, which is a continuation of the single medial nerve; segments otherwise clear white and destitute of veins. Hastingsia alba Wats. Rather frequent in the northern Sierra Nevada and Coast Range Mts., extending northwest to Marble Mt., Siskiyou Co., Chandler, No. 1616, and northeast to Dead- horse Cafion, in the same county, M. S. Baker. It grows in sandy places along the Sacramento River, at about 450 m. alt., whence the following field notes: perianth truncate at base, slightly saccate by the two shallow depressions in the base of each segment; segments narrowed in the middle and keeled or folded around the flat filaments, the tips broader and somewhat concave above, white with greenish midnerve, glabrous. Trillium ovatum. Pursh. Head of the McGloud River, in Siskiyou Co., alt. 1500 m., Hall & Babcock, No. 4134. S alix glauca villosa Anders. At the lower edge of the Alpine Zone, Dollar Lake, San Bernardino Mts., alt. 2770 m. Forming *The first number under this title appeared in the Botanical Gazette, xxxi. 388 (1901). 264 Studies on Californtan Plants. [ZOK thickets 4 to 10 ft. high around the head of the lake, in some cases entirely covered by snow, save for the protruding stems, these with flower-buds on Aug. 5, 1906. Neighboring plants, not covered by snow, were in full leaf on the same date. Arenaria saxosa Gray. South Fork Meadows, alt. 2450 m., San Bernardino Mts., Halt, No. 7673. But one plant was found, a loosely branching specimen 3 dm. high, very much like the common form in New Mexico and Arizona. Sci/eranthus annuus I,. Occurs as an introduced plant in the Sierra Nevada foothills; along the railroad above Placerville, May, 1907, Mrs. Brandegee. Corydaus Caseana Gray. Vicinity of Morgan, northern Tehama Co. The plants vary in size from a few cm., when growing in exposed places, to 12 dm. in very moist soil shaded by pine trees. Flowers white, except for a rosy tinge to spur and anthers. Sisymbrium Cumingianum F. & M. Very common on San Jacinto Mt. Previously reported by myself as S. canescens, an- other widely distributed species plentiful at lower altitudes in Southern California. Spiraea Douglasii Hook. This Coast Range plant is plenti- ful along streams in Morgan Springs Valley in the Sierra Nevada of Tehama Co., Hall & Babcock, No. 4407, and also comes from Modoc Co., M. S. Baker. Aesculus Caufornica (Spach.) Nutt. This is to be added to the flora of Southern California, since it grows on the north slope of Tejon Pass, Los Angeles Co. It is plentiful near Fort Tejon, just over the line in Kern Co. Phaceua racemosa T. S. Brandegee, Zoe ii. 252 (1891). Nama racemosa Kell., Proc. Calif. Acad. v. 51 (1873). Phacelia namatoides Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. x. 317 (1875). In the original description Dr. Kellogg describes the second internode as ' 'enlarging • above, ancipitally expanded at the base of the leaves or compressed, and with the branches decurrent winged." This is an abnormality, as is plainly evident from a specimen, presumably of the type collection, preserved in the Brandegee Herbarium. VOL. 5] Studies on Californian Plants. 265 Phaceua humius T. & G. This species is described as being diffusely branched from the base and with the leaves all alternate. Specimens from Lassen Co., Baker & Nutting, are diffusely branched but have the lower leaves opposite. Specimens from Marlette Peak, Washoe Co., Nevada, Hall & Chandler, No. 4577» varY from the type form in being strict, nearly simple- stemmed, and in their opposite lower leaves. This form comes also from lessen Creek, Modoc Co., California, Mrs. Austin. But in all its forms P. humilis may be distinguished from P. race- mosa and P. Pringlei, the only other species with opposite leaves, by the hirsute pubescence, larger flowers, and exserted stamens. Briodictyon IyOBBii (Gray) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. i. 202 (1885). This species ranges farther north and east than has been generally supposed, and is to be expected in the arid Transi- tion Zone almost anywhere in the northern Sierra Nevada. It has been collected at the south base of Mt. Shasta, at Sardine Lake, Sierra Co., in the lava beds of Modoc Co., and in Nevada (Washoe Co.). The leaves are of two sorts, the lower arid the fascicled ones being dull green and glandular above, loosely tomentose beneath, strongly revolute, at times so much so as to seem almost cylindric, while the upper ones are white-tomentose on both sides, plane, and 4 to 12 mm. broad. Calamintha mimuloides Benth. Bear Canon, San Gabriel Mts., Los Angeles Co., June, 1897, J. H. Barber, No. 216, in the same district as Acton, where it has been collected by Dr. Hasse.* Herbaceous throughout, 5 dm. high: leaves 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long by 3 to 4 cm. broad, on petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long: longest pedi- cels 4 cm. long: calyx-tube 13 mm., the teeth 4 mm. long. Martynia proboscidea Glox. Occurs as a waif at Keene Station, Kern Co., Sept., 1904, T. D. Woolsey; also found at Palo Verde, Riverside Co., on lowlands near the Colorado River, 1905, Lou Wiley, but in fruit only, and determination, therefore, not certain. Erigeron compositus Pursh. Summit of Mt. San Gorgonio, June 26, 1904, Mrs. C. M. Wilder. The plants are low and com- pact, as in the var. discoideus, with which they grow; the rays evident but short and apparently pale. *Acc. to Miss Eastwood, Zoe iv. 287 (1893). 266 Studies on Californian Plants. [zoe Haplopappus acauws (Nutt) Gray. The achenes are com- monly described as " canescently villous" (Gray, Syri. Fl.), or as " silky-pubesceut" (Gray, Bot. Calif.), but there is consider- able variation in this character. Plants from Mt. Tallac {Hall & Chandler, No. 4612) exhibit two forms, the one with silky- pubescent achenes, the other with perfectly glabrous achenes, while in certain heads the achenes are glabrous, save for a few scattered hairs near the summit. The different forms grow together among rocks in the Hudsonian Zone. Pyramid Peak specimens {Hall & Chandler, No. 4734) have mostly glabrous achenes, but in a few cases the whole surface of the achene is covered with a villous pubescence, which approaches the silky character of the typical form. The following collections have only glabrous achenes: near Susanville, Calif., Brandegee; Washoe Co., Nevada, O. F. Heizer; Steins Mts., Ore., Cusick, No. 1966; Warner Mts., Ore., Mrs. C. C. Bruce, No. 2135. All of the Rocky Mt. collections at hand, as well as a majority of the Californian collections, exhibit only pubescent achenes. Seneciq TJRIangularis Hook. According to Prof. Greene, all of the Californian forms should be received into his S. trigono- phylhts. This species is supposed to have more finely serrate and shorter leaves, a more branched inflorescence and smaller heads than in typical S. triangulatis of the Rocky Mts. But the leaves are often more coarsely serrate than in many Rocky Mt. plants, and while generally shorter, they are sometimes of the largest, even 15 cm. long, exclusive of petiole. The inflorescence in the Rocky Mt. form is frequently compound, while in ours it is some- times simple; and the involucre measures 8 to 10 mm. high, as against 6 to 8 mm. in Californian plants. If there is a difference in leaf-texture, lam unable to detect it in dried specimens. But according to field observations, this character varies considerably in a given locality, being largely dependent upon degree of ex- posure. The form which Professor Greene probably had in hand while describing 5*. trigonophyllus is plentiful in the Lake Tahoe district, in shaded places, but since.it grades by all its characters into typical 5". triangularzs, which is also common in the Californian Sierra, it cannot be specifically separated, either on morphologic or geographic grounds. Rhagadiolus Hedypnois All. Collected on a vacant Jot in the southern part of Los Angeles, May 14, 1905, T. IV. Minthorn. This weed of the Mediterranean region bids fair to become com- mon in California, having been previously reported from such widely separated stations as Sonoma Co., Mariposa Co., and San Diego.