EX LIBRIS William Healev DalJ Division of Mollusks Sectional Library Division of DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES VOL. XXXI 1911 IN TWO PARTS-PART II GEORGE M. BOWERS COMMISSIONER of Sectioned library WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1913 A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WATERS OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY In Two Parts PART II Section III. A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FAUNA. By Francis B. Sumner, Raymond C. Osbum, and Leon J. Cole Section IV. A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FLORA. By Bradley M. Davis 545 CONTENTS. PART II. SECTION III. A CATALOGUE of THE MARINE FAUNA OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY 549 Phylum Protozoa 549 Class Rhizopoda 549 Subclass Amosbaa 549 Subclass Foraminifera 549 Class Actinopoda 552 Class Zoomastigophora 552 Subclass Lissoflagellata 552 Subclass Choanoflagellata 553 Class Phytomastigophora 553 Subclass Dinoflagellata 553 Class Ciliata 554 Class Suctoria 555 Class Sporozoa 556 Phylum Porifera 556 Phylum Coelenterata 559 Class Hydrozoa 559 Class Scyphozoa 575 Class Actinozoa 576 Class Ctenophora 579 Phylum Platyhelminthes 579 Class Turbellaria 579 Class Trematoda 582 Class Cestoda 385 Class Nemertinea 590 Phylum Nemathelminthes 592 Class Nematoda 592 Class Acanthocephala 594 Class Chaetognatha 595 Dinophilea 595 Phylum Molluscoida 595 Class Bryozoa 595 Bryozoa Entoprocta 595 Bryozoa Ectoprocta 596 Phylum Echinodermata 607 Class Asteroidea 607 Class Ophiuroidea , 609 Class Echinoidea 611 Class Holothuroidea ; . . . 613 547 548 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. SECTION III. A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FAUNA OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY Contd. page, Phylum Annulata 615 Class Chaetopoda 615 Subclass Polychseta 615 Subclass Oligochaeta 634 Class Hirudinea 635 Sipunculida 635 Phylum Arthropoda 636 Class Crustacea 636 Order Phyllopoda 636 Order Ostracoda 636 Order Copepoda (free-living) 638 Order Copepoda (parasitic) 640 Order Cirripedia 644 Order Amphipoda 647 Order Isopoda 657 Order Cumacea 661 Order Stomatopoda 662 Order Schizopoda 663 Order Decapoda 663 Class Insecta 675 Class Arachnida 676 Xiphosura 676 Pycnogonida 677 Phylum Mollusca 678 Class Pelecypoda 678 Class Amphineura 702 Class Gastropoda 703 Class Cephalopoda 727 Phylum Chordata 728 Class Adelochorda 728 Class Urochorda (Tunicata) 729 Class Marsipobranchii 734 Class Pisces 734 Class Reptilia 774 Class Aves 775 Class Mammalia 780 Bibliography for f aunal catalogue 782 SECTION IV. A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FLORA OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Introduction 795 Division Thallophyta 797 Subdivision Algae 797 Class Cyanophycese 797 Class Chlorophyceae 800 Class Phaeophyceae 804 Class Rhodophyceae 813 Distribution of Zostera marina in the deeper waters of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound . 831 Bibliography for floral catalogue 832 Index to systematic names 835 A BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE WATERS OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Section HI. A CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE FAUNA OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. By FRANCIS B. SUMNER, RAYMOND C. . OSBURN, and LEON J. COLE. Phylum PROTOZOA. Class RHIZOPODA. Subclass AMCEB^BA. Amoeba guttula Dujardin. Calkins, 1902, page 417. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, "frequent in decomposing vegetable matter." Amaha sp. undetermined. Calkins, 1902, page 417. Trichosphcerium sieboldi Schneider. Calkins, 1902, page 418. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, one specimen taken. Subclass FORAMINIFERA.6 Family GROMID/E. Gromia lagenoides Gruber. Calkins, 1902, page 419. "Not uncommon about Woods Hole, where it is found upon the branches of various types of algae. Family ASTRORHIZID^E. Astrorhiza limicola Sandahl. Cushman, 1908, page 22. Fish Hawk station 7683 (common); "again in a similar haul from a sandy or slightly muddy bottom in Vineyard Sound, one and one-half miles north of Menemsha Bight in 13 fathoms. Family LiTUOUM. Reophax dentaliniformis Brady. Cushman, 1908, page 23. Buzzards Bay at 1907 repetitions of Fish Hawk stations 7649, 7651, and 7&62(?); one speci men each. The bottom at the first station is recorded as "stony," at the second "mud and gravel." Haplophragmium canariense (d Orbigny). Cushman, 1908, page 23. Buzzards Bay at Phalarope station 79, near Nashawena Island, 5 ^ fathoms, mud; also en countered once at Fish Hawk station 7565 (1907 repetition ?). Family TROCHAMMOTD^E. Webbina hemispherica Jones, Parker, & Brady. Cushman, 1908, page 24. Dredged at several widely separated points in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay in 4 to 7 fathoms, on various bottoms. Fish Hawk station 7776 and Phalarope station 136; also 1907 repetitions of 7542 and 7612. Family MIUOLINID^E. Spiroloculina limbata d Orbigny. Cushman, 1908, page 24. A single specimen taken near Robinsons Hole, at Phalarope station 85. For the sources of the data included in this catalogue, and the system employed in its compilation, the reader is referred to section I, pp. 13-15, 80-83, and the discussions of the various groups in chapter IV. & The determinations of all Foraminifera from the Survey dredging were made by Dr. J. A. Cushman 549 55 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Biloculina ringen: (Lamarck). [Chart i.] Cushman, 1908, page 24. Western half of Vineyard Sound and adjacent points in Buzzards Bay, in 6 to 17 fathoms, on sandy or muddy bottoms; recorded once from near head of Buzzards Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7681 (few), 7686, 7710, 7725, 7727 (common), 7728 (common), 7729 (common), 7730, 7731, 7736. Repeated sta tions (1907): 7663 (2), 7728 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 81 (few), 85 (few), 151 (few). Biloculina ringens striatella Cushman. Cushman, 1908, page 25 (var. nov.) Often abundant "in the material scraped from the wharf piles." Biloculina elongata d Orbigny. Cushman, 1908, page 25. "Specimens of this species were found in con siderable numbers among hydroids and scrap ings from the piles of the dock at Woods Hole. Occasionally . . . met with in the dredgings." Biloculina tubulosa Costa. Cushman, 1908, page 25. Bay shore of Nashawena Island (3 stations); western end of Vineyard Sound (i station); 5 to 13 fathoms, sand and mud. Fish Hawk station 7710; Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 79 (few), 81 (few). Miliolina seminulum (Linnaeus). [Chart 2.] Cushman, 1908, page 25. Abundant and generally distributed in Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay abundant along the eastern shore line, and recorded from scattered stations in the deeper waters. Its apparent rarity at such points may be due, however, to the incompleteness of the search for Fora- minifera there. Dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms on bottoms of clear sand or mixtures of sand and mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7685, 7686, 7687, 7695, 7704 (common), 7706 (few), 7709, 7710, 7718, 7719 (few), 7722 (few), 7725 (common), 7726 (few), 7727 (common), 7728 (few), 7729, 7730, 773 1 - 7732 (few), 7734 (few), 7735 (few), 7748 (few), 7750 (common), 7755 (few), 7759 (few), 7761 (few), 7767 (few). Supplementary sta tions (1907): 7542 (few), 7628 (few), 7630 (few), 7639 (few), 7656 (few), 7663 (common), 7667 (few), 7669 (few), 7728 (common), 7731 (few), 7761 (common), 7780 (few). Miliolina seminulum Continued. Phalarope stations: 78 (very common), 79 (common), 80 (common), 81 (common), 82 (common), 84 (common), 85 (few), 91 (few), 93 (common), in (common), 113 (common), 125 (few), 132 (few), 134 (few), 138 (few), 145 (few), 147 (few), 149 (few), 151 (few). Miliolina oblonga (Montagu). [Chart 3.] Cushman, 1908, page 26. Vineyard Sound, chiefly at western end; in Buzzards Bay recorded almost entirely from the island shores. Dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand or sandy mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7685, 7686, 7687, 7688 (few), 7704 (common), 7710, 7731. Supple mentary stations (1907): 7667 (few), 7728, 7761 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (very common), 84 (i), 88 (common), 89 (common), 93 (few), 94 (few), 103, 104, 118 (few), 122 (few), 123 (few), 124 (few), 148 (few). Miliolina circularis (Bornemann). [Chart 4.] Cushman, 1908, page 26. " On the piles of the wharf at Woods Hole it ap pears in great numbers attached to the stems of hydroids. Dredged by the Survey at scat tered stations in Vineyard Sound and along the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay, in 3 to 13 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and gravel, at tached to hydroids and algas. Fish Hawk stations: 7709, 7727 (few), 7751 (few), 7759 (few). Phalarope stations: 83 (on eel grass), 85 (i), 87 (common), 103, in (few), 113 (common), 118, 130 (few), 138 (few), 146 (few). Miliolina boueana (d Orbigny). Cushman, 1908, page 26. Dredged by the Survey at five scattered stations in Vineyard Sound, in 6 to 13 fathoms, on sandy bottom. Also found "in the scrapings from the dock piles at Woods Hole. " Fish Hawk station 7681 (few). Supplementary stations (1907): 7525 (common), 7526 (com mon), 7542 (common), 7780 (few). Miliolina venusta (Karrer). Cushman, 1908, page 27. Dredged by the Survey at a few scattered stations in the western end of Vineyard Sound; re corded twice from Buzzards Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7720 (i), 7722 (2), 7724 (common), 7725 (common), 7727 (common), 7728 (common). Supplementary stations (1907): 7628 (few), 7761 (few). Phalarope station 113 (i). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 551 Miliolina bicornis (Walker & Jacob). Cushman, 1908, page 27. Dredged by the Survey at two stations (Fish Hawk 7710 and 7722) at the western end of Vineyard Sound; once near West Falmouth Harbor (Phalarope 134); in each case a few specimens. Family TEXTULARIIM. Verneuilina polystropha (Reuss). Cushman, 1908, page 27. A single specimen dredged in Vineyard Sound at a 1907 repetition of Fish Hawk station Family BULIMINID.E. Bolimna punctata d Orbigny. Cushman, 1908, page 28. "A number of specimens . . . were obtained from the surface of old shells of Mytilus cdulis attached to the outer piles of the U. S. Fisheries dock at Woods Hole. " Family POLYMORPHINID^. Polymor phi-no, lactea (Walker & Jacob). [Chart 5.] Cushman, 1908, page 28. Frequent at the western end of Vineyard Sound; recorded likewise from scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay, both in the adlit- toral zone and in deeper waters. Dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on bottoms of sand or mud. Fish Hawk stations : 7679, 7680 (few), 7681 (few), 7682 (few), 7704 (few), 7705 (few), 7724 (common), 7725 (common), 7726 (few), 7727 (few), 7728 (few), 7729. Supplementary sta tions (1907): 7612 (few), 7614 (few), 7620 (few), 7621 (few), 7628 (few), 7639 (few), 7649, 7651 (2), 7728 (several). Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 81 (few), 82 (few), 93 (i), 94 (few), 133 (few), 138, 142, 147 (few), 148 (few), 152 (few). Polymorphina concava (Williamson). Cushman, 1908, page 28. Upper half of Buzzards Bay, at Phalarope sta tions 133 and 148; in Vineyard Sound, at a 1907 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7525. Polymorphina rotundata (Bornemann). Cushman, 1908, page 29. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7728 (1907 repetition ?) ; Buzzards Bay at Phalarope station 146 (single specimen). Family ROTAUID^B. Paiellina corrugata Williamson. Cushman, 1908, page 29. "A single specimen . . . found in material scraped from the surface of a large shell of Mytilus edulis, taken from the outer piles of the dock at Woods Hole, July 19, 1905." Further search revealed no other specimens. Discorbina rosacea (d Orbigny). [Chart 6.] Cushman, 1908, page 30. Common and generally distributed, occurring on hydroids growing upon piles, etc., as well as on those upon the bottom in deeper waters. "Anything that is stationary in the water for any length of time is sure to have its share of the shells of this species. Recorded from a num ber of scattered stations in Vineyard Sound and along the shore line of Buzzards Bay in 3 to 13 fathoms; also at Crab Ledge in 16 to 19 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations : 7606 (abundant), 7607 (abundant), 7608 (abundant), 7680 (few), 7728, 7729. 7730, 7731. 7?6i (few). Phalarope stations: 8, 85 (few), 87 (i), 91 (few), 103, 118 (few). Discorbina sp. undetermined (perhaps the above). Found by Peck (1894) in food of menhaden. Truncalulina lobalula (Walker & Jacob). Calkins, 1902, page 420; Cushman, 1908, page 30. "Found frequently among the algae at Woods Hole. Calkins. Recorded from four of the survey dredging stations at the lower end of Buzzards Bay and the adjacent portion of the Sound, in 5 to 17 fathoms. Fish Hawk station 7685 ; Phalarope stations : 78 (common), 79 (common), 81 (common). Truncatulina rosea (d Orbigny). Cushman, 1908, page 30. "A single specimen . . . from material . . . scraped . . . from the piles of the dock at Woods Hole," July 19, 1905. Pulninulina kteralis (Terquem). [Chart 7.] Cushman, 1908, page 30. Dredged at numerous stations throughout the length of Vineyard Sound, at 4 to 13 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms; recorded also from the lower end of the Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7681 (common), 7704 (few), 7706 (few), 7710, 7719 (common), 7720 (few), 7722 (few), 7724 (few), 7727 (common), 7734 (few), 7735 (few), 7736, 7751, 7755 (few), 7759 .(few), 7767 (few). Supplementary stations: 7525 (common), 7592 (few), 7667 (few), 7731 (i worn), 7761 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (i), in (common). 552 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Pulmnulina tumida Brady. Cushman, 1908, page 31. "A few specimens, apparently belonging to this species, were obtained from scrapings from the dock at Woods Hole, " July 19, 1905. Rotalia beccarii (Linnsus). [Chart 8.] Cushman, 1908, page 31. "Probably the most abundant of the Foramini- fera of the region." Cushman. Abundant and apparently of pretty general distribution both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Dredged in 2 to to 19 fathoms, sand and mud. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7679 (common), 7680 (common), 7682 (few), 7685, 7686, 7687, 7688 (few), 7704 (common), 7707, 7709, 7710, 7719, 7722 (few), 7724 (common), 7725 (common), 7726 (common), 7727 (common), 7729 (com mon), 7730, 7731, 7734 (few), 7735 (few), 7736, 7751 (few), 7761 (common), 7767 (few). Sup plementary stations (1907): 7542 (common), 7565 (common), 7581 (few), 7592 (few), 7620 (few), 7630 (few), 7639 (few), 7643 (few), 7648 (few), 7649 (common), 7652 (few), 7656 (few), 7661 (common), 7662 (i), 7663 (abundant), 7667 (few), 7668, 7669 (few), 7728 (abundant), 7731 (few), 7761 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 79 (few) 80 (few), 82 (common), 84 (common), 85 (common), 91 (few), 93 (few), 94 (few), 103, in (common), 113 (common), 114 (common), 118 (few), 119 (few), 123 (few), 124 (few), 125 (few). FAMILY POLYSTOMELLID/B. Polystomella striatopunctala (Fichtel & Moll). [Chart 9.] Cushman, 1908, page 31. Recorded from numerous stations in the western end of Vineyard Sound and throughout the length of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, sand and mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7680 (common), 7681 (com mon), 7685, 7687, 7705 (few), 7706 (few), 7707 (common), 7710, 7719 (few), 7720 (common), 7725 (common), 7729 (common), 7731, 7734 (few), 7761 (common). Supplementary sta tions (1907): 7565 (common), 7612 (few), 7620 (few), 7621 (few), 7643 (common), 7648 (few), 7649 (common), 7651 (common), 7652 (few), 7654 (common), 7661 (common), 7662 (abundant), 7663 (common), 7667 (few), 7668 (few), 7669 (few), 7728 (common), 7731 (few). Phalarope stations: 78 (common), 80 (few), 84 (common), 85 (common), 87 (few), 93 (com mon), 94 (common), 130 (few), 138 (few), 143, 147 (few), 152 (few). Polystomella crispa (Linnaeus). Cushman, 1908, page 32. Recorded from a few stations in both Bay and Sound. Fish Hawk stations: 7680 (few), 7686 (few) , also 1907 repetitions of stations 7614, 7639, 7643 (common), and 7648. Phalarope station 93 (i). Class ACTINOPODA. Subclass HELIOZOA. Actinophrys sol Ehrenberg, variety. Calkins, 1902, page 420. Woods Hole, a single specimen (determined with doubt). Heterophrys myriapoda Archer. Calkins, 1902, page 421. Common among alga. This form was probably meant by Peck, 1895, when he figured a helio- Class ZOOMASTIGOPHORA. Subclass LISSOFLAGELLATA. Family RHIZOMASTIGHMJ. Mastigamaeba simplex Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 422 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, in decaying algae; seen several times. Family CODONCECID^E. Codomxca gracilis Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 423 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family HETEROMONADID^E. Monas sp. undetermined. Calkins, 1902, page 423. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, attached by a thread of protoplasm to alga; only one specimen found. Family BODONHXE. Bodo globosus Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 425. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 553 Bodo caudatas (Dujardin). Calkins, 1902, page 425. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. This species was seen by Peck, 1905, and described as a small flagellate." Oxyrrhis marina Dujardin. Calkins, 1902, page 425. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family ASTASIID^. Astasia contorta Dujardin. Calkins, 1902, page 426. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, "common in decaying algae." Family PERANEMID/E. Anisonema vitrea (Dujardin). Calkins, 1902, page 426. "Quite common in decaying algae at Woods Hole." (Assigned to no family.) Dislephamis speculum Stohr. Calkins, 1902, page 427. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, a single specimen taken in tow in the evening. Subclass CHOANOFLAGELLATA. Monosiga ovata Kent. Calkins, 1902, page 424. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. This species inhabits both fresh and salt water. Monosiga fusiformis Kent. Calkins, 1902, page 424. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. This species inhabits both fresh and salt water. Codonosiga botrytis Clark. Calkins, 1902, page 424. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, on red algae; a few individuals (no colonies). Class PHYTOMAST1GOPHORA. Subclass DINOFLAGELLATA. Family PROROCENTRID^E. Exuiiicella lima (Ehrenberg). Calkins, 1902, page 428. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Exuvi<zlla marina Cienkowsky. Calkins, 1902, page 429. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Exu-vicElla sp. undetermined. Peck, 1896. Buzzards Bay in plankton. Family PERIDINHD/E. Gymnodinium gracile spherica Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 429. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. Glenodinium compressa Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 430 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, not uncommon. Glenodinium cinctum Ehrenberg. Peck, 1894; Calkins, 1902, page 430. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Calkins. Peck figures a "Glenodinium sp.," which he refers to as being abundant in the food of the menhaden. Dr. Calkins concludes from Peck s figure that G. cinctum was the form observed. Peridinium digilale Pouchet. Peck, 1896 (figured by Peck as "P. divergent," Dr. Calkins states); Calkins, 1902, page 431. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. Cal kins. Peridium divergens Ehrenberg. Peck, 1896; Calkins, 1902, page 431. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. Cal kins. Peck listed and figured "Peridinium divergens" from plankton of Buzzards Bay, but Dr. Calkins believes that Peck really re ferred to P. digilale. Peridinium sp. sp. Peck, 1894 and 1896, refers to " Peridiniu infurca " and to various undetermined members of this genus as constituting an important constituent of the food of the menhaden. Ceratium j "usus (Ehrenberg). Peck, 1894 and 1896; Calkins, 1902, page 432. Buzzards Bay; abundant in plankton and a fre quent constituent of food of menhaden. Peck. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common in tow and in algae. Calkins. Ceratium tripos (Miiller). Peck, 1894; Calkins, 1902, page 432. Found in food of menhaden. Peck. U. S. Bu reau of Fisheries pier, common in tow and in algae. Calkins. 554 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family DINOPHYSID^. Amphidinium operculatum Claparede & Lach- mann. Calkins, 1902, page 432. "Very common about Woods Hole." Dinoptiysis sp. Peck, 1894 and 1896. Buzzards Bay in plankton; a common constit uent of the food of the menhaden. Class CILIATA. Family Lacrymaria lagenula Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 433. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, in decaying algae. Lacrymaria coronata Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 434. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Trachelocerca phcenicopterus Cohn. Calkins, 1902, page 435. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Mesodinium cinctum Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 436 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, not uncommon. Mesodinium sp. Peck, 1896; Calkins, 1902, page 458. Peck so records one species, but Calkins, from Peck s own figures, concludes that this was Aspidisca hexeris. Tiarina fusus (Claparede & Lachmann). Calkins, 1902, page 437. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family TRACHEUNIM. Loxophyllum setigerum Quennerstedt. Calkins 1902, page 438 (Loxophyllum setigerum, var. armatum). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier Lionotus fasciola (Ehrenberg). Calkins, 1902, page 438. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family CHLAMYDODONTID^. Nassula notata Miiller. Calkins, 1902, page 440 (Nassula microstoma). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Chilodon cucullulus (Muller). Calkins, 1902, page 441. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, rare. Chilodon sp. Peck, 1896. Dysteria lanceolata Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 441 ., U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family Frontonia leucas Ehrenberg. Calkins, 1902, page 442. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Colpidium colpoda (Ehrenberg). Calkins, 1982, page 443. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common. This form is regarded by Dr. Calkins as specifically the same as that found in fresh water. Uronema marina Dujardin. Calkins, 1902, page 444. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, "common in decomposing algae." Family PLEURONEMID^. Pleuronema chrysalis (Ehrenberg). Calkins, 1902, page 444. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, not very common. Occurs both in fresh and salt water. Pleuronema setigera Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 445 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, "in decaying algee." Lembus elongatus Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 446 (Lembus infusonium). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, "common in old infusions of alga?, especially after decomposi tion is well advanced." Lembus pusillus Quennerstedt. Calkins, 1902, page 446. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. "Habitat similar to that of L. infusionum, in zoogloea masses." Family OPALINID^E. Anoplophrya branchiarum Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 447. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, one specimen "found free swimming among some algae." The species is "parasitic in the digestive tract of various annelids." Family BURSARID^. Condylostoma patens (Muller). Calkins, 1902, page 449. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, very common. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 555 Family STENTORID/E. Strombidium caudatum Fromentel. Calkins, 1902, page 450. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common in de caying vegetable matter. Family TINTINNID/E. Tintinnus sp. undetermined. A species which was referred to this genus was found by Peck (1894) to be abundant in the plankton and in the food of the menhaden. Tintinnopsis beroidea plagiostoma Daday. Calkins, 1902, page 451. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Tintinnopsis beroidea compressa Daday. Calkins, 1902, page 451. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Tintinnopsis davidoffi Daday. Calkins, 1902, page 451. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Codonellasp. undetermined. Peck, 1894 and 1896. Buzzards Bay in plankton; abundant in food of menhaden. Family PERITROMID/E. Peritromus emmm Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 452. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family OXYTRICHIMS. Epiclintes retractilis Claparede & Lachmann. Calkins, 1902, page 453 (Epiclintes radiosa). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Amphisia kesslfri (Wrzesniowski). Calkins, 1902, page 454. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family EUPLOTID/E. Euplotes charon Ehrenberg. Calkins, 1902, page 455. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Occurs in both fresh and salt water. Euplotes harpa Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 455. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Diophrys appendiculatus (Stein). Calkins, 1902, page 456. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Uronychia transfuga Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 457 (Uronychia setigera). " Very common in the Woods Hole waters." Aspidisca hexeris Quennerstedt. Peck, 1895. Calkins, 1902, page 458. "Incorrectly mentioned as Mesodinium sp. by Peck." U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Aspidisca polystyla Stein. Calkins, 1902, page 458. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family LlCHNOPHORiD<. Lichnophora auerbachii Cohn. Calkins, 1902, page 459 (Lichnophora macfar- landi). Woods Hole, "on the egg capsules of Crepidula plana; also re ported upon annelids." Family VORTICELUD^E. Vorticella patellina Miiller. Calkins, 1902, page 461. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Vorticella marina Greeff. Calkins, 1902, page 461. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, common, grow ing "in small social groups." Zoothamnium elegans D Udekem. Calkins, 1902, page 461. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Cothurnia ingenita Miiller. Calkins, 1902, page 462 (Cothurnia crystallina). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Inhabits both fresh and salt water. Cothurnia imberbis curvula Entz. Calkins, 1902, page 462. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, on red algae. Inhabits both fresh and salt water. Cothurnia innata Muller. Calkins, 1902, page 463 (Cothurnia nodosa). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Dr. Calkins believes that C. longipes Kellicott, described from Woods Hole, is only a long-stemmed va riety of this species. Class SUCTORIA. Family PODOPHRYID/E. Podophrya gracilis Calkins. Calkins, 1902, page 463 (sp. nov.). U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier, "only one speci men seen. Ephelota coronata Wright. Calkins, 1902, page 464. " One of the commonest of the Suctoria found at Woods Hole. It is usually present on Campa- nularian hydroids, but may be found on algae and Bryozoa." 556 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Acineta divisa Fraipont. Calkins, 1902, p. 465. "Common on Bryozoa at Woods Hole." Acineta tuberosa Ehrenberg. Calkins, 1902, page 465. U. S. Bureau of Fisheries pier. Family DENDROSOMID^. Trichophrya salparum Entz. Calkins, 1902, page 466. Woods Hole. "This species was found by Dr. G. Hunter on the branchial bars of the Ascidian Molgula manhattensis , where great numbers of them are often parasitic." Class SPOROZOA. Family POLYCYSTID^. Gregarina gigantea Van Beneden. Herrick, 1895, page 122. Host, the lobster. Not specifically recorded for this region . Family MYXOBOLID.E. My.tobolus lintoni Gurley. Linton, 1891; 1900, page 277; 1901, p. 442. Gur ley, 1893, page 414 (sp. nov.); 1894, page 238. Host, Cyprinodon variegatus, upon which it occasionally gives rise to wartlike excres cences. Linton, Gurley. Sporozoa undetermined. Dr. Linton (MS. notes) records undetermined monocystid gregarines from the spiral valve of the mackerel shark (Isurus dekayi), and un determined Myxosporidia from the eel (An- guilla chrysypa), the menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), the squeteague (Cynoscion regalis), the halibut (Hippoglossus jiippoglossus), the silverside (Menidia menidia notata), the smelt (Osmerus mordax), and the mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Mr. C. W. Hahn and others have likewise found Myxosporidia in local fishes of a number of species, but the results of their work are not yet available . Phylum PORIFERA." Family ASCONID.^. Ascortis fragilis Haeckel. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 741. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound, at two stations* (Fish Hawk 7720 and Phalarope 32); 5 to 13 fathoms. Leucosolenia sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 74 r > 39 1 (Leucosoknia botryoides"!). Verrill doubtfully identified a species found in this region and said to be very common on piles. Specimens which were provisionally assigned to this genus by the collectors were taken at several dredging stations. Family SYCONID^E. ? Grantia ciliata (Fabricius) [Chart 10.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 740,330, etc. ("Prob ably the same as the Grantia ciliata of Europe.") "Vineyard Sound, not uncommon." Verrill. Vineyard Sound, particularly at the eastern and western extremities ; scattered sta tions along the eastern shore of Buzzards Grantia ciliata Continued. Bay and near its mouth; dredged in i to 19 fathoms on non-muddy bottoms. Survey. Grantia is found most abundantly, however, on the piles of piers, in which situations it is common in Woods Hole Harbor and is doubt less of very general distribution throughout the region. Fish Hawk stations: 6 7531 bis (few), 7610, 7630 (i), 7666 (few clusters), 7670 (few), 7672, 7676 (on an alga), 7689 (few), 7703 (few), 7732 (several), 7742 (several), 7743 (several), 7746 (few), 7749 (many), 7750 (very many), 7752 (few), 7755 (few), 7758 (few), 7769 (i), 7772 ( T )> 7773 (several). Supplementary station (1909): 7671. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 i (many), 8 (many), 22 (several), 24 (few), 32 (sev eral), 33 (few), 34 (common), 36 (few), 37 (few), 44 (many), 45 (many), 46, 47 (fewsmall), 49 (few), 51 (several), 56 (few), 57 (few), 58 (common), 6o(several), 62 (i), 63 (few), 116,121 (few), 130 (few), 145 (few). Supplementary stations (1909): 83,131. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were referred to Dr. J. A. Cushman for identification. b Identified in most cases without careful inspection, it being assumed that only one species of Grantia occurs locally. It is not wholly certain, however, to what species these specimens are to be referred, or even whether they are all of the same species. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 557 Family CLIONID/E. Cliona celata Grant. [Chart n.] Desor, 1848, p. 68 (Spongia sulphurea). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 744, 421, etc. (Cliona sulphured}. Abundant and of pretty general distribution throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 19 fath oms, on every sort of bottom. Sometimes taken in sufficient quantity to fill the dredge. Regarding the life history of this species Ver rill writes: "The sponge commences as a bor ing species, on various dead shells, and as it grows it penetrates the shells in every direc tion, forming irregular holes and galleries, which continue to grow larger as more of the substance of the shell is absorbed, until the shells are reduced to a completely honey combed, brittle mass, or a mere skeleton; finally the sponge begins to protrude from the surface." Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (abundant), 7522 bis (many masses), 7523 bis (few masses), 7524 bis (few pieces), 7525 (very abundant), 7526 (great masses), 7527 (few), 7528 (few), 7529 (few), 7530 (few), 7530 bis (little), 7531 bis (many), 7532 (abundant), 7532 bis (few), 7533 (small piece), 7533 bis (few masses), 7534 bis (i small piece), 7535 bis (several masses), 7536 (several masses), 7536 bis (several masses), 7537 (many masses), 7537 bis (several masses), 7538 bis (very much), 7539 (several masses), 7540 (few pieces), 7541 (many), 7541 bis (little), 7542 bis (little), 7544 (few masses), 7544 bis (small fragments), 7547 (dredge full), 7547 bis (2 masses), 7548 (many), 7550 bis (much), 7553 (few. large pieces), 7554 bis (few), 7558 (many pieces), 7560 (several pieces), 7561 (few masses), 7565 bis (consid erable), 7570 (few pieces), 7572 (much), 7587 (several large pieces), 7594 (many masses), 7595 (few pieces), 7610 (i mass), 7612 (i small), 7613 (many large masses), 7614 (few small), 7615 (many masses), 7616 (veryyoung, on Venus shell), 7618 (2 large), 7619 (several masses), 7620 (abundant), 7624 (few colonies), 7625 (few masses), 7627 (few small), 7628 (young, on shell of Crepidula fornicata), 7629 (few masses), 7630 (few small masses), 7631 (several masses), 7632 (few masses), 7633 (few masses), 7634 (few masses), 7635 (few masses), 7639 (several large masses), 7640 (i small mass), 7645 (several masses), 7646 (few small colonies), 7648 (several colonies), 7659 (few masses), 7660 (few masses), 7666 (few masses) Cliona celata Continued. 7670 (much), 7671 (many masses), 7672 (few masses), 7675 (several large colonies), 7689 (few small masses), 7690 (several large masses), 7692 (several large masses), 7693 (i), 7706 (i mass), 7720 (i mass), 7721, 7730 (much), 7732 (little), 7738 (very much), 7742 (few small pieces), 7743 (several large pieces), 7745 (much), 7746 (very little), 7747 (very little) , 7748 (little), 7749 (little), 7750 (little), 7751 (little), 7754 (much), 7755 (little), 7757 (i large mass), 7758 (very much), 7759 (little), 7763 (i mass), 7768 (little), 7770 (little), 7772 (little), 7775 (little), 7781 (in Busycon shell), 7782 (several masses). Supplementary sta tions (1909): 7624, 7627, 7629, 7634, 7643,7645, 7648, 7653, 7659, 7660, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (several small masses), 2 (many), 3 (abundant), 5 (few masses), 7 (abundant), 8 (i piece), 9 (many pieces), 10 (abundant), n (very abundant), 12 (very abundant), 13 (abundant), 14 (little), 15 (abundant), 16 (few), 20 (few), 24 (few), 27 (2), 28 (2 masses), 30 (i mass), 32 (small mass), 36 (several large masses), 37 (small masses), 44 (very small pieces), 53 (i mass), 60 (i), 62 (i mass), 63 (abundant), 65 (man} masses), 66 (several), 69 (few masses), 74 (many), 77 many), So (several bunches), 81 (several masses), 82 (few), 83 (2 pieces), 85, 95, 100 (much), 108, 109, 113, 114 (many), 115 (much), 117 (common), 122 (few), 124 (few), 128 (i piece), 131 (rocks covered), 134 (common), 137 (masses), 138 (several masses), 140 (many), 141 (common), 144 (few), 145 (several), 146 (common), 147 (common), 148 (common), 149 (common), 150 (i mass), 152 (i), 155 (young). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Family POLYMASTHD.B. Polymastia robusta Bowerbank. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 744, 497 (identified with doubt). "Off Gay Head, 18 to 20 fathoms," rocky bot tom. Verrill. Dredged by the Survey at the western end of Vineyard Sound and the lower end of Buzzards Bay, in 7 to 12 fathoms, on bottoms of gravel and stones (4 stations); at Crab Ledge (5 stations). Fish Hawk stations : 7595 (several large masses) , 7603 (several pieces)*, 7604 (i small piece), 7605 (i small piece), 7606 (several pieces), 7607 (several pieces) ; also at a 1907 repetition of station 7722, and at 1909 repetitions of stations 7660 and 7670. 558 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Suberites compacta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 744, 503 (sp. hov.). "Off Marthas Vineyard, 10 fathoms, sandy; Nantucket"; also on beach at Edgartown. Verrill. Large dried masses of this sponge found in abundance upon the beach at the south shore of Nantucket. Sunmer. Family TETHYID^E. Tethya gravida Hyatt. Hyatt, 1877, p. 34, footnote (sp. nov.); 1878, p. 1668, fig. only (here spelled "Tethya gra- uata"). Buzzards Bay. Hyatt. Dredged by the Survey at seven stations in the vicinity of North Fal- mouth; 3 to 6 fathoms, on various bottoms. Reported by Mr. Gray from Bird Island Light, a point not far distant from the Survey stations where Tethya was taken. Phalarope stations : 141 (several), 143 (i small), 144 (i), 146 (several), 147 (i), 148 (several). Also at 1909 repetitions of Fish Hawk station 7634 and Phalarope station 146. Family HoMORRHAPmD^E. Halichondria panicea (Pallas). Verrill, 1873, p. 743, 498 (referred to in one place as " Tedania"). Off Gay Head. Verrill. "One of the most abundant species of this [Woods Hole?] region [which] forms very irregularly shaped, uneven, pale yellow masses, attached to the stems and . frondsof Phyllophora and othersmall algae, and often, as it grows larger, spreading over, entirely covering and destroying the algse. " Speci mens assigned to this species by Dr. Cushman were dredged at Crab Ledge and at the western end of Vineyard Sound; 6 to 25 fathoms, on gravelly and sandy bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7582 (i large mass), 7589 (i large piece), 7591 (2 small clumps attached to algte), 7605, 7606, 7607, 7608 (large mass), 7609 (several pieces), 7722. Phalarope stations*: 34, 63. Halichondria caduca Bowerbank. Specimens thus identified by Dr. Cushman were taken at Phalarope stations 24 (Vineyard Sound), and 112, 123, 130, and 137 (Buzzards Bay). Halichondria sp. sp. Verrill, 1873, p. 743, 334, lists several unde termined species of this genus, two of which ("species b" and "species c") were taken within this region. Specimens of whose specific identity we can not be certain were taken in Vineyard Sound at Phalarope and Blue Wing stations 25, 32, 33, 36, 45, 46, 49, 5 1 56* 57: 5 8 > 60, and 64; and in Buzzards Bay at Fish Hawk station 7639. ? Reniera sp. sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 743> 334- Two undetermined species, "a" and "b," are listed by Verrill from Vineyard Sound, i (3) to 10 fathoms. Chalina arbuscula Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 742, 391 (sp. nov.). "Vineyard Sound, i to 8 fathoms", very com mon. Verrill. Chalina oculala (Pallas). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 742, 409, etc. "Off Gay Head, 4 to 15 fathoms", "in the out side cold waters." Verrill. Chalina sp. undet. [Chart 12.] Dr. Cushman believes that a confusion exists in Verrill s descriptions of the two foregoing species. It is therefore necessary to enter as undetermined all the Chalinas taken during the Survey dredging. Members of the genus are recorded from scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound and at the lower end of Buz zards Bay, in 6 to 17 fathoms, on various bot toms. Dried specimens, often of large size, are to be found in abundance upon the beach at Cuttyhunk Island and elsewhere. Mr. Gray has collected living specimens of what have commonly been regarded as Chalina arbuscula at Nobska Point and on Red Ledge, in Woods Hole Harbor. They are likewise known to occur on the Bureau of Fisheries pier at Woods Hole. Specimens from the following points were origi nally identified by Dr. Cushman as C. arbuscula: Fish Hawk stations 7550 bis (several large), 7666 (i colony), 7670 (i colony), 7671, 7674 (i mass), 7675 (i large colony); Phalarope station ii (several colonies). Specimens from the following points were originally identified as C. oculata: Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis, 7533 bis (2), 7S3 6 bis (i), 7593 (i cluster), 7702 (i clump), 7728; Phalarope stations: n, 78 (i piece), 81 (i piece). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 559 Family DESMACIDONIOB. Esperella modesta Lambe. A specimen thus identified by Dr. Cushman was taken in Buzzards Bay, near Cuttyhunk, at Fish Hawk station 7671 (9 fathoms, stones and muddy sand). ? Esperella fibrexilis Wilson. Wilson (1891, p. 511) refers to "Esperella fibrexilis (n. sp.)" as "abundant near Woods Hole, Mass.," but no description is offered nor cited and the authors are not aware that any such has been published. Esperella sp. undet. A sponge referred to this genus by Dr. Cushman was found in some numbers by Dr. Osburn on the New York Yacht Club pier at Vineyard Haven July 31, 1906. It was much excavated by a tube-dwelling amphipod. Desmacidon palmata (Johnston). Crab Ledge, at 6 stations; extreme western end of Vineyard Sound: i station. Dredged in n to 20 fathoms, sand, gravel, and stones. Some of these were large specimens and they were of a dark-red color when fresh. Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (many)*, 7604 (i small piece), 7605 (several), 7606 (many), 7607 (many), 7608 (few pieces), 7721*. ?Isodictya sp. Verrill (1873, p. 742) thus lists a sponge washed ashore after storms in winter at Nantucket, Vineyard Sound, and elsewhere. It is said by him to resemble "Isodictya palmata Bower- bank," i. e., the Desmacidon palmata listed above. Myxilla sp. Specimens referred to this genus by Dr. Cushman were dredged along the western shore of Buz zards Bay (Phalarope stations 137, 141), in 4 fathoms, sand and gravel. Microciona prolifera (Ellis & Solander.) [Chart 13.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 741, 409, etc. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, particularly in the upper half of the lat ter, and at the mouth of Wareham River, where large colonies thrive; dredged in 2 to 13 fath oms, on all sorts of bottoms. Survey. Regard ing the life history of this sponge Verrill writes: "This species, when young, forms broad, thin, bright red incrustations over the surfaces of stones and shells . . . at a later period, rises up into irregular lobes and tubercular prominences, which eventually become elongated and subdivided into slender branches . . . " Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (incrusting rock)*, 7543 (incrusting broken Echinarachnius)* , 7619 ( ?), 7620 ( ?), 7629 ( ? several large masses), 7631 (?) 733 ( ? )> 7648 (? few masses, incrusting), 7663 ( ?), 7680*, 7731*, 7734*, 7736*, 7768*. 7777. 7780, 7781 (incrusting Busycon shell), 7783. Supplementary stations (1909): 7648, 7653, 7659, 7671, 7672. Phalarope stations: 60 (?), 136 (few colonies) , 138 (many), 142 (i colony)*, 149*, 151 (dead), 155 (on several shells)*, 156*, 158 (many, large and branched)*, 159(1 mass), 163 (several colonies, one on the back of Libinia), 165 (few), 167 (abundant on shells). Supplementary stations (1909): 79, 165. Sponges undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (abundant; gray, incrusting), 7524 bis, 7525 bis, 7526 (3), 7530 bis, 7603 (i piece, several inches long), 7605 (i piece), 7606 (i, in appearance like Grantia), 7616, 7630, 7653> 769 7783 Phalarope stations: 56, 74, 130, 137, 141, 145 (common), 158 (large brown mass). Phylum COELENTERATA." Class HYDROZOA. Family CLAVID.B. Clatia leptostyla Agassis. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 328, etc.; Bum- pus, 1898, p. 487; Bumpus, iSgSb, p. 857; Hargitt, 1901, p. 305; Nutting, 1901, p. 327. Woods Hole, on piles of Bureau of Fisheries pier; also from rockweed in "the Hole." Bumpus. Woods Hole , Hadley Harbor, etc . Hargitt. "Rocks near the Hole." Nutting. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were i nated by the dagger (t) were identified by Prof. C. C. Nutting 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 2 Clava leptostyla Continued. By Verrill not specifically recorded for this region, but said to grow "in clusters on the fronds of Fttcus at low-water mark, on the most exposed shores." Not encountered in the Survey dredging. "Breeding hydroids" recorded by Bumpus in March. Reproduces in spring or early sum mer. Hargitt, MS. notes. dentined by Prof. C. W. Hargitt. Specimens irom points desig- BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Cordylophom lacustris Allman. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734 (Cordylophora, species undetermined); Nutting, 1901, p. 327; Hargitt, 1908, p. 99. "Found in a fresh- water pond near the [Nobska] bathing beach by A. D. Morrill." Nutting. Taken by Hargitt "in several similar ponds in the region and near Falmouth, and in fresh or brackish ponds on Marthas Vineyard." Collected by Dr. Congdon at Tashmoo Pond, Great Pond, and Weweantic River, and by Mr. Edwards at Fresh Pond (Falmouth) and Oyster Pond. "The reproductive season seems to be chiefly in spring or early summer, and sparingly in July. Colonies have been found later, Sep tember or October, but with no signs of gono- phores. Hargitt. Family CORYNID^. Syncoryne mirabilis Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735 (Coryne mirab- il is); Fewkes, 1881, p. 141 (Sarsia mirabilis); Bumpus, 1898, p. 487 (Coryne); Mead, 1898, p. 704 (Coryne); Nutting, 1901, p. 328, 372; Hargitt, 19023, p. 552; 1904, p. 30; Mayer, 1910, p. 53 (Sarsia tubulosa, var. mirabilis). "Marthas Vineyard to Greenland." Verrill. Hydroids on Bureau of Fisheries pier, at Woods Hole. Bumpus, Mead. Waquoit. Edwards, cited by Nutting. Rocks in Woods Hole Passage. G. M. Gray. Medusa? re ported locally by various observers. "Breeding hydroids" in March. Bumpus. In April (1898), according to Mead, the hydroids "occurred in colonies that could be measured by the square yard;" these disin tegrated later. Dr. A. G. Mayer found the medusa to be common in Woods Hole Harbor on March 4 (1908); while Dr. Mead and Mr. G. T. Hargitt report its occurrence during April. According to Mr. Edwards s towing records it is commonest during April and May, though taken occasionally in other months. The seasonal range is stated by Dr. C. W. Hargitt as extending from February to May. Syncoryne producta Hargitt. Hargitt, 19023, p. 550 (Coryne producta, sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1904, p. 30; Mayer, 1910, p. 63 (Sarsia hargitti). Woods Hole: A single medusa taken in tow, August 10, 1901. ?Corynitis agassizii McCrady. Bumpus, iSgSb, p. 857; Murbach, 1898, p. 354; Nutting, 1901, p. 329, 372; Hargitt, 1904, p. 42; 1908, p. 100; Mayer, 1910, p. 72. Murbach reported the occurrence of "Corynitis agassizii" upon floating sargassum from Vine yard Sound. Hargitt has shown, however, that these observations refer to an entirely different species, Gemmaria gemmosa McCrady, which Murbach endeavored to identify with Corynitis agassizii. Dr. Hargitt knows of no authentic records of the occurrence of the latter species at or near Woods Hole. The reader is referred to the conflicting statements of Hargitt, Murbach, and Mayer in the papers cited. Family CLADOCORYNID^E. Cladocoryne floccosa sargassensis Hargitt. Hargitt, 1909, p. 369 (var. nov.). A form thus designated by Dr. Hargitt was taken on floating sargassum in Vineyard Sound during the summer of 1907. Family Dipurena strangulata McCrady. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 341 (Dipurena conica); A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 181 (Dipurena conica); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735, 455 (Dipu rena conica); Fewkes, 1881, p. 155 (Dipurena strangulata); Nutting, 1901, p. 373 (Dipurena conica); Hargitt, igoib, p. 578 (Dipurena conica); 19023, p. 554 (Dipurena conica and D. strangulata); 1904, p. 30 (D. strangulata, p. 31 (D. conica); Mayer, 1910, p. 76 (Slabberia strangulata). Buzzards Bay, at Naushon Island, in July. A. Agassiz. Newport. Fewkes. Woods Hole and vicinity, in midsummer, common. Hargitt. J. P. McMurrich (in Marine Biological Labora tory card catalogue) records having obtained ova on August 7 (1893). Of the "Dipurena conica" of A. Agassiz, Hargitt writes: "It seems altogether probable . . . that we have here simply a varietal form, which would hardly justify specific separation, and should probably be included under the above species." BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. ? Dipurella clavata Hargitt. Hargitt, 1902, p. 19 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1904, p. 31; Mayer, 1910, p. 76 (Slabberia strangulata, immature). A single specimen taken in Great Harbor, August 1 6, 1902. Ectopleura ochracea Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 343; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 191 ; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735, 455; Fewkes, 1882, p. 295; Nutting, 1901, p. 373; Hargitt, 19023, p. 554; Hargitt, 1904, p. 32; Mayer, 1910, p. 69 (Ectopleura dumortieri). Buzzards Bay, at Naushon Island. A. Agassiz. Newport; Woods Hole. Nutting. Woods Hole and vicinity, "taken mostly in the evening tow." Hargitt. A common species locally, occurring from June to September. Ectopleura prolifica Hargitt. Hargitt, 1908, p. 106 (sp. nov.). Described by Hargitt from a specimen found upon a small spider crab, dredged off Gay Head, July 15, 1907. Taken several times during summer of 1908, and in considerable numbers, both in Vineyard Sound and on the piles of the Bureau of Fisheries pier at Woods Hole. Hydrichthys mirus Fewkes. Fewkes, 1888, p. 224 (sp. nov.); Nutting, 1901, p. 374; Hargitt, 1904, p. 32; Mayer, 1910, p. 67. A large cluster found growing upon the side of a pilot-fish (Seriola zonata) taken at Newport in August, 1887; not observed at any other time. Fewkes thought it likely that this hydroid was a parasite. Thousands of me dusae were liberated while the animals were under observation. Family PENNARIID^E. Pennaria tiarclla McCrady. [Chart 14.] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 187; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735, 327; Bumpus, iSgSb, p. 858; Hargitt, 1900, p. 387-406; Nutting, 1901, p. 337, 374; Hargitt, 1901, p. 311; 19023, p. 554; 1904, p. 32; Mayer, 1910, p. 25. Dredged by the survey throughout the length of Vineyard Sound, at depths of i to 15 fathoms on non-muddy bottoms; recorded but twice in the Buzzards Bay dredgings, though probably of more general occurrence as a Pennaria tiarella Continued. littoral species. Pennaria has a wide range of habitat. It is perhaps most readily col lected from piles, but is found upon all sorts of objects whether fixed or free. In mid summer it occurs in abundance on floating eel grass. Dr. Hargitt believes that the attachment to eel grass represents a later seasonal phase in the life of Pennaria, and that it is to be regarded as an adaptation for distribution. The medusae are especially abundant in the latter part of the summer. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (? many), 7523 bis (? few colonies), 7524 (many)f, 7525 (abun dant, large bunches), 7525 bis (? many), 7526 (many), 7531 bis*, 7537, 7540 (dead), 7542 (numerous), 7553 bis*, 7557, 7572 (many), 7582, 7589 (small tuft), 7594 (small piece, dead), 7676 (sexually mature)*, 7681*, 7688*, 773*. 779*. 7/17*. 77 l8 *. 772i*. 7725*. 77=6*. 7746*, 7749*, 7751*. 7758*, 7759*, 7760*, 7761*, 7763*> 7764*, 7779*- Supplementary stations (1909): 7653, 7659. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i*, 30*, 44*, 51*, 63*, 71*, 73*, in*, 121*. Euphysa virgulata Agassiz. Nutting, 1901, p. 370; Hargitt, 1904, p. 33; Mayer, 1910, p. 35 (Steenstrupia virgulata "=(?) S. aurata Forbes"). Woods Hole. Hargitt. Family HYBOCODONiDjfi. Hybocodon prolifer Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 328; Nutting, 1901, p. 341, 370; Hargitt, 19023, p. 552; Har gitt, 1904, p. 33; Mayer, 1910. p. 38. Vineyard Sound. VerriH. Woods Hole (medu sae only). Nutting. The medusse of this species have been taken locally by Mr. Edwards during nearly every month of the year, but they appear from his records to be most abundant in April. Dr. Mayer found them in abundance in Woods Hole Harbor on March 4 (1907), while Dr. Hargitt records their capture off Crab Ledge in July and August. So far as we know the polyp phase has not been definitely recorded for local waters, but the constant occurrence of the medusa war rants the belief that the hydroid likewise o Dr. Hargitt now regards this as probably tbe medusa ot Corynitis linvillei Hargitt. 562 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family CORYMORPHID^. Corymorpha pendula Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 510; Nutting, 1901, p. 337, 370; Hargitt, igoib, p. 580; 19023, p. 549; 1904, p. 34 (Hybocodon pendula); Mayer, 1910, p. 41 (Hybocodon pendula). Sandy bottom in rather deep waters in Vine yard Sound and Muskeget Channel and off Chatham and Nantucket. Hargitt. Dr. Har gitt has found medusa which are believed to belong to this species, but thus far their deri vation from the polyp form has not been demonstrated by actual observation. Family TJARIMJ. Protiara haeckeli Hargitt. Hargitt, 1902, p. 17 (sp. nov.); 1904, p. 34; Mayer, 1910, p. 106 (Protiara borealis). " Off Gay Head and No Mans Land, Vineyard Sound. Several specimens were taken on two occasions during the summer (July and August) in the same general region. Hargitt. Stomotoca apicata (McCrady). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 168; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 455 (no local records); Fewkes, 1881, p. 151 (Dinematella cavosa); p. 152 (Stomotoca apicata); Mayer, 1900, p. 3; Nutting, 1901, p. 371; Hargitt, 1904, p. 35; Mayer, 1910, p. 109 (Stomotoca dinema). Newport. A. Agassiz, Mayer, Nutting. July, . August, and September. Stomotoca mgosa Mayer. Mayer, 1900, p. 4 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, igoib, p. 581; 1904, p. 35; Mayer, 1910, p. 112. Common at Newport. Mayer. According to Brooks, this is the medusa of Periqonimus minutus Allman. Turris Tjesicaria A. Agassiz. Nutting, 1901, p. 375; Hargitt, 1904, p. 36; Mayer, 1910, p. 126. Medusa at Woods Hole, collected by V. N. Edwards. Nutting. This species has not been taken by Hargitt. Turris episcopalis (Forbes). Fewkes, 1881, p. 147; Hargitt, 1904, p. 36; Mayer, 1910, p. 126 (Turris vesicaria). Newport . Fewkes . Turritopsis nutricula McCrady. L. Agassiz, 1862; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 167; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 454; Fewkes, 1881, p. 149 (Modeeria multitentacula); p. 153 (Turritopsis nutricula}; Nutting, 1901, p. 375; Hargitt, 1904, p. 37; Mayer, 1910, p. 143. a This species, according to Agassiz and Nutting, is quite Hargitt hold otherwise. Turritopsis nutricula Continued. Medusa atNaushon. A. Agassiz. WoodsHole. Nutting, Hargitt. Recorded by Agassiz for July and September. Specimens believed to belong to this species have been taken by Mr. Edwards in March and August. Family BOUGAINVILI,IID.S. Podocoryne fulgurans (Agassiz). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 163 (Dysmorphosa ful gurans); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 448, etc. (Dysmorphosa fulgurans); Nutting, 1901, p. 374 (Dysmorphosa fulgurans); Hargitt, 1904, p. 38 (Dysmorphosa fulgurans); Mayer, 1910, p. 139. Buzzards Bay, at Naushon. Agassiz. Through out the Woods Hole region, during the sum mer. Nutting, Hargitt. Podocoryne carnea Sars. Bumpus, iSgSb; Hargitt, 19023, p. 554; 1904, p. 38; Mayer, 1910, p. 136. Vineyard Sound; Tarpaulin Cove. Hargitt. Buzzards Bay, at 1909 repetitions of Fish Hawk stations 7618*, 7648*, and 7653*111 each case on shells occupied by hermit crabs. Survey. Hydroid phase chiefly on the shells of hermit crabs. Medusse fairly com mon locally. "Breeding" during August. Bumpus, citing Murbach. Hydractinia echinata Fleming. [Chart 15.] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 198 (Hydractinia polyclina); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 328, etc. (Hy dractinia polyclina); Bumpus, i8g8b, p. 858 (Hydractinia (Echinata) polyclina); Nutting, 1901, p. 335 (Hydractinia polyclina); Hargitt, 1908, p. 97. Generally present in local waters; distribution in large degree coextensive with that of the hermit crabs, on whose shells it dwells, though this species appears to be nearly or quite lacking in the central portions of Buzzards Bay. Recorded from all of the Crab Ledge stations. Dredged on every sort of bottom. In the great majority of cases Hydractinia is found upon shells occupied by hermit crabs, though its presence has been noted in the fol lowing situations by various local observers: rocks (Verrill); rock-weed and Limulus (Bumpus); piles of piers (Nutting, Osburn, Hargitt); maxillipeds of lobster, chela of distinct from the H. echinata of Europe. Leidy. McCrady and BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 563 Hydractinia echinata Continued, Cancer itroratus, stems of rock-weed, carapace and legs of Limulus (Hargitt). During the survey dredging it was found upon two sticks of wood brought up from the bottom near Menemsha Bight, also from the shell of a living Buccinum undatum. Regarding an interesting mass of these organisms found at Vineyard Haven, in August, 1906, Dr. Osburn has furnished the following notes: "One old pile, broken off just at low water, was entirely incrusted, almost to the exclusion of all else, with a colony of Hydractinia polyclina . . . The colony extended from just below low water to over a fathom s depth and covered many square feet. The following is probably a very incomplete list of stations at which this species was dredged: Fish Hawk stations: 7523, 7526, 7532, 7537, 7542, 7554, 7559, 7560, 7561, 7563, 7567, 7570, 7574, 7576, 7582, 7583, 759 2 . 7596, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7606, 7607, 7608, 7609, 7664, 7676, 7677, 7678, 7680, 7681, 7682, 7683, 7698, 7699, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7706, 7707, 7708, 7718, 7719, 7720, 7722, 7726, 7727, 7730, 7731, 7734, 7736, 774, 7753, 7?6 , 7762, 7764, 7766, 7767, 7769, 7770, 7772, 7773, 7776, 7777, 7778, 7779, 7?So, 7781, 7782, 7783. Supplementary station (1909): 7636. Phalarope stations: 59, 60, 62, 64, 71, 72, 73, 83, 90, 107, 108, 109, no, in, 113, 118, 122, 129, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 140, 142, 145, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 153, 154, 158, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167. Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 146. "Breeds" during July and August. Bumpus. Lizzia grata Agassiz. Fewkes, 1881, p. 142; Bumpus, i898b; Nutting, 1901, p. 376; Hargitt, 19022, p. 552; 1904, p. 39; Mayer, 1910, p. 179 (Rathkea octopunctata var. grata). Medusa at Newport. Fewkes. Woods Hole Harbor and Eel Pond, April to August. C. W. Hargitt. Dr. Mayer reported this species as common in Woods Hole Harbor, March 4, 1907, while Mr. G. T. Hargitt found it in abundance from April 5 to n, 1908. Accord ing to Mr. Edwards s towing records, it is most common in April, though taken from February to August and occasionally at other times. Bougainvillia carolinensis (McCrady). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 156 (Margelis carolinenis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 733, 408, etc. (Margelis carolinensis.); Bumpus, i8g8b, p. 858 (Margelis carolinenses) , Nutting, igor, p. 330, 376; Hargitt, 19023, p. 554; 1904, p. 39; Mayer, 1910, p. 165. Hydroids generally distributed in shallower waters upon piles, rock-weed and floating timber; not recorded in the Survey dredging. Medusa common in summer, occurring during August and September (Verrill); as early as June (Hargitt). Mr. G. T. Hargitt found a few specimens early in April (1908) which he referred to this species. Bougaimjillia superciliaris Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 153; Verrill and Smith, I 873> P- 733, 328, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 330, 376; Hargitt, 1902, p. 13; 1904, p. 40; Mayer, 1910, p. 162. Newport. A. Agassiz. Woods Hole (medusa only). Nutting. Medusae taken in April, May, and June (Verrill); August n, 1899 (Nutting); "June to September" (Hargitt). Bougaimiillia autumnalis Hartlaub. Mayer, 1900, p. 5 (Bougainvillia gibbsi) , Hargitt, 1904, p. 40 (Bougainvillia gibbsi)] Mayer, 1910, p. 169. Medusa taken at Newport, from July to Octo ber. Mayer. Calyptospadix cerulea Clarke. Hargitt, 1909, p. 371. Woods Hole Harbor; found by Dr. Hargitt, growing on the bottom of the steamer Fish Hawk, also on piles of Fisheries pier, August, 1908. Wareham, on bridge, August, 1908; "fine colonies" collected by V. N. Edwards, identified by C. W. Hargitt. During follow ing summer no specimens were taken in Woods Hole Harbor, but " luxurious colonies" were again taken at Wareham. Dr. Hargitt believes that this species has but recently established itself in the region. Willia ornata McCrady. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 346; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 171; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 735, 455; Fewkes, 1882, p. 299; Nutting, 1901, p. 377; Hargitt, 19023, p. 554; 1904, p. 40; Mayer, 1910, p. 189 (Proboscidactyla ornata). Buzzards Bay, at Naushon, the last part of September. A. Agassiz. Great Harbor and Eel Pond; "more or less common at irregular intervals"; medusae of all sizes and stages found during the summer. Hargitt. 564 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Nemopsis bachei Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 149; Verrill and Smith, 1873. P- 733. 4541 Nutting, 1901, p. 375; Hargitt, 1902, p. 14; 19023, p. 554; 1904, p. 41; Mayer, 1910, p. 173. Medusae reported from Nantucket, Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, and Newport. Common in September. A. Agas siz. Observed from June to September. Verrill, Hargitt, Nutting. Stylactis hooperi Sigerfoos. Nutting, 1901, p. 335, 374; Hargitt, 1904, p. 41; Mayer, 1910, p. 150. "Found growing on a live gastropod Ilyanassa. Collected near Woods Hole by Mr. Wal- dron. Nutting. Family Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus). [Chart 16.] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 159 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 408, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 332; Bumpus, i8g8b, p. 857; Hargitt, 1908, p. 95. "Off Gay Head, 8 to 20 fathoms." Verrill. Abundant and of general distribution through out Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, being one of the few hydroids dredged with great frequency in the latter; taken in 2 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Survey. Likewise abundant on piles and frequent in shallower waters than those reached by the dredge. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few), 7521 bis*, 7523, 7525 bis*, 7527 (few tufts), 7532 (few), 7534, 7535. 7535 bis*, 7537 (abundant), 7540, 7542 bis (few colonies), 7543 (many), 7543 bis, 7544, 7545 (stolons), 7545 bis*, 7546 (dead branch)*, 7546 bis*, 7549. 7549 bis*, 755. 755 bis (few), 7551, 7551 bis (much), 7552, 7552 bis(few), 7553, 7556 bis (few), 7557 (large branch), 7558 (large branch living), 7559 (living), 7561 (many clusters living), 7562 (many living), 7563 (many living), 7568 (small bunch), 7570, 7572 (much), 7575 (much), 7576, 7577 (several colonies), 7578 (on Mytilus), 7579 (few living), 7598 (dead), 7605*, 7607*, 7612 (? fragment)*, 7618 (? fragments)*, 7619, 7624 (few dead stems), 7625 (few dead colonies), 7627 (few colonies), 7631 (i small colony), 7633 (i colony), 7637 (few stems), 7642 (few dead stems), 7645 (i colony), 7659 (few colonies), 7662 (? old fragments)*, 7663*, 7666*, 7670 (few colonies), 7690*, 7702*, 7724*, 7741 (little)*, 7744*, 7746*, 7749*, 7752*. 7755*, 7759*, 7778*, 778i*, 7782*, 7783*. Supple mentary stations* (1906): 7525, 7537, 7545; Eudendrium ramosum Continued. (1907): 7526, 7538, 7549; (1909): 7622 (frag ment), 7643 (fragments), 7653 (living), 7657 (dead stems), 7660 (living and dead), 7668 (living, with gonads), 7670 (? fragments), 7671 (fragments). Phalarope stations: 13*, 14 (?)*, 37, 58*, 68, 69*, 82, in*, 160 (? dead stems)*, 163 (i bunch)*. Concerning reproduction Bumpus records: "Col onies of Eudendmim, probably E. ramosum, were taken in a very imperfect condition June 17 [1908], apparently just beginning from old stolons * * * The earliestsignsof develop ment of eggs occurred during the first week of July. The latest were recorded by Dr. Murbach, on September 15. " After speaking of the slight mention made of Eudendrium ramosum in the earlier accounts of our local fauna, Hargitt comments: "Can it be possible that this species is a recent comer into this region, or has it become more prolific and abundant of recent years, or was its earlier presence simply overlooked by naturalists? Eudendrium dispar Agassiz. [Chart 17.] A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 159; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 734, 408; Hargitt, 1901, p. 309; 1008, p. 96; Nutting, 1901, p. 332. Naushon. A. Agassiz. Vineyard Sound. Ver rill. Apparently no local specimens were assigned to this species by Nutting. Speci mens thus identified by Dr. Hargitt were dredged rather frequently by the survey in Vineyard Sound, almost exclusively in the western half, in 8 to 19 fathoms, for the most part on bottoms of sand and gravel. Taken also at Great Round Shoal, off Nantucket, July 23, 1908*. There are no Survey records for Buzzards Bay. Hargitt s statements (1908, p. 96, 97) to the effect that this species " seems to be more common in Buzzards Bay ," and that it "has not been taken on the average once per year during this period [i. e., 15 years]" were based upon a misunderstanding as to the source of certain specimens which were examined by him. Fish Hawk stations*: 7523 bis, 7567 (several clusters), 7678 (sexually mature), 7682 (male and female), 7689, 7697 (male and female), 7698 (female), 7699 (male and female), 7700 (female), 7701, 7706, 7725, 7727, 7730, 7734, 7735, 7736, 7739, 7745 (? fragments). Supple mentary stations* (1906): 7567 (twice re peated) 7723. Phalarope station 58*. Identified as "E. ramosum" by Dr. Nutting. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 565 Eudendrium carneum Clarke . Nutting, 1901, p. 333; Hargitt, 1908, p. 97. A specimen found in United States Fish Com mission collection at Woods Hole, dated De cember 17, 1888, locality not stated. Nutting. Recorded by Hargitt from the following points: Piles of New York Yacht Club pier at Vineyard Haven (collected by R. C. Osburn); off Naushon, on Fticus off Gay Head (1906 and ? 1907). Eudendrium tenue A. Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 160; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p- 734; Nutting, 1901, p. 333; Hargitt, 1908, p. 97. Buzzards Bay at Naushon. A. Agassiz. Vine yard Haven, at New York Yacht Club pier, August, 1906. (Collected by R. C. Osburn; identified by C. W. Hargitt.) Eudendrium capillare Alder. Hargitt, 1901, p. 310; 1908, p. 97; Nutting, 1901, P- 334- "Newport, R. I., in shallow water." Nutting. Great Harbor, Woods Hole. Hargitt. A specimen doubtfully assigned to this species by Dr. Hargitt was dredged near Quicks Hole, at Phalarope station 82; others recorded from Buzzards Bay, at 1909 repetitions of Fish Hawk stations 7670 (? fragments) and 7672. Eudendrium album Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 334; Hargitt, 1901, p. 310; 1908, p. 97. "Found on floating seaweed ... in ... tow at Woods Hole; also on United States Fish Commission wharf." Nutting. Specimens thus identified by Dr. Hargitt were taken at Fish Hawk stations (repeated) : 7523 (1906) and 7776 (1907). Eudendrium sp . undet. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 bis, 7539, 7541 bis, 7554 bis, 7555. 75 6 4, 75 6 4 bis, 7581, 7582, 7583,7584, 7592, 7596, 7599, 7604, 7680, 7681, 7768, 7769, 7770, 7772, 7773, 7777. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 15, 51, 108. Family CLADONEMID.B. Gemmaria cladophora Agassiz. Nutting, 1901, p. 371; Hargitt, 1904, p. 42 ; Mayer, 1910, p. 90 Zanclea cladophora). "Collected at Woods Hole, August, 1899."- Nutting. Woods Hole (? independent rec ord). Hargitt. Gemmaria gemmosa McCrady. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 184; Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 735> 455! Fewkes, 1881, p. 150; Murbach, 1898, p. 354; Nutting, 1901, p. 329, 372; Har gitt, 1904, p. 42; 1908, p. 100; Mayer, 1910, p. 88 (Zanclea gemmosa). "Buzzards Bay, Naushon." A. Agassiz. New port, in September. Fewkes. Polyp colo nies recorded by Murbach for Woods Hole, under name of " Corynitis agassizii McCrady." Since these liberated medusae which were identified as Gemmaria gemmosa, Murbach con cluded that Corynitis agassizii and Gemmaria gemmosa were merely different phases in the life history of the same organism. Nutting accepted this view, but Hargitt rejects it, be lieving Murbach to have been mistaken in his identification of the polyp form. Family TUBUI.ARHD.E. Tubularia couthouyi Agassiz [Chart 18.] Bumpus, 1898, p. 489; 18983, p. 61; Hargitt, 1901, p. 313; Nutting, 1901, p. 338. Quicks Hole and off Nobska Point. G. M. Gray, cited by Nutting. Vineyard Sound, common, chiefly in the eastern half; mouth of Buzzards Bay ; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, mainly on mud- free bottoms, and particularly among stones and gravel. Survey. The specimens taken in the inner waters during the summer months are all, or nearly all, empty perisarcs, or ones in which the coenosarc is dormant. Living hydranths, loaded with ripe gonophores, were reported by Dr. Bumpus during March (1898), and Mr. Gray states that he has taken living specimens from January till April. Offshore, in 29 fathoms, living hydranths were dredged by the Fish Hawk in August, 1905, and at Crab Ledge small ones were met with July 21, 1908, and August 12, 1909. Nutting writes: "A number of beautiful specimens were sent me by Dr. Mead, of Brown University, who had them growing in a submerged flatboat at Providence, R. I. [season not stated]." Mr. Gray reports that he found considerable num bers of this species growing upon the carapace of a living Limulus. Those dredged are gen erally attached to stones or shells. (Is Nut ting justified in his statement that this species is usually found in brackish water?). Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (i tube), 7528 (many tubes), 7529 (i stem), 7531 (2 stems), 7532 bis (many stems), 7533 bis (few stems), 7534 (few tubes)*, 7537 (few), 7338 (very- abundant), 7538 bis (few), 7539 (few), 7544 566 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tubularia couthouyi Continued. (numerous), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (few), 7554 bis (i), 7555, 7564 (i tube), 7579 (i peri- sarc), 7588 (many stalks), 7593 (several tubes), 7595 (many tubes), 7664 (few), 7665 (few), 7666 (few), 7670 (few), 7671 (few), 7672 (sev eral), 7673 (several), 7674, 7682 (stems), 7686 (? i tube), 7697 (few tubes), 7698 (i), 7701 (stems), 7722 (i), 7732 (few), 7737 (several), 7738 (stems), 7753 (many). Supplementary stations (1907): 7538*1(1909): 7670,7671,7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (i tube), 2 (several tubes), 5 (2 tubes), 6 (several stems), 7 (several tubes), 8 (several), 9 (numbers), 10 (few), ii (few), 13 (common), 14 (few), 15 (few tubes), 17 (i tube on Busycon shell), 20 (i tube), 28 (i stem), 82 (stems), 113, 114 (many tubes). Tubularia larynx Ellis & Solander. Nutting, 1901, p. 339. "A number of specimens secured growing on Eu- dendrium dispar and on seaweed at U. S. Fish Commission station 7060, Muskeget Life-Sav ing station bearing N. by E. K E. 4% miles. Depth, 5 fathoms." Tubularia spectabilis (Agassiz). Nutting, 1901, p. 339. " Found on rocks at end of Newport Island. At Woods Hole , locality not given . " A specimen doubtfully referred by Dr. Hargitt to this spe cies was taken in 1907 at a repetition of Fish Hawk station 7526. Tubularia tenella (Agassiz). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736,407,610. (Tham- nocnidia tenella); Nutting, 1901, p. 339. "Vineyard Sound, 6 to 10 fathoms." Verrill. Crab Ledge, abundant, growing attached to sponge and to Boltenia stems; Woods Hole passage Survey. Off Gay Head, August, 1906. Hargitt. Fish Hawk stations: 7603! (abundant), 7604, 7605 (very abundant). Phalarope stations: is(?)*, 121,*. Tubularia crocea (Agassiz). [Chart 19] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 736, 390, etc. (Pa- rypha crocea); Bumpus, 1898, p. 858 (Parypha); Nutting, 1901, p. 340. Dredged in abundance throughout the length of Vineyard Sound; Bay records few and re stricted to the lower half; common at Crab Ledge; taken in 2 to 25 fathoms on quite va rious bottoms. Survey. Abundant, also, on piles of piers, floating timbers, etc., at Woods Hole and elsewhere, and sometimes on Fucus; Tubularia crocea Continued. it often flourishes in water which is somewhat brackish . Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few tubes)*f, 75 21 bis (several clusters)*, 7522 (several tubes), 7522 bis*, 7523 bis*, 7525 bis*, 7528 (few stems), 7531 (bunch of stems), 7532 (few tubes), 7532 bis, 7533 (few tubes), 7535 (few tubes), 7536 bis (many living), 7538 (numerous perisarcs), 7538 bis*, 7539 (few bunches of perisarcs), 7540 (few perisarcs, some forming part of Diopatra tube), 7543 bis (? few colonies), 7546(1 living cluster), 7547 bis (? i colony), 7551 (many living), 7553 (i cluster of tubes), 7554 (i cluster tubes), 7557 (several tufts, living), 7560 (few clusters liv ing), 7561 (few clusters living), 7564 (few tubes), 7566 (i cluster living), 7572 (i cluster), 7573 ( few clusters, tubes), 7582 (i cluster tubes), 7603*, 7604, 7605*. 7607*-]-, 7 6o8 t (abundant, growing on Balanus), 7609*, 7653 (i bunch), 7656 (few colonies), 7689, 7690, 7692, 7697 (4 stems), 7701, 7702, 7703, 7704 (i hy- dranth), 7721, 7722 (fragments), 7723, 7725, 7732 (fragments), 7733, 7739, 7745. 7753 ( ? fragments)*, 7755*. Supplementary stations* (1907): 7521, 7538; (1909): 7653, 7660. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 3 (2 large liv ing bunches), 4 (few living), 7 (few clusters), 8 (few), 9 (many), 10 (common, living), n (few), 12 (tubes), 13 (few colonies)*, 14 (few), 15 (abundant, living), 16 (abundant, living), 21 (common), 22 (few), 23 (few), 24 (very abundant), 26 (abundant), 27 (very abundant, living), 29 (few), 30 (few), 36 (few tubes), 39 (few tubes), 52 (few tubes), 60 (many tubes), 63 (few), 66 (several), 73 (few), 82 (few tubes), 83 (tubes), 86, 113, 114 (few), 118 (tubes), 121 (tubes). In midsummer, in the warmer waters of the har bor, the hydranths of this species disappear by a normal process of autotomy. On the local pier, for example, living hydranths begin to be scarce about the third week in July. Max Morse and A. J. Goldfarb. Later, they reap pear in these same places, being found during the latter part of October. Morse. In some what cooler waters, T. crocea may remain in an active condition throughout the entire sum mer, such specimens having not infrequently been recorded during the survey dredging in Vineyard Sound, between July 6 and August 21. Dr. Morse informs us that they may like wise be found in small numbers in Woods Hole passage, throughout the summer months. "Breeding" hydroids found in March. Bum- pus. Reproduces in June and July. Hargitt. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 567 Tubularia pamsitica Hargitt. 11 Hargitt 1902 a, p. 550 (sp. nov.). Found (parasitic?) upon the base of Corymorpha pendula, dredged in Muskeget Channel, Au gust, 1900. Hypolytus pereqrinus Murbach. Murbach, 1898, p. 341 (sp. nov.); Bumpus, i8g8b; Nutting, 1901, p. 340; Hargitt, 19013, P- 3i5- Described by Dr. Murbach from specimens taken in the Eel Pond, during the summer of 1895, and since then found on a number of occa sions in the same locality. This is a free living, solitary form, capable of temporary at tachment to eelgrass, etc. Only a hydroid generation occurs, which becomes sexually mature in August. Family THAUMANTIID^E. Laodicea calcarata Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 350; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 122 (Lafoea calcarata) ; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 334, etc. (Lajaza calcarata)", Nut ting, 1901, p. 353, 378 (Hebella calcarata); Hargitt, 1902, p. 14 (Lafcea calcarata); 19023, p. 554; (Lafcea calcarata) Hargitt, 1904, p. 43; Mayer, 1910, p. 201 (Laodicea cruciata). Buzzards Bay, at Naushon. A. Agassiz. "Hy- drarium abundant on floating Zostera and algse in Vineyard Sound, creeping over Sertu- laria cornicina; also at low water, and in 6 to 8 fathoms on Phyllophora." Verrill. Medusa in tow at Woods Hole during July and August : common. Hargitt. Taken likewise in Sep tember, according to Verrill. Staurostoma laciniata (Agassiz). Hargitt, 19023, p. 553 (Staurophora laciniata); Hargitt, 1904, p. 43; Mayer, 1910, p. 291 (Staurophora mertensii). "Very common at times at Woods Hole and in adjacent waters." Hargitt. Taken in May by G. M. Gray and H. M. Smith. Melicertum campanula Agassiz. Nutting, 1901, p. 382; Hargitt, 1904, p. 44; Mayer, 1910, p. 207. Medusa taken at Woods Hole by V. N. Edwards. Nutting. Dr. Hargitt has not found the species here. Orchis toma tentaculata Mayer. Mayer, 1900, p. 8 (sp. nov.); Nutting, 1901, p. 377; Hargitt, 1904, p. 44; Mayer, 1910, p. 212. ewport, one immature specimen (medusa) taken August 18, 1896. Mayer. Family EUCOPID^E. Eutima mira McCrady. Nutting, 1901, p. 378; Hargitt, 1904, p. 45; May er, 1910, p. 295. Woods Hole. Nutting. "Very common at Woods Hole and in Vineyard Sound during August. Hargitt. ?Eutima limpida Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 363; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 116; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 454; Nutting, 1901, p. 377; Hargitt, 19023, p. 554; 1904, p. 46; 1908, p. HI; Mayer, 1910, p. 295 (Eutima mira) . " Buzzards Bay during September. " A. Agassiz. F. R. Lillie (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) records having taken this spe cies August 8 and 9, 1893. Reported by Har gitt (1902) as fairly common locally, though this statement is later corrected, the earlier opinion having been based upon immature specimens of E. mira. Dr. Hargitt now states that he has never known such a species to be taken in local waters, and believes it to be "probably at most but a regional variety of E. mira." Eucheilota ventricularis McCrady. L. Ag3ssiz, 1862, p. 353; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 74; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 725, 454; Fewkes, 1881, p. 159; Nutting, 1901, p. 379 Hargitt, 1902 a, p. 554; Hargitt, 1904, p. 46; Mayer, 1910, p. 282. Medusa; believed to be the young of this species "exceedingly common at Naushon." A. Ag assiz. Newport. Fewkes. " Fairly common in the waters adjacent to Woods Hole ; taken in August. Hargitt. Eucheilota duodecimalis Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 353; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 75; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 725,454; Fewkes, 1882, p. 297 (Phialium duodecimale); Nutting, 1901, p. 378; Hargitt, 19023, p. 554; 1904, p. 46; Mayer, 1910, p. 283. Buzzsrds Bay at Naushon. A. Agassiz. New port, Woods Hole. Nutting. Woods Hole, Hargitt. Recorded for July and August. Timaformosa Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 448, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 157; Nutting, 1901, p. 379; Hargitt, 19023, p. 553; 1904, p. 47; Mayer, 1910, p. 317. "Vineyard Sound, February and April." Ver rill. " Very abundant at Newport, in May. Fewkes. Woods Hole. F. M. Walmsley, cited by Nutting. " Rather general through- Dr. Hargitt now entertains somo doubt as to the Talidity of this species. 568 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tima formosa Continued . out the region." Hargitt. According to Mr. Edwards s extensive towing records, this spe cies is most abundant locally in April and May, though taken as early as February, and again in August and September. Tiaropsis diademata Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 725, 454, etc.; Mead, 1898, p. 704; Nutting, 1901, p. 381; Hargitt, 19023, p. 552; 1904, p. 49; Mayer, 1910, p. 258. "Woods Hole; April 17 (V. N. Edwards). "- Verrill. "Taken frequently," April, 1908. Mead. "Occasionally taken at Woods Hole, March to May." Hargitt. March 4, 1907, a few young. A. G. Mayer. Oceania, languida Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 352; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 70; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 725, 454; Hargitt, 1902, p. 13; 1904, p. 50; Mayer, 1910, p. 269 (Phialidium languidum). Naushon, in September. A. Agassiz. Buz zards Bay; common in Vineyard Sound. Verrill. "Very abundant in the Woods Hole region, . . . June to September." Har gitt. Oceania singularis Mayer. Mayer, 1900, p. 7 (sp. nov.); Nutting, 1901, p. 380; Hargitt, 1904, p. 50; Mayer, 1910, p. 273 (Phialidium singularis). A single specimen taken at Newport, August 22, 1896. Epenthesis folleata McCrady. Fewkes, 1882, p. 298; Nutting, 1901, p. 381; Har gitt, 1902, p. 13; 19023, p. 554; 1904, p. 50; Mayer, 1910, p. 264 (Clytia folleata). Newport. Fewkes. "Common in Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole, etc., from July to Sep tember." Hargitt. According to Mr. Ed wards s towing records, this medusa has been taken locally from February to December, being most common in May. Family CAMPANULARIID^E. Clytia bicophora Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 78; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 725, 408, etc. (Clytia johnstoni) ; Bumpus, i8g8b, p. 857; Nutting, 1901, p. 343, 379; Har gitt, 1904, p. 46; Mayer, 1910, p. 262 (Clytia aolubilis). Vineyard Sound. L. Agassiz. Naushon. L. and A. Agassiz. "Buzzards Bay; Vineyard Sound, i to 14 fathoms, common, attached to larger hydroids and algae. Verrill. "Found on the stems of Tubularia crocea . . . on the Clytia bicophora Continued. piles of the United States Fish Commission dock at Woods Hole . Nutting. Hydroid col onies found locally on Fucus or among other hydroids, shells, etc. Medusa "frequent in the tow at Woods Hole," in summer. Hargitt. Nutting regards this species as quite distinct from C. johnstoni Alder, with which it has been placed by Hincks and by Verrill. Clytia cylindrica Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 354 (Platypyxis cylindrica); A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 80 (Platypyxis cylindrica); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 726, 408, etc. (Platypyxis cylindrica); Nutting, 1901, p. 343; Hargitt, 1909, p. 374. Buzzards Bay, at Naushon. A. Agassiz. " Vine yard Sound; off Buzzards Bay, 25 fathoms. Verrill. Buzzards Bay, at 1909 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7653.* Survey. Clytia noliformis (McCrady). Nutting, 1901, p. 343, 379; Hargitt, 1904, p. 47. Dr. Nutting regards the occurrence of this spe cies at Woods Hole as doubtful. According to Dr. Hargitt, however, the medusa is not uncommon locally. Clytia grayi Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 344 (sp. nov.). Nutting s record refers to specimens dredged by the Fish Hawk south of Marthas Vineyard in 31 fathoms; thus not strictly within the region. Likewise taken off Crab Ledge. Hargitt. Clytia volubilis Lamouroux. Hargitt, 1909, p. 373. Neighborhood of Woods Hole, on floating masses of sargassum. Campanularia poterium (Agassiz). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 726, 408, etc. (Orthopyxis caliculata); Nutting, 1901, p. 344. "Off Gay Head and in Vineyard Sound, 4 to 15 fathoms." Verrill. Off Nantucket, in 23 fathoms. Nutting. Campanularia hincksii Alder. Nutting, 1901, p. 345. "A specimen was secured from a depth of 15 fathoms near Newport, R. I." Campanularia Tiolubilis (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 726, 408, etc.; Nut ting, 1901, p. 345. "Vineyard Sound to Greenland." Verrill. "Found growing on Sertularella tricuspidata on specimens in the U. S. Fish Commission collection; supposed to be from rather deep water. Nutting. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 569 Campanularia minuia Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 345 (sp. nov.). "Parasitic on Obelia commissuralis from the piles of the wharf at New Bedford. Collected by Mr. Vinal Edwards." Nutting. Campanularia edwardsi Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 346 (sp. nov.). The type specimen was found on the piles of the U. S. F. C. dock at Woods Hole." Campanularia neglecta (Alder). Nutting, 1901, p. 346. Woods Hole. Said to occur "in shallow water, on stones, shells, and other hydroids." Campanularia "uerticillata (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 347 (not listed for strictly local waters); Hargitt, 1908, p. 112. A specimen thus identified by Prof. Nutting was dredged by the survey at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7609) in 1903. Prof. Hargitt thus identifies specimens found upon a valve of Modiolus taken by Mr. Edwards off Sankaty Light, at a depth of 25 fathoms. Campanularia amphora (Agassiz). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 93 (Laomedea amphora); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 727, 327 (Cam panularia flexuosa); Bumpus, 1898, p. 858 {Laomedea amphora); Nutting, 1901, p. 347. Naushon. A. Agassiz. On Fucus, with ripe gonophores, June 2, 1890 J. P. McMurrich, in Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue . " Common in shallow water in the Woods Hole region. Nutting. Verrill confuses this species with C. flexuosa Hincks, and includes both species under C. flexuosa. f Campanularia angulata Hincks. Nutting, 1901, p. 347. Woods Hole region (specimens identified doubt fully by C. C. Nutting). Campanularia calceolifera Hincks. Verrill, 1875, p. 42; Nutting, 1901, p. 348. United States Bureau of Fisheries pier at Woods Hole. Verrill, Nutting. Campanularia flexuosa (Hincks). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 726, 327, etc.; Nut ting, 1901, p. 348. Vineyard Sound, off Gay Head. Verrill. (By Verrill C. amphora (Agassiz) was also included under this species). "One of the most abun dant species at Woods Hole," occurring "on floating seaweed and on rocks and timbers in shallow water." Nutting. Vineyard Haven. (Collected by Osburn, identified by Hargitt.) Obelia flabellala (Hincks). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728, 390, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 350; Hargitt, 1902, p. 14: 1908, p. 109; Mayer, 1910, p. 249 (Obelia piano). Woods Hole, on old wreck, in the passage. Verrill. "Collected by Mr. George M. Gray at Woods Hole in April, 1906, and in the aquarium numerous medusas were lib erated. Hargitt. Obelia commissuralis McCrady. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 351; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 91; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728, 327, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 350, 380; Hargitt, 1904, p. 48; Mayer, 1910, p. 244. Hydroids common and of general distribution in shallow waters locally, being found on rocks, piles, or seaweed. In the Survey dredging re corded only from Fish Hawk stations 7678*, 7680*, and 7707*. Medusae taken in abundance occurring from July to September. Obelia diaphana (Agassiz). L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 352 (Eucope diaphana); A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 83 (do.); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 727, 327, etc.; Hargitt, 1904, p. 48; Mayer, 1910, p. 249 (Obelia geniculata). Hydroids reported as abundant in local waters, on Fucus, etc.; medusae likewise common, being referred to by A. Agassiz as "by far the most common of our jellyfishes. " According to this writer, the medusae occur from March to November. Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728, 407, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 350; Mayer, 1910, p. 246. "Vineyard Sound, northward; .... off Gay Head, 8 to 10 fathoms, on ascidians." Verrill. Nutting thinks it likely that this is the same species as Eucope pyriformis A. Agassiz. Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus). [Chart 20.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 727, 407, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 351, 380; Hargitt, 1902, p. 14; Mayer, 1910, p. 249. Dredged by the Survey throughout Vineyard Sound, and occasionally in the lower half of Buzzards Bay, occurring at i to 16 fathoms, on various bottoms, generally growing on Lamin- aria or other seaweeds; taken most abundantly at the western end of the Sound. This species is likewise common on piles and floating tim bers, and is occasionally found growing in profusion on other animals, such as Lepas, the sargasso crabs, and even the sea horse (Hip pocampus). The medusae occur during the summer. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Obelia geniculata Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis, 7532 bis, 7535 bis*, 7543 b is . 7548*, 755 1 - 7557, 756, 7575, 7579, 7582, 75 8 3- 7585, 7589- 7592, 7593, 7595, 7610, 7637, 7 6 42, 7656 (?)*. 7662, 7664, 7667, 7671*, 7678*, 7679 (?)*, 77oi (?)*, 7702 (?)*, 7703*, 7704*, 7706*, 7709 (?)*, 7718*, 7720*, 7722*, 7723*, 7726 (?)*, 7730 (?)*, 773i (?)*, 7739*, 7755*, 7767*. Supplementary stations: Ap proximate repetitions in 1907 of stations 7521, 758i, 7731 ( ? ), 7739- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 17, 24 (?)*, 28 (?), 29 (?), 32*, 33, 34, 44*, 47*, 51*, 57, 58*, 114*, 118*. Obelia gelatinosa (Pallas). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728, 391, etc.; Nutting, 1901, pp. 351, 380; Hargitt, 1904, p. 48; Mayer, 1910, p. 244. Listed by Nutting and Hargitt for the region. According to Verrill, this species is sometimes found in waters which are quite brackish, while Nutting states that it may grow between tides. Obelia pyriformis (A. Agassiz). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 727, 390, etc.; Hargitt, 1904, p. 49; Mayer, 1910, p. 247. "Very abundant on piles of wharves, etc., at Woods Hole." Verrill. Hargitt records the medusae locally. Nutting thinks it likely that this species is identical with Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus). Obelia bicuspidata Clarke. Nutting, 1901, p. 351; Mayer, 1910, p. 254 (Obelia bideniata). "Near Woods Hole, 19 fathoms." Nutting. Vineyard Haven. Hargitt. Obelia longissima (Pallas). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 728; Nutting, 1901, P- 351- 379; Mayer, 1910, p. 255. Gay Head. Verrill. Woods Hole. Nutting. Obelia bidentala Clarke. fc Nutting, 1901, p. 351 (not recorded locally); Mayer, 1910, p. 254. Vineyard Haven. Hargitt. Obelia congdoni Hargitt. Hargitt, 1909, p. 375 (sp. nov.) Vicinity of Woods Hole, on floating sargassum, taken during the summers of 1907 and 1908. "Obelia polygena Verrill" (said to be equivalent to Eucope polygena A. Agassiz) and "Obelia diiiaricata Verrill" (=Laomedea diiiancata McCrady) are likewise listed by Verrill and Smith (1873, p. 727), the former species being recorded as taken "off Gay Head, 4 to 5 fath oms, not common," the latter " found on float ing alga? in Vineyard Sound." The identity of the species here referred to is not certain. Obelia sp. undet. Unidentified specimens belonging to this genus, but probably referable to one or more of the above species, are recorded for Fish Hawk sta tion 7676 and Blue Wing stations 21 and 23. Gonothyr<za loveni Allman. Nutting, 1901, p. 352; Hargitt, igoia, p. 386. Woods Hole, "on fucus and other algae, rocks, etc.;" taken*off Nantucket in June, 1906, by Mr. Edwards. Hargitt. Family LAFOSID^E. La/era dumosa Fleming. Nutting, 1901, p. 355. Nantucket Shoals, growing on other hydroids. Verrill, cited by Nutting. Lafcea graeillima (Alder). Nutting, 1901, p. 356; Hargitt, 1908, p. 113. "Although not specifically reported from the Woods Hole region, it doubtless occurs there, as its distribution is much like that of L. dumosa." Nutting. Prof. Hargitt found specimens which he thinks were probably referable to this species upon a shell dredged off Sankaty Light at a depth of 25 fathoms. Hebella p\-gmasa Hincks. Nutting, 1901, p. 353. " Found on a polyzoou off Nantucket; Sankaty Light, east by south; depth, 24 fathoms (Vinal Edwards)." Hebella sp. undet. A minute species taken at Crab Ledge. Hargitt. Family HYDROCERATIN T ID/E. Keratosum complexum Hargitt. Hargitt, 1909. p. 379 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1911, p. 187. Crab Ledge, summers of 1903 and 1909. Super ficially, this species bears considerable resem blance to a branching sponge, and was at first regarded as such. All of the specimens which have been examined by Dr. Hargitt appear to be in a state of degeneration, perhaps of aestivation, "no hydranths or similar organs being distinguishable." BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 571 Family CAMPANUUNID^. Loiienella grandis Nutting. Nutting, 1901, p. 354 (n. sp.); Hargitt, 1908, p. 112. Newport Harbor, off Castle Hill. Nutting. Kopeecon Point, at Phalarope station 66.* Survey. Opercularella pumila Clarke. Hargitt, 1909, p. 375. A few specimens were dredged by the Survey in Vineyard Sound, off Naushon, in March, 1908, which Dr. Hargitt regards as identical with Clarke s species above named. This is the first record of occurrence since the original description. Calycella syringa (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 355; Hargitt, 1909, p. 376. Found abundantly in the Woods Hole region, "growing over all sorts of plant-like marine organisms, especially other hydroids. " Nut ting. Seasonally abundant, according to Hargitt. "Rather uncommon during the mid summer season," and then apparently not reproducing sexually. In early spring, "it seems much more abundant and immense col onies with prolific crops of gonangia are not rare." Crab Ledge and off Sankaty Head. Hargitt. Tarpaulin Cove, March, 1908. (Dredged by Sumner, identified by Hargitt.) Calycella nuttingi Hargitt. Hargitt, 1909, p. 378 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole; fishing grounds off Sankaty. A very minute species, found first upon Bugula turrita, and in general "found only associated with other hydroids, or similar organisms, e. g., Bryozoa. Family .fliQUOREiD^s. fStomobrachium tentaculalum Agassiz. Hargitt, 1904, p. 51; Mayer, 1910, p. 322. I have occasionally taken at Woods Hole what may have been fragments of ... this me dusa." Hargitt. Rhegmatodes lenuis Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 361; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 95; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 454; Nutting, 1901, p. 383; Hargitt, I 9 o2a, p. 553; 1904, p. 52; 1908, p. 112; Mayer, 1910, p. 332 (lEquorea tennis). Recorded for local waters by a number of writers. The species is one of decidedly variable fre quency, "occurring at very irregular periods, Rhegmatodes tenuis Continued. and a very erratic manner." At times it is abundant, while a number of years may elapse without its being observed at all. (See par ticularly Hargitt, 1908.) Ova shed early in morning, August 15, 1893. J. P. McMurrich, in Marine Biological labora tory card catalogue. /Equorea. albida Agassiz. L. Agassiz, 1862, p. 359; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. no; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 454; Nutting, 1901, p. 382; Hargitt, igoib, p. 592; 1904, p, 52; Mayer, 1910, p. 331. Recorded for local waters by A. Agassiz and by Hargitt. According to the latter author, this medusa is "not uncommon . . . during late summer and autumn." Zygodactyla graenlandica (Peron & Lesueur). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 103; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729, 449, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 156; Nut ting, 1901, p. 382; Hargitt, 1904, p. 52; Mayer, JQJo, P- 335- Recorded for local waters by various observers, who report its occurrence from June to Sep tember. Verrill refers to this species as com mon, Hargitt as occasional. Family HALECIID<B. Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus). [Chart 21.] Nutting, 1901, p. 357. "Abundant throughout the Woods Hole region, growing on shells, stones, etc., in shallow water." Nutting. Dredged by the survey with considerable frequency throughout the length of Vineyard Sound, and at scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay; occurring in 3 to 1 6 fathoms, on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis*, 7541 bis*, 7551 (many, branches)!, 7554 bis, 7563 bis*, 7569 bis*, 7576 (on Area pexata shell) f*, 7592 (large tuftonM^!/j-shell)t, 7610*, 7612 (?)*, 7613*. 7625 (?)*, 7636*, 7676*, 7678*, 7679*, 7680 (mature female)*, 7681 (male)*, 7682*, 7687 (fragment)*, 7697*, 7698*, 7699*, 7700*, 7701*, 7706*, 7708*, 7717*. 77 2 *. 7724*, 7727*, 7 22 8*, 773*,773 (poor specimen)*, 7734 (fragments)*, 7735*, 7736*- 7737 (?)*, 773 (?)*, 774 (?)*, 7751*, 7752*, 7766*, 7777*, 7?8*, 77 82 *- Sup plementary stations* (1906): 7723; (1907): 7526, 7549, 7592, 7776, 7780; (1909): 7618 (? dead stems), 7638 (living), 7659 (attached), 7660 (fragments), 7672 (living, with gonads). Phalarope stations*: 15,68, 81, 82, 113, 114, 115, 118, 150 (common), 162, 166, 167 (on Spisula shell). 572 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Halecium articulosum Clarke. Nutting, 1901, p. 357 (not recorded for the region as here denned); Hargitt, 1908, p. 106. Off Gay Head, July 15, 1907, on carapace of a small spider crab. Hargitt. Halecium, tenellum Hincks. Nutting, 1901, p. 357. Woods Hole. Nutting. Crab Ledge, 1908. Hargitt. Halecium beani (Johnston). Nutting, 1901, p. 358. "Found growing on bivalve shells at Woods Hole." Halecium gracile Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 729,328, etc. (sp. nov.); Nutting, 1901, p. 358. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Said to be "frequently found growing in pro fusion on the under side of stones, in tide pools, and attached to oysters, dead shells, etc., in shallow waters, both in the sounds and estua ries. " Also said to occur on piles and floating timbers. Halecium sp. undet. Fish Hawk stations: 7615, 7675, 7771, 7778, 7781. (Specimens too poor to be determined specifi cally.) Family SERTULARIID^E. Sertularia pumila Linnaeus. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 141 (Dynamena pumila), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 732, 327, etc.; Nutting, 1901, p. 359; 1904, p. 51. Nantucket. L. Agassiz. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Generally distributed in the shallow waters of the region, occurring on Fucus and other seaweeds and on piles. Dredged by the Survey, on a few occasions, in Vineyard Sound, at depths of 4 to 12 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7535 bis*, 7750*, 7767*, 7771*. Supplementary stations: 7551 (1907), 7763 (1907). Phalarope station 63*. Sertularia -versluysi Nutting. Nutting, 1904, p. 53; Hargitt, 1908, p. 112. Prof. Nutting records this species as occurring upon gulf weed, but not specifically for this locality. Prof. Hargitt has found it on some floating sargassum, collected by Mr. Edwards in Vineyard Sound, August 30, 1906. Sertularia gracilis Hincks. Verrill, 1875, p. 43; Nutting, 1904, p. 57. Taken on sargassum at Hyannis. Verrill. A specimen in the National Museum from Nau- shon. -Nutting. Sertularia cornicina (McCrady). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 733, 408, etc.; Nut ting, 1901, p. 359 (Scrtularia cornicina) , p. 360 (S. complexa); 1904, p. 58. "Not uncommon in Vineyard Sound, i to 8 fathoms, often on Halecium gracile; also on floating Zostera, etc., and covered with Lafxa cakarata." Verrill. "Found . . . growing in great quantities over seaweed dredged from the bottom near Nobska Point." Nutting. Not to be distinguished from 5. complexa Clarke. Nutting. Thuiaria thuja (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 364; 1904, p. 62. Off Nantucket. (Collected by V. N. Edwards; identified by Nutting). Thuiaria argenta (Ellis & Solander). [Chart 22.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 732, 408, etc. (Ser tularia argentea); Bumpus, 1898, p. 489 (Sertu laria argentea); G. M. Gray, in "Biological Notes, No. i," 1900 (Sertularia argentea); Nut ting, 1901, p. 363; 1904, p. 71; Sumner, 1910, fig. 9. Abundant in Vineyard Sound, particularly in the eastern half; in Buzzards Bay, scarce and chiefly restricted to the lower half; dredged in i to 20 fathoms, predominantly on gravelly or stony bottoms devoid of mud. Survey. Col lected on piles at Vineyard Haven.* Fish Hawk stations: 7521*, 7521 bis (many), 7522 bis (many clusters), 7523 (many)*, 7523 bis*, 7524 (small branch)*, 7524 bis (many clusters), 7525 bis (abundant on stones)*, 7527 (i branch)f, 7530 bis*, 7533 bis (many on stones), 7534 (many stems on stones), 7534 bis (very abundant), 7535 bis*, 7539 bis*, 7541 (numerous), 7545 (on stones)*, 7545 bis*, 7547 (few stems on Spisula shells)f, 7549*, 7550*, 7558 (on Venus shells)*, 7562, 7563, 7572, 7608*, 7615*, 7663*, 7682, 7689 (fragments), 7722 (frag ments), 7724, 7725*, 7732, 7733, 7734, 7737, 7738, 7739. 774i, 7744*, 7747*, 7752*. 7753*, 7755*, 7756 (fragments)*, 7763*, 7766*, 7767*, 7768*, 7769*, 7770*, 7772*, 7773*, 7775*- Supplementary stations (1906): 7522, 7752, (i907):*752i, 7538, 7549, 7551, 7581, 7763, 7766, 777, 7775- 777, 7?8o, 7783: (i99): 7^53 (frag ments), 7657 (dead stems), 7660 (fragments), 7668 (fragments), 7672 (fragments). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: i (few), 2, 4, 13, 51, 83, 108, 114, 115. Apparently for the most part empty perisarcs are to be found during the summer months. Mr. Gray states that living specimens are taken from early winter till April, and that ripe gonophores are present in March and April. Bumpus likewise records the taking of these hydroids, "laden with eggs," in March. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 573 Thuiaria cupressina (Linnseus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 732, 408, etc. (Sertu- laria cupressina); Nutting, igor, p. 364; 1904, p. 72. "Vineyard Sound, not common. Verrill. "E. by S. Sankaty Light, 25 fathoms." Nutting. Vineyard Sound(?); Buzzards Bay(?); Crab Ledge(?). Survey. Owing to differences of opinion between our authorities as to the identity of specimens submitted to them, the Survey records for this species must be entered as doubtful. Speci mens from the following stations were identi fied by Prof. Nutting as Thuiaria cupressina: 7S37> 758i. 7603. 7605, 7607. The same speci mens, from the first, third, and fourth of the foregoing stations, were assigned by Prof. Har- gitt to T. argen/ea, while the latter writer doubtfully agrees with Prof. Nutting in the case of the specimen from 7581, and likewise identifies as 7". cupressina a specimen from station 7612. Pasythea nodosa Hargitt. Hargitt, 1908, p. 114 (sp. nov.). Taken from gulfweed collected in local waters. Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux). Nutting, 1901, p. 363; 1904, p. 78. "E. by S., Sankaty Light, Nantucket, 25 fathoms." Nutting. Crab Ledge at Fish Hawk station 7609!. Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 362; 1904, p. 90. Not recorded by Nutting for the region as here defined. Dr. Hargitt thus identifies a speci men taken by Mr. Edwards off Nantucket. Sertularella tricuspidata (Alder). Nutting, 1901, p. 362; 1904, p. 100. "E. by S., Sankaty Light, 25 fathoms." Nut ting. Crab Ledge, in 16 to 19 fathoms, gravel and stones. Survey. Off Nantucket, June, 1906. (Collected by Edwards, identified by Hargitt.) Fish Hawk stations: /6o4t, 76o6f, ?6o7t- Diphasiafallax (Johnston). Nutting, 1901, p. 361; 1904, p. 109. "E. by S., Sankaty, Nantucket, 23 fathoms, V. N. E." Nutting. Abietinaria abietina (Linnaeus). Nutting, 1901, p. 362 (Sertularella abietina), 1904, p. 114. "E. by S. Sankaty Light, 20 fathoms." Nut ting. Off Nantucket, June, 1906. (Collected by Edwards, identified by Hargitt.) Hydrallmaniafakata (Linnaeus). , Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 733, 408, etc.; Nut ting, 1901, p. 364; 1904, p. 124. "Vineyard Sound, and off Gay Head, 6 to 20 fathoms." Verrill. " Common in rather deep water throughout the Woods Hole region. "- Nutting. Western part of Vineyard Sound, in 7 to 13 fathoms, on sandy Ibottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7679, ,7703, 7706, 7709, 7717, 7724, 7736. Family PLUMULARIID^E. Antennularia antennina (Linnseus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 730, 497, etc.; Nut ting, 1900, p. 69; 1901, p. 367. "Off Gay Head, 8 fathoms." Verrill. "Off Gay Head, i8X fathoms. Newport Harbor; Woods Hole (George Gray)." Nutting. ? Antennularia americana Nutting. Nutting, 1900, p. 69; 1901, p. 368. "Off Marthas Vineyard, Albatross. Waters of Rhode Island." Nutting. These records doubtfully warrant the inclusion of thit species in the present list. Monostatchas quadridens (McCrady). Nutting, 1900, p. 75; 1901, p. 365; Hargitt, 19-313, P- 394- "Dredged by the Albatross near Marthas Vin- yard. Depth 22 fathoms." Nutting. Schizotricha lenella (Verrill). [Chart 23.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 731, 407 (Plumularia tenella, sp. nov.); Nutting, 1900, p. So; 1901, p. 365; Hargitt, 19013, p. 394. "Off Gay Head, 8 to lofathoms, among ascidians; Vineyard Sound, 8 fathoms." Verrill. "Found abundantly on the piles of the wharves at Woods Hole and Vineyard Haven." Nutting. Eastern third of Vineyard Sound, 8 to 13 fathoms, gravelly bottom; Buzzards Bay, at two stations, one of these being at the head: in both cases fragments. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7526 (small piece, associ ated with Pennaria)\, 7538 bis*, 7742*, 7745*, 7748*, 7754*, 7755*, 77 6 3*; also at a 1907 repe tition of station 7538*, and at 1909 repetitions of stations 7634 and 7660. Aglaophenia minuta Fewkes. Nutting, 1900, p. 96 (not listed for this region); Hargitt, 1908, p. 109. From floating sargassum in Vineyard Sound, August 30, 1906, again in 1908. Hargitt. 574 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. lAglaophenia strifthionoides (Murray). Yen-ill and Smith, 1873, p. 730 (Aglaophenia arborea); Nutting, 1900, p. 102. "Shoals of Nantucket, 10 miles east of Sancati Head, 14 fathoms." Desor, cited by Verrill. Prof. Verrill now thinks that this species was recorded through an error, probably caused by mixing la bels, as the species has not been taken otherwise except on the Pacific coast (see Nutting, 1900). Family PETASID<B. Gonionemus muriiachii Perkins. Murbach, 1895 (Gonionemus sp.); Thompson, 1898 (Gonionemus); Nutting, 1901, p. 382 (Gonionemus Tjertens); Mayer, 1901, p. 5 (Gonionemus murbachii,nom.nov.) a ; Perkins, 1902 (Gc/nionema murbachii); Hargitt, 1904, p. 53; Mayer, 1910, p. 343,497. Abundant at Woods Hole, particularly in the Eel Pond. Recorded also from Vineyard Sound and Hadley Harbor, by Murbach; from Vineyard Haven, by Hargitt, and from Muske- get Island, by R. L. Baird. Perkins calls attention to the fact that this now abundant species was first taken in 1894. Its more familiar habitat is among eelgrass, to which it clings by its tentacles. Sexual season from July to October. Murbach. Period of maximum sexual activity from the lr middle of July to the middle of August; eggs extruded at dusk. Perkins. It has been shown by Perkins that an inconspicuous hydroid phase occurs in the life history of this species, during which asexual multiplication by budding occurs. Locally this medusa has been an important object of experimental research. It survives transportation, and Dr. Perkins has kept specimens alive for six months in aquarium jars. Family TRACHYNEMID^E. Rhopalonema typicum (Maas). Hargitt, 1904, p. 54; Mayer, 1910, p. 378 (Rho palonema -velatum). "Fragments taken in the tow in Vineyard Sound." Hargitt. Family Aglantha digitalis (Miiller). Verrill and Smith, 873, p. 725, 454 (Trachynema digitate); Fewkes, 1881, p. 160 (Trachynema Aglantha digitalis Continued. digitate); Nutting, 1901, p. 381 (Trachynema digitals); Hargitt, 19023, p. 553 (Trachynema digitate); Hargitt, 1904, p. 55 (Aglantha digi talis); Mayer, 1910, p. 402 (Aglantha digitale). "Woods Hole, July i, young specimens." Verrill. Woods Hole, March to May. C. W. Hargitt. Mr. G. T. Hargitt found sexually mature specimens in abundance, from April 5 to ii, 1908. Aglantha conica Hargitt. Hargitt, 1902, p. 21 (sp. nov.); 1904, p. 56; 1908, p. in. Off Nantucket and off Chatham, in August, 1902; Woods Hole, April 25 to 30, 1906; taken towing in 12 to 20 fathoms, likewise at sur face. Hargitt. Family GERYONIM. Liriope scutigera McCrady. Fewkes, 1881, p. 162; Hargitt, 1904, p. 56; Mayer, 1910, p. 421. Newport. Fewkes. Glossocodon tenuirostris (Agassiz). Mayer, 1900, p. 165; Hargitt, 1904, p. 57; Mayer, 1910, p. 421 (Liriope scutigera). Occasional at Newport. Mayer. Family CUNANTHID^E. Cunina discoides Fewkes. Fewkes, 1881, p. 161; Hargitt, 1904, p. 57. Occasional at Newport. Fewkes. Family PORPITID^. Porpita linnceana Lesson. Fewkes, 1880, p. 140; Hargitt, 1904, p. 59. "Occasionally taken at Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Newport, R. I., etc." Hargitt. Fewkes notes having received "a dried specimen [of Porpita } preserved on paper after the manner of a plant, taken by a sailor not far from Nantucket. Family VELELLID^E. Velella. mulica Bosc. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 737, 455; Hargitt, 1904, p. 59. "Coming northward in the Gulf Stream as far as Nantucket;" recorded for August. Verrill. "Occasionally taken in Vineyard Sound, Buz zards Bay, and off Newport." Hargitt. a The species was only named in this paper, in a footnote. No description was given. Mayer (1910) now credits the first real description to Perkins. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 575 Family MONOPHYID^E. Spharonectes gracilis (Claus). Fewkes, 1881, p. 143; Hargitt, 1904, p. 61. Newport. Fewkes. Family Diphyes bipartita Costa. Hargitt, 1904, p. 59. Often taken at Newport. Mayer. "Not infre quently drifts into the bays of the region from the Gulf Stream." Hargitt. Diphyopsis campanulifera Eschscholtz. Hargitt, 1904, p. 60. "Frequently taken in the deeper tows, particu larly south of Marthas Vineyard and in the region of Nantucket." Family AGALMID/E. Cupulita cam Agassiz). A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 200 (Nanomia cara); Fewkes, 1881, p. 163 (Agalma elegans)? Hargitt, 1904, p. 60. Newport. A. Agassiz. Family ANTHOPHYSID/E. ? Anthophysaformosa (Fewkes). Hargitt, 1904, p. 60. A single specimen taken " south of Marthas Vine yard" in the summer of 1902 (beyond limits of region?). Family PHYSALID^. Physalia pelagica Bosc. Portuguese man-of-war. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 214 (Physalia arethusa); Ver- rilland Smith, 1873, p. 737, 450; Hargitt, 1904, p. 25,61. Taken nearly every summer in Vineyard Sound, sometimes in considerable numbers; occasion ally drifting into Woods Hole Harbor. On July 7, 1904, Mr. John J. Veeder collected 78 specimens in the Sound. During some sum mers, on the contrary, none are observed. It is probable that the abundance of this species varies directly with the quantity of material which is blown to our shores from the Gulf Stream . Physa Ka has been observed locally in July, August, and September. Class SCYPHOZOA. Family Charybdea verrucosa Hargitt. Hargitt, 1902 a, p. 559, 560 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1904, p. 65. Great Harbor, Woods Hole; North Falmouth; several specimens, August 13 and 14, 1901. Family ? Bathyluca Solaris Mayer.o Mayer, 1900, p. 2 (sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1904, p. 66. Narragansett Bay; a single specimen found July 27, 1896. Latter " much torn and battered . . . may prove to be a deep-sea form." Mayer. Family Aurelia flavidula Peron & Lesueur. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 723, 449, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 172; Bumpus, 1898, p. 487; Hargitt, 1904, p. 67; Mayer, 1910, p. 623 (Au- rellia aurita). Common throughout local waters during spring and summer. Young stages recorded by sev eral observers as early as March; adults found as late as September. According to Mr. Edwards, Aurelia appears in the tow most fre quently in May. Dr. Hargitt thinks it likely A urelia flamdula Continued. that sexual reproduction occurs in summer, the resulting scyphistoma larvae remaining in that condition till the following spring, when ephyraa are produced. Family CYANEID^E. Cyanea arctica Peron & Lesueur. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 44 (Cyanea arctica), p. 46 (Cyaneafuha) Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 723, 449, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 166; Bumpus, 1898, p. 487; iSgSa; Mead, 1898, p. 705; Hargitt, 1904, p. 68; Mayer, 1910, p. 597 (Cyanea capil- lata, var. arctica). Very common throughout the region during the spring and summer. Both Mr. Edwards and Mr. Gray report the occurrence of this species from March till September. About a dozen specimens, several inches in diameter, were taken in a fyke net by Mr. Edwards, February 28, 1908. Ripe eggs reported by Bumpus in May and early June, by Hargitt in July. The early stages may readily be reared in aquaria. Verrill and Mead note the occurrence of ephyrae in April. a Mayer (1910, p. 585) now thinks that the type of this species (?) was probably a "damaged and regenerating specimen" of Dactylo-melra quinquecirra. 16269 Bull. 31, pt 213 3 .576 BULLETIN OK THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Dactylometra quinquecirra (Desor). A. Agassiz; 1865, p. 48; Yen-ill and Smith, 1873, p. 724, 449, etc.; Fewkes, 1881, p. 173; 1882, p. 293; Hargitt, 1904, p. 69; Mayer, 1910, p. 585- Common in local waters throughout the summer. Reported as early as May (Edwards), as late as October (Gray). Pelagia cyanella Peron & Lesueur. Hargitt, 1904, p. 70; Mayer, 1910, p. 574- " Southward from Marthas Vineyard in the region of the Gulf Stream;" 2 specimens. Dr. Har gitt believes this species should be retained in the local list. Clas, ACTINOZOA. Family ALCYONIID^. Alcyonium carneum Agassiz. [Chart 24.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 737, 497, etc.; Sum- ner, 1910, fig. 14. "Off Cuttyhunk Island, 10 to 15 fathoms; off Gay Head , 8 to 10 fathoms. Verrill . Western end of Vineyard Sound and mouth of Buzzards Bay; Crab Ledge; dredged in 7 to 19 fathoms, most commonly on gravelly or stony bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7572 (many pieces), 7582 (i piece), 7587 (few small pieces), 7588 (2 small pieces), 7595 (few pieces), 7603 (few small pieces)f, 7605 (i small piece), 7606 (i piece)f, 7670 (i clump), 7689 (few pieces), 7690, 7704 (i large clump), 7718 (i clump), 7719(1 clump), 7721 (considerable quantities). Supplement ary station (1909): 7670. Phalarope stations: 36 (few pieces), 60 (several). Family GORGONIID^E. ? Pterogorgia gracilis Verrill. A fragment of a gorgonid believed at the time to have been taken in Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7568 has been assigned to this species by Prof. Nutting. It seems very prob able that the specimen came from waters far beyond the limits of the region, having, per haps, become entangled in the meshes of the dredge net during some earlier collecting trip. Family CBRIANTHID^. Cerianthas americanus Verrill. Mr. G. M. Gray reports the rare occurrence of a Cerianthus in the Eel Pond, just inside the outlet; also just outside the latter; once at Ram Island. Dr. Hargitt, who has examined specimens taken locally, informs us that they are to be assigned to the species here named. Family ZOANTHID^E. Epizoanthus americanus Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 740, 510. Deeper waters off shore. Dredged by the Fish Hawk south of Marthas Vineyard in 28 and 29 fathoms. Not taken in the Sound or Bay, and not strictly to be included in the fauna of this region. Commonly found upon the shells of hermit crabs, though Verrill records its occur rence on rocks. Family EDWARDSIID. Edwardsia elegans Verrill. West Falmouth. Hargitt. Ram Island. Gray. According to Mr. Gray, this anemone is fairly common in suitable localities, living in the sand at the roots of eelgrass, where it may be taken by digging. Edwardsia farinacea Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 739, 451. "On the soft muddy bottom off Gay Head, in 19 fathoms, " one specimen. Edwardsia leidyi Verrill. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 23 (here mentioned as an unknown "worm"); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 437 (citing Agassiz) Verrill, 1898 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and adjacent waters, of very varia ble abundance. The young is parasitic in the ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi; it is believed by Verrill and others that the animal becomes free living in later life, but its history is not known at present. On November 13, 1907, the ctenophores, with their contained parasites, were so numerous in Buzzards Bay that the latter organisms were at times very conspicuous as one looked down from the deck of the Phalarope. Sumner. On the other hand, the Edwardsia is not always com mon when Mnemiopsis is present in abundance .- BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 577 Edu-ardsia lineata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 739, 497, etc. (sp. nov.). "Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head, 6 to 12 fathoms, among ascidians, annelid tubes, etc., abundant." Verrill. This species at present is certainly not generally distributed nor very common in local waters. It has not been re corded from the survey dredgings. Family ILYANTHID^. Eloactis producta (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 738, 330, etc. (Halo- campa producta). Naushon; Marthas Vineyard; Nantucket. Ver rill. Katama Bay ("North Pond"), abundant August 14, 1906. Osburn. West Falmouth, North Falmouth, Hadley Harbor, Kettle Cove. G. M. Gray. Muskeget Island. This is a burrowing species, which conceals itself in gravel or sand, only the distal end pro truding from the surface. Family ANTHEID^S. Anemonia sargassensis Hargitt. Hargitt, 1908, p. 117 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound on floating sargassum. Re corded on October 15 and 16, 1905, and August 30, 1906. From its abundance on some of these dates, it seems likely that the species may have been present on many others. Family SAGARTIID<. Cvlista leucolena (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 738, 329, etc. (Sa- gartia leucolena). Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Vineyard Haven at New York Yacht Club pier; Nobska Point,* on rocks, below low water. A common species, having a littoral habitat. Sagartia Incite Verrill. Verrill, 1898, p. 493 (sp. nov.); Parker, 1902, P. 491- This species is now the most abundant actinian of the region and is of general occurrence lit- torally, growing on stones, living mussels, rock-weed, etc., often in great profusion. It is, however, a very recent immigrant, having been first observed at Woods Hole by W. R. Coe in 1808. S. lucias was noticed for the Sagartia IUCICE Continued. first time by Prof. Verrill at New Haven in 1892, and is believed by him to have been introduced into that region upon oysters, which are annually brought from the South and planted in Long Island Sound. According to Parker, the species migrated eastward from New Haven and northward to Salem, Mass., within a period of 10 years. Sagartia modesla Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 738, 330, etc. "Naushon Island; low water, buried in sand or gravel." Verrill. Local bathing beach, on Buzzards Bay, between tidesor at low water. Hargitt. An uncommon species locally. Metridium dianihus (Ellis). [Chart 25.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 738, 329 (M. mar- ginatum); Mead, 1898, p. fo^(M.inarginatum). As a littoral species, common and widely dis tributed in local waters, occurring on stones, piles, etc., at or below low-water mark. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout the length of Vineyard Sound; sev eral stations at Crab Ledge; none in Buzzards Bay; 4 to 25 fathoms, on mud-free bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (i), 7526 (r), 7532 (i), 7544 (0, 7558 (i). 75 6 ( 2 lar S e ). 7565 (i). 7572 (2), 7588 (2), 7595 (i), 7603 (several small), 7605 (3 large), 7606, 7608 (6 large), 7609 (i small), 7693 (3), 7721 (very many), 7725, 7742 (i), 7743 (i). Phalarope station: 77 (i). The reproductive period of this anemone appears to occur during the summer. Dr. Mead notes that Metridium "was found to be full of eggs, apparently nearly mature," on April 18 (1898), while Dr. F. R. Lillie (Marine Biological Lab oratory card catalogue) records the presence of ova and sperm on June 20 (1889). Family Tealia crassicornis (Miiller). Crab Ledge. Hargitt. Vineyard Soimd? Sumner. A specimen, believed to be of this species, from the last-mentioned place, was taken in the vicinity of Gay Head by the Fish Hawk in August, 1907. Unfortunately it was devoured by hermit crabs before it could be carefully examined. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 578 Family Astrangia dance Agassiz. [Chart 26.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 740, 330, etc. Abundant and generally distributed throughout the greater part of Vineyard Sound and Buz zards Bay, though scarce or lacking over a considerable area at the outer end of the Sound ; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on all sorts of bot toms. Survey. Likewise frequent on piles of Bureau of Fisheries pier in Woods Hole Harbor, and doubtless in similar places else where. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (many living), 7522 bis (many living and dead), 7523 (few), 7523 bis (many living), 7527 (few), 7530 bis (few living colonies), 7531 bis (i living colony), 7532 (several), 7533 (few), 7534 (few), 7534 bis (few living), 7535 (few), 7535 bis (few living), 7537 (many), 7538, 7538 bis (several living colonies), 7539 (numerous), 7539 bis (i small colony), 7543 (i dead piece), 7544 (few dead), 7545 (many), 7545 bis (several), 7546 (few living), 7546 bis (several dead colonies), 7547 (few), 7547 bis (few dead colonies), 7549 (many), 7549 bis (several living colonies), 7550 (few dead), 7551 (few dead), 7554 (several dead pieces), 7556 bis (2 dead colonies), 7561 (i dead colony), 7563 (few dead), 7565 bis (i small living col ony), 7567 (i dead piece), 7572 (many living), 7574 (i dead piece), 7587 (i dead piece), 7595 (i living), 7612 (i living colony), 7613 (several living colonies), 7614 (2 dead colonies), 7615 (several small dead pieces), 7619 (i small dead colony), 7620 (pieces on Cliona), 7621 (few small dead colonies), 7624 (few small dead col onies), 7626 (several colonies), 7627 (i dead colony), 7628 (few small pieces), 7630 (few small dead colonies), 7631 (small dead pieces), 7632 (few clumps), 7639 (i living colony, few dead), 7640 (i small dead colony), 7643 (2 small dead colonies), 7644 (few dead colonies), 7645 (i small dead colony), 7648 (few small dead colonies), 7655 (very little), 7659 (2 small dead colonies), 7660 (numerous colonies, dead and living), 7665 (i small dead piece), 7666 (few dead pieces), 7670 (few small colonies, living and dead), 7671 (few dead colonies), 7672 (i small living mass), 7673 (considerable living), 7689 (i small living piece), 7694 (i small dead piece), 7703 (i small dead colony), 7732 (much, living and dead), 7734 (i small a This species is figured by Vaughan (Bull, Astrangia dance Continued. dead colony), 7737 (several living colonies), 7738 (several small living colonies), 7746 (i living colony), 7747 (little), 7748 (i living colony), 7753 (several colonies, living and dead), 7754 (little living), 7755 (few small liv ing), 7756 (many living colonies), 7764 (i dead colony), 7767 (very little, dead), 7768 (i small living colony), 7769 (little dead), 7770 (many small living colonies), 7771 (i dead colony), 7772 (i dead colony), 7773 (several living colo nies), 7774 (few colonies), 7775 (many small living colonies) 7776 (few small dead colonies), 7777 (little), 7778 (few small living colonies), 7780 (little), 7781 (i dead colony and i small living), 7783 (very little living). Supplemen tary stations (1909): 7624 (several living colo nies), 7629 (i dead), 7648 (several living colo nies), 7657 (2 small living), 7659 (several living colonies), 7660 (several living and dead), 7668 (i dead colony), 7670 (several living), 7672 (i dead colony). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (few liv ing), 3 (several dead), 5 (many living and dead), 6 (many living and dead), 7 (many liv ing on shells), 9 (living), 10 (pieces), n (com mon), 12 (few), 13 (considerable quantity), 14 (few), 15 (common), 16 (2 pieces), 20 (few), 21 (few), 22 (few), 24 (few), 25 (few), 27 (few dead), 28 (few), 35(1 dead colony), 36 (few living), 39 (i dead piece), 65 (2 dead), 66 (i dead), 69 (i small mass), 80, 81 (i living, pieces), 83 (several small), 84, 85 (living), 86, 87, 91, 92, 96, 108, no, 113, 114 (few), 117 (dead and i living), 120 (dead), 121 (dead), 127 (dead), 128 (living), 131, 132, 134 (few colonies), 138 (i living col ony), 140 (few), 141 (few living and dead), 144 (i dead colony), 145 (few living), 148 (several living), 150 (many), 153 (i dead colony), 165 (few dead), 166 (? small dead), 167 (i living colony). Supplementary stations (1909): 83 (i dead), 131 (i living). Family f Orbicella acropora (Linnseus). Four large water- worn pieces , which have been re ferred to this species by Dr. Hargitt, were found along the beach north of Nobska Point, at con siderable distances from one another. It is quite unlikely that this coral lives in these waters, but the record is worth entering. It may have been used as ballast by some vessel . U. S. Fish Commission for 1900. pi. vr-vn). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 579 Class CTENOPHORA. Family MERTENSHD^. Mertensia o-oum (Fabricius). Hargitt, 1904, p. 71. "Only rarely taken at Woods Hole." Family PLEUROBRACHIID^E. Pleurobrachia pileus (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 722, 444, etc. (Pleu robrachia rhododactyla); Bumpus, 1898; Hargitt, 1904, p. 71. Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole Harbor, etc.; sometimes abundant. This species has been reported by various local observers for every month in the year. According to Mr. Ed- wards s towing records it has been taken most frequently in April. With eggs, May, 1890. J. P. McMurrich, in Ma rine Biological Labora ory card catalogue. Family LESUEURIID^. Lesueuria hyboptera Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 23; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 722, 454; Hargitt, 1904, p. 72. Newport. Agassiz. Woods Hole. Hargitt. Recorded for September by Verrill, for Decem ber and January (?) by Hargitt. Family BOLINID^E. Bolina alata Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 15 (no definite local records); Verrill, 1875, p. 42; Hargitt, 1904, p. 72. Newport. Agassiz, cited by Verrill. "Seldom found at Woods Hole." Hargitt. Family MNEMIID^E. Mnemiolpsis leidyi Agassiz. A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 20; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 722, 449; Fewkes, 1881, p. 173; 1882, p. 291; Bumpus, 1898; Hargitt, 1904, p. 72. Scarce to very abundant throughout the waters of the region. Recorded by various local ob servers for every month of the year. Accord ing to Mr. Ed wards stowing records Mnemiop- sis has been taken most frequently in Septem ber and December. This ctenophore is of very irregular occurrence . During some summers it is enormously abundant everywhere in local waters, but in other summers (e. g., that of 1904) it may not be observed at all. Periods of extreme abundance may likewise occur in winter. (See note under Edwardsia leidyi, p. 576.) Family CESTID^. Cestus -veneris Lesueur. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 723; Hargitt, 1904, p. 73- Fragments of a single specimen taken at New port. Hargitt, citing A. Agassiz. Family BEROID.B. Beroe oiiala Bosc. Hargitt, 1904, p. 73. " Common at Woods Hole in 1901, though seldom taken in any considerable numbers." Beroe cucumis Fabricius. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 723, 454, etc. (Idyia roseola); Hargitt, 1904, p. 73. "Off Gay Head, not common"; taken in Sep tember. Verrill. Off Crab Ledge in 1902. Hargitt. Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES. Class TURBELLARIA. Family PLANOCERID^. Stylochus zebra Verrill. Verrill, i892b, p. 463. Great Harbor; on piles, and on shore, at low- water mark; likewise dredged in 10 to 12 fathoms Verrill. Tarpaulin Cove. Curtis. This spe cies sometimes lives commensally, within the shell occupied by a hermit crab. Verrill, W. C. Curtis (MS.). Eustylochus ellipticits (Girard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 632, 325 (Stylo- chopsis littoralis); Verrill, iSgab, p. 463. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Newport; common in shallow water and between tides, under stones and in tide pools, likewise on piles. Verrill. Large clusters of eggs were found July 12. 5 8o BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OK FISHERIES. Planocera inquilina Wheeler. Wheeler, 18943, p. 195-201 (sp. nov.); Verrill, 1895. P- 534. Wheeler writes: " In all I have opened about 100 adult specimens of Sycotypus [Busycon canali- culatum], and in the branchial chamber of nearly every individual from one to six of the Planocerae were found. " Planocera nebulosa Girard. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 632, 325; Verrill, i&gzb, p. 472. Woods Hole, in 1886, under stones near low- water mark; not common; most specimens immature. Sometimes found living in the burrows occupied by Cerebratulus lacteus. Coe. Imagine oculifera Girard. Verrill rSgzb, p. 475. Quisset Harbor, September 4, 1882, on sandy bottom in 4 or 5 fathoms of water. Family LEPTOPLANID/E. Leptoplana -variabilis (Girard). Verrill, i892b, p. 480. Vineyard Sound, off Cuttyhunk, on telegraph cable. Trigonoporus folium Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 632, 487 (Leptoplana folium, sp. nov.); Verrill, i892b, p. 487. Off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fathoms; off Gay Head, in 18 fathoms; outer rocky shores, creeping on the under surface of stones. Discocelis mutabilis Verrill. Verrill, i8g2b, p. 493. Young specimens, believed to belong to this species, taken at Woods Hole in the tow net. Family EURYLEPTIDN. Eurylepta maculosa Verrill. Verrill, i8p2b, p. 495 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, on piles, July 14, 1881; in mud, August 2, 1882; Naushon Id., at low-water mark, among algse, August 20, 1887. Family PROTHIOSTOMID/B. Prothiostomum gracile Girard. Verrill, i892b, p. 496. Woods Hole, July 25, 1886. Family Bdelloura Candida Girard. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 634, 460; Verrill, 1892 b, p. 499; Wheeler, 1894. Very common on the gill plates and on the legs of Limulus polyphemus. Egg capsules often found in considerable num bers on gills of host. Eggs laid throughout the summer and as late as October. Verrill. Bdelloura propinqua Wheeler. Wheeler, 1894; Verrill, 1895, p. 534. Found on the basal portions of the gill lamellae of Limuhis polyphemus. Eggs laid in elongated capsules, attached by stalks to the host. W. C. Curtis, MS. Synccelidium pellucidum Wheeler. Wheeler, 1894, p. 167-194 (sp. nov.); Verrill, l8 95. P- 534- Occurs on the gills of Limulus pfflyphemus. Elongated egg capsules are deposited during the summer upon the gill lamellae of the host, near their edge. Wheeler, Curtis. Family PLANARIID/E. Procerodes warrenii (Girard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 633 (Fovia Warrenii and Planaria grisea); Verrill, i8g2b, p. 504 (Fotiia affinis); Wilhemi, 1908, p. 4. Specimens believed to be of this species found by Verrill at Woods Hole, among eelgrass. " Woods Hole and neighborhood . . . sum mer, 1907." Wilhelmi. Procerodes wheatlandi Girard. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 633; Verrill, 1892 b, p. 506 (Procerodes uivce): Wilhelmi, 1908, p. 3. Newport, Woods Hole; "found near low-water mark under stones, and in tide pools, among algae." Verrill. Cuttyhunk, Newport, Buz zards Bay. Wilhelmi. Family CONVOLUTION. Aphanostoma diversicolor Oersted. Verrill, 1892 b, p. 509; Graff, 1911, p. 326. Newport, July 29, 1880, among algas at low-water mark. Verrill. Fairly common on Ulva in Eel Pond and Little Harbor. Graff . Aphanostoma aurantiacum Verrill. Verrill, i892b, p. 509 (sp. nov.). Newport, July 29, 1880, among algae at low-water mark (only provisionally referred to this genus). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 581 Polychoerus caudatus Mark. Mark, 1892 p. 298; Verrill, 1892!}, p. 511; Gar diner, 1895, p. 155; Bumpus, 1898 b, p. 856: Graff, 1911, p. 326. Woods Hole Harbor, Hadley Harbor. Mark. Newport, Woods Hole; found "especially in sheltered harbors, adhering to eelgrass (Zos- terd) and creeping over the vegetable debris, shells, etc., on the bottom in shallow water, where it is often extremely abundant." Verrill. "Northwest Gutter," near Hadley Harbor. Gardiner. On Ufoa in Little Harbor Polychoerus caudatus Continued. and eelgrass in front of Breakwater Hotel. Graff. Mark records finding egg-capsules of this species on dead shells and stones in Woods Hole Harbor. J. P. McMurrich (in Marine Biologi cal Laboratory card catalogue) notes their presence on Pecten shells, July 15 (1890). E. G. Gardiner (cited by Bumpus) found the eggs from June 6 to August 25, and noted that "the eggs are deposited at night in transparent gelatinous capsules." The paper of Graff (1911), recording a considerable number of turbellarians, many of them new to science, which were taken at Woods Hole and vicinity, appeared too late to allow of our including Graff s list except as an appendix to our own. These added species are accordingly arranged serially, without relation to those previously listed. One of them, Graffilla gemellipara, had been described by Dr. Linton in 1910. Anaperus gardineri Graff. 1911, p. 327 (sp. nov.). In beds of Uha and eel-grass, burrowing in the sand; taken with Polychcerus caudatus, but far less common. Childia spinosa Graff. 1911, p. 341 (sp. nov.). Juniper (Butlers) Point, in ^ to i fathom of water, on Laminaria; Little Harbor, at ebb tide, on Uha; about a dozen specimens taken. tStenostomum coluber Leydig. 1911, p. 348. Doubtfully identified by Graff among material taken by Child and Wilhelmi from a brackish pond at Falmouth, under stones. Microstomum davenporti Graff. 1911, p. 349 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond and breakwater, on Uha. Prorhynchus stagnates Schultze. 1911, p. 351. Brackish ponds at Falmouth, under stones; a number taken by Graff. Graffilla gemellipara Linton. Linton, 1910, p. 371 (sp. nov.); Graff, 1911, p. 351; Patterson, 1912, p. 173. Discovered by Linton at Woods Hole, in the ribbed mussel Gladiolus demissus, from the gills of which the parasites were washed. According to Linton, this species is especially numerous in mussels exposed to rather free tidal currents, being absent from those taken in confined coves. Patterson finds evidence that the parasite inhabits the kidneys of the host, rather than the gills. He has taken it in abundance during the latter part of June and the latter part of August, finding it to be rare in the intermediate period. Dalyellia dodgei Graff. 1911, p. 354 (sp. nov.). This and the two following species were taken by Graff in the brackish pond behind the Episco pal Church at Falmouth. Dalyellia rossi Graff. J 9". P- 359 (sp- nov.). Dalyellia mohicana Graff. 1911, p. 362 (sp. nov.). Proxenetes modestus Graff. 1911, p. 374 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond, 5 specimens found by Graff. Promesostoma marmoratum r.udum Graff. 1911, p. 375 (var. nov.). Woods Hole, on Ulva, 3 specimens. Trigonostomutti -iitarki Graff. 1911, p. 380 (sp. nov.). Little Harbor, on Uha; Red Ledge, among Zostera; several specimens. Woodsholia lilliei Graff. 1911, p. 381 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, very common, being taken in Eel Pond, Little Harbor, Grassy Island, and Red Ledge, on Zostera. Phonorhynchus helgolandicus (Meczn.). 1911, p. 385. Eel Pond, Grassy Island, Red Ledge, Junipei (Butlers) Point; one of the commonest species. Gyratrix hermaphroditus maculata Graff. 1911, p. 388 (var. nov.). Woods Hole, in salt marsh near Gardiner cottage. 5 82 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Plagiostomum stellatum Graft. 1911, p. 393 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond, Red Ledge, and Grassy Island, fairly abundant on Zostera. Plagiostomum morgani Graff. 1911, p. 395 (sp. nov.). Found by Graff at Eel Pond and Juniper (But lers Point.) Plagiostomum wilsoni Graff. 1911, p. 396 (sp. nov.). Grassy Island and Little Harbor, on Ulva; one of the commonest species. Plagiostomum whitmani Graff. 1911, p. 397 (sp. nov.). Little Harbor, on Ulva, 10 specimens. Monoophorum triste Graff. 1911, p. 401 (sp. nov.). Grassy Island and Juniper (Butlers) Point, 3 specimens. Monocelis fusca Oersted. 1911, p. 408. Eel Pond, especially under bridge. Monocelis wilhelmii Graff. 1911, p. 410 (sp. nov.). Red Ledge, collected by Dr. Wilhelmi. Myrmeciplana elegans Graff. 1911, p. 410 (sp. nov.). Falmouth, in brackish water, collected Dr. Wilhelmi. by Claw TREMATODA. Dactylocotyle denticulatum (Olsson). Linton, 1900, p. 286 (Octobothrium denticulatum); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 474- From gills of Pollachius wrens (locality not stated). Dermocystis ctenolabri Stafford. Ryder, 1884, p. 37; Linton, 1900, p. 281, 296; 1901, p. 462, 463. (By both writers referred to as an unidentified trematode). Immature stages encysted in the skin of the cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) and the tau- tog (Tauloga onitis), often in such numbers as to give the fish a spotted appearance. The adult has been found in abundance by Dr. Linton in the intestine of a loon (Gauia immer) captured at Woods Hole in 1911. Diclidophora affinis Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 511 (Octo plenum affine, sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 482. From mouth of Paralichtkys dentatus. Dionchus agassizi Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 286 (sp. nov.). From the gills of Remora brachyplera, Newport. Diplostomum sp. Linton, 1901, p. 415. 44 2 > 47 1 - Undetermined species, referable to this genus, found in liver of Fundulus heteroclitus (cysts), and in intestine of Prionotus carolinus. Distomum appendiculatum Rudolphi. Linton, 1900, p. 289; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Achirus fascialus (intestine), Anchoiiia brownii, Brevoortia tyrannus (intestine), Clu- panodon pseudohispanicus, Clupea harengus (intestine), Cynoscionregalis (intestine), Decap- terus macarellus (intestine), Microgadus tomcod (intestine), Myoxocephalus aneus (intestine), Distomum appendiculatum Continued. Paralichthys dentatus (intestine), Pomolobus mediocris (stomach and pylorus), Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Prionotus carolinus (intes tine), Pseudopleuronectes americanus (intes tine), Scomber scombrus, Stenotomus chrysops, Trachurops crumenophthalmus, Urophycis chuss (intestine). Distomum areolatum Rudolphi. Linton, 1900, p. 293; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Menticirrhus saxatilis, Morone americana (intestine), Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Tautogolabrus adspersus (intestine). Common. Distomum bothryophoron Olsson. Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Clupea harengus, Pomolobus pseudoharen gus. Distomum claiiatum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 539; Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Hosts: Thunnus thynmis, Xiphias gladius (stomach). Distomum contortum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 528; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 466. From intestine of Mola mola. Distomum dentalum Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 294 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P- 415. 483. From intestine of Paralichthys dentatus (few). Distomum fenestratum Linton. From Brevoortia tyrannus. Dislomum fcecundum Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 289 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 4I5.47 2 - From intestine of Lo pholatilus chamceleonticeps, one specimen. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Distomum foliatum Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 532 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 466. From intestine of Mo la mo la. Distomum fragile Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 295 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 466. From intestine of Alola mola, several. Distomum globiporum Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 486. Hosts: Centropristes striatus, Menticirrhus saxa- tilis, PseudopUuronectes americanus (intestine). Distomum grandiporum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 520; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa (stomach), Paralichthys dentatus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (intes tine). Distomum gulosum Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 454 (sp. nov.). Hosts: Poronotus triacanthus, Scomber scombrus. Distomum hispidum Abilgaard. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 478. 1 From intestine of Urophycis tenuis. Distomum lageniforme Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 524 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P- 415. 473- From intestine of Remora remora. Distomum macrocotyle Diesing. Linton, 1898, p. 522; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Mo la mo la (intestine); Myliobatis fremin- I illei (stomach). Distomum monticellii Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 518 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Cynoscion regalis, Gymnosarda alleterata, Paralichthys dentatus (intestine), Pomatomus saltatrix (intestine), Remora remora (intestine). Distomum nigrescens Olsson. From Lophius piscatorhis. Linton, MS. Distomum nigroflavum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 530; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 466. From intestine of Mola mola. t Distomum nitens Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 534 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 443. From intestine of Tylosurus acus. Distomum ocreatum (Molin). Linton, 1898, p. 514; Linton, 1900, p. 288; Lin ton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa, Clupeaharengus, Gadus callarias, Lopholatihis cham&leonticeps (intes tine), Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Micro- gadus tomcod, Pollachius wens (stomach), Pomatomus saltatrix (intestine), Urophycis chuss (intestine). Distomum pallens Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 526; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 464. From intestine of Alutera schoepfii. Distomum polyorchis Stossich. Linton, 1901, p. 415, 460. From intestine of Cynoscion regalis. Distomum pudens Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 290 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, 482. Host: Paralichthys dentatus (a large number taken). Distomum pyriforme Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 292 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Cynoscion regalis (intestine), Menticirrhus saxatilis (intestine), Palinurichthys perciformis (intestine and pyloric cceca, enormous num bers), Sarda sarda. ? Distomum rachion Cobbold. Linton, 1898, p. 538; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 476. Hosts: Gadus callarias, l\Ielanogrammus cegle- Jinus. Distomum simp lex Rudolphi . Linton, 1898, p. 525; Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Gasterosteus aculeahis, Hemitripterus amer icanus (intestine), Leptocephalus conger, Li- mandaferruginea (intestine ) , Microgadus tomcod (intestine). Distomum lenue Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 535 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 415. etc. Hosts: Roccus lineatus, Opsanus tau (intestine). Distomum tenue tenuissime Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 536; Linton, 1901, p. 415, 456. From peritoneum of Morone americana. Distomum tornatum Rudolphi. Linton, 1898, p. 513 (Distomum tornatum), p. 515 (D. rufoviridc); Linton, 1901, p. 415, etc. Hosts: Coryphaena hippunts, Fundulus hetero- clitus, Roccus lineatus (intestine), Menidia menidia notala, Opsanus tau. a From the Gulf Stream, and thus not strictly within the region comprised in the present report. 584 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OK FISHERIES. Distomum iialdeinflatum Stossich. Linton, 1898, p. 527; Linton, 1901, p. 416, etc. Hosts : A lutera schoepfii (capsules in peritoneum) , Menidia menidia notata (cysts in liver and body cavity), Opsanus tail, Spheroides maculatus. Distomum veliporum Creplin. Linton, 1898, p. 521; Linton, 1901, p. 416, 431. From stomach of Raja lamis. Distomum vibex Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 291 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 416, 464. From Balistes Ttetula and Spheroides maculalus (intestine and pharynx). Distomum -uitellosum Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 290 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 416, etc. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa, Brevoortia tyrannus, Clupea harengus, Cynoscion regalis (intestine), Decapterus macarelhis, Leptocephalus conger (intestine), Limanda ferruginea (intestine), Lophopsetta maculala, Menticirrhus saxatilis (intestine), Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Microgadus tomcod, Morone americana, Para- lichthys dentatus (intestine), Paralichthys ob- longus, Pomatomus saltatrix (alimentary canal), Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Prionotus caro- linus, Pseudopleuronectes amcricanus (intes tine), Sarda sarda (intestine), Scomber scom- brus, Spheroides maculatus (intestine), Steno- tomus chrysops, Tautoga onitis, Tautogolabrus adspersus (intestine). Distomum, sp. sp. (unidentified). Species referable to this genus, but not deter- minable owing to immaturity or other reasons, were found by Dr. Linton in the following hosts : Achirus fasciatus, Alutera schoepfii, Anchovia brownii, Anguilla chrysypa, Brevoortia tyrannus, Carangus crysos, Enchelyopus cimbrius (intes tine), Fundulus heteroclitus (intestine), Gadus callarias (encysted under skin), Gasterosteus aculeatus, Lagocephalus Icemgatus (intestine), Limanda ferruginea (intestine), Melanogram- mus ceglefinus, Menidia menidia notata, Menticirrhus saxatilis (intestine), Microgadus tomcod (encysted under skin), Morone ameri cana (encysted ova in liver), Myoxocephalus aeneus, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, Op sanus tau (intestine), Palinurichthys perci- formis, Paralichthys dentatus, Paralichthys oblongus, Pomatomus saltatrix, Poronotus tria canthus, Prionotus carolinus (intestine), Pri onotus strigatus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (on viscera and in intestinal walls), Ptero- phryne histrio, Scomberomorus maculatus (cysts in intestinal wall), Seriola lalandi, Stenotomus chrysops, Tautoga onitis, Tautogolabrus adsper sus, Trichiurus lepturus. Epibdella bumpusii Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 286 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P- 414, 433- An external parasite on Dasyatis centrura. See Linton, 1900, p. 287, for an interesting account of egg formation in this species. Epibdella hippoglossi Mtiller. From Hippoglossus hippoglossus. Gasterostomum arcuatum Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 297 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 416, etc. Hosts: Brevoortia tyrannus, Carcharhinus obscurus (spiral valve), Sarda sarda (pylorus, stomach, intestine, pyloric cceca). Gasterostomum ovatum Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 541 (Monostomum orbiculare); Linton, 1900, p. 297 (Gasterostomum ovatum, sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 416, 457. From intestine of Lobotes surinamensis . Gasterostomum sp. Linton, 1901, p. 416, 442, 447. Undetermined species referable to this genus were taken from Menidia menidia notata, Scomberomorus maculatus (intestine, common), Seriola lalandi, and from Tylosurus marinus. ? Hexacotyle thynni (De la Roche). Linton, 1901, p. 414, 446. One specimen taken from mouth of Sarda sarda, August 7, 1900. Microcotyle hiatulte Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 281 (sp. nov.). From gills of Tautoga onitis, Newport. Microcotyle longicauda Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 282 (sp. nov.). From gills of Cynoscion regalis, Newport. Microcotyle pomatomi Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 279 (sp. nov.). From gills of Pomatomus saltatrix, Newport. Microcotyle slenotomi Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 279 (sp. nov.). From gills of Stenotomus chrysops, Newport. Microcotyle sp. Linton, 1901, p. 414, 451. Hosts: Cynoscion regalis, Pomatomus saltatrix (external), Poronotus triacanthus, Tylosurus marinus. Monostomum mnal-ed-wardsii Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 416, 470 (sp. nov.). Internal parasite of Opsanus tau, numerous. Monostomum sp. Linton, 1901, p. 416, 439. Hosts: Pomolobus pseudoharengus, Poronotus triacanthus. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 585 Nematobothrium, sp. undet. From gills of Sarda sarda. Nitzschia elongata (Nitzsch). Linton, 1898, p. 508 (Nitzschia igoi, p. 414, 435. Found tinder the opercles and sturio. elegans); Linton, gills of Acipenser Nitzschia papillosa Linton. Linton, 1898, p. 508 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 47- From gills of Gadus callarias. Octocotyle major Goto. Goto, 1900, p. 274 (sp. nov.=O. scombri (Kuhn), pars). From mackerel, off Newport. Tristomum coccineum (Cuvier). Linton, 18983, p. 509; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 448. From gills of Xiphias gladius. Tristomum lave Verrill. Linton, 18983, p. 509; Linton, rgoi, p. 414, 445. From gills of Gymnosarda pelamys. This fish was taken "south of Marthas Vineyard" Aug. 18, 1886 (perhaps not within the limits of the region). Tristomum mola Blanchard. Linton, 18983, p. 510 (Tristomum rudolphianum); Linton, 1901, p. 414, 466. From skin and gills of Mola mala. Tristomum papillosum Diesing. From Xiphias gladius. Class CESTODA. Acanthobothrium coronatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 411, 431. From intestinal wall of Raja laruis. Acanthobothrium paulum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 816 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Dasyatis centrura (spiral valve), Mylio- batisfreminvillei, Raja eglanteria. Anthobothrium laciniatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 754 (sp. nov.); Linton, i897a, p. 439; Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Prionace glauca, Carcharhinus milberti (spiral valve), Carcharhinus obscurus (spiral valve), Isurus dekayi (spiral valve), Raja eglanteria, Sphyrna zygcena (spiral valve). Anthobothrium pulvinatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 759 (sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 439; Linton, 1901, p. 411, 432. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Anthocephalum gracile Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 794 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 411, 433. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Calliobothrium eschriclitii Beneden. Linton, 1890, p. 812; Linton, 18973, p. 447; Lin ton, 1901, p. 411, 425. From spiral valve of Alustelus canis (very rare). Calliobothrium verticillatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1889, p. 476; Linton, 1890, p. 810; Lin ton, 18973, p. 447; Linton, 1901, p. 411, 425. From spiral valve of Mustelus canis (abundant) also recorded from Squalus acanthias. Calyptrobothrium minus Linton. Linton, 19073, p. 279 (sp. nov.). From intestine of Tetronarce occidentalis . Calyptrobothrium occidental Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 298 (sp. nov.: at this time not distinguished from C. minus, described later); Linton, 1901, p. 411, 432; Linton, 19073^.276. From spiral valve of Tetronarce occidentalis. Crossobothrium angustum Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 468 (Orygmatobolhrium angus tum, sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 796 (0. angus tum); Linton, 18973, p. 443 (O. angustum); Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti (spiral vslve), Car charhinus obscurus (spiral valve), Carcharios littoralis, Galeocerdo tigrinus, Prionace glauca. Crossobothrium laciniatum Linton. Lintou, 1889, p. 470 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 799; Linton, 18973, p. 445; Linton, 1901, p. 411, 429. From stomach 3nd intestine of Carcharias lit toralis (very abundant). Dibothrium alutera Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 458 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 411, 464. From intestine of Alutera schoepfii; 104 speci mens tsken from a single fish. Dibothrium angustatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Porono- tus triacanthus. Dibothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa, Hippoglossus hippu- glossus, Merluccius bilinearis (intestine), Po- matomus saltatrix. Dibothrium ligula Donnadieu. Linton, 1901, p. 411, 441. Host : Osmerus mordax. 5 86 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OK FISHERIES. Dibothrium manubrijorme Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 456 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 728; Linton, 18973, p. 429; Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Istiophorus nigricans (intestine), Tetrap- terus imperator (intestine). Dibothrium microcephalum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1890, p. 736; Linton, 1901, p. 411, 465. From intestine of Mola mola (common). Dibothrium plicatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1890, p. 746; Linton, 18973, p. 430; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 448. From intestine of Xiphias gladius. Dibothrium punctatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1890, p. 731; Linton, 18973, p. 430; Linton, 1901, p. 411, etc. Hosts: Decapterus punctatus, Hemitripterus americanus , Hippoglossushippoglossus, Liman- daferruginea (intestine), Lophopsetta maculata (intestine), Myoxocephalus aineus, Myoxocepha- lus oclodecimspinosus, Palinurichthys percifor- mis, Paralichthys dentatus , Paralichthys oblongus (intestine), Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Scomber scombrus (intestine), Trachurops cru- menophthalmus, Urophycis chuss. Dibothrium restiforme Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 722 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 4H. 443- From intestine of Tylosurus acus. Dibothrium rugosum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1890, p. 750; Linton, 18973, p. 431; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 476. Hosts: Gadus callarias (pyloric cceca), Melano- grammus csglefinus, Microgadus tomcod, Uro phycis tenuis. Dibothrium sp. Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Undetermined species of this genus found in spiral valve of Mustelus cants, and larvae in Alutera schoepfii, Carangus crysos, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Lagocephalus lozvigatus, Lophius piscatorius, Myoxocephalus <zneus, Scomber scombrus (intestine), Seriola lalandi, Sphe- roides maculatus. Dinabothrium septaria Beneden. Host: Carcharodon carcharias. Linton, MS. Discocephalum pileatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 781 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 427. From spiral valve of Carcharhinus obscurus. Echeneibothrium variabile Beneden. Linton, 1889, p. 460; Linton, 1890, p. 766; Linton, 18973^.440; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 431. From spiral valve of Raja erinacea, Raja lams, Raja ocellata. Echeneibothrium sp. Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Myliobatis freminmlki (spiral valve), Rhinoptera bonasus (spiral valve). Lecanicephalum peltatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 802 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Ligula sp. larva. Linton, 1897, p. 788; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 465, (Ligula chylomycteri). From spleen of Chilomycterus schaepfi. Monorygma sp. Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberli, Galeocerdo tigrinus, Isurus dekayi (all in spiral vslve), Raja l<zvis, Squalus acanlhias. Onchobothrium uncinatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 18973, p. 446; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Orygmatobothrium crenulatum Linton. Linton, 18973, p. 444 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P- 4", 433- From spiral vslve of Dasyatis centrura. Orygmatobothrium paulum Linton. Linton, 18973, p. 444 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 426. From spiral valve of Galeocerdo tigrinus. Otobothrium crenacolle Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 850 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 428; Linton, 1907, p. 113 et seq. Adult worms abundsnt in the spirsl valve of Sphyrna zygana; cysts abundant in the flesh of Poro no tustriacanthus; have likewise beenfound encysted in the viscera of the following fishes taken in local wsters: Alutera schoepfii, Car charhinus obscurus, Cynoscion regalis, Fundu- lus heteroclitus, Mustelus canis, Paralichthys dentatus, Sarda sarda, Trichiurus lepturus, Xiphias gladius. Otobothrium dipsacum Linton. Linton, 1897, p. 806 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 451. Host: Pomatomus sallatrix. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 587 Parat&nia medusia Lin ton. Linton, 1890, p. 862 (sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 440; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. Fiom spiral valve of Dasyatis centrum. Phoreiobothrium lasium Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 474 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 819; Linton, 18973, p. 447; Linton, 1091, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti, Carcharhinus ob scurus (spiral valve), Sphyrna zygcena (spiral valve). Phoreiobothrium triloculalum Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 412, 427 (sp. nov.). From spiral valve of Carcharhinus obscurus. Phyllobothrium foliatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 787 (sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 443; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. Hosts: Dasyatis centrum (spiral valve): Raja Phyllobothrium loliginis Leidy. Linton, 1897, p. 792. Adults from stomach of the squid (Ommastrephes illecebrosus) , taken at Provincetown. Imma ture specimens of this species have been found in the stomachs of the following hosts, not yet having been affected by the digestive fluids: Hemitripterus americanus, Mustelus canis, Paralichthys dentatus, Paralichthys oblongus, Raja lewis, Raja ocellata, Spheroides macu- latus, Squalus acanthias, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tennis, Xiphias gladius. Phyllobothrium, sp. undetermined. Linton, 1901, p. 412, 474. Hosts: Carcharodon carcharias, Isurus dekayi, Merluccius bilinearis (intestine). Platybothrium cerainum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 820 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 427. From spiral valve of Carcharhinus obscurus. Platybothrium parvum Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. (sp. nov.). Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti (spiral valve), Isurus dekayi (spiral valve), Sphyrna zygesna (spiral valve). Rhinebothrium cancellatum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 771 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Dasyatis centrura (spiral valve), Rhino p- tera bonasus (spiral valve). Rhinebothrium flexile Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 768 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P. 412, 433- From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Rhinebothrium longicolle Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 775 (sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 441; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 433. Hosts: Myliobatis freminmlki (spiral valve), Rhynoptera bonasus. Rhinebothrium minimum (Beneden). Linton, 18973, p. 441; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 431. From spiral valve of Raja eglanteria and Raja Icevis. Rhynchobothrium agile Linton. Linton, 18973, p. 451 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Hosts: Myliobatis fremimiillei (spiral vslve), Rhinoptera bonasus (spiral V3lve). Rhynchobothrium attenuatum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1897, p. 805; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 448. From peritoneum of Xiphias gladius. Rhynchobothrium brevispine Linton. Linton, 18973, p. 450 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 412, 434. From spiral valve of a small ray (probably Rhynoptera bonasus). Rhynchobothrium bulbifer Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 486 (R. tenuicolle); Linton, 1890, p. 825 (R. bulbifer, sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 793; Linton, 18973, p. 448; Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Adults common in spiral valve of Mustelus canis; cysts in viscera of following species: Alutera schoepfii, Ammodytes americanus, Anguilla chrysypa, Cynoscion regalis, Elops saurus, Gadus callarias, Gymnosarda alUterata, Menidia menidia noiata, Menticirrhus saxatilis, Merluccius bilinearis, Microgadus tomcod, Myo- xocephalus ceneus, Paralichthys dentatus, Poma- tomus saltatrix, Poronotus triacanthus, Raja erinacea, Sarda sarda, Scomber scombrus (mus cles of b3ck), Scomberomorus maculatus, Spheroides maculatus, Squalus acanthias, Tetronarce occidentalis , Urophycis chuss. Rhynchobothrium heterospine Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 839 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 799; Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Adults in spiral valve of Mustelus canis and Squalus acanthias; cysts in viscera of Anguilla chrysypa, Paralichthys dentatus, and Syn- gnathus fuscus . Rhynchobothrium hispidum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 833 (sp. nov.); Linton, igoi, P- 412, 433- Cysts from Tautoga onitis; adults from spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. 588 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Rhynchobothrium imparispine Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 840 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 799; Linton, 18973, p. 450; Linton, 1901, p. 412, etc. Adult worms in following species: Dasyatis centrum, Myliobatis freminmllei, Raja eglan- teria, Raja erinacea (spiral valve), Raja laevis (spiral valve), Raja ocellata, Squalus acanthias. Cysts and larvse in the following species: Ammodytes americanus, Anguilla ckrysypa, Centropristes striatus (in viscera), Clupea harengus (stomach wall), Gadus callarias (peri toneum), Hemitriptems americanus, Lepto- cephalus conger (serous coat of intestine), j Limanda ferruginea (in viscera), Lophius \ piscatorius, Lopkopsetta maculata, Melano- grammus ceglefinus (peritoneum), Menidia j menidia notata, Merluccius bilinearis, Micro- gadus tomcod (in viscera), Myoxocephahis tzneus, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, Os- merus mordax, Paralichthys dentatus (in vis cera), Pollachius mrens, Pomolobus pseudo- harengus, Prionotus strigatus, Pseudoplcuro- nectes americanus, Raja erinacea, Sarda sarda, Scomber scombrus, Stenotomus chrysops (in viscera), Tautogolabrus adspersus, Tetronarce occidcntalis (intestinal wall), Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, Xiphias gladius. Rhynchobotkrium lomentaceum Diesing. Linton, 1890, p. 845; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 425. From spiral valve of Mustelus canis. Rhynchobothrium longicorne Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 847 (sp. nov.); Lintoii, 18973, p. 450; Linton, 1901, p. 412, 429. From spiral valve of Carcharias liltoralis. Rhynchobothrium longispine Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 835 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 413, 433- Adults from spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura; cysts from the following hosts: Menticirrhus saxatilis, Paralichthys dentatus, Poronotus tria- canthus, Prionotus strigatus, Scomberomorus maculatus, Stenotomus chrysops, Urophycis chuss. Rhynchobothrium speciosum Linton. Linton, 1897, p. 801 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Adults from Carcharhinus obscurus; cysts in the viscera of the following hosts : Chactodip terus faber, Cynoscion regalis, Lophius piscatorius, Paralichthys dentatus, Pomatomiis saltalrix, Remora remora, Roccus lineatus, Scomber scombrus, Scomberomorus maculatus, Stenoto mus chrysops, Trichiurus lepturus, Tylosurus acus. Rhynchobothrium tenuispine Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 837 (sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 448; Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberti (spiral valve), Dasyatis centrura (spiral valve), Raja erinacea. Rhynchobothrium tumidulum Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 829 (sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 448; Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Adults found in spiral valve of Carcharhinus obscurus, Mustelus canis, and Raja erinacea; scolices in intestine of Opsanus tau; cysts in Spheroides maculatus. Rhynchobothrium wageneri Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 843 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, P- 413. 433- From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Rhynchobothrium, sp. undet. Cysts from the following hosts: Cynoscion regalis, Lophius piscatorius, Pseudopleuronec- tes americanus, Seriola lalandi, Spheroides maculatus. Scolex polymorphus Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Hosts: Anchovia argyrophanus, Anchovia brownii (larvae in intestine), Anguilla chrysypa, Bre- voortia tyrannus (intestine, larva:), Cen tropristes striatus (free in intestine), Clupea harengus (intestine, larvae), Cynoscion regalis (free in gall bladder and cystic duct), Decap- terus macarellus (free in intestine), Decap- terus punctatus, Etrumeus teres, Fundulus heteroclitus (intestine, larvae), Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Lagocephalus la?vigatus (intes tine, abundant), Leptocephalus conger (in testine, larva;), Limanda ferruginea (intes tine), Lophius piscatorius (free in intestine, larvae), Lopholatilus chamceleonticeps (free in intestine), Melano grammus aglefinus, Men ticirrhus saxatilis (intestine), Merluccius bili nearis (free in intestine), Microgadus tomcod (free in intestine), Opsanus tau, Palimtrich- thys perciformis (alimentary tract), Para lichthys dentatus (cystic duct and free in intestine), Paralichthys oblongus (intestine), Pomatomus saltatrix (larvae in intestine), Pomolobus mediocris (larvae in intestine), Pomolobus pseudoharengus (larvae in intes tine), Poronotus triacanthus (free in intestine), Raja Itmiis, Sarda sarda (Isrvae free in in testine, rare), Scomber scombrus (larvae free in intestine), Spheroides maculatus (free in in testine) ,Steno tomus chrysops (free in intestine ) , Tautoga onitis, Trichiurus lepturus, Tylosurus marinus (larvae in intestine), Urophycis chuss, Xiphias gladius. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 589 Spongiobothrium variabile Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 462 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 778; Linton, 18973, p. 442; Linton, 1901, P- 413. 433- From spiral valve of Dasyatis centrum. Synbothrium flicolle Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 861 (Syndesmobothrium filicolle , sp. nov.); Linton, 1897, p. 815; Linton, 1901, p. 413, etc. Scolex in spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura; cysts in viscera of following species: Brevoortia tyrannus, Carcharhinus obscurus, Cynoscion regalis, Galeocerdo tigrinus, Lobotes surinam- ensis, Mustelus canis, Paralichthys dentalus Pomatomns saltatrix, Scomberomorus cavalla, Scomberomorus maculatus, Scomberomorus re galis, Seriola dumerili. TtEnia chamissonii Linton. Linton, 1905 (sp. nov.). About 25 cysts found in mesentery of a "skunk porpoise" (Lagenorhynchus acutus) captured at Menemsha Bight, October 7, 1901. T&nia dilatata Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 488 (sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 425; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 435. From intestine of Anguilla chrysypa. Ttenia sp. Linton, 1901, p. 414,428,435. Undetermined worms referred to this genus found in Anguilla chrysypa, Fundulus dia- phanus, and in Sphyrna zygana (mucous mem brane of intestine). Tetrarhynchus bicolor (Bartels). Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. Adult taken once in Carcharhinus obscurus; cysts and scolices found in the following hosts: Carcharinus obscurus, Corypk&na hippurus (peritoneum), Galeocerdo tigrinus (stomach), Paralichthys dentalus (alimentary canal), Sarda sarda, Xiphias g la dius( peritoneum and mesen tery). Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 479 (Rhynchobothrium bisulca- tum, sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 857; Linton, 1897, p. 810; Linton, 18973, p. 452; Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. Adults very abundant in the pylorus and intes tine of Carcharhinus obscurus; cysts and sco lices in the viscera of the following species: Cynoscion regalis, Decapterus macarellus, Lo- phius piscatorius, Lopholatilus chamaleon- ticeps, Paralichthys denlatus, Paralichthys oblongus, Pomatomus saltatrix, Poronotus triacanthus, Prionotus carolinus, Prionolus Tetrarhynchus bisculcatus Continued. slrigatus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Scomber scombrus, Seriola zonata, Spheroides maculatus, Stenotomus chrysops, Tetronarce occidentalis , Urophycis chuss , Xiphias gladius. Tetrarhynchus elongatus (Wagener). Linton, 1897, p. 812; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 466. From liver of Mola mola (common). Telrarchynchus erinaceus Beneden. Linton, 1897, p. 811; Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. Cysts in viscera of Cynoscion regalis, Pomatomus saltatrix and Poronotus triacanthus. Tetrarhynchus lintoni Vaullegeard. Linton, 1890, p. 853 (T. tenue, sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 452; Linton, 1901, p.. 414, 433 (T. tenuis). Spiral valve of Dasyatis centrura. Tetrarhynchus robustus Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 855 (sp. nov.); Linton, 18973, p. 452; Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. Adults from Carcharhinus obscurus, Dasyatis centrura (stomach and pylorus), Isurus dekayi (scolex in spiral valve), Myliobatis fremin- villei, Raja Itzvis, Rhinoplera bonasus; cysts from Paralichthys dentalus. Tetrarhynchus sp . Linton, 1901, p. 414, etc. " Cysts too immature for identification or not yet identified" recorded for the following hosts: Carcharinus obscurus, Chostodipterus faber, Dasyatis centrura, Lophius piscatorius, Mus- telus canis, Pomolobus mediocris, Poronotus triacanthus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Raja erinacea, Sarda sarda, Scomberomorus regalis, Spheroides maculatus, Sphyrna zygcena, Tcrapterus imperator. Thysanocephalum crispum Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 464 (Phyllobothrium thysano- cephalum, sp. nov.); Linton, 1890, p. 823; Linton, 18913, p. 543; Linton, 18973, p. 448; Linton, 1901, p. 414, 426. From spiral valve of Galeocerdo tigrinus. Thysanocephalum ridiculum Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 414, 430 (sp. nov.). From spiral valve of Isurus dekayi. Trilocularia gracilis Olsson. Adult from Squalus acanthias. Linton, MS. Tylocephalum pingue Linton. Linton, 1890, p. 806 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 4i4,434- From spiral valve of Rhinoplera bonasus. Cestode, undetermined (belonging to a new genus allied to Ligula). From Liparis liparis. 590 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Class NEMERTINEA.a Family CARINELLID.-E. Carinella pellucida Coe. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, Juniper Point, Nobska Point; under stones and among algse low water to 8 fathoms. Coe. Ripe sexual products at Woods Hole in July. Family CARINOMID^E. Carinoma tremaphoros Thompson. Breakwater (Buzzards Bay side), Great Pond, Falmouth; low water to i fathom, in sandy localities. Coe. Sexually mature in September. Family CEPHALOTRICHIMJ. Cephalothrix linearis (Rathke). Verrill, 1892, p. 442; Coe, 1899. Newport, Woods Hole. Verrill. Woods Hole, Juniper Point, Penzance (Buzzards Bay side), Naushon Id.; not abundant; found under stones and hard clay, and in gravel and mud. Coe. Verrill states that it "often occurs gre gariously, many individuals being intricately coiled up in a mass." Sexual products mature at Woods Hole in August; eggs can be artificially fertilized. Coe. Family T^ENIOSOMID^. Parapolia aurantiaca Coe. Coe, 1895, p. 518 (sp. nov.); 1899. Shore of Devils Foot Island, in Woods Hole Harbor; two specimens found in sand at low- water mark, August, 1894. The sexual products were then mature. Zygeupolia rubens (Coe). Coe, 1895, p. 521 (Valencinia rubens, sp. nov.); 1899 (Valencinia rubens). Near "Gut of Canso," in Woods Hole Harbor, Bay shore of Penzance, Quisset Harbor; fairly common near low- water mark, several inches in the sand, occasionally under stones. Coe. Family LINEID^E. Linens viridis (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 628 (Nemertes -viridis); Verrill, 1879, p. 185; 1892, p. 418; Coe, 1899. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound (very com mon), Woods Hole, Newport; under stones be tween tides, and in shallow water on rocky bottoms. Verrill. Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Juniper Point, Little Harbor, Bay side of Pen zance, Hadley Harbor; common under stones at low water. Coe. Sexually mature in June ; eggs laid under stones at low water ; may be artificially fertilized . Coe . Specimens from points designated by an a: Linens iiiridis sanguineus (Rathke). Associated with Linens viridis, not uncommon. Coe. Linens socialis (Leidy). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 628, 324, 392 (Ne mertes socialis); Verrill, 1879, p. 185 (Linens communis); Verrill, 1892, p. 424; Coe, 1899. Vineyard Sound; "in great abundance under stonesfrom mid-tide to near high-water mark"; very gregarious. Verrill. Eel Pond, Little Harbor, Great Harbor, Hadley Harbor; in eel- grass and under stones; not common. Coe. Eggs mature in midwinter at New Haven. Coe. Linens bicolor Verrill. Verrill, 1892, p. 426 (sp. nov.); Coe, 1899. Vineyard Sound, common; "usually taken on shelly or stony bottoms, among algae, ascidians, and hydroids." Verrill. Nobska, Tarpaulin Cove, and westward; 3 to 5 fathoms. Coe. Buzzards Bay, near Cuttyhunk, at Phalarope station 103; 5 fathoms, mud.* Local specimens taken in July, 1898, contained mature sexual products. Coe. Micrura leidyi (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 630, 324 (Meckelia rosea); Verrill, 1892, p. 436 (Cerebratulus leidyi); Coe, 1899 (Cerebratulus leidyi). Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole, Newport, very common, burrowing in sand near low- water mark , occasionally under stones . Verrill . Un- catena Gutter, bay shore of Penzance. J. P. McMurrich, in Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue. Great Harbor, Bay side of Penzance, Naushon, Quisset, Falmouth. Coe. Fish Hawk stations 7521 * (Vineyard Sound) and 7647 * (Buzzards Bay); 6 to 10 fathoms, sand and mud. Survey. Breeds commonly at Woods Hole in July and early August, sometimes earlier than July; eggs may be artificially fertilized. Coe. Micrura cazca Verrill. Verrill, 1892, p. 531 (sp. nov.; not listed for this region); Coe, 1899. Vineyard Sound, Bay shore of Penzance, Great Harbor, Naushon, Quisset Harbor; in sand be tween tides. Coe. Sexual products mature at Woods Hole in Au gust; eggs can be artificially fertilized, and reared to the pilidium stage. Coe. sterisk (*) were identified by Prof. W. R. Coe. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 591 Micrura affmis (Girard). Verrill, 1879, p. 186 (not listed for this region); 1892, p. 428. South of Cape Cod and off Nantucket and Mar thas Vineyard; 12 to 50 fathoms. Verrill. Marthas Vineyard and northward. Coe. Cerebratulus lacteus (Leidy). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 630, 324, 349, 350 (Meckelia lactea and M. ingens); Verrill, 1892, P. 433; Coe, 1899. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound; "common, burrowing both in sand and mud at and above low-water mark and in shallow water down to several fathoms in depth." Verrill. Nau- shon, Hadley Harbor, Great and Little Harbors (Woods Hole), Penzance (Buzzards Bay side), Falmouth, Ouisset. Coe. Fish Hawk station *: 7556 (several dead pieces), 7640 (? posterior portion only), 7647 (?midpor- tiononly), 7652 (? posterior end only), 7659. Eggs ripe at New Haven during March, April, and May; in Maine this species breeds in July; eggs can be artificially fertilized and embryos easily reared to pilidium. In recent years the eggs of this form have been extensively used in experimental embryology. Cerebratulus marginatus Renier. Verrill, 1892, p. 438 (Cerebratulus fuscus) . "South of Cape Cod it occurs in 15 to 45 fathoms on bottoms of sand and mud in the cold areas swept by the arctic current, as off Gay Head in 19 fathoms." Verrill. Gay Head, under stones, between tides. Coe. Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7658; 9 fathoms, mud*. Cerebratulus luridus Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 630, 502, 508 {Meckelia lurida, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1892, p. 440; Coe, 1899. Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud; off Buz zards Bay, 25 fathoms. Verrill. Lower half of Buzzards Bay, in 6 to 13 fathoms, on muddy bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7638*, 7642*0, 7643*0, 7647*, 7654*, 7655*. 7658*, 7661 (?), 7662 (?), 7669 (?). Apparently ripe eggs in Cape Cod Bay in August. Verrill, cited by Coe. Family CARCINONEMERTID^. Carcinonetnertes carcinophilti (Kolliker). Coe, 1902, p. 441. Nobska Point, Katama Bay, Menemsha Bight. " Parasitic on the gills of various species of crabs when young, migrating to the egg masses of the crab at the approach of sexual maturity. Locally, reported only from the "lady crab" (Ovalipes ocellatus). In the case of a large number of crabs of this species examined by Dr. Coe during July and August of various years the parasites were found on the gills of about 10 per cent of the female crabs, but none were found on the males. Family AMPHIPORID^E. Zygonemertes mrescens (Verrill). Verrill, 1879, p. 183 (Amphiporus mrescens, sp. nov.); 1892, p. 400 (Amphiporus mrescens); Coe, 1899 (Amphiporus virescens). Woods Hole, Newport; "common in shallow water among hydroids and ascidians, and on the piles of wharves, between tides." Verrill. Piles of United States Bureau of Fisheries pier, Woods Hole steamboat landing. Little Har bor. Coe. Eggs mature at Woods Hole in July and August. Coe. Amphiporus ochraceus Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 630, 325 (Cosmoce- phala ochracea, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1892, p. 396; Coe, 1899. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound; common between tides, in tide pools, and under stones, creeping among algae, hydroids, etc. , or in dead tubes of serpula; on piles of wharves; likewise dredged in 2 to 20 fathoms, on stony or shelly bottoms. Verrill. Woods Hole Harbor, at railroad wharf and Juniper Point, Nobska Point, Pen zance (Bay shore), Eel Pond; common among eelgrass. Coe. Buzzards Bay, shore of Nash- awena, at Phalarope station 78, in 5 to 6 fathoms, sand and mud*. Dr. Coe reports that in the vicinity of New Haven the eggs are laid during May and June ; in one case as early as January. Uncertain whether presen at one or both of these stations. 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 59 2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. JAmphiporus glutinosus Verrill. <* Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 631, 324, 382 (Polina glutinosa, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1892, p. 397; Montgomery, 1897, p. 9. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound; low water to 6 fathoms, usually among hydroids and bry- ozoa. Verrill. Abundant in Eel Pond. T. H. Montgomery. Amphiporus cruentatus Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 184 (sp. nov.); 1892, p. 399. Vineyard Sound, 4 to 10 fathoms; off Newport, 3 to 8 fathoms. Verrill. Off Nobska Point, common among dead shells of Spisula; Tar paulin Cove. Coe. Amphiporus bioculatus Mclntosh. Verrill, 1892, p. 402 (determination doubtful). Vineyard Sound, i to 10 fathoms, not uncom mon. Verrill. Vineyard Sound, i to 20 fathoms. Coe. Family TETRASTEMMATHXE. Tetrastemma candidum (Fabricius). Coe, 1899. Great Harbor, Little Harbor; on piles, between tides; not common. Coe. Sexually mature at Woods Hole in July and August. Tetrastemma viltatum Verrill. Verrill, 1892, p. 411. Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole; in mud. Verrill. Little Harbor, Eel Pond ; muddy bottoms and eelgrass, down to 25 fathoms. Coe. Nemertean, family and species undetermined. Blue Wing station 44. Tetrastemma clegans Verrill. Verrill, 1892, p. 406. Woods Hole, on piles of wharf. Verrill. Vine yard Sound, Great Harbor, Little Harbor; on piles; not common. Coe. Tetrastemma -vermiculus (Quatrefages). Verrill, 1892, p. 407; Coe, 1899. Little Harbor, on piles and in mud. Verrill. Great Harbor, Hadley Harbor, Vineyard Sound, on all kinds of bottoms. Coe. Ripe ova in August. Coe. Tetrastemma dorsale (Abildgaard). Little Harbor and Hadley Harbor; common on piles. Coe. Sexually mature in August. Family MALACOBDELLID.E. Malacobdella grossa Miiller). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 625, 458 (Malacob della obesa; listed among the leeches); Ver rill, 1892, p. 444 (Malacobdella obesa). Parasitic on Mya, Venus, and Cyprina; rare. "Has apparently decreased in numbers in re cent years, for an examination of thousands of lamellibranchs in the Woods Hole region dur ing each summer for more than five years has not revealed a single specimen." Coe. Acanthocheilus nidi/ex Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 303 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 410, 426. Host: Galeocerdo iigrinus, in pits or nests formed by the worm bnrrowing into the mucous mem brane of stomach, rare. Acanthocheilus sp. Lintou, 1901, p. 410, 428. From Carcharias littoralis (stomach) and Raja ocellata. ? Agamonema capsularia Diesing. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Immature specimens from Anguilla chrysypa, Clupea harengus and Scomber scombrus. ? Agamonema papilligerus Diesing. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 444. Host. Scomber scombrus. ? Ascaris acanthocaudata Cobbold. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 476. Host: Melanogrammus azglefinus. Phylum NEMATHELMINTHES. Class NEMATODA. Ascaris adunca Rudolphi. Host: Alosa sapidissima. Linton. Ascaris brevicapitata Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 425 (sp. nov.). From stomach of GaUocerdo tigrinus (very rare). Ascaris capsularia Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Gadus callarias; Scomber scombrus. Ascaris cla-vata Rudolphi. Linton, 1900, p. 302; Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Gadus callarias, Hippoglossus hippoglos- sus, Melanogrammus (ngkfinus, Merluccius bilinearis, Microgadus tomcod, Myoxocephalus (Bneus, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, Pol- lachius mrens, Pomolobus mediocris (?), Raja erinacea. Scomber scombrus, Scomberomorus maculatus, Squalus acanthias. a This is probably the same as A . ochroceus. Coe. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 593 Ascaris habena Linton. Linton, 1900, p. 302 (sp. nov.); Linton, igoi, p. 410, 468. Hosts: Gadus callarias, Lophopsetta maculata, Myoxoccphalus aneus, Myoxocephalus octo- decimspinosus, Opsanus tait (stomach and intestine, common), Palinurichthys percifor- mis, Pomolobus mediocris, Prionotus carolinus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Scombero- morus maculatus, Spheroides maculatus, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tennis. Ascaris increscens Molin. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Coryphcena hippurus (stomach); Lophius piscatorius. Ascaris incurva Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: liippoglossoides platessoides (rectum, rare), Seriola sonata (stomach), Scombero- morus maculatus (intestine, rare), Seriola lalandi, Tetrapterus imperator (intestine and rectum, rare), Xipkias gladius (stomach, common). Ascaris inquies Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 410,452 (sp. nov.). From stomach of Rachycentron canadus (many). Ascaris neglecta Leidy. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 465. From intestine of Chilomycterus schcepfi. ? Ascaris rigida Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 488. Host: Lophius piscatorius. Ascaris rotundata Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Raja eglanleria; Raja erinacea (stomach and intestine), Raja Itzuis, Raja ocellata. Ascaris sp. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Unidentified (for the most part immature) worms referred to this genus are recorded for the following hosts: Alosa sapidissima, Bros- mius brosme, Carcharias littoralis, Clupea harengus, Dasyatis centrura, Hemitripterus americanus, Lagocephalus lazvigatus, Macrou- rus bairdii, Mcnticirrhus saxatilis, Microgadus tomcod, Mustelus canis (peritoneal capsules), Myoxocephalus aineus, Osmerus mordax, Para- lichthys dentatus (intestine 1 !, Pomolobus medi ocris (stomach), Pseudopleuronectes ameri canus, Roccus lineatus, Sarda sarda (stomach), Scomber scombrus, Stenotomus chrysops, Tylo- surus acur, Urophycis tenuis. Dacnitis hians Dujardin. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 436. From intestine of Leptoccphalus conger, Dacnitis sphcerocephala Dujardin. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 435. From intestine of Acipenser sturio. Filaria rubra Leidy. Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Centropristes striatus (under skin), Roccus lineatus (from flesh). Filaria, sp.undet. Host: Alenidia menidia notata. Linton. Heterakisfoveolata (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. (Cucullanus globosus). Hosts: Carangus crysos, Gadus callarias, Hippo- glossus hippoglossus, Lophius piscatorius (in testine), Melanogrammus aglefinus, Pomolo bus (Bsii-ualis, Urophycis chuss. Heterakis, sp. undet. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 441, 453 (Cucullanus, sp.). Hosts: Fundulus diaphanu-s, Fundulus hetero- clitus, Fundulus majalis, Alorone americana, Poronotus triacanthus. Ichthyonema globiceps (Rudolphi). Linton, 1901, p. 410, etc. Hosts: Lobotes surinamenus (peritoneum), Poma- tomus saltatrix (ovaries), Scombcromorus macu latus (ovary, rare), Tarpon atlanticus. ? Ichthyonema sanguineum (Rudolphi). Linton, 1900, p. 304; Linton, 1901, p. 410, 482. From mouth of Paralichthys dentatus. Ichthyonema sp. Linton, 1901, p. 410, 428, etc. Undetermined worms referred to this genus were found in Chtztodiptcrus faber (abdominal cav ity), Hippoglossoides platessoides (intestine), Microgadus tomcod, Poronotus triacanthus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Roccus lineatus Sarda sarda (beneath skin in gill cavity), Sphyrna zygtena (liver), Urophycis tenuis. Lecanocephalus annulalus (Molin). Linton, 1901, p. 410, 455. Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa, Morone americana, Palinurichthys perciformis, Poronotus triacan thus, Roccus lineatus ("peritoneum, very rare). 594 BULLETIN OF THE BUR3AU OF FISHERIES. Nectonema agile Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 453 ( a " slender round worm"); Verrill, 1879, p. 187 (Nectonema agilis, sp. nov.; assigned doubtfully to the Nematoda); Ward, 1892; Bumpus, 18980. Vineyard Sound. Verrill, F. R. Lillie. Woods Hole. Woodvvorth, Andrews. Newport. A. Agassiz, Fewkes. Swims actively at the surface in the evening in June and July. Ward regards the body structure as indicating that this worm is a para site during its larval life. Pontonema marinum Leidy. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 634, 325, etc. Vineyard Sound, "very abundant from above low-water mark to 10 fathoms;" rocky shores, beneath stones, among algae, hydroids, etc.; adults taken in surface tow, in February. Pontonema vacillatum Leidy. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 634, 326. Occurrence similar to that of P. marinum. Spiroptera pectinifer Linton. Linton, 1901, p. 411, 427 (sp. nov.). From stomach of Sphyrna zygoma. Class ACANTHOCEPHALA. Echinorhynchus acus Rudolphi. Linton, 1889, p. 492; Linton, 1891, p. 525; Lin ton, 1901, p. 409, etc. Hosts: Alosa sapidissima, Carckarias littoralis (spiral valve), Cynoscion regalis, Enchelyopus cimbrius (intestine), Fundulus diaphanus, Fun- dulus heteroclitus , Gadus callarias , Hemitripterus americanus , Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Lepto- cephalus conger (intestine), Limanda ferruginea (intestine), Lophius piscatorius (intestine), | Lophopsetta maculata, Rlacrourus bairdii, Alcla- nogrammus ceglefinus, Rlerluccius bilinearis I (intestine), Microgradus iomcod, Mola mola (gills), RIyoxocephalus ceneus, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, Opsanus tau (intestine), Paralichthys dentatus (intestine), Paralichthys oblongus (intestine), Pholis gunnellus, Pol- \ lackius Tjirens, Pomolobus cestivalis, Pomolobus mediocris, Pomolob^^s pseudoharengus , Porono- tus iriacanthus, Prionotus carolinus, Prionotus strigatus, Pseiidopleuronectes americanus (intes tine), Raja eglanteria. Roccus lineatus, Scomber scombrus, Spheroides maculates (pharynx), Stenotomus chrysops (viscera), Tautoga onitis, Trichiurus lepturus, Urophycis chuss (intes tine), Urophycis tennis. Echinorhynchus clavccceps Zeder. Linton, 1889, p. 490 (Echinorhynchus agilis); j Linton, 1891, -p. 534 (E. agilis); Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. (E. agilis). Hosts: Anguilla chrysypa (intestine), Carcha- rhinus obscurus (spiral valve), Fundulus hetero clitus, Morone americana (intestine), Opsanus tau, Tylosurus marinus (intestine). Echinorhynchus attenuatus Linton. Linton, 1891, p. 529 (sp. nov.), Linton, 1900, p. 409, 435- Host: Acipenser brevirostnun (=sturio). Echinorhynchus carcharia Linton. Linton, 1891, p. 536 (sp. nov.), Linton, 1901, p. 409, 428. Host: Care/tar ias littoralis. Echinorhynchus fusiformis Zeder. Linton, 1901, p. 409, 468. Host: Opsanus tau (intestine). Echinorhynchus globulosus Rudolphi. Linton, 1901, p. 409, 435. Hosts: Acipenser rubicundus, Anguilla chrysypa. Echinorhynchus lateralis Molin. Linton, 1891, p. 533 (Echinorhynchus incrassatus); Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. (E. incrassatus). Hosts: Lophius piscatorius, Paralichthys dentatus, Pomatomus saltatrix, (in each case from peri toneum). Echinorhynchus pristis Rudolphi. Linton, 1891, p. 530; Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. Hosts: Carangus crysos, Cynoscion regalis (vis cera), Lobotes surinamensis (intestine), Lophius piscatorius, Palinurichthys perciformis (intes tine), Tylosurus acus. Linton (1891, p. 531) lists a variety tenuicornis, which he found in " Tylosurus caribbaus (doubtless acus or marinus), and in Lobotes surinamensis. Echinorhynchus proteus Westrumb. Linton, 1889, p. 496; Linton, 1891, p. 537; Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. Hosts: Archosargus probalocephalus (peritone um), Carangus hippos, Centropristes striatus, Cynoscion regalis (intestine), Merluccius bili nearis, Paralichthys dentatus (mesentery), Po matomus saltatrix (intestine, usually with head perforating the wall), Roccus lineatus (always present in rectum). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 595 Echinorhynchus sagittifer Linton. Linton, 1889, p. 493 (sp. nov.), Linton, 1891, p. 535; Linton, 1901, p. 409, etc. Hosts: Cenlroprisles striatus (peritoneum), Cy- noscion regalis (viscera), Paralichthys dentalus (viscera), Pomatomus sallatrix, (peritoneum), Raja erinacea, Rhombus triacanthus (viscera), Stenotomus chrysops. Echinorhynchus aurantiacus Risso. Linton, 1891, p. 535 (Echinorhynchus serrani, sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 409, 456 (E. serrani). From peritoneum of Centropristes striatus. Echinorhynchus thecaius Linton. Linton, 1891, p. 528 (sp. nov.); Linton, 1901, p. 409, 456. Host: Morone americana. Echinorhynchus, sp. undet. Linton, 1901, p. 409, 471 (and MS.). Undetermined representatives of this genus were found in Centropristes striatus, Lophius pisca- torius, Lopholatilus cham<rleonticeps (two oc casions), Morone americana, Thunnus thynnus. Class CHAETOGNATHA. p. 626, 440, etc. (sp. Sagitta elegans Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873 nov.). "Woods Hole and Vineyard Sound, at surface, July i; off Gay Head, among Salpce, Septem ber 8." Sagitta sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 440, 453. An undetermined species, larger and stouter than 5. elegans, reported by Verrill as taken in large numbers at Woods Hole by V. N. Edwards in January and February. Sagitta sp. One or more species of Sagitta (undetermined; doubtless including those listed by Verrill) are a conspicuous feature of the local plankton during the winter and spring. According to Mr. Edwards s towing records, they are present in greatest abundance during December and January, but are recorded from October till July. Family DINOPHH.ID.E. Dinophilus gardineri Moore. Anne Moore, 1900, p. 15 (sp. novA Woods Hole, in an artificial pond of brackish water, May, 1898 and 1899. Dinophilus pygmceus Verrill. Verrill, 18923, p. 457 (sp. nov.). DINOPHILEA. (Incertae sedis.) Dinophilus pygmtxus Continued. Woods Hole, oil piles of a wharf, Aug. 10, 1883. Dinophilus simplex Verrill. Verrill, 18923, p. 458 (sp. nov.). Newport, August, 1880. Phylum MOLLUSCOIDA. Class BRYOZOA. BRYOZOA ENTOPROCTA. Family LOXOSOMID.E. Loxosoma davenporti Nickerson. Nickerson, 1898, p. 220 (sp. nov.); 1899, p. 366; 1901, p. 351, Osburn, 1912, p. 212. Cotuit Harbor, in tubes of sand, i foot deep; locally common. Loxosoma minuta Osburn. Osburn, 1912, p. 212 (sp. nov.). "Found on Phascoleon strombi (=Phascoloson;a camentarium) in the Woods Hole region, and on Phascolosoma ercmila at the Isles of Shoals, often in considerable numbers among the tubercles of the skin. Family PEDICEU,INID.. Pedicellina cernua Pallas. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 707, 405, etc. (Pedi cellina Americana); Osburn, 1912, p. 213. New Haven to Vineyard Sound. Verrill. New Bedford Harbor, on piles, very common, growing intermixed with Bowerbankia gracilis; Nobska Point, in shallow water; Vineyard Sound, off Vineyard Haven, 7 fathoms; Crab Ledge, in 18 fathoms. A form which may be a different species occurs on the piles at New Bedford. This bears a varying number of blunt spines on the head. 596 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Barentsia major Hincks. Osbura, 1912, p. 213. Occasional throughout the waters of the region, growing on shells and stones. Dredged by the Survey almost wholly in Buzzards Bay, in 3 to 13 fathoms, on various sorts of bottom- Off Gay Head, on leg of spider crab; piles at Nantucket, on Chondrus crispus. Fish Hawk stations: 7611, 7645, 7709. Supple mentary station (1909): 7659. Phalarope stations: 135, 165, 167. Supplemen tary station (1909): 146 (i). Barentsia discreta (Busk). Osburn, 1912, p. 214. A colony of several dozen individuals that seem to belong to this species was taken by the sur- Barentsic. discreta Continued. vcy in the eastern part of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7777, in 5>< fathoms, grow ing on a shell fragment, and again off the eastern end of Naushon Island, in n fathoms, growing on a pebble. Taken in 1909 at two repeated stations (7660 and 7668) in the lower end of Buzzards Bay, 6 to 10 fathoms.. The species has heretofore been known only from the type locality, Tristan c a Cunha, in the middle of the South Atlantic Ocean, where it was dredged in 100 to 150 fathoms, off Nightingale Island. Busk (Challenger Report. There listed as Asco podaria discreta n. sp.). BRYOZOA ECTOPROCTA. Family Crisia eburnea (Linnaeus). [Chart 27.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 707, 311, etc.; Osburn, 1912, p. 215. Vineyard Sound, common. Verrill. Abundant and universally distributed in Vineyard Sound; common in many parts of Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in i to 17 fathoms on all sorts of bottom. Recorded also from shores and piles of wharves in nearly every part of the region. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (scarce), 7523 (few small pieces), 7524 bis, 7526 (few very small pieces on stem of dead Pennaria (?) ), 753 1 bis (much), 7532 bis (few colonies), 7533 bis (many tufts), 7533 (small piece), 7536 (abun dant on algse), 7537 (small cluster), 7537 bis (few), 7538 (several large tufts), 7539 (abun dant), 7543 bis (few colonies), 7550 (small tufts on Eudendrium and algae), 7550 bis (little), 7552 bis (i colony), 7553 (small tufts on Eudendrium and algse), 7553 bis (few col onies), 7557 (considerable tuft on Pennaria and Chondrus ), 7560 (on Chondrus crispus; abundant on Pennaria), 7562 (on Chondrus crispus; few small tufts on Eudendrium), 7563 bis, 7564 bis (considerable), 7565 bis (several colonies), 7569 bis, 7572 (small cluster on algse), 7582 (few tufts on Laminaria and Chondrus), 7583 (many on Laminaria and Chondrus), 7587 (abundant on algae) (?), 7588 (very abundant on algse) (?), 7591 (abundant), 7592 (on Chondrus), 7593, 7594, 7597 ?6ii (few clusters), 7612, 7613, 7614, 7615, 7619, 7630, 7636, 7639 (i colony), 7640, Crisia eburnea Continued. 7643 (i colony), 7644 (few colonies), 7645, 7653 (few clusters), 7659 (few masses), 7660, 7661, 7663 (few), 7664, 7666, 7671, 7672 (few), 7673, 7675 (few colonies), 7678, 7679 (little with Bugula), 7680, 7681, 7685, 7689, 7690 (with algse), 7692 (little), 7693, 7697, 7699 (little), 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7717, 7718, 7720, 7721, 7723, 7724, 7725, 7729, 7731, 7732 (little), 7733, 7734, 7735 (much), 7738, 7739 (little), 7740, 7741, 7742 (little), 7743 (little), 7744 (little), 7745 (little), 7746 (little), 7749 (much), 7750 (much), 7751 (little), 7752 (little), 7753 (?), 7754 (much), 7755 (little), 7757 (little), 7760, 7763, 7764 (very much), 7763 (much), 7766 (little), 7767 (much), 7768 (much), 7769 (much), 7771, 7772 (much), 7774, 7775 (much), 7778, 7781, 7782 (little) 7783. Sup plementary stations (1906): 7525, 7537, 7567, 7709, 7723; (1907); 7526, 7538, 7551, 7581, 7761, . 7763. 7"8o; (1909): 7634, 7643. 7645. 7659. 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (much), 2 (relatively few), 3 (many), 4 (few), 5 (few tufts), 7 (many), 8 (very abundant), 9 (com mon, several colonies), 10 (few), n (rare), 12 (few), 15 (common), 16 (common), 20 (common), 21 (common), 22 (abundant), 23 (few), 24 (abundant), 25 (abundant), 30 (few), 32 (abundant), 33 (few), 34 (abundant), 36 (common), 37 (few), 39 (small colony), 44 (abundant), 45, 46 (very common), 48 (few), 49 (common), 51 (common), 55 (few), 56 (many), 57 (many), 58 (abundant), 60 (much), 62 (few), 63 (few), 64 (few colonies), 65 (abundant on Laminaria), 66 (several), BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 597 Crisia eburnea Continued. 67 (many), 68 (few), 69 (several), 73 (few), 74 (few), 75 (few colonies), 76 (few), 77 (few), 79 (common), 83 (few), 85, 87, 100 (common), 107 (few), 108, in, 112, 113, 114, 116, 117, 121, 122 (few), 123 (few), 124 (few), 130 (few), 131 (common), 134 (common), 135 (very abundant), 136 (few), 137 (common), 141 (common), 144 (few), 145 (few), 146 (few), 150 (common), 160 (few), 163 (very abundant). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Crisia cribraria Stimpson. Osburn, 1912, p. 215. Found only in the colder waters, at outlying points. Taken at Crab Ledge, in 18 fathoms. f Crisia denticulata (Lamarck). Osburn, 1912, p. 216. Doubtful specimens taken in the outer waters of the Woods Hole region. Family TUBULIPORID/E. Tubulipora liliacea (Pallas). [Chart 28.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 405, etc. (Tubulipora Jlabellans) , Osburn, 1912, p. 217. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Occasional through out Vineyard Sound and the lower half of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms, on sand, gravel, and stones, usually attached to alga?, occasionally on shells. Survey. Also found in piles. Fish Hawk stations: 7560 (on Chondrus crispus), 7582 (on Chondrus cri pus), 7724, 7725, 7753 (?), 7764, 7771. Supplementary stations (1909): 7643, 7659, 7660. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 22, 37, 87. Tubulipora atlantica (Johnston). Osburn, 1912, p. 217. Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, several well- developed colonies with ovicells attached to rocks and shells. Tubulipora flabellaris (Fabricius). Osburn, 1912, p. 218. Crab Ledge, off Sankaty Head, Great Round Shoal; taken only in outside waters of the region. Stomatopora diastoporoides (Norman). Osburn, 1912, p. 218. A few specimens taken by the Survey at Crab Ledge upon pebbles. Family LICHENOPORID^E. Lichenopora verrucaria (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 707, 405. (Diastopora patina); Osburn, 1912, p. 219. Vineyard Sound, off Vineyard Haven. Verrill. Nobska Point, in shallow water, along shore; Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms; Crab Ledge, common; Sankaty Head, E. S. E. 13 fathoms; Robinsons Hole, at Phalarope station 22; near Gay Head, at Fish Hawk station 7730. Found on hydroids, on other Bryozoa, shells and algae. Family jETEiwe. tea anguina (Linnaeus). [Chart 29.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 710, 405; Osburn, 1912, p. 220. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Abundant and gen erally distributed in Vineyard Sound and Buz zards Bay; dredged in i to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, creeping over hydroids, algae and Bryozoa, occasionally on shells and peb bles. Survey. Recorded for Woods Hole, on Bureau of Fisheries pier; Vineyard Haven; Katama Bay, on piles of wharf; Nantucket Harbor, on piles; Nantucket cable; on weed . floating in Vineyard Sound; Fort Phoenix (New Bedford Harbor); Round Hill Point. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis, 7533 bis, 7545 bis, 7547 bis, 7559 (on Eudendrium) , 7563 bis, 7564 bis, 7593, 7611, 7612, 7614, 7615, 7616, 7619, 7622, 7630, 7636, 7639, 7640, 7643, 7644, 7645, 7656, 7659, 7660, 7664, 7666, 7667, 7670, 7671, 7676, 7678, 7679, 7681, 7689, 7692, 7697, 7699, 7700, 7702, 7703. 7706, 7707, 7724, 7729, 7730, 773 1 . 7734, 7735, 7739, 774, 7741, 7742, 7743, 7744, 7745, 775 1 , 7754, 7759, 77*5, 77<53, 77^9, 7774, 7775- 77?S, 7779, 7?8o, 7781, 7782, 7783. Supplementary stations (1906) : 7567, 7633, 7708, 7709, 7723; (1907): 7581, 7718, 7731, 7739, 7761, 7780, 7783; (1909): 7627, 7634, 7643, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i, 5, 7, 8, 15, 16, 20, 32, 45, 51, 57, 64, 65, 74, 83, 87, 91, 108, in, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 134, 141, 159 (com mon on Bugula), 160 (few), 163 (abundant). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131. Family EUCRATEID/E. Eucratea chelata (^Linnseus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 710, 405; Osburn, 1912, p. 221. "Off Gay Head, 10 fathoms, on hydroids and ascidians." Verrill. Not noted in Survey dredgings, but taken on piles of a wharf at Vineyard Haven in some numbers, growing on Amathia dichotoma. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Gemellaria loricala (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 747; Osburn, 1912, p. 221. Nantucket. Verrill. Well distributed in the outer waters of the region. Survey. Crab Ledge, very abundant; off Sankaty Head, ESE., in 13 fathoms; ESE., in 20 fathoms; E. by S. in 24 fathoms; off No Mans Land, abundant. Verrill states that the Nantucket specimens "differ somewhat from the ordinary form." Dr. Osbuni thinks that this statement refers to the variety americana Lamouroux, which is common at Crab Ledge. Scmparia clatiata Hincks. Osburn, 1912, p. 221. Crab Ledge, in 18 fathoms, several colonies growing on Gemellaria loricata; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, on Bugula murrayana. Family CELI.ULARJID.B. Cellularia peachii Busk. Osbum, 1912, p. 223. Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, a fewfragments on Bugula murrayana. Not pre viously recorded south of the St. Lawrence. Menipea ternala (Solander). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 711, 496 (Cellularia ternatal); Osbum, 1912, p. 222. Off Gay Head, "a species of Cellularia, allied to ternala." Verrill. Dredged by the Survey only in the outer waters of the region, on rocky and shelly bottoms. Taken a half mile SW. of Gay Head; in Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms; Sankaty Head, E. by S., 24 fathoms, very abundant; ESE., in 20 fathoms, common; Crab Ledge. Scrupocellaria scabra (Van Beneden). Osburn, 1912, p. 223. Woods Hole harbor, in drift ; Crab Ledge, on a few shells. Caber ea ellisii (Fleming). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 711, 420; Osburn, 1912, p. 222. Moath of Vineyard Sound, off Gay Head, 8 to 12 fathoms; off Buzzards Bay, 25 fathoms. Ver rill. Crab Ledge; off Sankaty Head, E. by S., 24 fathoms, very abundant, ESE., 13 fathoms, abundant; ESE-, 20 fathoms, common; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, com mon. Survey. Family BICELLARIID^. Bicellaria ciliata (Linnseus). [Chart 30.] Osburn, 1912, p. 224. Occasional stations throughout Vineyard Sound , taken a few times at the mouth of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 7 to 15 fathoms, on sand, gravel, and shells. Also recorded from piles at Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven, and Nan tucket. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis, 7564 bis, 7699, 7702, 7706, 7729, 7730, 7733, 7741, 7742, 7744, 7745. Supplementary stations (1906): 7567; (1907): 7780; (1909): 7660, 7668, 7671. Phalarope stations: 5, 68. Bugula turrita (Desor). [Chart 31.] Desor, 1848, p. 66 (Cellularia turrila, sp. nov.); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 7 12 . 311, etc.; Os burn, 1912, p. 225. Abundant and almost universally distributed in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound; not recorded from Crab Ledge or other outlying points; dredged by the Survey in i to 19 fathoms, on all kinds of bottom, as well as collected at very numerous points along shores, on piles, etc.; frequently found at tached to floating eelgrass. Fish Hawk stations: 7523, 7523 bis, 7524 bis, 7528 (few), 7530 bis (much), 7531 bis (much), 7532 bis (few clusters), 7533 bis, 7534 (abundant), 7535. 7535 bis (few), 7536 (abundant), 7538 ( ?), 7538 bis (very much), 7539 bis (few col onies), 7541 bis (many), 7542, 7542 bis (several colonies), 7543 bis (?), 7544 (abundant), 7545 bis, 7546 (2 large clusters), 7547 bis, 7548 (many clusters), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (much), 7551 (abundant), 7551 bis (several colonies), 7552 bis (many colonies), 7553 (abundant), 7553 bis (very much), 7554 (many), 7554 bis (little), 7557 (many), 7558, 7559. 756, 756i (many), 7562, 7562 bis (few colonies), 7563 (many), 7563 bis (few col onies), 7564 (many), 7564 bis (considerable), 7565 (many), 7565 bis (considerable), 7568, 7569 bis (i colony), 7570 (few), 7572 (many pieces), 7574, 7575 (few), 7576 (several col onies), 7577 (few), 7578 (several colonies), 7580 (few), 7581 (many colonies), 7582 (several clusters), 7584 (abundant), 7585, 7587 (many clusters), 7588 (abundant), 7589 (abundant), 7590 (few pieces), 7591 (many), 7592 (few), 7593 7594 (several clusters), 7595 (many), 7596. 759 8 (few), 7599, 7610, 7611, 7612, 7613, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 599 Bngula turriia Continued. 7615, 7616, 7617, 7618, 7619, 7620 (?), 7622, 7627, 7630, 7637, 7638 (?), 7639, 7640, 7641 (?). 7 6 43. 7644, 7645, 7646, 7 6 5 6 . 7659. 7 66 . 7661, 7662 (?), 7664, 7666, 7667, 7670, 7671, 7672, 7673, 7675, 7676, 7678, 7679 (abundant), 7680 (several clusters), 7681, 7682 (few), 7688, 7689, 7690, 7692, 7697, 7698, 7699, 7700, 7702, 7703, 7706, 7707, 7708 (abundant), 7709, 7710, 7/17, 77 l8 > 77 9. 7720, 772L 77 2 4. 77 2 5. 77 2 7. 7728, 7729, 7730, 7731, 7732, 7733, 7734, 7733, 773 6 . 7738, 7739. 774, 774L 7742 (much), 7743 (little), 7744 (much), 7745, 7749 (much), 7750 (little), 7751 (little), 7754 (little), 7755 (little), 7759 (little), 7760 (little), 7761 (little), 7763 (little), 7768, 7769, 7778, 7779 (little), 7780 (little), 7781, 7782 (little), 7783 (little). Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7537, 7567, 7633, "723; (1907): 7526, 7538, 7542, 7551, 7581, 7718, 7728, 7731, 7739, 7761, 7763, 7776, 7780; (1909): 7627, 7634, 7636, 7643, 7653, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i, 2 (few pieces), 3, 5 (few pieces), 6 (many pieces), 7 (many pieces), 8 (few), 9 (few), 12 (few pieces), 15, 16, (many), 22 (common), 23 (few), 24 (common), 32 (few), 35 (i colony), 36 (common), 39 (abundant), 45 (much), 46 (much), 50 (small amount), 51, 52 (many), 53 (many), 55 (few), 58 (common), 59 (com mon), 60 (few), 61 (?), 62 (many), 63 (many), 64 (much), 65 (many), 66 (many), 67 (many), 68 (many), 69 (several colonies), 73 (abun dant), 74 (many), 75 (few colonies), 76 (few), 77 (few), 81 (i colony), 82 (common), 83 (small masses), 85, 103, 105 (living), 108, no, in (few), 112, 113, 114, 116 (large quantities), 117 (many), 118 (common), 121 (common), 122 (few), 123 (few), 124 (few), 128 (common), 129 (common), 130 (abundant), 131 (common), 134 (common), 136 (common), 137 (abundant), 138 (common), 139, 140 (few colonies), 141 (com mon), 142 (common), 144 common), 146 (few), 147 (few), 148 (common), 150 (common), 151, 152 (few), 154, 158, 159 (several clusters), 160 (several worn colonies), 163 (very abundant), 164 (few), 167 (i old colony). Supplementary stations (1909): 79, 83, 131, 146. ? Bugula avicularia (Linnseus). Verrill, 1879, p. 189; Osburn, 1912, p. 226. Listed by Verrill as occurring from "Long Island Sound to Spitzbergen, " but not noted by the Survey. Bugula gracilis uncinata Hincks. Osburn, 1912, p. 224. Vineyard Sound, at both ends (several records); dredged in 5 to 10 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and gravel; Mattapoisett Harbor; Nobska Beach, in drift material; shore of No Mans Land; floating in Vineyard Sound; Round Hill Point; Fort Phoenix; Nantucket cable. Fish Hawk stations: 7755, 7775, 7777- Supple mentary stations (1906): 7723 (1907): 7776. Phalarope stations: 6, 161. Bugula cucullifera Osburn. Osburn, 1912, p. 225 (nom. nov.). A few small colonies taken at Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909. Bugula flabellata Thompson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 711, 389; Verrill. 1879, p. 179 (Bugula flustroides); Davenport, 1891, p. 46; Osburn, 1912, p. 225. Vineyard Sound, 6 to 8 fathoms; on piles in Woods Hole Harbor. Verrill. Identified from only two dredging stations of the Survey (Phalarope stations 24 and 60), though per haps frequently overlooked; collected, like wise, at Woods Hole, from Bureau of Fisheries pier; Vineyard Haven, Edgartown, Katama Bay, Nantucket Harbor; in all cases on piles of piers. Bugula murrayana (Johnston). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 711, 496; Osburn, 1912, p. 226. Off Gay Head, 10 to 20 fathoms. Verrill. Crab Ledge; abundant off Sankaty Head, E. by S., 24 fathoms, common; ESE., 13 fathoms, abundant; ESE., 20 fathoms, abundant; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, on shells and pebbles. Survey. Family MEMBRANIPORID^. Membranipora cymb&formis Hincks. Osburn, 1912, p. 230. Taken at Crab Ledge in 14 to 20 fathoms and off Sankaty ESE., 13 to 20 fathoms; not uncom mon, incrusting the stems of hydroids and of other Bryozoa. Membranipora pihsa (Linnaeus). [Chart 32.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 712, 406; Osburn, 1912, p. 228. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Common through out both Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; especially abundant at Gay Head and Devils Bridge; dredged in i to 17 fathoms, sand and 6oo BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Membranipora pilosa Continued. gravel. Survey. Recorded also from Woods Hole Harbor, on piles; Nobska Beach; Vine yard Haven, on piles; Lagoon Pond, on piles; Nantucket Harbor, on piles; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms, on shells; Cedar Tree Neck; No Mans Land, shore; sur face of Vineyard Sound, on floating weed; Great Pond; Scraggy Neck. Fish Hawk station: 7533 bis, 7536 (on alga), 7557 (on eel grass), 7559 ? (on eel grass), 7560 (on Chondrus crispus), 7562 (on Chondms crisp us), 7567 (on alga), 7574 (many patches), 7579 ( ) ( on Laminaria), 7581 (on alga), 7582 ? (abundant on Laminaria and on Chondrus crispus), 7584 (on Chondrus crispiis), 7585 ? (on Laminaria), 7587 (abundant on algae), 7589 ? (abundant on Laminaria), 7592 ? (on Lamina ria ), 7611, 7614, 7615, 7619, 7630, 7636, 7639, 7656, 7659, 7667, 7678 (on Polynices shell), 7685, 7701, 7706, 7708, 7710, 7718, 7720, 7721, 7722, 7723, 7724, 7728, 7739, 7764. Supplementary stations (1906): 7723; (1907): 7581, 7731, 7739, 7761, 7783; (1909): 7659. Phalarope and Blue Wing station: i, 2, 3, 16, 32, 36, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 56, 57, 58, 64, 67, 74, 82, 83, 87, 91, in, 116, 117. Supplementary sta tion (1909): 83. Membranipora craticula Alder. Osburn, 1912, p. 229. Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fathoms, on shells and on Bugula murrayana. Also from Crab Ledge, Muskeget Channel, No Mans Land and Nantucket Shoals. Membranipora lineata (Linnseus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 712, 406, etc.; Osburn, 1912, p. 228. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Large colony, grow ing on Laminaria, taken at Devils Bridge (Blue Wing station 46), in 2 to 3>< fathoms, sandy bottom. Also dredged at Crab Ledge, in 15 fathoms, and collected at Woods Hole Harbor on Fucus, Vineyard Haven and Nan tucket on piles; not common. Membranipora unicornis (Fleming). Osburn, 1912, p. 230. Dredged at the Great Round Shoal fishing ground in 8 fathoms, several fine colonies incrusting shells. Membranipora monostachys Busk. [Chart 33.] Osburn, 1912, p. 277. Vineyard Sound at scattered stations throughout its length; Buzzards Bay, at a few widely sepa rated points; dredged by the Survey in 3 to 19 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms; grow ing upon shells, rarely upon alga?, the egg cases of skates, or the carapace of Limulus. Re corded, also, from Muskeget Channel and Great Round Shoal, from among drift on the shore of No Mans Land, and from Woods Hole Harbor and Nantucket, on piles. Fish Hawk stations: 7532 bis, 7533 bis, 7558 (on mussel shell), 7680, 7683, 7697, 7709, 7722 7727, 7777, 7779- Supplementary stations (1907): 7538; (1909); 7659, 7660, 7671. Phalarope stations: 3,164. Supplementary sta tions (1909): 83, 146. Membranipora lacromi (Adouin). Osburn, 1912, p. 227. A fine colony, 6 inches in diameter, found by Mr. E. D. Congdon in the estuary of the Weweantic River, incrusting a stone, collected at low tide. This species not previously recorded for the American coast south of the St. Lawrence River. Membranipora tenuis Desor. [Chart 34.] Desor, 1848, p. 66 (sp. nov.); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 712, 420; Osburn, 1912, p. 231. Muskeget Channel. Desor. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Common throughout Vineyard Sound; taken at frequent stations in the Bay, though apparently lacking in the central parts; recorded, also, from Muskeget Channel, in 7 fathoms, and Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fathoms. Stones and shells bear ing this species dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on various bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7532 bis, 7533 bis, 7543 (on shell of Modiolus), 7545 bis, 7547 bis, 7659, 7666, 7678 (on Polynices shell), 7679, 7680, 7682. 7686, 7698, 7699, 7700, 7703, 7706, 7707, 7708, 7709, 7717. 772, 7722, 7727, 7730, 7731, 7734, 7735. 774, 774i, 7749, 7755, 7759, 776o, 7766, 7767, 7768, 7769, 7774, 7775, 7776, 7777, 7780, 7781, 7782, 7783. Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7723, 7731; (1907): 7521, 7526, 7533, 7542, 7543, 7549. 75 Sl , 77*8. 7?66, 7770, 7775. 7776, 77So; (1909): 7624, 7629, 7634, 7636, 7653, 7659, 7 6 70, 76/1, 7672. Phalarope stations: 2, 6, 15, 24, 68, 83, 109, 150, 152, 163 (common), 165 (few), 167 (few). Sup plementary station (1909): 83. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 60 1 Membranipora jlcminc/ii Busk. [Chart 35.] Osburn, 1912, p. 231. Taken by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound, incrusting shells, stones, and occasionally algae, at depths of from 3 to 19 fathoms. Common at Muskeget Channel, in 7 fathoms; Crab Ledge, in 14 to 20 fathoms; off Sankaty Head, ESE., 13 to 20 fathoms (V. N. Edwards, col.). Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis, 7538, 7544 bis, 7683, 7723, 7726, 7748, 7768, 7770, 7775, 7776. Blue Wing station 46. Membranipora aurita Hincks. [Chart 36.] Osburn, 1912, p. 230. Taken by the Survey at a few stations in Vine yard Sound, near both ends; also in lower half of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 7 to 15 fathoms, on bottoms of clear or muddy sand and gravel ; mainly incrusting shells and algae. Also taken in Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms, Great Round Shoal and Crab Ledge. Fish Hawk stations: 7525, 7533 bis, 7723, 7725, 7749, 7768, 7770, 7776. Supplementary sta tions (1909): 7636, 7643, 7653, 7657, 7659, 7660, 7672. Phalarope stations (supplementary, 1909): 83, 131. Membranipora tehuelcha (d Orbigny). Osburn, 1912, p. 231. Common in Vineyard Sound, incrusting floating gulfweed; No Mans Land, on stranded gulf- weed. The only member of the genus noted upon gulfweed locally. Membranipora arctica (d Orbigny). Osburn, 1912, p. 229. Crab Ledge, July 23, 1907, in 16 fathoms, two small colonies on shells; August 12, 1909, common on stones and shells. Membranipora arctica armifera (Hincks). Osburn, 1912, p. 229. Crab Ledge, in 16 fathoms, one colony on shell; August 12, 1909, several colonies on shells and stones. Family CRIBRILINID.E. Cribrilina punctata (Hassall). [Chart 37.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 403 (Eschari- pora punctata); Osburn, 1912, p. 232. Vineyard Sound, common. Verrill. Taken by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound, on stones and shells, but Cribrilina punctata Continued. never abundant. Common, however, at vari ous outlying points, c. g., Crab Ledge; off Sankaty Head, ESE., 13 to 20 fathoms (V. N. Edwards, col.); Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms; a half mile SW. of Gay Head. Fish Hawk stations: 7522, 7538 bis, 7544 bis, 7549 bi s, 75&z, 7^5, 77*7, 7723, 772. 7748, 7768. Blue Wing station 46. Cribrilina annulata (Fabricius). Osburn, 1912, p. 232. Crab Ledge in 18 fathoms, July 22, 1907, a small colony; August 12, 1909, several colonies; Nan- tucket Shoals. Family PORINID^. Porina tubulosa (Norman). Osburn, 1912, p. 233. Muskeget Channel, July 22, 1907, rare on shells; Crab Ledge, July 23, 1907, and August 12, 1909, rare on stones and shells; Nantucket Shoals. Family MICROPORELUD^E. M,icroporella citiata i Pallas). Osburn, 1912, p. 233. Taken ^2 mile SW. of Gay Head (a number of col onies, on shells of Pecten magellanicus); east ern end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk sta tion 7766 (one good-sized colony on a pebble); off Gay Head, at Blue Wing station 46 (several colonies on shells of Pecten magellanicus); western shore of Buzzards Bay, at Phalarope station 167 (a few small colonies on shells of various sorts). Likewise taken at Crab Ledge, in 14 to 20 fathoms, on shells and pebbles, at Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fath oms, on shells, and at Nantucket Shoals. Never taken in large numbers. Microporella ciliata stellata (Verrill). Osburn, 1912, p. 234. Taken in eastern end of Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk stations 7521 and 7766; likewise at Crab Ledge, on stones and shells; common; off San katy Head, ESE., 13 to 20 fathoms (V. N. Ed wards, col.), common; Muskeget Channel, in 7 fathoms, scarce; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, Sfathoms, common; Nantucket Shoals. 602 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family MYRIOZOID^E. Schizoporella unicornis (Johnston). [Chart 38.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 312, etc. (Escharella variabilis) , Verrill, i875a, p. 41 (Hippothoa reversa), Osburn, 1912, p. 236. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Nantucket Harbor, off Gay Head. Verrill. Abundant and almost universally distributed in Vine yard Sound; perhaps equally general in Buz zards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in r> to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Recorded, also, from shores and wharves, throughout the entire region . This species may either incrust stones, shells, etc., in flat sheets, gradually building up thick masses; or it may occasion ally form wavy ridges, projecting freely from the stems of algae and hydroids. Particularly beautiful specimens have been taken by us, growing on Tubularia coutkouyi. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 (?), 7524 bis, 7525 bis, 7526 (several masses on stem of dead hydroid), 7530 bis, 7531 (on Crepidula), 7532 (?), 7533 bis (?), 7535. 7536 (abundant), 7537 (on Thuiaria), 7538 (on Tubularia coutkouyi), 7538 bis, 7539 (many-layered mass), 7541 bis (?), 7543 ( on shell of Modiolus], 7543 bis, 7546 bis, 7549 bis, 7550 bis, 7551 (on Clidiophora), 7551 bis (?), 7552 bis, 7553, 7554 bis (?), 7558 (on mussel shell), 7559 (on Eudendrium), 7560 (common, pink or orange when fresh), 7562 (on mussel shell), 7563 (?), 7564 (?) (many- layered mass), 7564 bis, 7565 bis, 7567 (?) (many-layered mass), 7572 (?) (few on algae), 7577 ( ) ( on Mytilus shell), 7581 (on algae), 7586 ( )> 75 8 7 (many pieces, attached to Chondrus crispus and other algae; pink and coral-like in appearance), 7588 (many pieces, attached to Chondrus crispus and other algse; pink and coral-like in appearance), 7593 (many pieces, pink and coral-like), 7594 (?), 7595 (many pieces, pink, coral-like form), 7596 (few), 7611, 7612, 7615, 7618, 7619, 7622, 7625, 7626, 7627, 7628, 7632, 7633, 7635, 7636, 7639, 7640, 7644, 7645, 7646, 7648, 7655, 7656, 7659, 7660, 7664, 7666, 7670, 7671, 7672, 7674, 7675, 7676, 7678, 7679, 7680, 7682, 7686, 7688, 7689, 7690, 7692, 7693, 7697, 7698, 7699, 7700, 7701, 7702, 7703, 7704, 7706, 7707, 7708, 7717, 7722, 7724, 7727, 773. 773 1 7732. 7738. 7739. 774, 774i> 7742, 7743, 7744, 7745, 7746, 7747, 7749, 7751, 7753 (?), Schizoporella unicornis Continued . 7755, 775 6 , 7757. 7753, 7759, 7?6- 7763, 7?64> 7765, 7766, 7767, 7768, 7769, 7770, 7772, 7773, 7774, 7775, 7776, 7777, 7778, 7779, 7780, 7?8i, 7782, -7783. Supplementary stations (1906): 75 2 S. 7527. 7537. 75 6 7, 7 6 33, 7745, (1907): 7521, 7526, 7530, 7538, 7543, 7549. 755L 75 8l > 7718, 7731, 7739, 7761, 7763, 7766, 7770, 7775, 7776, 7780, 7783; (1909): 7624, 7629, 7636, 7643, 7645, 7648, 7653, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 20, 22, 24, 30, 32, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46, 5i, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 67, 68, 74, 76, 83, 85, 87, 91, 96, 108, 109, in, 113, 116, 117, 118, 134, 137, 141, 144. 5. = 5 2 > !56, 160 (few), 163 (abundant), 164 (common), 165 (few), 166 (few), 167 (abundant). Supplementary sta tions (1909): 79, 83, 165. Schizoporella biaperia (Michelin). [Chart 39.] Verrill, 18753, p. 41 (Hippothoa biaperta); Osburn, 1912, p. 237. Vineyard Sound, abundant. Verrill. Taken by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; recorded also from Crab Ledge, Great Round Shoal, Muskeget Channel, No Mans Land (drift), and the Nautucket cable. Dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms, growing on shells and stones. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis, 7544 bis, 7562, 7706, 7723, 7766, 7770, 7775, 7776. Supple mentary stations (1909): 7624, 7629, 7643, 7645, 7648, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 46, 163, 167. Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Schizoporella auriculata (Hassall). Osburn, 1912, p. 237. Crab Ledge, July 23, 1907, in 17 fathoms, and at Great Round Shoal fishing ground , on the same date, in 8 fathoms (both times in small num bers); Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, severtj colonies; Nantucket Shoals. Schizoporella sinuosa (Busk). Osburn, 1912, p. 238. Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, numerous colonies on stones. a Verrill described as a new species (1875, P- 41) a form of S. unicornis in which the position of the avicularum was reversed; i. e., pointing backward instead of forward. Dr. Osburn states that he has found colonies with the avicularia pointing in both directions and also exhibiting all sorts of intermediate positions. As no other distinguishing characters have been given, he regards reiersa as a synonym of unicorms. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 603 Hippothoa hyalina (Linnaeus). [Chart 40.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 405, etc. (Mollia hyalina); Osburn, 1912, p. 235. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, abundant. Verrill. Taken by the Survey in various parts of Vineyard Sound; less frequently in Buz zards Bay and mainly at inshore stations; abundant at Devils Bridge. Dredged in i to 17 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, occurring for the most part on algae, but occasionally on hydroids, Bryozoa, shells, etc. Recorded, also, for Crab Ledge; Nantucket, in harbor, and at south shore; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms (very abundant on stems of hy- droids); likewise from various shores and wharves in the region, and from the Nantucket cable ; abundant on floating weed in Vineyard Sound. Fish Hawk stations: 7560, 7562 (on Chondrus crispus), 7581 (on alga), 7582 (on Chondrus crispus), 7587, 7613, 7659, 7685, 7721, 7724, 7727, 7771. Supplementary stations (1906): 7723; (1907): 7526, 7581, 7783; (1909): 7627, 7671. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20, 24, 30, 44, 45- 46, 47. S 1 - 56, 57. 6 3. 6 4. 67. 83, 91, in, 163 (few). Supplementary station (1909): 83. Hippothoa divaricata Lamouroux. Osburn, 1912, p. 235. Vineyard Sound, near both ends, at Fish Hawk stations 7526 and 7723 (1906 repetition); like wise at Crab Ledge in 18 fathoms. In all of these cases only small colonies of a few cells were noted. Cellepora americana Osburn. [Chart 44.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 714, 312, etc. (Cel- leporaramulosa);Osbum, 1912, p. 238(sp.nov.). Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Abundant throughout the Sound ; scarce in the Bay; dredged in i to 19 fathoms, on very vari ous bottoms, commonly attached to hydroids, algae, or Bugula. Survey. Also in drift on the shores of No Mans Land and Nantucket. Cellepora americana Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7523^?), 7532 (many on Eudendrium), 7533 bis, 7534, 7538 bis, 7540 (few small masses on stems of Eudendrium), 7547 bis, 7550, 7557 (abundant on Eudendrium), 7559, 7560 (on Bugula turrita), 7562 (abun dant), 7564 bis, 7570, 7572 (on Eudendrium and Pennaria), 7574, 7576, 7579 (abundant), 7581, 7591 (abundant on Bugula), 7594 (very abun dant*!, 7595 (many), 7598, 7616, 7618, 7656, 7660, 7679, 7680, 7681, 7682, 7689, 7693, 7699, 7700, 7701, 7704, 7706, 7707, 7709, 7718, 7719, 7724, 7725. 773. 7731- 7732, 7733. 7734, 7739, 7741, 7742, 7744. 7753( ? ). 7768, 7769, 7774, 7775, 7781. Supplementary stations (1906): 7537, 75 6 7, 7723 7745: (i97): 75 26 > 7538, 7549. 755 1 . 758i, 773L 7739. 7775. 7?8o; (1909): 7618, 7638, 7643, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 5, 6, 7 (few pieces)?, 8, 46, 51, 113, 160. Cellepora canaliculata Busk. Osburn, 1912, p. 239. Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, one large branched colony, and two of the ordinary pisiform type. Family ESCHARID^E. Lepralia americana Verrill. a Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 713, 420 (? Lepralia paliasiana); Verrill, 1875, p. 415, pi. VII, fig. 4; Davenport, 1891, p. 47 (Lepralia palias iana); Osburn, 1912, p. 241. Unequivocal records for this species as follows: Western end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7719; Buzzards Bay at 1909 repetitions of Fish Hawk stations 7657, 7668, 7671, 7672, and of Phalarope station 165; Woods Hole Harbor, on piles; Nantucket Harbor, on piles; Muskeget Channel, 7 fathoms; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms; Crab Ledge. (For other possible records see below.) Lepralia paliasiana (Moll). & Leidy, 1855, p. 9, fig. 23 (Escharina pediostoma); Osburn, 1912, p. 240. This species and the following were undoubtedly confused by Verrill, probably in the Vineyard Sound report, and cer tainly in his later papers, in which he refers only to L. americaua after his description of that species. In the 1875 paper, for example, figure 4 can be identified with certainty as L. americana; but figure 5 of the same plate, which is without doubt L. paliasiana Moll, is referred to as representing " the same without ootheca" as figure 4. The present authors followed Verrill in their earlier records for this report, and the two species were thus confused. Hence, unfortunately, it is impossible to present the distribution of these forms separately. The resulting combined records are given below. A few unequivocal records for each species are likewise presented, however. & Concerning the confusion of this with the preceding species, see above. Leidy undoubtedly figured this species, recording it from Beesleys Point, N. J. Dr. Osburn has found it in the drift on the north shore of Cape Cod; likewise in Vineyard Sound, where it is not uncommon, ranging from the low -water mark to the deepest parts. 604 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Lepralia pallasiaiia Continued. Independent records for this species: Buzzards Bay at repetitions (1909) of Fish Hawk sta tions 7645, 7648, and 7671, and of Phalarope station 83; Woods Hole Harbor, on piles; West Falmouth Harbor, shallow water; New Bedford, on piles; Cedar Tree Neck, along shore; Vineyard Haven, on piles; Muskeget Channel, 5 fathoms; Nantucket Harbor, on piles; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, 8 fathoms; Crab Ledge, 14 to 20 fathoms (?). Locally, this is believed to be predominantly a shallow water form. Lepralia americana and L. pallasiana (combined records). [Chart 41.] Fish Hawk stations: 7557 (on eel grass), 7560 (on Chondrus crispus), 7587, 7611, 7614, 7619, 7656, 7664, 7678, 7681, 7690, 7692, 7700, 7701, 7727, 7743, 7766, 7783. Supplementary stations: 7525 (1906), 7526 (1907), 7537 (1906), 7581 (1907), 7718 (1907), 7723 (1906), 7731 (1907), 7739 (1907). 7/8 (i9 7)- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 24, 36, 45, 51, 58, 63, 68, 76, 82, 83, 118, 159 (i small colony). Lepralia pert-lisa (Esper). [Chart 42.] Verrill, 1879, p. 193 (Escharina porosa);"- Osburn, 1912, p. 241. Vineyard Sound, & to 12 fathoms, common. Verrill. Scattered stations in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; 3 to 15 fathoms, growing on shells and less commonly on Debbles. Survey. Also recorded from Crab Ledge and Great Round Shoal. Fish Hawk stations: 7522, 7533 bis, 7538, 7544 bis, 7549, 7717, 7723, 7726, 7739, 7770, 7775, 7776. Supplementary stations (1909): 7624, 7629, 7643, 7648, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 46, 163, 167. Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131. Lepralia serrala Osburn. Osburn, 1912, p. 242 (sp. nov.). Recorded from a few scattered stations in Vine yard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 6 to 15 fath oms; Muskeget Channel, in 7 fathoms; Crab Ledge, in 14 to 20 fathoms; Great Round Shoal fishing ground in 8 fathoms. This species grows on shells, forming at first a rather smooth and later a very rough incrustation. Fish Hawk stations: 7521, 7546 bis, 7549, 7726. Supplementary stations (1909): 7636, 7668, Phalarope 83. Mucronclla peachii (Johnston). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 714, 496 (f Discopora cocdnea); Osburn, 1912, p. 243. Vineyard Sound and Quicks Hole, very abund ant. Verrill. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound ; likewise taken at Crab Ledge, off Sankaty Head, at Great Round Shoal and in Muskeget Channel. For the most part this species occurs incrusting stones and shells, occasionally on algae. Fish Hawk stations: 7538, 7546 bis, 7697, 7723, 7748, 7770, 7775. Blue Wing station 46. Alucronella ventricosa (Hassall). Osburn, 1912, p. 243. "Taken rather rarely at Crab Ledge, growing on stones and shells, at 14 to 20 fathoms. " Mucronella pavonella (Alder). Osburn, 1912, p. 243. Several colonies incrusting hydroid stems and stones at Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909. Also on shell of Modiolus modiolus, in U. S. National Museum, labeled "Vineyard Sound, 1875, station 4708." Smittia trispinosa (Johnston). Osburn, 1912, p. 246. A number of colonies taken at Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, on stones; also recorded from Buzzards Bay, near Penikese Island, at Fish Hawk station 7672. Smittia trispinosa nitida (Verrill). [Chart 43.] Verrill, 1875, P- 4 J 5 (Discopora nitida, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1879, p. 195 (Mucronella nitida); Osbum, 1912, p. 246. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Abundant and almost universally distributed in Vineyard Sound; common, though perhaps less general, in Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey at all depths and on every kind of bottom throughout the region, incrusting shells and stones. Recorded, also, from Woods Hole Harbor, on piles; Great Pond; Nobska Point and beach; shore of No Mans Land. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (?), 7523, 7524 bis, 752-5 bis, 7528 (?) (on stones), 7530 bis, 7533 bis, 7534, 7535 (a shells and stones), 7536 bis, 7537 ( ? ) (onstones), 7538 bis, 7539 ( ?) (on stone), 7541 (?) (on stone), 7541 bis (?), 7543 (on shell of Modiolus), 7544 bis, 7545 bis, 7546 bis, 7547 bis, 7549 bis, 7550 (on Thuiaria and Euden- drium), 7551 (on Clidiophora), 7551 bis (?), 7552 (?) (on mussel shell and on stone), 7554 bis (?), " Dr. Osbura is unable to regard the Escharina forosa. of Verrill as being specifically distinct from LctraUa Pertttsa (Esper). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 605 Smittia trispinosa nitida Continued. 7558, 7561 (?) (on mussel shell), 7562 (on mus sel shell and on Chondrus crispus), 7563 bis, 7564 bis, 7565 bis, 7576 (on Crepidula shell), 7582 (on Chondrus crispus), 7586 (?), 7587 (on algae), 7611, 7612, 7613, 7614, 7615, 7622, 7628, 7629, 7630, 7632, 7634, 7635, 7637, 7639, 7640, 7644, 7648, 7650, 7660, 7664, 7666, 7671, 7672, 7673. 7675. 7 68 3> 7 6 9. 7692, 7693. 7694, 7698. 7699, 7708, 7717, 7727, 7729, 7730, 7732, 7733, 7735. 773 s . 7739. 774, 774L 7742, 7744, 7745, 7746, 7748, 7751, 7753 (?), 7754, 7755, 7756, 7760, 7765, 7766, 7767, 7768, 7769, 7770, 7771, 7772, 7773. 7774, 7775, 777. 7777, 7778, 778o, 7781, 7782, 7783. Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7537, 7567, 7633, 7709, 7723, 7745, 7748; (1907): 75 2I > 75 2 6, 7530, 7538, 7542, 7543, 7549, 755 1 , 75 8 i, 773*. 7739. 77i> 7763, 7766, 7770, 7775, 7776, 7780; (1909): 7624, 7629, 7643, 7645, 7648, 7659, 7660, 7668, 7670, 7671, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 1,2,3, 5 <> 7, 8, 15, 16, 20, 24, 30, 32, 36, 37, 44, 45, 56, 58, 63, 64, 65, 68, 74, 76, 83, 85, 87, 91, 92, 96, 100, in, 113, 114, 116, 117, 134, 135, 137, 144, 145, 147 (abundant), 148 ? (abundanton shells), 149 ? (abundant on shells), 150, 153 (?), 156, 158, i6o(few), 163 (abundant), 164 (common), 166, 167 (abundant). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Smittia porifcra (Smitt). Osburn, 1912, p. 245. Taken with some frequency at Crab Ledge, in 17 fathoms, and at Great Round Shoal fishing ground , on shells and on the stems of hy droids and Boltenia. Porella propinqua (Smitt). Osburn, 1912, p. 248. Crab Ledge, and off Sankaty Head, not uncom mon on shells and hydroid stems. Porella acutirostris Smitt. Osburn, 1912, p. 248. Taken by the Survey on various occasions at Crab Ledge and at Great Round Shoal fishing ground, incrusting shells and pebbles; com mon. Porella concinna (Busk). Osburn, 1912, p. 247. Crab Ledge, incrusting stones and shells, 14 to 20 fathoms; not common. Porella proboscidca Hincks. Osburn, 1912, p. 249. Taken in abundance at Crab Ledge, Great Round Shoal, and off Sankaty Head ESE-, in 23 fathoms; also at Nantucket Shoals. Rhamphostomella bilaminala (Hincks). ? Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 7 r 4. 4 T 9 (Cellepora scabra a ); Osburn, 1912, p. 244. Vineyard Sound and Quicks Hole.? Verrill. Taken by the Survey at several points in Vine yard Sound and Buzzards Bay; common at Crab Ledge, in 14 to 21 fathoms, on hydroid stems; Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7743, 7745; Phalarope station i. Rhamphostomella costata Lorenz. Osburn, 1912, p. 244. Thus far only recorded from two outlying points, Crab Ledge (common) and Great Round Shoal (scarce), in company with the preceding species. Rkamphoslomclla ovata (Smitt). Osburn, 1912, p. 245. Vineyard Sound, 1875, one well-developed col ony on shell of Modiolus modiolus; Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909, a few small colonies. Family FLUSTRELLID/E. Flustrello. kispida (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 312, etc. (Alcy- onidium kispidum); Davenport, 1891, p. 49; Osburn, 1912, p. 250. Woods Hole Harbor, on Ascophyllum beds, abun dant; Tarpaulin Cove ; Cedar Tree Neck; Rob insons Hole. Locally very abundant, incrust ing Fuctis and Ascophyllum, at low water mark; less commonly found upon rocks, or other objects; not recorded, however, from dredging stations. Family ALCYONIDIID^E. A Icyo nidium iierrilli Osburn . Verrill, 1872, p. 289 (Alcyonidium ramosum); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 404, etc. (Alcyonidium ramosum); Osburn, 1912, p. 252 (nom. nov.). Eastward to Vineyard Sound, "often very abun dant, attached to rocks in shallow water. Ver rill. This species is rare in the waters dredged by the survey, having been taken in only one locality, Phalarope station 37, at Sow and Pigs Reef, where two small specimens were found. Q The Ccllepora scabra of Smitt has been separated into several species, of which two are herewith recorded. While it is impossible to identify Verrill s record with certainty, it seems probable that he referred to the present species, rather than to the following, which is less common and has not been taken in the inner waters of the Sound. 6o6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. fAlcyonidium hirsutum (Fleming). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 404, etc.; Os- bum, 1912, p. 252. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. This species has not been identified in the Survey dredgings. Ac cording to Verrill, it is found "living under the same circumstances as the last [-4. hispi- dum], and sometimes associated with it, both above and below low- water mark." fAlcyonidium gelatinosum (Linnaeus) Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 709, 496; Osburn- 1912, p. 252. "A few small specimens, apparently belonging to this species, were dredged in the deeper parts of Vineyard Sound," on red algae. Ver rill. Not identified in the survey dredgings, Alcyonidium parasiticum (Fleming). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 708, 404; Osbum, 1912, p. 251. Vineyard Sound, on rocky bottoms, at depths of a few fathoms, "forming thin crusts on algae and hydroids, which generally become coated with a layer of fine sand or dirt." Ver rill. Crab Ledge, August 12, 1909; several colonies on hydroids; recorded also from two uncharted stations (7784 and 7785), which, strictly speaking, lie outside of the limits of the region treated in the present report (off No Mans Land, S. by W., 29 fathoms). Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell. Verrill, 1879, p. 188 (Alcyonidium rubrum); Osburn, 1912, p. 251. "Long Island Sound to Nova Scotia, common all along the coast." Verrill. Dredged by the Survey at the western end of Vineyard Sound, 13 to 16 fathoms; also near the entrance cf Woods Hole passage; one good-sized col ony taken at Great Round Shoal fishing ground, in 8 fathoms, on a shell. Likewise found in abundance, incrusting barnacles on piles in New Bedford Harbor, and not in frequently occurring on the legs and carapace of Libinia, occasionally even in the branchial chamber. Family CYUNDRCECID^E. Anguinella palmata Van Beneden. Osburn, 1912, p. 253. Two colonies taken July 20, 1909, at a repetition of Fish Hawk station 7659 in Buzzards Bay. Previously recorded from this coast only at Charleston, S. C. Family VESICULARIID.. Amathia dichotoma (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 709, 389, etc. (Vesicularia dichotoma, sp. nov.), Osburn, 1912, p. 254. Survey records: Woods Hole Harbor, Katama Bay, Edgartown, Nantucket Harbor; in each case growing on piles, not taken during the dredgings. Verrill gives no specific local records for this region, but notes that it is a very common species, growing under a con siderable variety of conditions. Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy. [Chart 45.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 709, 389 (Vesicularia gracilis); Osburn, 1912, p. 253. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Occasional records for Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; dredged by the Survey in 4 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms. Recorded also from the piles of piers at New Bedford (abundant); Round Hill Point; Woods Hole; Vineyard Haven and Nantucket. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis, 7610, 7613, 7619, 7644, 7702, 7735; also 1906 repetitions of 7567, 7709, and 7723. Phalarope stations: 7, 65. Bowerbankia gracilis caudata (Hincks). Osburn, 1912, p. 254. Dredged by the Survey both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk stations 7613, 7626, and 7760; also at 1906 repetitions of stations 7567 and 7723. Recorded, likewise, from New Bedford, on piles, sometimes com pletely covering hydroids and algae; Woods Hole, on United States Bureau of Fisheries pier; West Falmouth Harbor; Vineyard Haven; Nantucket Harbor. ^Vesicularia familiaris (Gros). Verrill and Smith, 187,5, P- 7 IO > 487 (Farrella familiaris); Osburn, 1912, p. 255. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Not noted in the Survey dredgings. Family VALKERIID/E. Valkeria uiia (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 709, 389, etc. (Vesi cularia cuscata) ; Osburn, 1912, p. 255. Vineyard Sound, "found on hydroids attached to floating eelgrass, . . . also dredged in 6 to 8 fathoms, on algae, Sertularia argentea, and other hydroids. Verrill. Not recorded in the Survey collection. Miss Jeiiy (Syn. Catalogue of Marine Bryozoa. p. 267-269) gives Vesicularia cuscata Linnseus as synonymous with Valkeria I .iia. The genus Valkeria is distinguished from Vesicularia by the absence of a gizzard. Since, however, none of the species taken by the Survey, which could, by any possibility, fall within this genus, have been found to be destitute of a gizzard, it seems probable, either that Verrii! was wrong in placing the Vineyard Sound specimens in Vesicularia cuscata, or else that Miss Jelly is in error in her synonymy. To allow, nevertheless, for the possibility of the species having been overlooked by us, we will include Verrill s statement, as above. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 607 Family TRITICELLID/E. Hippuraria armata (Verrill). [Chart 46.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 710, 405 (Vesicu- laria armata, sp. nov.); Osburn, 1912, p. 256. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay ; dredged by the Survey in 4 to 1 5 fathoms, on variotis bottoms. Likewise recorded by us from the piles of wharves at New Bedford (abundant), Woods Hole, Edgartown, Katama Bay, and Nantucket; also from Fort Phoenix. Verrill records this species from floating sea weed. Hippuraria armata Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis, 7611, 7613, 7619, 7639, 7645, 7690, 7730, 7732, 7742, 7744, 7766. Supplementary stations (1906): 7525, 7633, 7708; (1909): 7659, 7660, 7668. Phalarope stations: 5, 6, 15. Hippuraria elongata Osburn. Osburn, 1912, p. 256 (sp. nov.). Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, and Woods Hole Harbor, In the branchial chamber of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and of the spider crabs (Libinia), growing on the walls of the cham ber and spreading over the gills, also on the back of Pinnixa. Taken several times locally. Bryozoa, undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7521, 7521 bis, 7522 bis, 7526, 7528, 7532, 7534 bis, 7535 bis, 7537 bis, 7538, 7539. 754i bis, 7542, 7549, 755 bis , 755 1 . 7553. 7553 bis, 7554, 7556, 7559, 7560, 7562 bis, 7567, 7569, 7572. 7575, 7578, 7579, 7S8i, 7583, 7584, 75 86 > 7588, 7589, 7591, 7592, 7596, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7606, 7607, 7608, 7609, 7726, 7737, 7752. Phalarope stations: 13, 25, 66, 75, 77, 85, 115, 123, 156, 157. Phylum ECHINODERMATA." Class ASTEROIDEA. Family SOLASTERID.-E. Solaster endeca (Linnaeus). Sun star. Clark, 1904, p. 556; 1905, p. i. Just enters the region at its northern limit; not uncommon at Crab Ledge. Clark. Fish Hawk station 7608, at Crab Ledge, in 20 fath oms, sand and gravel, i specimen, 3^ inches in diameter. Survey. Family EcHiNASTERirwE. Henricia sanguinolenta (Muller). Red starfish. [Chart 47. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 719, 407, etc. (Cri- brella sanguinolenta); Verrill, 1895, p. 205 (Cribrella sanguinolenta); Mead, 1898, p. 703 (Cribrella sanguinolenta); Clark, 1904, p. 555 (Cribrella sanguinolenta); 1905, p. 3 (Cribrella sanguinolenta). Woods Hole Harbor; Vineyard Sound, more com mon in the eastern half; in Buzzards Bay, rare and restricted to inshore stations and to its mouth; common at Crab Ledge; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, particularly on bottoms of gravel or stones. This species is said by Ver rill to reside particularly in the outer cold waters . Survey . Henricia sanguinolenta Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (several), 7522 bis (many small), 7523 (3), 7523 bis (few small), 7524 bis (i small), 7525 bis (i small), 7526 (several), 7528 (few), 7529 (few), 7530 bis (several), 7531 bis (few), 7532 (few), 7534 (many), 7534 bis (several small), 7535 (few), 7535 bis (several small), 7536 (several very small), 7537 (few), 7537 bis (several small), 7538, 7539 (few), 7541 (several), 7545 (many), 7546 (few), 7547 (many), 7547 bis (several small), 7548 (i), 7551 (few), 7553 bis (2), 7558 (many), 7560 (several), 7561 (few), 7562 (few), 7572 (few), 7588 (i), 7593 (2), 7594 (few very large), 7595 (few), 7604 (i large), 7605, 7606 (many), 7607 (several), 7608 (few), 7630 (i), 7639 (i), 7666 (i), 7670 (many), 7671 (several), 7672 (several), 7676 (i), 7680 (i), 7688 (2), 7689 (several), 7690 (i), 7698 (i), 7721 (few), 7730 (i large), 7731 (i), 7738 (2), 7741 (i), 7742 (4), 7743 (2), 7744 (several), 7746 (i small), 7748 (i), 7757 (several), 7758 (many), 7759 (several), 7763 (few), 7764 (common), 7770 (i), 7771 (2), 7774 (i). Supplementary station (1909): 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few very small), 3 (i), 5 (several), 6 (few small), 7 a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were indemnified by Dr. H. L. Clark. 16269 Bull. 3 1 - Pt 2 ~ J 3 5 6o8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Henricia sanguinolenta Continued. (several), 8 (few), n (2), 12 (2), 13 (3), 15 (few), 16 (few), 20 (2), 22 (i), 24 (few), 25 (few), 27 (2), 28 (2), 30 (few), 32 (3 very small), 34 (3), 35 (i small), 36 (3), 44 (2), 45 (2), 52 (2), 56 (i), 57 (few), 60 (i), 62 (i), 63 (i), 64 (i), 65 (i), 67 (i), 69 (2), 74 (i), 77 (many), 83 (i small), 85, 86, 87 (small), 108, 112, 115 (several large and small), 128 (2), 134 (i). The eggs are deposited around the mouth and retained by the mother until the young star fishes are able to take care of themselves. Verrill. Larva? taken in the tow net May 10. Bumpus. Breeds in the early spring. Clark. Family AsTERnM. Asterias austera Verrill. Clark, 1904, p. 555; 1905, p. 3. Common at Crab Ledge in 17 to 35 fathoms. Clark. Dredged by the Survey in 17 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of gravel and stones. Fish Hawk stations (all at Crab Ledge): 7603* (one, 2 inches diameter), 7605 (one, J^-jnch specimen), 7606 (5), 7607 (one, J<-inch), 7608* (one, z-inch), 7609* (one). Asterias forbesi (Desor). Common starfish (in this region). [Chart 48.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 718, 326, etc. (listed both as Asterias arenicola and A. forbesi, though the authors recognize that the two are probably identical); Verrill, 18953, p. 206; Mead, 1900, p. 203; Clark, 1904, p. 552; 1905, p. 4; Sum- ner, 1910, fig. 20. Abundant and of general distribution through out the region, from the adlittoral zone to the greatest depths of the Bay and Sound. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 19 fathoms, on all kinds af bottom. The abundance of the starfish is subject to great fluctuations from year to year, its presence or absence on a given spot being frequently determined by the presence or ab sence of mussel beds. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (2), 7522 (several), 7522 bis (i small), 7523 (2), 7523 bis (several small), 7525 bis (few), 7526 (several), 7527 (few), 7528 (few), 7530 (several), 7530 bis (few), 7531 (i small), 7531 bis (few small), 7532 (few small), 7532 bis (i), 7533 bis (i large, several small), 7534 (few), 7535 (several), 7535 bis (several small), 7536 (few), 7537 (many), 7538 (few), 7539 ( few ). 754i (few), 7543 (i), 7544 (few small), 7545 (few small), 7546 (few small), 7547 (few small), 7547 bis (2 small), 7548 (few small), 7549 (few small), 7549 bis (i), 7550 (many), 7551 bis (4 large), 7552 (few small), 7553 bis (2), 7554 (i small), 7554 bis (2), 7555 Asterias forbesi Continued. (several), 7556 (many), 7557 (i), 7S5 8 (few), 7559 C 1 ), 75 (0, 75 61 (few), 7564 (many), 7564 bis (i large), 7565 (few), 7566 (i), 7570 U). 7571 (several), 7579 (many), 7580 (i), 7581 (2), 7592 (many), 7593 (?few), 7594 (?few), 7595 (few), 7596 (i), 7608 (few), 7610 (2 small), 7612 (i), 7615 (many small), 7616 (several), 7619 (several small), 7620 (several small), 7621 (several), 7624 (few), 7625 (several), 7626 (i), 7628 (i), 7633 (i), 7638 (several), 7644 (i), 7653 (2), 7654 (several), 7660 (few), 7661 (several), 7663 (2), 7671 (many), 7672 (few), 7673 (15), 7675 (3), 7676 (i), 7678 (i), 7680 (2), 7681 (few), 7682 (several), 7687 (i), 7697 (i small), 7699 (i), 7700 (large number), 7701 (several), 7702 (i), 7703 (i), 7704 (i small), 7706 (few), 7707 (few), 7708 (few), 7709 (many), 7710 (2), 7717 (i), 7718 (? young), 7719 (few), 7720 (few), 7721 (few), 7723 (several), 7725 (2 small), 7726 (sev eral), 7727 (i), 7728 (2), 7729 (i), 7730 (i small), 7731 (i small), 7732 (several), 7733 (4 large), 7734(i), 773 6 ( J ). 7740 (2), 7744 (2), 775i( 2 ). 775 2 (i). 7753 (i small), 7759 (many), 7760 (several), 7762 (several), 7766 (many small), 7767 (sev eral small), 7769 (few small), 7770 (several small), 7772 (2 small), 7773 (i small), 7774 (few small), 7775 (i large), 7776 (many large and medium), 7777 (many), 7778 (common), 7779 (2), 7780 (very many, large), 7781 (many large), 7782 (several), 7783 (very many, large and medium sized). Supplementary stations (1909): 7618, 7624, 7643, 7659, 7671. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few), z (several), 3 (few), 4 (i large), 8 (i), n (i), 12 (i), 15 (2), 18 (i), 22 (2), 26 (i), 27 (3), 52 (sev eral), 53 (i piece), 59 (i), 61 (i), 62 (several), 63 (few), 64 (few), 70 (several), 71 (several), 72 (several), 76 (i), 77 (2), 79 (i), 80 (few), 81 (few small), 82 (several), 85 (i small), 87 (small), 89, 98, 100 (i small), 107 (i small), in, 113, ii4(fewsmall), 116, 118 (several), 119(1 small), 120 (2), 121 (several), 122 (i small), 127 (2), 130, 131 (few small), 132 (several), 134 (small), 135 (many), 137 (i), 138 (i), 141 (i), 142 (i), 145 (common), 147 (i), 148 (2), 149 (several), 150 (several), 158 (i), 161 (several small), 163 (i small), 164 (i), 167 (2). Supplementary station (1909): 83. The height of the spawning season is reported by Mead to occur during the latter half of June in Narragansett Bay, though individuals with ap parently ripe sexual products were found dur ing the rest of the summer. The young are abundant in the Eel Pond during the latter part of the summer. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 609 Asterias forbesi Continued. Food: Oysters, clams, mussels, barnacles, vari ous kinds of gasteropods, worms, and Crustacea; occasionally smaller starfishes of their own species. Mead. The starfish is of great eco nomic interest as one of the most destructive enemies of the oyster. Asterias tenera Stimpson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 719 (Leptasterias compta); Verrill, i&g$a, p. 209 (Leptasterias compta), p. 210 (L. tenera); Clark, 1904, p. 554; 1905. P- 4- Abundant in the cold areas south of Rhode Island and Marthas Vineyard, in 20 to 50 fath oms. Verrill. Very common off Sankaty Head. Clark. Fish Hawk station 7609*, at Crab Ledge in 25 fathoms. Survey. Said to be without metamorphosis, the young being cared for by the mother, to which they are attached. Clark. Asterias vnlgaris Verrill. Northern starfish; pur ple starfish. [Chart 49.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 718, 389, etc.; Ver rill, iSgsa, p. 207; Mead, 1900, p. 203-224; Clark, 1904, p. 553; 1905, p. 4; Sumner, 1910, fig. 21. Near entrance of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head. Verrill. Woods Hole Harbor, occa sional; Gay Head; Cuttyhunk; Crab Ledge; Sankaty Head. Clark. Dredged by the Sur vey in Vineyard Sound, chiefly western half; Crab Ledge (common) ; rare in Buzzards Bay and probably restricted to the lower end; 3 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, stones, or shells; not common in raud. At Gay Head they have been taken from piles. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (i large, several small), 7541 (i), 7545 (i medium sized), 7546 Asterias vulgaris Continued. bis (i large), 7547 (i), 7547 bis (i large), 7552 bis ( 2 )> 7553 (several), 7556 (few), 7557 (i) 7558 (many), 7561 (several), 7562 (several), 7564 (abundant), 7567 (few, very small), 7569 (i small), 7570 (i), 7572 (2), 7579 (few), 7581 (about 10), 7582 (few), 7583 (few), 7584 (few), 7585 (2), 7586 (i), 7588 (i small), 7591 (i), 7592 (many), 7593 (few), 7594* (few), 7595 (few), 7596 (several), 7599 (many), 7600 (few), 7601 (i), 7602 (i), 7603 (few), 7604 (2), 7605, 7606 (few), 7607 (i small), 7608 (several), 7609* (few), 7627 (? i), 7638 (? several), 7645 (? i), 7648 (? 2 small), 7657 (? i large), 7670 (several large), 7671 (4), 7672 (i), 7676 (4), 7678 (per haps 80, mostly large), 7679 (several), 7680 (several), 7681 (many), 7686 (2), 7689 (several small), 7690 (small), 7699 (2), 7700 (many), 7701 (many), 7702 (many), 7703 (few), 7706 (many), 7707 (few), 7708 (few), 7709 (many), 7717 (few), 7719 (few), 7720 (few), 7721 (few), 7722 (few), 7723 (i), 7724 (several, medium sized), 7725 (i), 7726 (several), 7727 (3), 7728 (i large, several small), 7730 (2), 7731 (6), 7732 (i large), 7733 (2 large, living), 7734 (i), 7735 (O. 7736 (several), 7737 (i small), 7741 (3). Supplementary station (1909): 7672 (several small). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 5 (i), 27 (i adult), 32 (i very small), 35 (i small), 44 (sev eral large and small), 45 (2), 46 (2), 52 (several), 55 (i), 56(1), 57 (several), 58 (many small), 59 (few), 64 (few), 65 (i small), 77 (i), 83 (i small), 86 (2 small), 87 (several), in (small), 116. Supplementary station (1909): 83. Young taken in August at Gay Head and other points. Clark. Class OPHIUROIDEA. Family OPHIURID^E. Ophioderma brevispina (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 719, 363, etc. (Ophiura otivacea); Bumpus, iSqSb, p. 857 (Ophiitra brevispina) Clark, 1904, p. 558; 1905, p. 5 (Ophiura brevispina). Woods Hole, Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, not common; found among eelgrass on sandy shores, especially in tide pools, in sheltered localities. Verrill. North Falmouth Harbor, Marion, New Bedford; Buzzards Bay, the northern limit. Clark. West Falmouth; a fragment from Hadley Harbor. G. M. Gray. Ophioderma brevispina Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7644 ( ? i arm), 7650 (2 arms, identified by W. L. Sperry). Begins to breed the second week in July. Grave, cited by Bumpus. Family OPHIOLEPIWD^. Ophiura robusta (Ayres). Clark, 1904, p. 558; 1905, p. 5 (Ophioglypha robusta). A northern form, just entering the region; taken at Crab Ledge, 17 fathoms. 6io BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family AMPHIURIDJB. Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 7 T 9. 4> etc -> Clark, 1904, p. 559; 1905, p. 6. Off Gay Head, 6 to 8 fathoms, rare. Verrili. According to H. L. Clark (1904), this species is "regarded as a rarity south of Cape Cod;" he at one time expressed the belief that "the reported cases of its occurrence in Vineyard Sound are almost certainly cases of mistaken identifica tion. Recorded from six of the seven Survey stations at Crab Ledge ; likewise from at least one station in Vineyard Sound (probably Fish Hawk station 7570), a specimen from which was thus identified by Dr. Clark. Another undoubted specimen of the same species was dredged by the Marine Biological Laboratory steamer Cayadetta at the mouth of Vineyard Sound in September, 1909. Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (3, the largest 4 or 5 inches in diameter)*, 7605, 7606 (several small), 7607 (several small), 7608 (many small)*, 7609 (4)*; also at 7570 ? (see above) and perhaps from other stations in Vineyard Sound. Reported by both Verrili and Clark as being eaten in large numbers by cod. Ampkipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje). [Chart 50.] Verrili and Smith, 1873, p. 720, 420, etc. (Am- phipholis elegans); Clark, 1904, p. 559; 1905, p. 6. Vineyard Sound, occasional. Verrili. Vine yard Sound, common, especially just east of Nobska; Ram Island, Eel Pond, Crab Ledge, Sankaty Head; rocky or shelly bottom, gen erally in cavities and interstices; "the com monest and most widely distributed of the ophiurans in the Woods Hole region." Clark. Fairly frequent throughout Vineyard Sound; Buzzards Bay, at a number of stations; dredged in 4 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms. Sur- Amphipholis squamata Continued. vey. Hadley Harbor, on side toward Vine yard Sound; head of Great Harbor, Woods Hole. G. M. Gray. Fish Hawk stations:* 7521 bis ( ?)*, 7537 bis (sev eral small)*, 7538 bis*, 7360(1 small)*, 7564(1,1 inch across)*, 7571 (i), 7581 (2), 7628 (i), 7672, 7674 (about 10), 7699*, 773*, 777*. 773*. 7743*. 7744*. 77 8 (?)*; Supplementary sta- tions (1907): 7780 (i)*; (1909): 7671 (i). Phalarope stations : 6 55 (2), 116*, 118. Viviparous. In July and August the adults nearly always contain eggs and young. Clark. Amphioplus abdifa (Verrili). Verrili and Smith, 1873, p. 720, 433 (Ampkiura abdita); Clark, 1908; Sumner, 1908, p. 319. Near Nobska Point and western shore of Buz zards Bay. One arm taken at each of the fol lowing stations: Fish Hawk 7776* (repetition made Aug. 6, 1907), Phalarope stations 163* and 167*. Survey. Ram Island*, Aug. , 1907 (col lected by G. M. Gray). Not listed by Verrili for any point within this region. According to the latter author this brittle star "buries itself deeply beneath the surface of the soft mud, and projects one or more of the long arms par tially above the surface of the mud;" hence it is seldom dredged entire. Family GORGONOCEPHALID.B. Gorgonocephalusagassizii(Sti.mpson}. Basket-fish, "spider." Verrili and Smith, 1873, p. 722 (Astrophyton agassizii): Clark, 1904, p. 561; 1905, p. 7. "First described from a specimen obtained not far from the shoals of Nantucket, by Gov ernor John Winthrop, in 1670 and 1671 . . . under the name of basket fish "or net fish. " Verrili. Crab Ledge. Verrili, after V. N. Edwards; H. L. Clark; Survey. Ophiuroids, unidentified (probably for the most part Amphipholis squamata). Fish Hawk stations: 7532 (i), 7536 (i), 7547 (i), 7552 (i, very small), 7564 (i small), 7568 (i), 7573 (i small), 7582 (i), 7599 (several), 7615 (i small), 7633 (i arm), 7657 (i arm), 7660 (i arm). Supplementary station (1909) : 7643 (i arm). Phalarope stations: i (i), 2 (i), 3, 8, 9 (fragment), 26,28,29,81, no (i), 132, 146(2). Specimens from stations 7605, 7606, and 7607 (Crab Ledge) were identified in the field, but not saved for later examination. Hence the identity of these is somewhat doubtful, but not that of those from the other stations. Owing to a confusion of the records, we are not certain from which of the Vineyard Sound stations the single undoubted Survey specimen ^ame. Some others, which were listed in the field under this name, were later found to be referable to the next species. & Here, also, probably belong most of the specimens listed as "Ophiuroids, unidentified." t Perhaps Amphioplus abdita (Verrill}. H. L. Clark. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Class ECHINOIDEA. Family STRONGYLOCENTROTID/E. Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Muller). Green sea urchin. [Chart 51.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 716, 326, etc; Clark, 1904, p. 563; 1905, p. 7; Sumner, 1910, fig. 19. Mouth of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head; off West Chop. Verrill. Crab Ledge, common; off Sankaty Head, abundant. Clark. Com mon in Vineyard Sound, chiefly near western end; appears to be absent from Buzzards Bay, except near mouth; dredged on all sorts of bottoms except muddy ones, chiefly at depths of 10 fathoms or more. Survey. Likewise taken at low water, according to Verrill, on the outer, rocky shores. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (2 very small), 7531 bis (i small), 7534 bis (i small, living), 7536 (i small), 7537 bis (i small), 7545 (i small), 7547 (i small), 7556 (i), 7556 bis (? i shell), 7561 (several), 7564 (2 large), 7582 (several), 7585 (i large), 7592 (i large), 7593 (i small), 7603 (2 small), 7604 (several very small), 7605 (2 small), 7606 (many small), 7607 (several small), 7608 (few small), 7609 (i small), 7663 (i), 7678 (i living), 7679 (i spine), 7680 (i large living, and fragments), 7681 (many), 7695 (few spines), 7696 (spines and fragments), 7699 (few spines), 7700 (few spines), 7701 (few spines), 7702 (i living), 7703 (few spines), 7704 (i spine), 7705 (few spines), 7706 (i small living), 7718 (i small), 7719 (few spines), 7720 (i large living, and spines), 7723 (i), 7752 (i spine). Phalarope stations: 25 (2 small), 32 (i living), 34 (i living), 52 (several living), 58 (spines), 59 (few small), 116 (i living). Food: Diatoms and other small algae; also dead fishes. Verrill. Family ARBACIIMS. Arbacia punclulata (Lamarck). Common sea urchin; purple sea urchin. [Chart 52.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 717, 326, etc.; Clark, 1904, p. 563; 1905, p. 8; Bumpus, 1898 b; Sum ner. 1910, fig. 18. In Vineyard Sound generally distributed, except at western end; in Buzzards Bay chiefly con fined to inshore stations, particularly along the eastern shore; living specimens dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones; spines and fragments more generally distributed. Survey. Found, likewise, cling ing to submerged rocks along shore . Formerly fairly frequent in Woods Hole Harbor, even Arbacia pumlulata Continued. within the "basin" of the local pier. In its occurrence this species is scarce to abundant, being subject to marked fluctuations from year to year. Abundant in 1903, as dredging records show; living specimens very scarce during the following summer, though spines and fragments were frequently taken. (It is of importance to note in this connection that the winter of 1903-4 was an exceptionally severe one; seep. 114-116.) Dr. J. F. McCIen- don, who collected large numbers of Arbacia for biochemical studies during the summer of 1908, reports that the greatest numbers were taken southwest of the spar buoy lying nearest to the lighthouse at Tarpaulin Cove, in water of 12 to 15 fathoms depth. They were col lected most successfully by means of tangles, a bucketful being sometimes taken at once. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (fragments and spines), 7522 (many living), 7523 (several living), 7523 bis (i spine), 7524 (very abun dant, living), 7526 (2), 7529 (few), 7530 (abundant), 7531 (i dead), 7531 bis (few frag ments), 7532 (many), 7532 bis (few spines), 7533 (few. many spines), 7533 bis (i small, living), 7534 (numerous), 7534 bis (few spines), 7535 (few shells, many spines), 7535 bis (many spines), 7536 bis (many spines), 7537 (many, rather small), 7538, 7538 bis (spines and frag ments), 7539 (few), 7540 (few), 7541 (few), 7541 bis (many spines), 7542 bis (several spines), 7543 (fragment), 7545 (numerous, living), 7545 bis (fragment of shell and many spines), 7546 (few living), 7546 bis (spines), 7547 bis (several living and fragments), 7549 (many living), 7549 bis (few fragments and spines), 7550 (fragments), 7550 bis (few spines), 7551 (few living), 7551 bis (i living, several fragments), 7552 (few), 7552 bis (few spines), 7553 bis (few spines), 7554 (i small, dead), 7555 (numerous), 7556 (few), 7556 bis (many fragments and spines), 7557 (i shell), 7558 (many living), 7559 (few living), 7561 (about two bushels), 7562 (few living), 7563 (many living), 7563 bis (spines and fragments), 7564 (many living), 7564 bis (many spines), 7566 (many spines), 7567 (many spines), 7568 (many spines), 7569 bis (spines), 7571 (i), 7572 (few), 7575 (few spines), 7576 (few spines), 7577 (few spines), 7578 (few spines), 7579 (few spines), 7580 (few spines), 7597 (few spines), 7621 (i small), 7624 (spines), 7628 (i small), 7631 (few spines), 7639 (few), 7659 (spines and fragments) , 7664 6l2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES- Arbacia punctulata Continued. (few spines), 7671 (spines), 7672 (i small), 7673 (spines), 7674 (few spines), 7678 (i living), 7726 (2 shells, and spines), 7727 (i living), 7731 (spines), 7732 (i fragment and one spine), 7733 (2 living), 7734 (few fragments and spines), 7735 (few spines), 7736 (few spines), 7738 (spines), 7739 (spines), 7740 (spines), 7744 (spines and fragments), 7746 (spines), 7748 (few spines), 7752 (spines), 7753 (few spines), 7755 (few spines), 7756 (few spines), 7764 (spines and fragments), 7766 (spines and frag ments), 7767 (spines), 7769 (few spines), 7770 (spines), 7771 (spines), 7772, (spines), 7776 (i small living and spines), 7777 (fragments), 7778 (i small living, spines, and fragments), 7779 (fragments and spines), 7780 (spines), 7782 (spines), 7783 (i shell). Supplementary sta tions (1909): 7624 (several small living), 7629 (2 small), 7645 (few spines), 7659 (many small living), 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 5(1 spine), 7 (i spine), 8 (i spine), n (i spine), 13 (spines), 17 (i spine), 40 (i spine), 41 (spines), 42 (spines), 43 (spines), 44 (2), 45 (2), 52 (few), 65 (i spine), 73 (few spines), 78 (spines), 80 (few), 81 (2 young), 82 (i), 83 (spines), 84 (i), 85 (i spine), 91 (spines), 92 (spines), 93 (spines), 95 (spines), 96 (spines), 97 (spines), 98 (spines), 108, no, 117 (spines), 118 (several young) , 120, 121 (spines), 123 (spines), 128 (living), 135 (few spines), 141 (spines), 149 (2 small), 154 (few spines), 162 (i spine), 165 (i spine), 167 (i small living). Supplementary stations (1909): 79 (few spines), 83 (many spines), 146 (few spines). Yields ripe eggs during the latter part of June, throughout July, and a portion of August. Bumpus. Dr. McClendon reports that Arbacia was "at the height of the breeding season" about August i (1908), and that "the ovaries began to degenerate about September i." Family SCUTELLID^. Echinamchnius parma (Lamarck). Sand dollar. [Chart 53.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 717, 362, etc.; Bumpus, 1898, 18983, i8g8b; Mead, 1898, p. 703; Clark, 1904, p. 564; 1905, p. 8. Generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound; particularly abundant in the western third; in Buzzards Bay, with one exception, only found near the mouth; living specimens dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, generally upon bottoms of nearly pure sand. Survey. Like wise found on sandy shores at extreme low tide. Verrill. Echinarachnius parma Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few dead), 7525 bis (several large and small), 7527 (few dead), 7528 (few dead), 7531 (few dead), 7532 (2 small), 7532 bis (i small), 7533 (many, all sizes), 7533 bis (many, i living), 7535 (i small), 7536 (i small), 7536 bis (several small, dead), 7537 (r shell), 7537 bis (few dead), 7538 (several shells), 7538 bis (few fragments), 7541 (few dead), 7541 bis (several dead), 7542 (many living and dead), 7542 bis (numerous), 7543 (many living and dead), 7543 bis (several), 7544 (several dead), 7545 (i shell), 7546 bis (many small, dead), 7547 bis (several small), 7550 bis (few dead), 7551 (few), 7551 bis (i living, few shells), 7552 bis (several living and shells), 7553 (few shells, i living), 7553 bis (few), 7554 (many living and dead), 7554 bis (several living and shells), 7556 (few dead), 7556 bis (many dead), 7557 (i shell), 7558 (few shells), 7559 (several living), 7560 (several living and dead), 7563 (few dead), 7563 bis (few), 7564 (i shell), 7564 bis (few dead), 7565 (few living), 7565 bis (few dead), 7566 (many of all sizes, living and dead), 7567 (few living and dead), 7568 (several living), 7569 (many living), 7570 (few), 7574 (few living), 7575 (many living), 7576 (many living), 7577 (few living), 7578 (many living), 7579 (many liv ing), 7580 (i living), 7582 (i), 7583 (several), 7584 (many), 7585 (many living), 7586 (few living) 7588 (i small), 7589 (many living), 7590 (few), 7591 (few living), 7592 (few dead), 7593 (many living), 7595 (few living), 7596 (several living and dead), 7597 (few living and dead), 7599 (r dead), 7600 (many living), 7602 (few), 7666 (i small), 7674 (i fragment), 7676 (2 living), 7677 (very many), 7678 (many living and dead), 7680 (several small living), 7681 (several living and dead), 7682 (few small dead), 7686 (few living), 7687 (many small), 7694 (many small and large), 7695 (few living), 7696 (few living and dead), 7698 (few living and shells), 7699 (few living and shells), 7700 (very many living), 7701 (abundant, living and dead), 7702 (few small living and dead), 7703 (few living and dead), 7704 (many living), 7705 (few living), 7706 (many living), 7708 (very many living), 7709 (very many living), 7710 (many living), 7717 (many living and dead), 7718 (several), 7721 (few), 7722 (i liv ing). 77 2 3 C 1 living), 7724 (several very small, living), 7725 (2 living), 7726 (i living, many small shells), 7727 (many living), 7728 (i liv ing, small dead), 7729 (several living), 7730 (i living, 2 shells), 7731 (i shell), 7732 (i small BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 6i3 Echinarach n ius parma Continued . dead), 7733 (i small shell), 7734 (few shells), 7735 (2 shells), 7736 (several shells), 7740 (few dead), 7741 (i small dead), 7744 (few small shells), 7750 (i shell), 7751 (i shell), 7752 (i shell), 7753 (few living and shells), 7761 (few medium sized, living), 7771 (i dead), 7774 (few shells), 7779 (2 small living, 3 dead), 7780 (i shell), 7782 (i shell), 7783 (i shell). Supple mentary stations (1909): 7660 (i fragment), 7668 (few small living), 7672 (several small dead). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (2 dead), 3 (few, very small), 4 (i), 6 (i small, dead), 7 (few fragments), 8 (r dead), 9 (i shell), 10 (i shell), ii (i), 15 (i living), 16 (dead), 18 (i dead), 23 (several small living), 25 (i dead), 26 (i dead), 29 (i), 33 (several living), 40 (few shells), 41 (few dead), 42 (few dead), 52 (many), 53 (i dead), 60 (i small living), 61 (i fragment), 62 (few dead), 64 (few small dead), 65 (i very small dead), 66 (few dead) 67 (few shells), 73 (i), 74 (few small living), 83 (i shell), 99 (i dead), 101 (i shell), in (i small), 118 (i shell), 122 (i), 163 (i fragment). Supplementary sta tion (1909): 83 (several small dead). Echinarachnius parma Continued. Eggs artificially fertilized as early as March 22; "breeding abundantly "early in April. Mead. Continues to breed throughout June and the early part of July, and a limited number of eggs may be secured even during the later por tions of the summer. Bumpus. Large numbers of this species are consumed by flounders. Verrill. Also by the cod. Clark. Verrill states that the fishermen of Maine and New Brunswick prepare an indelible marking ink from the spines and skin. Mellita quinquesperforata (Leske). Keyhole ur chin. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 717, 427 (Mellita pen- tapora and testudinaria); Clark, 1904, p. 565 (Mellita pentapora); 1905, p. 8 (Mellita penta- pora). Vineyard Sound, 5 to 8 fathoms, on sandy bot tom; rare, and only dead specimens taken. Verrill. Nantucket. Agassiz, cited by Ver rill. One taken in Vineyard Sound during summer of 1901. G. M. Gray, cited by Clark. Not encountered during the Survey dredging. Class HOLOTHURIOIDEA. Family CUCUMARIID/E. Cucumariafrondosa (Gunnerus). Sea cucumber. Clark, 1904, p. 566; 1905, p. 9. Off Sankaty Head, in 12 to 25 fathoms, several specimens taken. Clark. Considerable num bers taken on halibut lines by V. N. Edwards, in same general region during summer of 1906. Ripe gonads observed in August. Clark. This holothurian is said by Stimpson to be very palatable when boiled. Cucumaria pulcherrima (Ayers). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 715, 420, etc. (Penla- mera pulcherrima); Clark, 1904, p. 567; 1905, p. 9. Nobska point and beach, washed ashore, abun dant. Verrill, Clark. Buzzards Bay bathing beach, near breakwater, a number cast ashore in winter of 1903. Gray, cited by Clark. Nearly all of the specimens recorded for this region were cast up on beaches after storms. Verrill concludes that they "doubtless live in the sand in shallow water a short distance off the beach," though he also records their hav ing been dredged at 4 or 5 fathoms. Mr. Gray likewise reports the occurrence of this species on Ram Island, where he has found it living Cucumaria pulcherrima Continued. among the roots of eelgrass. A single specimen was dredged by the Survey near the west shore of Buzzards Bay, at a 1909 repetition of Phala rope station 165. The reproductive condition of those taken seems to indicate that breeding occurs in the late winter or early spring. Clark. Thyone briareus (Lesueur). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 715, 362, etc.; Mead, 1898; Clark, 1904, p. 567; 1905, p. 10. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, off Waquoit; muddy and sandy shores and bottoms; more common, however, in shallow water, off shore, on shelly bottom; i to 10 fathoms. Verrill. Hadley Harbor, Waquoit, Cuttyhunk. Clark. Vineyard Sound, in eastern third, a few sta tions; two stations in Buzzards Bay; 2 to n fathoms, on bottoms of sand and mud. Sur vey. Fish Hawk stations: 7538 bis*, 7674 (i). Phalarope stations: 2 (?i), 3*, 9*, 156* (i small). Collected by G. M. Gray in December and March as well as in summer. Full of nearly ripe eggs and sperm, April 24. Mead. Probably breeds during June and July. Bumpus. Apparently breeds in summer. Clark. 614 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Thyone scabra Verrill. " Clark, 1904, p. 568; 1905, p. 10. Rare; 5 specimens dredged by the Fish Hawk in Vineyard Sound in 1901 ; others taken by Prof. Bumpus in Narragansett Bay. Clark. Thyone unisemita (Stimpson). Verrilland Smith, 1873, p. 715, 503 (Stereoderma unisemita); Clark, 1904, p. 569; 1905, p. 10. Verrill records the taking of one specimen by Packard, off Marthas Vineyard in 21 fathoms, on bottom of clear sand. A half dozen col lected by Clark at Crab Ledge, in August, 1902, on sandy and gravelly bottom; also reported by this writer from Nantucket Shoals, off Gay Head, and in Narragansett Bay. Three specimens dredged by the Fish Hawk at Crab Ledge, July 23, 1907 (station 7838*); two others dredged in Augiist, 1907, near sta tion 7692*, at entrance of Vineyard Sound. (These specimens, according to Dr. Clark, "are remarkable for their elongated, slender form; stiff body wall; and comparatively few large pedicels.") A large individual, dredged August 15, 1908, at the western end of Vine yard Sound, near Fish Hawk station 7719; several others on August 25, 1908, near Phala- rope station 33. Family MOWADIID.E. Caudina arenata (Gould). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 715, 362, etc.; Clark, 1904, p. 569; 1905, p. 12. Woods Hole Harbor. H. E. Webster, cited by Verrill. Clark notes the existence of a speci men in the United States National Museum, labelled "off Cuttyhunk, 18^ fathoms." Lower half of Buzzards Bay: 8 records; dredged in 6 to 13 fathoms, on muddy bottom ; i record at mouth of Vineyard Sound, in 17,1/2 fathoms, sand. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7647 (i)*, 7658 (2)*, 7661 (4)*, 7669*; 7686 (i fragment, identified by J. H. Gerould). Supplementary stations (1907): 7647 (i)*, 7661 (i fragment)*, 7665 (4)*; (1909): Phalarope 165 (i small). fMolpadia oolitica (Pourtales). Verrill and Smith, 1873, PP- 7 J S> 5 10 ; Clark, 1904, p. 570 (Trochostoma ooliticum); 1905, p. 12 (Trochostoma ooliticum). One doubtful specimen recorded, taken by Packard 15 miles east of No Mans Land (?) in 29 fathoms, sandy mud. Family SYNAPTID^E. Leptosynapta inhcerens (Muller). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 716, 361, etc. (Leptosyr.apta girardii); Mead, 1898, p. 704 (Leptosynapta girardii); Bumpus, 1898 c; Clark, 1899, p. 21-33 (Synapta inharens); 1904, p. 571 (Synapta inh&rens); 1905, p. 13 (Synapta inhtzrens). Vineyard Sound, Naushon Island, etc.; burrows deeply in the sand or gravel, near low-water mark. Verrill. Woods Hole Harbor, near entrance of the Eel Pond; abundant along shores of Buzzards Bay, about Naushon, Uncatena, and Nonamesset; less common on the sound side; occupying clean sand or soft mud, near, or at times above, low-water mark. Clark. Vineyard Haven, near bridge; Tarpaulin Cove; head of Katama Bay, on western side. R. C. Osburn. Eggs and sperms nearly ripe, April 24, 1898. Mead. Probably breed during June and July. Bumpus. "Both species of Synapta breed during the spring and early summer. The sexual glands are well developed by the last of April, and individuals with ripe ova may be found well into August. About the last of June or early July seems to be the height of the breeding season." Clark. Leptosynapta roseola Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 716, 362; Mead, 1898, p. 704; Clark, 1899, p. 21-31 (Synapta roseola); 1904, p. 571 (Synapta roseola}; 1905, p. 13 (Synapta roseola). Naushon Island. Verrill. Buzzards Bay, in the neighborhood of Woods Hole. Clark. According to Verrill the occurrence and habits are similar to those of L. inh&rens. Clark, however, notes characteristic differ ences of habitat, stating that L. roseola "occurs on rocky or gravelly shores under stones or among the pebbles, and never in pure sand or mud." He adds that he has never found this species in the Woods Hole region "except where there was sufficient iron present in the soil to give it a decidedly rusty color." For breeding season see remarks under preceding species. a- Perhaps not distinct from the European T.fusus Clark. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. Phylum ANNULATA." Class CH/ETOPODA. 615 Subclass POLYCH^TA. Family SYUJDJE. Syllis pallida Vcrrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 453 (Syllis, species undetermined). Vineyard Sound, at surface, a single specimen, not at first determined specifically. Verrill. Eastern part of Vineyard Sound, in 10 fathoms, sandy and stony bottom (Fish Hawk station 7532*), a single specimen. Syllis sp. undetermined. Mead, 1898, records that a member of this genus was taken on several occasions in April, at Woods Hole , among hydroids and algse. Tetraglene agilis Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 368 (sp. nov.); 1884, p. 663. No Mans Land, in the evening at surface, Sep tember, 1880; Woods Hole, August 4, 1881; August 5 to September 12, 1882. Eusyllis fmgilis (Webster). Verrill, i8S2b, p. 368 (Eusyllis tenera); 1884, p. 663 (E. tcnera). Woods Hole, frequent at surface in evening, from August 2 to September 15, 1881 and 1882; also dredged in Vineyard Sound in 8 to 12 fathoms, among Bryozoa and Amaroucium pellucidum. Verrill. Vineyard Sound, near shore of Nonamesset, i, 1 /^ fathoms, gravel (Phalarope station i*), i specimen, on Slyela partita. Trypanosyllis sp. undetermined. Eastern end of Vineyard Sound, 10 fathoms, stony bottom (Fish Hawk station 7768), among Amaroucium pellucidum.* This speci men was unfortunately lost before being deter mined specifically. Odontosyllis lucifem Verrill. Verrill 1884, p. 663. Vineyard Sound, "very common in the surface nets all through August and to September 15." Verrill. Vineyard Sound, near Nona messet Island, 6>a fathoms, sand and gravel (Phalarope station 2"), 3 specimens, in Cliona celata. Survey. Common on piles among mussels, etc. Moore. Syllides setosa Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 369 (sp. nov.); 1884, p. 664. Vineyard Sound, taken at the surface in the evening, July 22, 29, and August 15, 1881; August 3 to September 12, 1882. Syllides verrilli Moore. Verrill, 1884, p. 664, footnote (species undeter mined); Moore, 19073, p. 448 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole; taken along with Syllides setosa. Verrill. Woods Hole, at surface, rare. Moore. Pterosyllis cincinnata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 453 (Gattiola sp.); Verrill, 1874, p. 394. Vineyard Sound, young specimens taken several times at the surface. Grubiosyllis websteri Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 370 (Grubea websteri); 1884, p. 664 (Grubea websteri). Newport, 1880, at surface; Woods Hole, July 28 to September 12, 1881 and 1882. Verrill. Common on mussel beds in shallow water. Moore . Spharosyllis sp. undetermined. Verrill, i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 664. Vineyard Sound. Padophylax dispar Webster. Verrill, 1879, p. 170 (Pifdophylax longiceps, sp. nov.); i882d, p. 370 (P. longiceps); 1884, p. 665 (P. longiceps). Vineyard Sound, July 10, 1875; identity of species not certain. Yerrill. Central and eastern portions of Vineyard Sound, several records; 5 to 12 fathoms, on various bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7523 bis (i), 7768 (few). Phalarope stations*: 8 (i), 15 (i). Pcedophylax sp. undetermined. Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7634 (i)*. Autolytus varians Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 367 (A. varians, also A. mirabilis); 1884, p. 662; Mensch, 1900, p. 269. a Specimens from points designated by ar asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. J. P. Moore. 6i6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Autolytus varians Continued. Vineyard Sound, abundant. Verrill. Budding individuals may be found at any time of year, among hydroids on piles (particularly on Tubularia crocea), or dredged in and about Vineyard Sound. Mensch. "It is not un common to find it carrying five or six sexual individuals in various stages, one behind another." Verrill. The sexual worms are taken at the surface in the evening. Autolytus ornatus Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 170 (sp. nov.); iSSzd, p. 367; 1884, p. 662. Vineyard Sound, at surface, July 13 and August 28, 1875. Verrill. Eastern end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7768; 10 fathoms, stony bottom; one specimen*. Females filled with eggs taken in tow during the winter* (V. N. Edwards, col.). Autolytus cornutus Agassiz. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 397, etc. ; Bum- pus, 1898; 18983; Mead, 1898. Vineyard Sound, low water to 1 5 fathoms ; "con structs cylindrical tubes which are attached to seaweeds and the branches of hydroids. "- Verrill. Woods Hole. Bumpus. Frequently taken with eggs, March, 1898. Bumpus. Mead and Bumpus likewise record the taking of "Autolytus" with eggs, during the months of April and May (species not speci fied). Dr. Moore states that the stock forms are especially abundant among hydroids on piles, the sexual zooids, at the surface in the evening. Autolytus emertoni Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590 (Autolytus, spe cies undetermined); Verrill, i882b (figure only). Vineyard Sound, females filled with eggs taken in tow during winter and spring. (V. N. Edwards, col.) Family Podarke obscura Verrill. Verrill and Smith ,1873, p. 589, 319, etc.; i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 665; Treadwell, 1901, p. 399. Woods Hole. Verrill. Eel Pond, very abun dant. Western shore of Little Harbor. Treadwell. This species, though common enough along shore, among eel grass and under stones, is not recorded from the survey dredg- ings. The sexually mature form may swim at the surface at night, "in vast numbers," according to Verrill. Podarke obscura Continued. Breeding season from July i to about August 20; eggs laid in the evening between 7 and 10 o clock; artificial fertilization possible, if the eggs have been naturally extruded, not other wise. Treadwell . Family PHYLLODOCID^E. Phyllodoce catenula Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 587, 494 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, at surface, evening, July 3. Ver rill. Tarpaulin Cove, and several records in Vineyard Sound, 6 to 13 fathoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations:* 7547 (i), 7724 (i). Phalarope station 26 (3)*. Phyllodoce sp. undetermined. Phalarope station 81 (i)*. ? Anaitis formosa Verrill. " Verrill, 1885, p. 433 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, in shallow water; also taken at surface, August i, 1881. ? Anaitis picta Verrill. Verrill, 1885, p. 433 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 1882, in shallow water. Eleone setosa Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 588 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 6 to 12 fathoms, among ascidi- ans. Eteone robusta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 746, 588 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, in abundance in September (V. N. Edwards, col.). Eteone, sp. undetermined. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 589, record that "a small and slender species was dredged off Gay Head, in 19 fathoms, in soft mud." Eulalia annulata Verrill. [Chart 54.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 585 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Vineyard Sound, at both ends, occasional; Buzzards Bay, at one station near Cuttyhunk; dredged in 6 to 14 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. Survey. Also recorded from Vine yard Haven, on piles of a wharf* (R. C. Os- burn, col.). Fish Hawk stations*: 7689 (several), 7700 (2 young), 7702 (i), 7706 (i), 7718 (3), 7721 (2), 7738 (i), 7739 (5). 7742 (i), 7744 (i), 7747 W. 7749 (3). 775 (common), 7752 (several), 7757 (i), 7759 (several), 7768 (few). Phalarope station* 112 (i). a Dr. Moore regards this and the following species as doubtfully distinct from A . speciosa Webster, which occurs from New Jersey to Eastport, Me." BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 617 Eulalia, gracilis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 586 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 6 to 14 fathoms, among ascidi- ans and hydroids. Verrill. Vineyard Sound, at both ends, 3 to 12 fathoms, sand and gravel. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7699 (i), 7732 (i), 7737 (i). Blue Wing station 46 (i)*. Eulalia pistacia Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 584 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 6 to 12 fathoms, among com pound ascidians. Verrill. Vineyard Sound, chiefly at eastern end; Buzzards Bay, at one station; dredged in 4 to 10 fathoms, sand and gravel. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7699 (2), 7752 (several), 7768 (2). Phalarope stations*: i (2), 2 (several in Ama- roucium), 3, 9 (i), 132 (4). Eulalia sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk stations*: 7521 bis (several), 7523 bis (i), 7525 bis (i), 7535 bis (i), 7543 bis (i), 7544 bis (i), 7632 (2), 7634 (6). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 5 (i), 6 (sev- eral), 22 (i), 28 (i), 33 (2), 37 (3), 45 (i), 48 (i), 66 (i), 67, 77(1), 126(1). Eumidia americana Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 584, 494 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 8 to 12 fathoms, among com pound ascidians. Verrill. Vineyard Haven, z/4 to 3 fathoms*, 3 specimens; Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7564*, in 13 fath oms, sandy. Survey. Specimens identified with doubt by Dr. Moore were also taken in Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7522, and at Crab Ledge (station 7606). Family POLYNOID.E. Harmothoe imbricata Malmgren. [Chart 55.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 582, 321; Mead Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Universally dis tributed in Vineyard Sound; in the Bay, mainly restricted to the inshore stations; likewise recorded from Crab Ledge. Survey. Dredged at all depths, and perhaps equally abundant on every kind of bottom; listed, also from piles and shores at a great number of points throughout the region. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (many small), 7522 bis (several), 7523 bis (several), 7524 (i)*, Harmothoe imbricaia Continued . 7524bis(i),7525bis(several),7526(2)*,7528(2)*, 7530 bis (2)*, 7531 (several)*, 7532 (i)*, 7532 bis (several), 7533 bis, 7536 bis (i), 7538 (4)*, 7538 bis (i)* 7539 (3)*, 7547 ( )* 7548 (4)*, 7549 bis (several)*, 7551 bis (3)*, 7553 (2)*, 7555 (4)*, 7558 (2 young)*, 7560 (several)*, 7561*, 7562 bis (i)*, 7564 (several)*, 7564 bis (several)*, 7570 (i)*, 7573 (i)*, 7582 (i)*, 7583*. 7599 (i)*. 7604 (young)*, 7605 (i small)*, 7606 (2, one young)*, 7612 (3), 7613 (several), 7616 (i), 7621 (i), 7625 (3), 7628 (i).?^ 1 (i)>7 6 32 (2), 7634 (2). 7S3 ( 2 ). 7 6 5(i tube), 7667 (2 small), 7671 (2), 7672 (several), 7674 (i), 7675 ( J ). 7676 (i small), 7677 (i small), 7678 (several small), 7679 (i), 7680 (2), 7682 (several), 7689 (several), 7692 (sev eral), 7697 (i), 7699 (several), 7700 (i), 7701 (several), 7702 (3), 7703 (i), 7706 (2), 7707 (i small), 7709 (common), 7718 (3 small), 7720 (i), 7721 (2 small), 7722 (several), 7724 (common), 7725 (i), 7726 (i), 7727 (i), 7730 (i), 7732 (common), 7734 (i), 7736 (i), 7738 (common;, 7739 (few), 7740 (i), 7742 (i) 7743 (0, 7744 (2), 7746 (i). 7747 (i). 7749 (few small), 7750 (common), 7751 (several), 7753 (common), 7754 (common), 7758 (few) 7759 (several), 7761 (i), 7762 (several), 7763 (i), 7764 (common), 7768 (few), 7769 (com mon), 7772 (i), 7777 (many)*, 7778 (several)*, 7780 (several)*, 7782 (several)*, 7783 (sev eral)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few), 2 (few), 3 (few), 4 (few), 6 (3), 8 (many), 9 (i), ii (several), 12 (i), 14, 15 (several), 16 (sev eral), 18 (i), 20 (i), 21 (i), 22 (several), 26 (several), 27 (few), 28 (several), 29 (i), 30 (several), 32 (several), 33 (i), 34 (several), 44 (2), 45 (i), 46 (i), 47 (i), 48 (several), 52 (common), 53 (several), 55 (i), 56 (3), 57 (3), 58, 59 (many), 62 (several), 68 (several), 71 (many)*, 72 (3)*, 78 (i very small), 79 (several small), 80 (small), 81 (common), 82, 83 (2 very small), 84 (3), 85 (3), 86 (several small), 87 (common), 88 (i), 90 (i small), 100 (several), 102 (i), 103 (2), 107 (i small), 108 (several small), 109 (i), in (several), 114 (several), 115 (i), 117 (common, small), 118 (several), 122 (i), 123 (3), 125 (i), 126 (2), 128 (i), 129 (i small), 131 (i), 132 (several), 134 (2), 137 (i), 138 (3), 141 (3), 144 (i), 145 (i), 147 (i small), 148 (i), 153. a Eumidia fapillosa Verrill and E. vivida Verrill (Verrill and Smith. 1873, p. 584), which are recorded as occurring in Vine yard Sound among compound ascidians, are regarded by Dr. Moore as doubtfully distinct from Eumidia americana. 6i8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Harmothoe imbricata Continued. Dr. Mead notes the capture of many females with eggs in early April. Some eggs which were removed from the body on April 12 were found capable of being artificially fertilized. Eunoe oerstedi Malmgren. Crab Ledge, 17 fathoms, stones and gravel (Fish Hawk station 7603*). Lepidonotus sqitamatus Leach. [Chart 56.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 581, 320, etc.; Mead, 1898; Bumpus, 18983. Almost universally distributed in Vineyard Sound; much less frequent in Buzzards Bay; recorded from Crab Ledge. Survey. Dredged in great numbers at depths of 2 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, though less common in mud. Collected from shores and piles almost everywhere. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (2 large), 7522 bis (several), 7523 (7), 7523 bis (few), 7524 (3), 7524 bis (i), 7525 (8), 7525 bis (several), 7526 (5). 7527 (12). 7528 (8), 7530 bis (several), 753 2 (2), 7532 bis (several), 7533 bis, 7534 ( 2 ). 7535 (2), 7535 bis (few), 7536 (3), 7536 bis ( )> 7537(5). 7538 (5), 7539(4), 7544 (2), 7544 bis (*). 7547 (4), 7547 bis (i), 7550 (few), 7550 bis (2), 755 2 (4), 7553 (2), 7555 ( 2 ), 755^ (5 large), 75S 8 . 75 6 (few), 7561 (few), 7563 (few), 7564 (many large), 7565 bis (i), 7571 (i), 7572 (few), 7573 (many), 7578 (i), 7580 (i), 7588 (few), 7606 (young), 7612 (i), 7613 (i), 7625 (i), 7630 (2), 7632 (2), 7634 (3), 7636 (i), 7644 (4). 7645 (2), 7653 (*). 7059 (several), 7670 (i), 7672 (2), 7680 (2), 7681 (i), 7682 (i), 7689 (numerous, small), 7692 (several), 7700 (2), 7701 (i young), 7703 (several), 7706 (i), 7717 (i). 7722 (4), 7724 (2), 7/25 (i), 773. 7732 (common), 7737 (common), 7740 (i), 7742 (several), 7744 (several small), 7747 (several), 7749 (few small), 7750 (common), 775 1 ( z ). 7754 (several large), 7755 (common), 7756 (several), 7757 (common), 7758 (abun dant), 7759 (abundant), 7760 (common), 7761 (several), 7762 (abundant), 7764 (common), 7767 (common), 7768 (common), 7769 (com mon), 7770 (few), 7772 (several), 7778 (sev eral), 7780 (several), 7783 (several). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (several), 2 (many), 3 (abundant), 4 (plentiful), 5 (few), 6 (3). 7 (several), 8 (several), 10 (several), n (several), 12 (i), 14, 15 (2 or 3), 17 (i), 18 (i), 20 (i), 22 (i), 24 (numerous small ones), 25 Lepidonotus squamahis Continued. (numerous), 26 (several large), 27 (few), 28 (several), 30 (several), 32 (several), 35, 36 (common), 53 (i), 56 (i), 57 (i), 58, 62 (2), 64 (2), 65 (2), 66 (3), 67, 69 (few), 73, 82 (i), 83 (i), 84 (i), 85 (2), 86 (i), 87 (3), 96 (i), 100 (i) in, 112 (several), 113 (2), 114 (several), 115 (i), 117 (several small), 118 (several), 123 (2), 124 (i), 132 (i), 136 (2), 137 (i), 138 (4), 144 (common), 145 (i), 148 (i), 152, 158 (i), 163 (i), 167. Egg laying observed during last two weeks of April (Mead); first half of May (Bumpus); last week in May and throughout June (Tread- well). Eggs which have been laid may be artificially fertilized. Treadwell. Lepidonotus sublevis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 581, 320, etc. (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Recorded from a few points both in the Sound and the Bay; dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms, on various bot toms. Survey. According to Dr. Moore this species is much more common in Buzzards Bay than in Vineyard Sound, though the dredging records do not indicate this. Fish Hawk stations *: 7527 (i?), 7530 (i), 7616 (2), 7634 (i), 7 66 4 (i), 7/oi (i), 7736 (i), 7740 (i). Phalarope station 165 *. Lepidametria commensalis Webster. Woods Hole and vicinity, Hadley Harbor, etc.; generally distributed and fairly common, liv ing as a commensal in the tube of Am phi trite ornata. Moore. Family SIGALIONID<E. Stkenelais picta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 582, 348, etc. (sp. nov.); Verrill, 1879, p. l6 ?; Bumpus, i8g&b. Vineyard Sound; low water to 21 fathoms. Ver- rill. Vicinity of Woods Hole, several sta tions; 2 in the lower portion of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 4 to 10 fathoms, sand and gravel. Survey. Fish Hawk stations *: 7527 (i), 7659 (i). Phalarope stations *: 2 (i), 7 (i), 10 (i), 113 (i), 117 (i), 120 (i). Bumpus records that "Sthenelais" (species not stated) has been taken with ripe eggs during the middle and latter part of August, and that these are capable of being artificially fertilized. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 619 Stlicnelais gracilis Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 166 (sp. nov.; also described as S. emertoni; not recorded locally). Western end of Vineyard Sound and Bay side of Cuttyhunk; 5 to 17 fathoms, sand. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7685 (several)*, 7687 (3)*. Phalarope station 102 (i)*. Sigalion arenicola Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 167 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound and off Nantucket; 10 to 20 fathoms, clean silicious sand. Verrill. A specimen doubtfully so identified by Dr. Moore was taken at the eastern end of Vine yard Sound, in 10 fathoms, on shelly bottom (Fish Hawk station 7546 bis). Family APHRODITID.B. ?Aphrodita aculeata Linnaeus. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 507. Off Gay Head, in 15 to 19 fathoms, on muddy bottom, common. Verrill. Aphrodita hasiaia Moore.* Moore, 1905, p. 294 (sp. nov.). Nantucket, on beach after storm (type specimen and several others collected by Dr. Benjamin Sharp); No Mans Land, in lobster pots (V. N. Edwards, col.); dredged by the Fish Hawk in the deeper waters of the same region. Moore. Gay Head * (G. M. Gray, col.). A specimen, presumably of this species, was taken on a trawl line, off Sow and Pigs Ledge, in March, 1909. Family AMPHINOMID^. Amphinome pallasii Quatrefages. Woods Hole, August, 1903 *; carried in from Gulf Stream, on floating logs, overgrown with Lepas anatifera, upon which the worm feeds. Hipponoe gaudichaudi Audouin & Milne Edwards. Moore, 1903, p. 793. Woods Hole and Vineyard Sound, drifting in from Gulf Stream on logs bearing Lepas anati fera; recorded for summers of 1903, 1904, 1906, being sexually mature when taken. Family NEPHTHYDID^E. Nephthys incisa Malmgren. [Chart 57.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 583, 431, etc. (Neph- thys ingens. The "Nephthys ingens" of Verrill is not that of Stimpson). Nephthys incisa Continued. Common throughout the entire length of Buz zards Bay ; recorded but three times from Vine yard Sound; dredged in 4 to 19 fathoms, mud and muddy sand. Survey. Verrill s only local record, so far as we can find, referred to specimens from the stomach of a skate taken in Vineyard Sound. Fish Hawk stations*: 7540 (i), 7611 (many), 7612 (i), 7617 (several), 7618 (i), 7619 (several), 7623 (many small), 7624 (several), 7629 (i fragment), 7637 (abundant), 7638 (abundant), 7640 (many)> 7641 (common), 7642 (many), 7643 (many), 7645 (i), 7646 (several), 7647 (sev eral), 7648 (i), 7649 (several), 7650 (several), 7651 (abundant), 7652 (common), 7653 (com mon), 7654 (common), 7655 (abundant), 7656 (several), 7657 (common), 7660 (many), 7661 (plentiful), 7662 (many), 7663 (several), 7669 (several), 7670 (i), 7673 (common), 7698 (i). Phalarope stations *: 52 (i fragment), 78 (4 small), 79 (common), 80 (i small), 84 (i), 143 (2), 159(4), 160(1), 161 (several), 162 (several), 164 (3), 165 (4), 166 (several). Nephthys ciliata Rathke. Ehlers, 1868; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 583. Edgartown. Ehlers. Xcphihys bucera Ehlers. [Chart 58.] Ehlers, 1868, p. 617, 632; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 583, 416, 348, etc. (Nephthys bucera and N. picta). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Scattered stations throughout the Bay and Sound; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, chiefly on sand and gravel. Survey. Naushon side of Robinsons Hole, on mud flat* (L. J. Cole, col.). Fish Hawk stations*: 7533 bis (i), 7556 bis (i), 7648 (i), 7667 (i), 7674 (i), 7686 (i), 7719 (i), 7720 (i), 7767 (r). Phakrope stations*: 99 (i), 141 (i). Family NEREIDS. Nereis pelagica Linneeus. (Chart 59.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 591, 319, etc.; Sum- ner, 1910, fig. 6. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Of general occur rence throughout bottom of Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay, almost wholly restricted to the shores of the Elizabeth Islands, near the passages connecting the Bay with the Sound. a It is more than possible that Verrill here refers to the next species, though it is also possible that both are present, b Perhaps this is the species listed by Verrill as A. aculeata, or perhaps both are present. 62O BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Nereis pelagica Continued. Survey. Dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on bot toms of sand, gravel, stones, and shells, rarely in mud; sometimes present in great numbers in the interstices of Amaroucium pellucidum. Recorded from piles and shores at a great num ber of points throughout the region. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (i small)*, 7521 bis (very abundant), 7522 bis (few small), 7523 (6), 7523 bis (3 large and several small), 7524 (3), 7525 (numerous), 7525 bis (many), 7526 (nu merous), 7527 (abundant), 7528 (abundant), 7530 bis (several)*, 7531 (several)*, 7532 (nu merous), 7532 bis (several), 7533 (.1), 7533 bis, 7534 (2), 7535 (3). 753<5 (several), 7536 bis (sev eral), 7537 (5), 7538(15), 7538 bis (many)*, 7539 (6), 7540(1), 7542 (4), 7543 bis (i), 7544 (18). 7545 (3), 7545 bis(i), 7547 ( l6 ). 7547 bi s (several), 7549 bis (several)*, 7550 (few), 7550 bis (3)*, 7551 bis (many)*, 7552 (2), 7553 (5), 7555 (great number), 7556 (5), 7558 (many), 7560 (few), 7561 (many), 7563 (few), 7564 (many), 7564 bis (3)*, 7565 (few), 7565 bis (i young)*, 7566 (many), 7570 (few), 7571 (many), 7572 (few), 7573 (many), 7576 (i), 7581 (i), 7582 (few), 7594 (few), 7595 (many), 7596 (i), 7598, 7599 (many), 7603 (several)*, 7605 (3), 7606 (3 small), 7607 (several), 7608 (8), 7672 (several), 7679 (several), 7680 (several), 7681 (2), 7682 (several), 7689 (numerous small), 7692 (several small), 7699 (small, common), 7701 (2 young), 7702 (2), 7703 (several), 7706 (several), 7707 (2), 7709 (i), 7718 (several), 7720 (2), 7721 (many small), 7722 (several), 7724 (i), 7732 (abun dant), 7733 (i large), 7734 (i small), 7735 (i small), 7736 (i), 7738 (several), 7739 (few), 7740 (few), 7742 (several small), 7743 (i), 7744 (sev eral), 7747 (i), 7748 (i), 7749 (few small), 7750 (common), 7751 (common), 7752 (common), 7754 (several), 7755 (common), 7756 (several small), 7757 (several small), 7759 (common), 7760 (common), 7762 (several), 7763, 7764 (common), 7767 (few), 7768 (few), 7769 (com mon), 7770 (i), 7772 (few), 7773 (few), 7780 (several small)*, 7781 (2 young)*, 7782 (sev eral small)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many small), 2 (common), 3 (abundant), 4 (plenti ful), 5 (few living), 6 (few), 7 (3), 8 (many), 9 (i large, others small), 10 (many), n (many), 12 (several), 14, 15 (many), 16 (2), 20 (several), 22 (several small), 24 (numerous small), 25 (numerous), 26 (many), 27 (few), 28 (several), 29 (several), 32 (abundant), 33 (several small), Nereis pelagica Continued, 34 (abundant, small), 36 (common), 37 (many small), 44 (common), 45 (i), 46 (several), 47 (3), 48 (several, mostly young), 49 (several), 52 (several), 56 (abundant), 57 (abundant), 58, 59 (many), 60 (several), 62 (common), 63 (several), 64 (2)*, 65 (2)*, 66 (3)*, 67 (few)*, 68 (several), 69 (i), 73 (common)*, 74 (several), 77 (several small)*, Si, 82, 83 (i young), 86 (small, common), 87 (common, generally small), 96 (3), 100 (common, mostly small), 101 (i), 102 (2 small), 108 (several small), 112 (sev eral), 113 (several), 114 (2), 115 (several), 116 (abundant), 117 (common), 118 (small, com mon), 119 (2 young), 121 (i), 127 (several). Nereis arenaceodentata Moore. Moore, 1903, p. 720 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and vicinity, during summers of 1902, 1903, and 1904; immature specimens were occasionally found among mussels and ascidians, mature ones common at surface on August evenings. Moore. Eastern end of Vineyard Sound, at two stations; Bay side of Pasque Island; 5 to 7 fathoms, sandy bottom. Survey. Fish Hawk station 7750 (4)*; Phalarope sta tions: 3 (i)*, 83 (i)*. Nereis virens Sars. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 317, etc.; E. B. Wilson, 1892; Bumpus, 1898; G. M. Gray, in "Biological Notes." Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Recorded from shores at many points in the Sound and Bay; likewise dredged in 5 to 10 fathoms at Fish Hawk station 7556 (9 large specimens), and Phalarope stations 26 and 79. Mainly a lit toral species, dwelling in muddy sand, though taken occasionally at greater depths; during the reproductive season it leaves the burrow and swims freely at the surface. G. M. Gray records that this species may be taken throughout the winter locally; that it appears in great numbers at the surface during its re productive period in March, emerging from the mud or sand as the tide rises, and then disap pearing again. Bumpus (1898) notes that on March 28, 1897, these worms appeared in such numbers at one point in Narragansett Bay that the water was "actually colored by extruded eggs and spermatozoa." This worm is doubtless an important item of food with many fishes, and it is used exten sively as bait by line fishermen. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 621 Nereis limbata Ehlers. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 590, 318, etc.; An drews, 1892, p. 176; E. B. Wilson, 1892, p. 371; Bumpus, 1898, i8g8b; Mead, in "Biological Notes." Charleston to Massachusetts Bay. Verrill. Woods Hole, at surface. Bumpus. Survey records*: New Bedford, on piles; Fort Phoenix, beach; Wareham River, muddy bank, be tween tides; rocky shore at end of Scraggy Neck; West Falmouth Harbor; Head of Lagoon Pond ; Katama Bay at two points. (Collected by R. C. Osburn and L. J. Cole.) Wilson states of this species and Plntyncreis megalops that oviposition at Woods Hole continues "at least from June to September," the most favorable time apparently being August and early September. He adds that "the animals appear in abundance only on warm, still nights, and even tlien are rarely found unless the water has been quiet for some days." Mead records the spawning of this worm at Wickford, R. I., May 31, 1899. Verrill expresses the opinion that this species "must contribute largely to the food of many fishes." ?Nereis dumerilii Audouin & Milne Edwards." Tarpaulin Cove; eastern end of Vineyard Sound (twice); Buzzards Bay (once); 3 to 10 fathoms, sand and gravel. Survey. Fish Hawk station: 7525 bis (i)*, 7615 (i)*; Phalarope station 2 (i) *. Nereis sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk station 7560 (several small). Platynereis megalops (Verrill). [Chart 60.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 592, 400 (Nectonereis megalops, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1879, p. 171 (Nereis alacris) , p. 172 (Nereis megalops); i882d, p. 370 (Nereis megalops); 1884, p. 665 (Nereis megalops); Andrews, 1892, p. 170 (Nereis alacris); E. B. Wilson, 1892, p. 371 (Nereis megalops); Bumpus, i8g8b (Nereis megalops). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Inshore stations of Buzzards Bay, common; a few scattered sta tions in the Sound ; dredged by the Survey in 3 to 15 fathoms of water, on various bottoms; also dug from shores at Lagoon Pond, near bridge *, and from Katama Bay *. Fish Hawk station *: 7524 (2), 7525 (2), 7548 (i), 7724 (i), 7725 (3), 7740 (3), 7763 (i large). Phalarope station*: 8 (i), 33 (i), 78 (i small), 81 (i male), 86 (i), 87 (common), 108 (several with ripe eggs), in (common), 115 (i), 116 (i), 117 (common), 122 (2), 130 (several small), 132 (i), 140 (2), 141 (2), 149 (i). 165 (i young). Platynereis megalops Continued. The sexual form is also common at the surface during the summer. (See statements by Wilson, under Nereis limbata). As in the case of other species of this family, the immature and the sexual forms were at first referred to different species. The former, in the present instance, was the Nereis alacris of Verrill. Family EUNICID^. Marphysa leidyi Quatrefages. [Chart fii.J Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 593, 319, etc. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Dredged at several stations in the eastern end of Vineyard Sound, and at several inshore stations of Buzzards Bay; 3 to 15 fathoms, on various bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk station *: 7521 bis (fragments of two), 7522 bis (i fragment), 7525 bis (fragment), 7535 bis (i fragment), 7615 (i), 7616 (i), 7672 (i fragment), 7777 (? i small fragment). Phalarope station*: i (i), 3 (i), 10 (i), 118 (i), 147 (i small). Lycidice americana Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 593, 508 (sp. nov.). Off Gay Head in 19 fathoms, soft mud. Family ONUPHID^. Diopatra cuprea Claparede. [Chart 62.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 593, 346, etc. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Tubes dredged in great numbers, on all kinds of bottoms and at all depths, throughout the entire Sound and Bay; living specimens not once taken with the dredge. Survey. Recorded from shores at Nobska Point, Bay side of local breakwater, West Falmouth, North Falmouth, Lagoon Pond, Katama Bay, Robinson s Hole, Round Hill Point, Fort Phoenix. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 (i tube), 7524 bis (i tube), 7525 bis (few tubes), 7526 (several tubes), 7527 (2 tubes), 7528 (2 tubes), 7530 bis (i tube), 7532 (several), 7532 bis (few tubes), 7533 bis (several tubes), 7534 (few), 7535 (few), 7535 bis (i tube), 7537 (tubes), 7537 bis (few tubes), 7538 bis (few), 7541 bis (few), 7543 bis (2 tubes), 7545 bis (i tube), 7547 bis (several), 7549 (numerous tubes), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (few), 7554 (i tube), 7554 bis (several tubes), 7558 (several tubes), 7559 (i tube), 7560 (i tube), 7572 (i tube), 7576 (i tube), 7578 (many tubes), 7579 (i tube), 7580 (i tube), 7581 (i tube), 7584 (i tube), 7587 (i tube), 7588 (few tubes), 7593 (i tube), 7597 (i tube), < The specimens here recorded may be a phase of N. megalops. Moore. 622 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Diopatra cuprea Continued. 7598 (i tube), 7599, 7605, 7612 (2 tubes), 7621 (i tube), 7626 (several ends of tubes), 7630 (i tube), 7632 (i), 7633 (few tubes), 7634 (few tubes), 7636 (few tubes), 7637 (few tubes), 7638 (i tube), 7639 (several tubes), 7643 (i tube), 7644 (few tubes), 7645 (fragment of i tube), 7652 (few tubes), 7653 (few tubes), 7654 (few tubes), 7655 (few tubes), 7656 (few tubes), 7659 (i tube), 7660 (few), 7661 (few tubes), 7662 (several tubes), 7663 (2 tubes), 7664 (many), 7665 (several), 7666 (many tubes) , 7667 (many tubes), 7668 (few), 7671 (few tubes), 7672 (few tubes), 7673 (i tube), 7674 (few), 7675 (few), 7678 (several tubes), 7679 (several tubes), 7680 (many tubes), 7682 (i tube), 7698 (several ends of tubes), 7699 (few tubes), 7700 (i tube), 7701 (i tube), 7702 (few tubes), 7703 (i tube), 7706 (few tubes), 7707 (few tubes), 7719 (i tube), 7720 (several tubes), 7722 (2 tubes), 7724 (i tube), 7725 (several tubes), 7730 (i tube), 7735 (i tube), 7736 (i tube), 7751 (several tubes), 7755 (several tubes), 7757 (2 tubes), 7760 (few), 7761 (common), 7766 (several tubes), 7769 (i tube), 7772 (i tube), 7774 (i tube), 7777 (several), 7778 (several tubes), 7780 (several tubes), 7781 (several tubes), 7782 (several tubes). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many tubes), 2 (many tops of tubes), 3 (tubes), 4 (few tubes), 5 (i tube), 7 (many tubes), 8 (several tubes), 9 (common), n (several tubes), 12 (several), 13 (tubes), 15 (many { tubes), 17 (tube), 19 (tubes), 21 (i tube), 24 (i tube), 25 (i tube), 26, 33 (i tube), 35 (i tube), 49 (i tube), 52 (many tubes), 55 (i tube), 59 (i), 60 (several tubes), 62 (many), 65 (i tube), 69 (i), 71 (i tube), 72 (i tube), 73 (i tube), 74 (few tubes), 75 (few tubes), 76 (many tubes), 77 (many tubes), 78 (tube), 81 (several), 82 (several tubes), 83 (few tubes), 85, 86, 91, 93 (i tube), I 94 (tube), 95 (fragments of tube), 96 (i tube), 99 (i tube), 100 (i), 101 (fragments of tubes), 102 (i tube), 105 (i tube), 107, 108, 109, in (i tube), 113 (tubes), 114 ( 3 ), 115 (i tube), 116, 117 (several tubes), 118 (many tubes), 120 (i tube), 122 (i tube), 125 (tubes), 126, 128 (tubes), 129, 130 (i tube), 132 (tubes), 134 (i tube), 139, 140 (i tube), 144 (i tube), 145 (tubes), 146 (2 tubes), 147 (i tube), 148 (i tube), 149 (few tubes), 150 (tubes), 152, 154 (many tubes), 155 (few), 156 (few), 159 (frag ment of tube), 162 (several tubes), 165 (i tube), 166 (i tube), 167 (few tubes). Diopatra cuprea Continued. Egg laying observed by A. L. Treadwell in an aquarium at the Marine Biological Labora tory on evening of July 2, 1904; this is said to be rarely observed. For an account of tube forming and other habits, see Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 346-347. Nothria conchylegia (Sars). Crab Ledge, 20 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of gravel, sand, and shells (Fish Hawk stations 7608, 7609)*, several specimens. This worm forms a flat, scabbard-shaped tube, constructed of bits of stone or shells, which it drags about with it. Family LuMBRiNERiDiB. Arabella opalina (Verrill). [Chart 63.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 594, 320, etc. (Lum- briconereis opalina, sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. In Survey dredg- ings recorded particularly from the eastern half of Vineyard Sound, and the lower half of Buzzards Bay, in 2 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, mud, and gravel. Taken during shore collecting at West Falmouth, Scraggy Neck, and Vineyard Haven. Fish Hawk stations*: 7521 bis (many small), 7532 bis (3), 7533 bis (2), 7538 bis (several), 7631 (fragment), 7634 (i), 7643 (3, i large), 7644 (i large), 7645 (i fragment), 7647 (sev eral), 7649 (2), 7651 (2), 7652 (fragments of one), 7S5 (3). 7656 (i), 7657 (i fragment), 7658 (2), 7661 (i), 7669 (i), 7674 (2), 7678 (i small), 7686 (i), 7697 (i fragment), 7732 (several), 7737 (i), 7738 (3), 7739 ( f ew), 7744 (i), 7749 (few small), 7750 (very common), 7751 (common), 7752 (common), 7755 (very common), 7759 (com mon), 7761 (several), 7764 (common), 7767 (very common), 7768 (abundant), 7780, 7782. Phalarope stations*: n (i), 62 (i), 73 (i), 124 (i small). Reproductive season probably late in August; no ripe eggs have been noted earlier than August 10. A. L. Treadwell. Arabella spinifera Moore. Moore, 1906, p. 501 (sp. nov.). "Found among a lot of Ninoe nigripes Verrill dredged on the muddy bottom of the middle of Buzzards Bay, Mass., the exact spot being unknown." Drilonereis longa Webster. Webster, 1878, p. 40 (not recorded locally). North Falmouth, Kettle Cove, and similar places, rather common, on shores at low-water mark. Moore. Two records in Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk stations 7642* and 7674*. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 623 Lumbrineris tenuis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 594, 320, etc. (Lum- briconereis tenuis sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound; shores and flats of sandy mud. Verrill. Recorded once by the Survey at Fish Hawk station 7642*, near middle of Buzzards Bay, 5 fathoms, mud. ? Lumbrineris fragilis Oersted. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 594, 507 (Lumbri- conereis fragilis) . Mouth of Vineyard Sound and deeper waters out side, on muddy bottom. Verrill. Dr. Moore expresses doubt concerning the occurrence of this species locally. Lumbrineris hebes Verrill. [Chart 64.] Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; 5 to 13 fathoms, sand, gravel, and mud; taken at a few scattered stations. Fish Hawk stations*: 7525 (? abundant on Ama- roucium pellucidum), 7526 (?i), 7527 (?6), 7528 (?3). 7532 (several), 7535 (i), 7538 (??), 7540 (4), 7544 (2), 7545 (i), 7553 (i), 7556 (2), 7637 (several), 7638 (several), 7651 (i fragment), 7656(1), 7674(1), 7724(1). Phalarope stations*: 2 (common in Ainarou- cium), 3. Ninoe nigripes Verrill. [Chart 65.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 595, 508 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay and waters outside. Verrill. Generally distributed throughout Buzzards Bay; but one record for Vineyard Sound; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths under 10 fathoms, on bottoms of mud and muddy sand. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7558, 7612 (plentiful), 7613 (several), 7614 (several), 7618 (several), 7619 (several), 7623 (i), 7632 (i), 7637 (common), 7638 (plentiful), 7640 (several), 7641 (several), 7642 (several), 7643 (several), 7647 (many), 7648 (i), 7649 (i), 7650 (several), 7651 (com mon), 7652 (common), 7653 (common), 7654 (several), 7655 (2), 7656 (several), 7657 (i frag ment), 7658 (common), 7661 (i), 7662 (several), 7667(1), 7669(1), 7674(3), 7675(1). Phalarope stations*: 78 (3 small), 107 (i), no (i), 117 (i), 162 (several), 163 (i), 165 (i). Family GLYCERIM;. Rhynchobolus americanus (Leidy). [Chart 66.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 596, 342, etc. Vineyard Sound, low water to 10 fathoms. Ver rill. Distribution pretty general throughout Buzzards Bay; only recorded from two points in the Sound; dredged at 4 to 13 fathoms, mud and muddy sand. Survey. a Dr. Moore thinks it likely that Scoloplosfi 16269 Bull. 31, pt. 2 13 6 Rhynchobolus americanus Continued. Fish Hawk stations*: 7612 (several small), 7617 (3 small), 7625 (i), 7631 (3), 7637 (i), 7638 (sev eral), 7640 (several), 7643 (several), 7646 (sev eral), 7647 (several), 7649 (3), 7650 (i), 7651 (3), 7652 (several), 7655 (i), 7656 (i), 7658 (i), 7660 (2), 7661 (2), 7667 (i), 7669 (3), 7675 (2). Supplementary station 7723 (1906). Phalarope stations*: 19, 160 (i). Verrill records the taking of the young in tow in early September. Glycera capitata Oersted. Crab Ledge, 17 fathoms, gravel (Fish Hawk sta tion 7605)*, 2 specimens. Euglycera dibranchiata (Ehlers). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 596, 341, etc. (Rhynchobolus dibranchiatus) . Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound in 13 fathoms, sand (Fish Hawk station 7710*); near Lucas Shoal, in 9 fathoms, sand (Fish Hawk station 7556*); one specimen at each point. Survey. Also re corded from Tarpaulin Cove, sandy shore*; head of Lagoon Pond*, in 2 feet of water; Vine yard Haven*; Katama Bay, on gravel beach*; Robinsons Hole, on mud flats*; Ft. Phoenix*. Family GONIADID/E. Glycinde gracilis (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 596, 508 (Eone gra cilis, sp. nov.). Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, in soft mud. Ophioglycera gtgantea Verrill. Verrill, 1885, p. 436 (sp. nov.). Newport Harbor in the evening, August, 1880. Family ARICIID^E. Aricia ornata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 596, 344 (sp. nov.; no local records). Naushon, Marthas Vineyard, etc., on sandy beaches at low water. Moore. Treadwell notes its occurrence in moderate abundance, on the Bay side of the local breakwater. Reproduction observed only during last week in in July and first two weeks in August; eggs can be artificially fertilized, if cut from body of female. Treadwell. Scoloplos acutus (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 599, 416, etc. (An- thostoma acutum, sp. nov.). Off Gay Head, in 19 fathoms, soft mud; also from deeper parts of Vineyard Sound. ragilis (Verrill) is the species here referred to. 624 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Scoloplos fragilis (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 598, 344, etc. (An- thostoma fragile, sp. nov.). Woods Hole. Verrill. Quisset Harbor, 2 to 3 fathoms, muddy bottom ( Phalarope station 127), 2 specimens*; south arm of West Falmouth Harbor, beach of sandy mud, between tides*; Round Hill Point, bet ween tides*; rocky shore at end of Scraggy Neck*; Lagoon Pond, at both ends*; Katama Bay, at two points*. Survey. Great Pond* (E. D. Congdon, col.). Scoloplos robustus (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 597, 343, etc. (An- thostoma robustum, sp. nov.). Woods Hole. Verrill. Lower half of Buzzards Bay, at four stations; dredged in 6 to 7 fathoms, sandy mud and muddy sand. Survey. Also recorded from shores at Fort Phoenix* and Scraggy Neck*, Naushon side of Robinsons Hole*, on mud flats and Katama Bay, at two points*. Fish Hawk stations*: 7640 (i small), 7643 (i small), 7652 (i), 7675 (i fragment). Scoloplos sp., sp. A specimen, attributed to this genus by Dr. Moore, was taken in Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7686. Verrill and Smith (1873, p. 600 and 508) record an undetermined " Anthostoma" from the deeper waters off Gay Head and Buzzards Bay. Family TOMOPTERID^E. Tomoplerus hclgolandica Greef. Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 626, 453 (Tomopierus sp. undet.); Moore, 19033, p. 798. Vineyard Sound, immature specimens taken in evening. Verrill. Taken twice at Crab Ledge (Aug. 19 and 22, 1902), by means of tow net lowered nearly to the bottom, in 19 fathoms of water. Moore. Collected by V. N. Edwards in surface tow in Woods Hole Harbor, April, May, and December; sometimes in consider able numbers. Family Spio setosa Verrill. Verrill and Smith. 1873, p. 602, 344, etc. (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and Naushon Island. Verrill. Common under stones on shores of sand and mud; the young have been taken at surface in the evening. Spio robusta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 603, 345, etc. (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and Naushon, in sand at low-water mark. Verrill. Great Pond * (E. D. Cong don, col.). Spio sp. undetermined. Near Weepecket Island, in 7 fathoms, clear sand (Phalarope station 109*), i specimen, in frag ments. Scolecolepis cirrata Malmgren. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 602, 416, etc. In deeper parts of Vineyard Sound, near its mouth on bottoms of sand and gravel. Yerrill. Scolecolepis iiiridis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 600, 345, etc. (sp. nov.); Mead, 1897, p. 270; Bumpus, 18983. Woods Hole. Verrill. Tarpaulin Cove, both on shore and in 3 to 4 fathoms ( Phalarope stations 17* and 19*); Naushon shore of Robinsons Hole *, in shoal water ; Katama Bay *. Survey. Great Pond* (E. D. Congdon, col.). " The breeding season of this worm is nearly over by the ist of May. The eggs are deposited inside of the sand tubes in which the females live." Mead. fPrionospio tenms Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 665. Woods Hole (?) in harbor mud, also at surface; a larva, probably of the same species, was taken once in September. Verrill. Fewkes (1883, p. 167) erroneously applies this name to a larva taken at Newport (see Magelona rosea). Prionospio helerobranchia Moore. Moore, 1907, p. 195 (sp. nov.). Only known specimen "was dredged from the soft ooze at the bottom of the deepest part of the Eel Pond at Woods Hole on August 4, 1902." Polydora tubifex Verrill. Verrill, 1885, p. 438 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, i to 5 fathoms, sandy mud; larvs at surface in August and September. Verrill. Rather common at North Falmouth, and occa sional on muddy flats elsewhere. Moore. Polydora concharum Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 174 (sp. nov.; not recorded locally). Vineyard Sound, in 12 fathoms, at Fish Hawk stations 7523 bis (i)* and 7732 (several).* Survey. Crab Ledge and off Sankaty Head, in shells. Moore. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 625 Polydora anoculala Moore. Moore, 1907, p. 197 (sp. nov.). " Uncommon. Usually taken in association with colonies of Amaroecium pellucidumin 7 to 17 fathoms in Vineyard Sound. Less often on piles among Cynthia in Little Harbor and with Polydora colonia at Vineyard Haven. A specimen taken on July 14 contained nearly mature eggs." Polydora colonia Moore. Moore, 1907, p. 199 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Haven, on piles, among sponges and tunicates, forming large colonies of "soft mu- coid tubes. Specimens containing large eggs were noted in July. Polydora littorea Verrill. Verrill, 1873, P- 63> 345 (Polydora ciliatum?). Naushon Island, in muddy sand, at about half tide. A. Agassiz. Young frequently taken in tow nets. Verrill. Very common on muddy shores. Moore. Great Pond* (E. D. Congdon, col.). Polydora sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk station 7769 (i)*; Phalarope station 77 (2)*; shore at Tarpaulin Cove, sandy beach.* Family MAGELONID.B Magelona rosea Moore. Moore, 1907, p. 201 (sp. nov.). "This species has been found only on a sandy beach, chiefly below low water, in a little shallow bay on the Buzzards Bay side of Woods Hole. Prof. E. A. Andrews found it at the same place about ten years before it came to my notice, and has described a specimen under the name of M. papillicornis Miiller. The remarkable larvae have been described by Fewkes (as Prionospio tenuis) from Newport, and by Andrews from Beaufort, N. C., and Woods Hole." Family CH/ETOPTERID*. Chcetopterus pergamentaceus Cuvier. [Chart 67.] Verrill, i882b, p. 370; 1884, p. 665; Mead, 1897, p. 271. (Strangely omitted from Verrill and Smith s Invertebrates of Vineyard Sound.) Naushon Island. Verrill. In Buzzards Bay, tubes (never containing worms) were fre quently brought up by the dredge, particu larly in the upper half and at inshore stations, occurring at depths of 2 to 8 (once at 12) fath oms, on various bottoms, though relatively more common in mud ; not recorded from the Sound. Survey. Hadley Harbor. Moore, Treadwell. Ram Island; shore of Woods Hole Chtztoptems pergameniaceus Continued . Harbor in front of Marine Biological Labora tory supply department building. G. M. Gray. Mr. Gray notes that this worm is par ticularly common among the roots of eelgrass, where it may readily be dug up after mowing down the latter with a scythe. On the shoal between Ram Island and Devils Foot, 13 specimens were thus obtained in the course of a few hours by J. F. McClendon and C. B. Bennett. Fish Hawk stations: 7613 (fragment of tube), 7616 (few ends of tubes), 7617 (pieces of tubes), 7618 (pieces of tubes), 7619 (several tubes), 7620 (portions of tubes), 7621 (i tube), 7622 (many ends of tubes), 7624 (several tubes), 7626 (ends of tubes), 7630 (i fragment of a tube), 7632 (portions of tubes), 7633 (several tubes), 7634 (i tube), 7636 (i tube), 7637 (few tubes), 7638 (several), 7644 (i), 7645 (portions of several tubes), 7646 (i), 7664 (r tube). Phalarope stations: 108 (i end of tube), 109 (end of tube), 114(1 tube), 124(1 tube), 125 (i tube), 126 (i tube), 128, 129 (i tube), 130 (i tube), 133 (few tubes), 136 (i tube), 140 (i tube), 141 (tubes), 142, 145 (tubes), 146 (several tubes), 150 (tubes), 154 (few tubes), 160 (i fragment of tube), 162 (i tube), 165 (several tubes), 166 (i fragment of tube). Eggs taken from the body of the female during July and August may be artificially fertilized Mead, Treadwell. Commensal crabs of the genus Pinnixa are of frequent occurrence in the tubes of this worm. Spiochcetoptems ocutahn Webster. [Chart 68.] Buzzards Bay, chiefly in lower half; two records from Vineyard Sound; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, chiefly in mud or mixtures of mud and sand. Survey. This worm lives in a slender, quill-like tube, marked by numerous annular thickenings, and buried upright in the mud . Moore . Fish Hawk stations*: 7629 (i tube), 7634 (several tubes), 7637 (many tubes), 7638 (tubes com mon), 7640 (several tubes), 7641 (several), 7642 (several), 7643 (several tubes), 7647 (several), 7648 (i), 7649 (i tube), 7650 (i), 7652, 7653 (2 tubes), 7654 (tubes), 7655 (several tubes), 7656, 7657 (tube and i fragment), 7658 (few tubes), 7659 (few tubes), 7660 (few tubes), 7661, 7662 (few tubes), 7663, 7665 (few tubes), 7669 (few tubes), 7672 (i tube), 7673 (several tubes), 7733 (several tubes). Phalarope stations*: 62 (i tube), 97 (i tube), 109 (i tube), 114 (2 tubes), 115 (i tube), 161 (i tube), 165 (tubes), 166 (tubes). 626 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Family AMMOCHARID<. Ammochares artifex Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 610, 08 (Ammochares, species undetermined); Verrill, 1885, p. 439 (Ammochares artifex, sp. nov.). Fifteen miles east of Block Island, in 29 fathoms, sandy mud; 23 fathoms off Marthas Vine yard. Verrill. a Tubes of what are regarded as worms of this species have been taken in Buzzards Bay, near center (Fish Hawk stations 7612* and 7642*), and in Vineyard Sound, near Nonamesset Island (Phalarope stations 4* and 8*). Survey. This worm constructs flexible tubes covered with imbricated sand grains. Family CIRRATULID^E. Cirratulus grandis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 606, 319, etc. (sp. nov.); Mead, 1898; Bumpus, i8g8b. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, at 5 stations, 2 to u fathoms, sand and gravel; likewise dug up along shore at Katama Bay* (2 points), Naushon side of Robinsons Hole*, and the bathing beach at Fort Phoenix*. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7538 bis (i), 7750 (i), 7767 (several), 7769 (i). Phalarope station 73 (i)*. Eggs appeared to be nearly ripe, April 17; species known to breed during July; females will deposit eggs in the evening, in confine ment. Mead. Cirratulus tenuis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 607, 416 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, 6 to 12 fathoms, among com pound ascidians; 23 fathoms, off Marthas Vineyard. Verrill. Two specimens recorded by the Survey from Vineyard Sound, near Nobska Point, 7 fathoms, stones and sand (Fish Hawk station 7521 bis)*. Cirratulus cirratus Mtiller. Vineyard Sound, near Cedar Tree Neck, 7 fathoms, sand and shells (Fish Hawk station 7553)*: i specimen. Cirratulus parvus Moore. Moore, 1906, p. 505 (sp. nov.). "Deeper waters of Vineyard and Nantucket Sounds, in from 10 to 19 fathoms, where it lives in colonies among the crevices of Amaros- cium pellucidum and in passages of shells. Quite common in the latter at Crab Ledge, off Chatham." An immature specimen re corded from near West Falmouth, at Phalarope station 136*. oThis statement applies to the "Ammochares, species undet described, was only listed from 67 fathoms. Cirrhinereis fragilis Quatrefages. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 607, 332; Verrill, i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 665. Specimens believed to belong to this species were dredged by Verrill in Vineyard Sound, on rocky bottom; others taken at surface. Dr. Moore thinks it possible that Cirratulus parnus was the form referred to. Cirrhinereis pkosphorea Verrill. Verrill, i882b, p. 370; 1884, p. 665. A form thus referred to by Verrill, but not described, was taken at the surface in Vine yard Sound or Woods Hole Harbor. Dodecaceria coralii (Leidy). Leidy, 1855, p. 12 (Naraganseta coralii); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 607 (Naraganseta coralii). Vineyard Sound, near shores of Nonamesset and Naushon; Buzzards Bay, near Scraggy Neck; dredged in 4 to 10 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and gravel, sometimes in dead coral (Astrangia darue); also taken on piles in Nantucket Har bor*. Hitherto not listed for Massachusetts. Phalarope stations*; 2, 3 (2), 6 (i), n (i), 145 (i). Acrocirrus leidyi Verrill. Verrill, i882d, p. 370; 1884, p. 665. Woods Hole, surface, evening, August 2 to September 9, 1881 and 1882. Family TEREBELLID^E. Amphitrite cirrata (Miiller). Crab Ledge, on stony bottom, in tubes, among Amaroucium, etc., rare. Moore. Three speci mens taken by the Survey at Crab Ledge (station 7606)*, in 16 fathoms, stones and gravel. Amphitrite attenuata Moore. Moore, 1906, p. 506 (sp. nov.). "This species has been taken only on the piles of the New York Yacht Club wharf in Vine yard Haven, where it occurs sparingly below low water among Cynthia and Amarixcium; lives in small mud tubes and breeds in early July." Amphitrite brunnea (Stimpson). Crab Ledge and off Nantucket in 16 to 23 fathoms. Moore. Amphitrite ornata (Leidy). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 613, 320, etc.; Mead, 1897, p. 229. Vineyard Sound, common in sand and gravel at low- water mark . Verrill . Lackeys Bay , Had- ley Harbor, Ram Island. Mead. Not taken during Survey dredging, but recorded from .ermined" of the Vineyard Sound report. The A. arlifei, when BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 627 Amphitriie ornata Continued. piles at New Bedford,* and from a gravel beach on west side of Katatna Bay.* "The limits of the breeding season are unknown. Although about 800 worms were collected. . . between the first of June and the last of August, only seldom were ripe eggs and ripe spermatozoa obtained." Mead. Verrill re cords the taking of young in the tow in the evening, but the month is not stated. Leprcea rubra Verrill. [Chart 69.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 615, 382, etc. (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound; Woods Hole. Verrill. Gay Head, at several stations; eastern half of Vine yard Sound, fairly common; recorded once from head of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 13 fathoms, sand and gravel; also recorded from Vineyard Haven* and Edgartown,*on piles. Survey. Fish Hawk station*: 7526 (2), 7543 bis (i), 7634 (3 young), 7732 (i young), 7748 (2), 7750 (sev eral), 7755 (i), 7757 (i), 7759 (several frag ments), 7767 (several), 7769 (several), 7770 (several), 7772 (several). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 2 (frequent in hydroid colonies), 3 (frequent in hydroid colonies), 8 (2 young), 9 (i young, 44 (many young, among algte), 45 (i), 49 (i), 57 (several young), 58 (very common), 62 (several young). Verrill records the taking of young at the surface in the evening. Nicolea simplex Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 613, 321, etc. (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Taken several times in the western end of Vineyard Sound ; dredged but twice elsewhere; 8 to 13 fathoms, sand and stones, in one case on Laminaria; recorded also from Nobska Point on rocks below low tide* and from Vineyard Haven on piles of wharf.* Fish Hawk stations*: 7532 (several young), 7656 (2 tubes on Laminaria), 7689 (several, chiefly young), 7690 (i), 7692 (i), 7693 (i), 7722 (i), 7730 (3). Verrill records the presence of the young in tow, July and August evenings. Pista intermedia Webster. [Chart 70.] Buzzards Bay, tubes occasionally taken, chiefly at inshore stations; a few records from the western part of the Sound; 3 to 12 fathoms, on various bottoms, more commonly sandy mud. Fish Hawk stations*: 7621 (many fragments), 7626 (ends of tubes), 7629 (i tube), 7630 (sev- Pista intermedia Continued . eral ends of tubes), 7639 (several tubes), 7645 (ends of several tubes), 7659 (fragments), 7664 (2 tubes), 7666 (i tube), 7671 (3 tubes), 7674 (itube). Supplementary stations: 7567(1906), 7723 (1906). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 50 (i frag ment of tube), 52 (fragment of tube), 83 (frag ments of several tubes), 85 (fragments of tube), 123 (fragments of tubes), 160 (several tubes), 163 (i tube). 164 (tubes), 165 (tubes). Pista palmata (Verrill-). [Chart 71.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 614, 321, etc. (Scion- opsis palmata, sp. nov.) ; Bumpus, iSgSb (Scionopsis palmata). Vineyard Sound, low-water mark to i fathom. Verrill. Tubes common at inshore stations of Buzzards Bay; less frequent at those of Vine yard Sound ; dredged at 3 to 7 fathoms (rarely at greater depths), in sand, gravel, and mud; recorded also from Nobska Point,* and from piles at Vineyard Haven.* Fish Hawk stations*: 7688 (i tube), 7751 (2), 7781 (several tubes). Phalarope stations: 2(1), 8(1), 64 (several frag ments of tubes), 65 (tubes), 87 (i tube), 96 (several tubes), 97 (several tubes), 98 (i tube), 103 (i), 108 (several tubes), no (many tubes), 114 (i tube), 115 (i tube), 117 (several tubes), 128, 129 (i tube), 132 (i tube), 133 (few tubes), 137 (several tubes), 140 (several tubes), 141 (3), 144 (i tube), 146 (several tubes), 147 (several tubes), 149 (few tubes), 150 (tubes), 152, 153, 160 (several tubes). Bumpus records that the eggs were apparently ripe in August, though artificial fertilization was not attempted. Thelepus cincinnatus (Fabricius). Crab Ledge, at 6 stations; 16 to 25 fathoms, chiefly on gravelly bottoms, forming sand- incrusted tubes attached to stones. Survey. Off Sankaty Head. Moore. Fish Hawk stations*: 7603 (2), 7605 (tubes), 7606 (i tube), 7607 (several with tubes), 7608 (i tube), 7609. Loimia mridis Moore. Moore, 1903, p. 723 (sp. nov.). The type specimen was taken by G. M. Gray on Ram Island, Woods Hole harbor, in sandy mud, August 4, 1902; a second specimen has been taken at North Falmouth. 628 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Polycirrus eximcus (Leidy). [Chart 72.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 616, 320, etc. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Eastern half of ! Vineyard Sound, at a number of stations; | dredged in 5 to 17 fathoms on various bottoms; also recorded for Vineyard Haven* on piles and in bottom of harbor, and for Katama Bay.* Fish Hawk stations*; 7558, 7732 (several), 7757 (i). 7759 (0. 776i (i). 777 (0- Phalarope stations*: 2 (frequent in hydroid colonies), 3, 5 (2), 6 (2). Verrill records taking the young of this species in tow, August and September, evenings. Polycirrus phosphoreus Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 181 (sp. nov.). Stonington, Conn., to Bay of Fundy. Verrill. Occasional in Blizzards Bay; Crab Ledge, 17 fathoms, in crevices of shells. Moore. Polycirrus, sp. undetermined. Fish Hawk stations*: 7579 (i), 7637 (several), 7638 (several), 7639 (several). Anoplobranchus sanguineus (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 616, 320 (Chceto- ! branchus sanguineous, sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, at low-water mark, in soft mud filled with decaying vegetable matter; in cluded in list for brackish waters. Verrill. Buzzards Bay at " breakwater," found at low water. Moore. Family AMPHARETID^E. Ampharete setosa Verrill. [Chart 73.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 612, 508 (Ampharete gracilis). Off Gay Head. Verrill. Scattered stations throughout entire length of Buzzards Bay; less frequent records for Vineyard Sound; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, sand and mud. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7533 bis (i), 7538 (i), 7612 (i), /6i3 (i). 7 6 2S (i). 7630 (i), 7631 (i), 7037 (i), 7650 (i), 7653 (i), 7659 (i), 7667 (3), 7686, 775 (*) Phalarope stations*: 8 (i), 78 (i small), 84 (3), 109 (i), 152, 162 (i). Sabellides pusilla Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 613 (Amage pusilla, sp. nov. ; not listed for this region). Blue Wing station 49* (Gay Head, on sandy bottom): i specimen. Melinna cristata Sars. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 613, 432, etc. Mouth of Vineyard Sound, on muddy bottoms, in the deepest water. Verrill. Dr. Moore states that he has never taken this species in local waters, but that all which he has ex amined belong to the following species. Melinna maculata Webster. [Chart 74.] Tubes dredged at scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay, 3 to 17 fathoms, muddy bot tom; not recorded from Vineyard Sound. Survey. Tashmoo Pond*, in brackish water (E. D. Congdon, col.). Fish Hawk stations*: 7623 (tubes), 7624 (i tube), 7629 (i tube), 7637 (common), 7638 (plentiful), 7639 (i tube), 7641 (several tubes), 7663 (i), 7673 (several). Phalarope stations*: 80 (several tubes), 159 (i tube), 161 (i), 162 (several tubes), 164 (tubes), 165 (tubes), 166 (tubes). Family AMPHICTENID/E. Cislenides gouldii Verrill. [Chart 75.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 612, 323, etc. (sp. nov.). New Jersey to Cape Cod. Verrill. Buzzards Bay throughout its entire length; Quicks Hole , Robinsons Hole , Woods Hole ; not noted at any of Vineyard Sound stations ; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths less than 10 fathoms, occurring commonly in mixtures of mud and sand; recorded also from muddy banks or sand flats at Fort Phoenix, Wareham River, Katama Bay, and Lagoon Pond at both ends. Survey. Woods Hole Harbor, on beach in front of Marine Biological Labora tory supply department. G. M. Gray. Fish Hawk stations: 7613 (3 tubes), 7614 (i), 7615 (i), 7616 (i tube), 7620 (several), 7622 (2), 7623 (3), 7625 (several small), 7626 (i tube), 7629 (3 tubes), 7637 (several), 7638 (i), 7640 (i), 7641 (i), 7653 (i tube), 7656 (i tube), 7657 (i tube), 7661 (i tube), 7673 (2), Phalarope stations: 28 (i empty tube), 85 (2), 89 (fragment of tube), 90 (i fragment of tube), 94 (fragments of tube), 95 (fragments of tube), 96 (fragments of tube), 119 (i), 120 (several), 139 (i tube), 145 (i), 156, 159 (several tubes).* 160 (i living),* 161 (i living),* 162 (few tubes),* 165 (many tubes),* 166 (several tubes). Mr. Gray notes that during life the apex of the tube is generally uppermost. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 629 Family CAPITBLLIDJE. Capiiella gracilis (Verrill). South side of Nonamesset Island , on mud flats at low water, abundant. Moore. Capitellasp. undetermined. Western end of Vineyard Sound; n fathoms, Sandy bottom (Fish Hawk station 7721)*: 3 immature specimens (?). Heteromastus filiformis (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 6n, 342 (Notomastus filiformis, sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, sandy shores. Notomastus luridus Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 610, 342 (sp. nov.). Recorded by Verrill only for Savin Rock, near New Haven. Moore (MS.) includes this species in local list as "common at low water in mixed sand and mud." Family POLYGORDIID^. Polygordius sp. undetermined. .Fewkes, 1883, p. 195; Bumpus, iSpSb; Cowles, 1903, p. 125. Fewkes reports that "Loven s larvae are among the most common Annelid larvse taken in the tow-net at Newport." At Woods Hole, ex ceedingly abundant during early summer of 1892; a few noted during summer of 1898. Bumpus. "Often found in great abundance at Woods Hole . Cowles . Family OPHELIID<B. Ammotrypane fimbriata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 604 (sp. nov.). Off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fathoms, mud. Verrill. Vineyard Sound, in neighborhood of Cutty- hunk (Fish Hawk station 7686*, Phalarope station 33*), 5 to 17 fathoms; sand, gravel, and mud . Survey . Ophelia denticulata Verrill. Vineyard Sound, 5 fathoms, sand and shells (Fish Hawk station 7540)*, i specimen. Traiiisia cornea Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 604, 508 (sp. nov.). Off Gay Head in 19 fathoms, soft mud. Family MALDANID.S. Rhodine attenuata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 609, 508 (sp. nov.). Off Gay Head, 6 to 8 fathoms. Nicomache dispar Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 608, 512 (sp. nov.). Off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fathoms, forming rough tubes of sand, which are not very firm. Clymenella torquata (Leidy). [Chart 76.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 608, 343, etc.; Bumpus, i8g8a; Sumner, 1910, fig. 7. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Buzzards Bay throughout its length; Quicks Hole, Robin sons Hole, Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven; in the Sound, recorded only from Tarpaulin Cove, Menemsha Bight, and extreme western end; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths of less than 10 fathoms, most commonly in mixtures of mud and sand. Survey. The foregoing records refer chiefly to tubes. Also recorded from shore collections at Nobska Point; Lagoon Pond, at two points; shores of Robinsons Hole, on both Pasque and Nau- shon sides; Katama Bay, at two points; and Fort Phoenix. Fish Hawk stations: 7612 (tubes), 7613 (tubes), 7618 (tubes), 7619 (several), 7620 (i), 7625 (several tubes), 7632 (several tubes), 7638 (i), 7640 (many tubes), 7641 (i), 7642 (several tubes), 7647 (2), 7651 (several tubes), 7652 (several), 7653 (2), 7654 (i), 7655 (several tubes), 7656 (several tubes), 7657 (several tubes), 7658 (several tubes), 7664 (2), 7667 (several tubes), 7669 (several tubes), 7673 (common), 7675 (several tubes), 7685 (many tubes), 7686 (many tubes), 7687 (many tubes), 7688 (2 tubes), 7710 (several tubes), 7724 (numerous tubes). Phalarope stations: 17 (tubes), 19, 29 (2), 60 (several tubes), 72 (several tubes), 85 (several tubes), 89 (several fragments of tubes), 99 (many tubes), 100 (several tubes), 101 (frag ments of tubes), 102 (several tubes), 107 (sev eral tubes), 119 (2 tubes), 120 (2 tubes), 123 (fragments of tubes), 124 (2 tubes), 127 (tubes), 129, 133 (few tubes), 139 (several small tubes), 145 (several tubes), 147 (2 tubes), 148 (i tube), 150 (tubes), 152, 153, 154, 159 (i tube), 160 (i). Found by Mead to be breeding during the early part of May. Praxilella zonalis Verrill. Verrill, 1874, p. 384. Buzzards Bay, at a few scattered stations; one record for the western end of Vineyard Sound; Crab Ledge, at one station; 4 to 20 fathoms, chiefly in mud and sand. Survey. 630 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Praxilella zonalis Continued. Fish Hawk stations*: 7608 (fragments of 2), 7612 (i fragment), 7614 (2), 7617 (i fragment), 7629 (several tubes), 7638, 7659 (i), 7686 (i). Sup plementary station 7669 (1907). Phalarope station: 162 (several fragments). Praxilella tricirrata Moore. Moore, 1906, p. 503 (sp. nov.). Taken on two occasions at Crab Ledge . . . in 17 to 20 fathoms, on a stony and gravelly bottom, and not found elsewhere." Filled with eggs on September 2." Praxilella producta (Lewis). Lewis, 1899, p. in (Clymene producta, sp. nov.). Taken at Cotuit, on sand flat, at low water. Lewis, Moore. A search by Miss Lewis among the sand flats in other parts of Vineyard Sound failed to reveal this species. Maldane clongata Verrill. [Chart 77.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 609, 343, etc. (sp. nov.). Scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay, 2 to 13 fathoms, muddy bottom. Survey. Abundant on mud flats just below low water. Moore. Listed by Verrill only from vicinity of New Haven. Fish Hawk stations*: 7637 (plentiful, small), 7638 (common), 7641 (i), 7642 (2), 7643 (i small), 7645 (i fragment), 7646 (i fragment), 7669 (common, tubes), 7671 (several), 7674 (several tubes). Phalarope stations*: 94 (fragments of tubes), 97 (i tube), 127 (tubes), 128, 160 (i), 161 (several tubes). Family ARENICOLID^. Arenicola marina (Linnaeus). Ram Island, in Woods Hole Harbor; stony shores, below low- water mark; not uncom mon. Moore. Nonamesset Island, on Woods Hole side *. Gray. Arenicola cristaia Stimpson. North Falmouth, abundant. Moore, Gray. Kettle Cove*; Buzzards Bay at local break water*. Gray. Katama Bay, east shore*. Survey. Dug on sand and gravel flats, below low- water mark. Eggs may be found from the latter part of June to the latter part of July; at times they "may be collected by the bucketful." Bumpus. Eggs laid in large jelly masses attached by one end to the mouth of the burrow; may be found late in the spring and throughout most of the summer. Moore. Family SCAUBREGMID^B. Scalibregma brevicauda Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 605 (sp. nov.). Oft" New Haven. Verrill. Buzzards Bay, near Naushon shore (Fish Hawk station 7652)*; 7 fathoms, sandy mud; 2 specimens. Supple mentary station 7612 (1907)*. Family CHLORH^MTD^E. Brada setosa Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 606, 508 (sp. nov.). Off Gay Head, 8 to 10 fathoms, among mussels, etc. Verrill. Lower half of Buzzards Bay; 3 to 9 fathoms, mud. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7656 (i)*, 7657* (several). Phalarope station 165 (i)*. Trophonia affinis Verrill. [Chart 78.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 605, 432. Oft" Buzzards Bay in 25 fathoms, mud. Verrill. Pretty general in the lower half of Buzzards Bay; several stations in the Sound; 4 to 17 fathoms, chiefly on muddy bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7532 bis (2), 7537 (2), 7640 (2), 7641 (i), 7647 (i small), 7651 (i), 7652 (2), 7654 (i), 7655 (6), 7656 (several), 7658 (i), 7662 (i), 7671(1), 7673(3), 7674 (common), 7675 (3). Phalarope stations*: 8 (i), 59 (i), 95 (i), 103 (i), 119 (i). Family STERNASPID.E. ISternaspisfossor Stimpson. 6 Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 606, 507. Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud, quite common. Family SABELUD.B. Myxicola sleenstrupii. (Kroyer). Crab Ledge, stony bottom, 17 fathoms. Moore. Twenty fathoms on bottom of sand and gravel (Fish Hawk station 7608)*, i specimen. Euchone elcgans Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 618, 432 (sp. nov.). Deeper parts of Vineyard Sound; much more abundant in the deeper waters outside. Ver rill. Western end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7686*, 17 fathoms, mud. Survey. Parasabclla micr ophthalmia (Verrill). [Chart 79.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 618, 323 (Sabella micro phthalmia, sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1906, p. 310 (Sabella tnicrophthalmia}. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Scattered inshore stations in Buzzards Bay and eastern end of Vineyard Sound; dredged in 3 to 6 fathoms, on various bottoms; recorded also from Woods o It is curious that neither this nor the following species is listed by Verrill and Smith I b Dr. Moore states that the local species is probably S, scutata (Ranzani). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 631 Parasabella microphthalmia Continued. Hole Harbor*, Vineyard Haven* and Edgar- town*, on piles, and from Nobska Point and beach*. Fish Hawk stations*: 7616 (2 small), 7625 (i), 7 6 34 (3). 775 (i). 778i (i young). Phalarope stations*: i (several), 2 (rather com mon), 3 (rather common), 8 (2), 87 (2), 120 (i young), 148 (i). Pseudopotamilla oculifera (Leidy). [Chart 80.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 617, 322, etc. (Polamilla oculifera); Hargitt, 1906, p. 310 (Potamilla oculifera). Vineyard Sound; off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fath oms. Verrill. Abundant and generally dis tributed in Vineyard Sound; less frequent in Buzzards Bay and mainly confined to inshore stations ; Crab Ledge at four stations ; dredged in 2 to 25 fathoms, on every sort of bottom; also recorded from piles at Vineyard Haven*. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (several tubes), 7522 bis (2 tubes), 7526 (i), 7528 (3), 7531 (2), 7534 (tubes), 7535 bis (i tube), 7544 bis (2 tubes), 7560 (i), 7561 (i), 7570 (tubes), 7572 (tubes), 7594 (burrows in shells), 7595 (i tube), 7597 (several tubes and worms), 7606 (3), 7607 (several tubes), 7608 (3 tubes), 7609, 7612 (several), 7613 (i), 7616 (plentiful, attached to shells), 7618 (i), 7621 (several), 7625 (sev eral), 7629 (i), 7679 (common), 7680 (common), 7681 (2), 7700 (several), 7702 (i), 7706 (several^ some with eggs), 7707 (many attached to sponge), 7708 (i tube), 7709 (i), 7730 (many tubes), 7732 (several), 7737 (tubes), 7742 (i tube), 7744 (i tube), 7747 (common), 7748 (i), 7756 (few), 7757 (i), 7767 (few), 7768 (com mon), 7769 (common), 7770 (several), 7772 (few), 7773 (few), 7777 (i), 7782 (several tubes). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (several), 2 (several), 3 (several), 7 (4 tubes), 8 (several), ii (i tube), 12 (i), 14, 15 (several tubes), 16 (several tubes), 22 (i), 25 (several), 36 (i), 52 (i), 53 (colony on Venus), 63 (i), 66 (i tube), 67, So, 81, 84 (2 tubes), 107 (i tube), 113 (i tube), 114 (2 tubes), 116 (i), 118 (i), 138 (i tube), 151, 165 (tubes). This worm constructs familiar tough flexible tubes, attached to stones and shells, often penetrating the latter. Fabricia stellaris Blainville. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 619, 323 (Fabricia kidyi, sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, at and below low-water mark. Verrill. Abundant on piles. Moore. Family Protula sp. Near West Chop (Fish Hawk stations 7525* and 7525 bis*), 7 to 10 fathoms, sand; i tube at each dredging. Filograna implexa Berkeley. Crab Ledge at five stations. Survey. OS Sankaty Head. Moore. Taken in 16 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of gravel and stones, forming fine calcareous tubes in compact masses. Fish Hawk stations*: 7603 (clump of tubes), 7605 (several clumps of tubes on shells), 7606 (tubes), 7608 (tubes), 7609. Chatinopoma greenlandica (Morch). Crab Ledge at Fish Hawk stations 7605*, 7609*, 17 to 25 fathoms, stones, gravel, and shells; calcareous tubes attached to the last (only tubes found). Living specimens taken at same point, August 12, 1909. Hydroides dianthus (Verrill). [Chart 81.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 620, 322 (Scrpula dianthus, sp. nov.); Hargitt, 1906, p. 2g5etseq. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, abundant and universally distributed; in western half curi ously restricted to inshore stations; in Buz zards Bay abundant at inshore stations, less frequent in the deeper waters; dredged in from 2 to 15 fathoms (only one record for a greater depth); perhaps in equal abundance on every kind of bottom, adhering to stones and shells. Survey. Collected from piles and shores throughout the region. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few), 7521 bis (many), 7522 (many), 7522 bis (many), 7523 bis (many), 7524 (many), 7524 bis (many), 7525 bis (few), 7526 (very abundant), 7527 (several clusters of tubes), 7528 (few tubes), 7530 bis (few tubes), 7531 (several tubes), 7531 bis (few tubes), 7532 (few tubes), 7532 bis (several), 7533 bis (several), 7534 (abundant), 7534 bis (abun dant), 7535 (several tubes), 7535 bis (few tubes), 7536 (several tubes), 7537 (many), 7537 bis (many), 7538 (numerous), 7538 bis (few), 7539 (numerous), 7539 bis (few tubes), 7541 (many), 7541 bis (few), 7543 (numerous), 7544 (numerous), 7545 (many), 7545 bis (several), 7547 bis (several tubes), 7548 (few), 7549 (many) 7549 bis (many), 7550 (few), 755! (i), 7551 bis (few), 7552 (many), 7553 bis (few), 7554 bis (few), 7557 (few), 7558, 7561 (many), 7562 (many, some on algae), 7563 (many), 7565 (few), 7573 (i tube), 7595 (few tubes), 7596 (i tube), 7613 (large cluster of tubes), 7614 (i), 632 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Hydroides dianthus Continued. 7616 (many clusters of tubes), 7620 (large clus ter of tubes), 7621 (plentiful), 7623 (fewtubes), 7625 (several), 7626 (several), 7627 (many), 7629 (many tubes), 7630(1 tube), 7631 (i), 7632 (few tubes), 7633 (many tubes), 7634 (many tubes), 7635 (many tubes), 7639 (few tubes), 7640 (few tubes), 7641 (fewtubes), 7644 (several tubes), 7651 (several tubes), 7653 (few), 7654 (few tubes), 7655 (i cluster), 7659 (few tubes), 7664 (few), 7671 (few tubes), 7672 (few), 7674 (i tube), 7675 (several), 7701 (i tube), 7732, 7733 (i tu be), 7737 (tubes), 7738 (i), 7739 (lit tle), 7743 (several), 7744 (many), 7746, 7747 (many), 7748 (many), 7749 (many), 7750 (little), 7752 (much), 7753 (common), 7754 (i tube), 7755 (few tubes), 7756 (many), 7758 (much), 7759 (much), 7761 (common), 7764 (common), 7765 (little), 7766 (much), 7767 (much), 7768 (tubes and living common), 7769 (much), 7770 (common), 7771 (several tubes), 7772 (abun dant), 7773 (common), 7774 (many tubes), 7775 (common), 7776 (abundant), 7777 (common), 7778 (abundant), 7779 (common), 7780 (com mon), 7781 (common), 7782 (few), 7783 (com mon). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many liv ing), 2 (many), 3 (plentiful), 4 (few living), 5 (living), 6 (many), 7 (abundant), 8 (many), 9 (common), 10 (pieces), n (quantities), 12 (several tubes), 13 (common), 14 (few), 15 com mon), 16 (few), 18 (several tubes), 20 (2 tubes), 21 (2), 22 (several tubes), 23 (few), 24 (i tube), 25 (common), 26, 27 (few), 28 (few dead), 29 (few), 30 (several), 32 (i tube), 34 (i tube), 36 (few tubes), 37 (few tubes), 38 (i tube), 52 (few), 53 (few tubes), 62 (few), 63 (many), 64 (i tube), 65 (few), 66 (fewtubes), 68 (few), 69 (i living), 71 (many tubes), 72 (many tubes), 74 (few tubes), 76 (few tubes), 77 (few tubes), 78 (i fragment), 79 (few), 80 (many tubes), 81, 82 (common), 83 (several), 84, 86, 88 (i frag ment), 90 ( i fragment of tube), 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, loo(living), 101 (fragments of tubes), 107, 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (few), 116, 117 (few living), 118 (i clump of tubes), 121 (common), 122 (few), 123 (fragments of tubes), 124 (many tubes on Venus ), 125 (several tubes), 126, 128 (common), 129, 130 (i cluster of tubes), 131 (i fragment), 132 (common), 133 (shells), 134 (sev eral), 136(1), 137 (fragmentsof tubes), 138 (abun dant), 139, 140, 142 (i tube), 144 (living com mon), 145 (few), 147 (common), 148 (several), 149 (common), 150 (tubes), 151 (few tubes), 152, 153 (few), 154 (few), 155 (few), 156 (few), Hydroides dianthus Continued. 157 (few), 158 (few), 162 (2 tubes), 163 (several large clusters), 164 (abundant), 165 (many tubes), 166 (few). Eggs ripen through July and August; if fully ripe, they may be removed from the body and fertilized. Treadwell. Yen-ill records the oc currence of a color variety, which he terms "citrina," having branchiae of a bright lemon yellow color. These specimens are said to be found with the preceding, often in the same cluster of tubes. Spirorbis spirorbis (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 621, 323 (Spirorbis borealis?; also referred to in lists as S. spi rillum). As an intertidal species this is one of great abun dance and general distribution, its small white tubes of ten occurring in conspicuous profusion on Fucus, less frequently on other algae or va rious solid objects. We have shore records for Woods Hole Harbor, Eel Pond, Nobska Point, Tarpaulin Cove, Cedar Tree Neck, and Robin sons Hole. It could probably be found locally at almost any place where Fucus grows, but it is believed to be rare or wanting at the regular dredging stations of the Survey. Its reported occurrence at these points during the earlier seasons of the survey dredging, was doubtless due in most cases, at least, to confusion with S. iubtzformis. Breeds during May. Bumpus. Eggs can be found during entire summer, being laid in a thin membranous tube, inside the calcareous tube, in which place they develop. Tread- well. Spirorbis tubazformis Bush. Vineyard Sound, throughout its length; Buz zards Bay , near i ts mouth and at inshore stations almost to its upper end; dredged in from 2 to 17 fathoms, chiefly on non-muddy bottoms, the tubes being affixed to Phyllophora, Chond- rus crispus and occasionally to other plants or shells, etc. Abundant on Chondrus, growing on stone wall in front of Bureau of Fisheries residence. Distribution doubtless more gen eral than the following station list would indicate. (See remarks under Spirorbis sp.). Fish Hawk stations*: 7525 bis (i tube), 7536 (many on seaweed), 7606 (on bryozoa), 7640 (several tubes), 7666 (several tubes), 7671 (several tubes), 7673 (several tubes), 7674 (several on shell), 7690 (many tubes), 7692 (several tubes), 7693 (several), 7718 (several tubes), 7739 (few tubes). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 633 Spirorbis lubteformis Continued . Phalarope stations*: 8 (several tubes), 17 (tubes), 18 (many), 56 ? (abundant), 57 ? (abundant), 58 ?, 63 (several), 66 (several tubes), 79 (common), 87 (on red algae), 100 ?, 112 (common). Supplementary records" during the summer and fall of 1908, in the vicinity of the following former stations: 7525 (abundant on Phyllo phora), 7545 (i on Phyllophora) , 7593 (i on Polysiphonia elongata), 7632 (few on Phyllo phora), 7670 (on Phyllophora), 7692 (abundant on stones), 7722 (few on Phyllophora), 7726 (abundant on Phyllophora), 7758 (i), 2 (abun dant on Phyllophora), 16 (abundant on Phyllo phora, a few on Chondrus crispus and on shell of Ensis direclus), 107 (few on Phyllophora), 117 (abundant on Phyllophora, a few on Sargassum filipendula), 161 (fairly numerous on Phyllophora). To this species probably also belong the majority of specimens referred to under the head " Spirorbis sp. sp." Spirorbis, sp. sp. (probably for the most part S. tub&formis , though perhaps comprising a certain proportion of S. spirillum and possibly also of 5. Spirorbis). During the first summer s dredging, and probably to some extent later, the various species of Spirorbis were confused by the collectors in the field. For this reason, all records made during that period, unless known to be based upon Dr. Moore s identifications, have been thrown together under this head. The unequivocal records, which, of course, form very incomplete lists, have been in cluded under their respective species. Owing to the unsatisfactory condition of the data for this genus, numerous supplementary dredgings were made during the summer and fall of 1908, the results of which have been incorporated in the accounts given above. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (many on alga), 7548 (i on Bugula), 7553 (few), 7557 (few), 7560 (many), 7562 (abundant on Chondrus), 7572 (many on algae), 7581 (many), 7582 (many), 7583 (abundant), 7584 (few), 7587 (numerous), 7588 (few), 7591 (many), 7594 (few), 7595 (abundant), 7596 (few on algae), 7598, 7656 (many tubes on Laminaria), 7663, 7693, 773. 77S. 7730 (few), 7744 (few on alga), 7745 (few), 7746 (few), 7749 (many), 7760 (many). Spirorbis Continued. Phalarope stations: i (few), 2 (several tubes), 3 (several tubes), 16 (many), 30 (several), 32 (plentiful), 33 (tubes on algae), 65 (many), 67 (very abundant), 83 (2 tubes on red algas), 86. Spirorbis spirillum (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 622, 498, etc. (Spiror bis lucidus and S. porrectaf). Vineyard Sound, near mouth; off Gay Head, in 10 fathoms; off Buzzards Bay, in 25 fathoms. Verrill. We have several unequivocal records for this species at Survey dredging stations of the regular series in the western part of Vineyard Sound; one in Buzzards Bay, west of Woods Hole. A special search during the summer and fall of 1908 revealed its occurrence at six points in Vineyard Sound beyond Robinsons Hole ; none in more eastern parts of the Sound, and none in Buzzards Bay. The tubes were attached to Phyllophora and Chondrus crispus, once to a bit of eelgrass, and were in some cases associated with Spiror bis tubaformis. A. species which was probably 5. spirillum was likewise found in abundance on some eelgrass (drifting ?) found near the landing of the Bureau of Fisheries residence in Woods Hole Harbor. Sumner. Some specimens in the museum bear the label " Crab Ledge." Fish Hawk station 7611 (many)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 20 (many tubes), 24 (many on algae), 25 (many), 36 (common), 44 (several tubes), 45 (i), 49 (several tubes) . Supplementary records, during the summer of 1908, in the vicinity of the following former stations: 7599, 7695, 7722, 7726, 7729, 58. Spirorbis quadrangularis Stimpson. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7605*; 17 fathoms, gravel; tubes attached to shells. Abundant specimens of a Spirorbis, in part, perhaps, of this species, are recorded for Fish Hawk stations 7604, 7607, 7608, and 7609 (all at Crab Ledge). Samples of these were unfortunately not preserved, since their identity with the others was taken for granted at the time by the collectors. Spirorbis fewkes ii Bush and S. stimpsoni Verrill. Included by Dr. Moore (MS.) as "Woods Hole species," but no more definite data are avail able at present. a These specimens were identified by F. B. Sumner. 634 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Family Sabellaria vulgaris Verrill. [Chart 82.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 611, 321, etc. (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Common and gen erally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound ; in Buzzards Bay less common and chiefly con fined to inshore stations; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on various bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (large cluster of tubes on stones), 7526 (i), 7538 bis (i), 7543 bis (few tubes), 7544 bis (several tubes), 7546 bis (tubes), 7549 bis (i tube), 7551 (i tube), 7553 (i tube), 7558 (i tube on Venus shell), 7561 (few), 7581 (i), 7616 (few tubes), 7625 (i), 7629 (i cluster of tubes), 7633 (i cluster of tubes), 7664 (2), 7668 (i tube), 7682 (T.), 7686 (i tube), 7687 (several tubes), 7688 (several tubes), 7697 (2), 7702 (i), 7706 (i tube), 7707 (i tube), 7724 Sabellaria vulgaris Continued. (i) 7732 (common), 7734 (i tube), 7737 (tubes), 7742 (2), 7744 (several), 7747 (common), 7749 (i), 7752 (several tubes), 7753 (several clusters of tubes), 7754 (i colony of tubes), 7755 (sev eral colonies), 7757 (several), 7760 (several), 7763 0), 777 (few), 7768 (i colony), 7769 (few), 7773, 7774 (few), 7775 (few), 7776 (few), 7777 (little), 7779 (few), 7780 (few), 7781 (few), 7782 (few), 7783 (common). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 4 (few on stones), 6 (i), 7 (several on shells), 8 (i tube), 14, 30 (i), 36 (several tubes), 49 (several tubes), 52 (i tube), 62 (i), 63 (i tube), 85 (fragments of tube), 107 (i), 148 (i tube), 149 (few tubes), 150 (tubes), 159 (tubes on shell), 166 (i tube on shell). This worm constructs familiar hard tubes from agglutinated sand grains, these tubes being adherent to stones, shells, and other objects. Polych&ta undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7523, 7557, 7572, 7503, 7594, 7606, 7607, 7614, 7779. Phalarope station 157. Subclass OLIGOCH.ETA. Family NAIID.E. Paranais littoralis (Oersted). Moore, 19053, p. 376. (Listed by Verrill and Smith , 1873 , asEnckytraus triven tralopectinatus, and recorded for New Haven, on authority of Minor) . Vineyard Sound and vicinity. "More than any other species it withstands a wide range of density in the water, being almost equally at home in the rain-soaked eelgrass above high tide, on the shores of brackish ponds, and under stones near low-water mark on the exposed shores of Vineyard Sound." Moore. Family ENCHYTR^ID^E. EnchytrfFus albidus Henle. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 623, 324 (Halodrillus litloralis, sp. nov.); F. Smith, 1895, Moore, 19053, p. 394. Woods Hole; very common under dead seaweeds and stones, near high- water mark. Verrill. "The best known and most generally dis tributed of our littoral Oligochseta. . . . Found in moist spots on farm lands on Marthas Vineyard, where it could readily be introduced in ... eelgrass spread for fertilizer. About Woods Hole it also lives in damp, sandy woods and on the shores of fresh-water ponds, espe cially of one that formerly was connected with the Sound." Moore. Lumbricillus agilis Moore. Moore, 19053, p. 395 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, etc., abundant among eelgrass thrown on shore near high-water mark, in sheltered coves. Family TUBIFICIM. ( litcllio arenarius (Miiller). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 623, 324, etc. (Clitellio irrorata, in part); Moore, 19053, P- 377- "Common at many suitable points on the shores of Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay," etc., but "apparently less plentiful south of Cape Cod . Moore. Tubifcx irroraius (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 622 (Clitellio irrorata, in part); Moore, 19053, p. 384. Vicinity of Woods Hole, not uncommon among roots of beach grass in brackish water. Moore. Tubifcx hamatus Moore. Moore, 19053, p. 389 (sp. nov.). So far found only on shores of the Acushnet River, under stones in brackish water. Ttibifcx benedeni Udekem. Moore, 19053, p. 388. Found on muddy shores between tides, "only sparingly in the neighborhood of Woods Hole, and in water both fully salt and brackish." BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 6;, 5 Monopylephorus glaber Moore. Moore, 19053, p. 378 (sp. nov.). " In suitable localities . . . very abundant about the shores of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay." Commonly found among decaying vegetation, especially in brackish waters. Monopylephorus parvus Ditlevsen. Moore, 19053, p. 383. " In a few cases large numbers were found living gregariously beneath stones at half tide on the south shore of Naushon." Limnodrilus subsalsus Moore. Moore, 19053, p. 392 (sp. nov.). "This species occurs in considerable numbers along with Tubifex hamatus under stones at half tide on the Acushnet River, above New Bedford, Massachusetts." Family LUMBRICULID^E. Lumbriculus limosus Leidy. Several specimens* taken in brackish water at either Tashmoo Pond or Great Pond by E. D. Congdon, July 2, 1907. Class HIRUDINEA. Family ICHTHYOBDELUD.S. Ichlhyobdella funduli Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 624 (not listed from this region). Recorded once during dredging; being tsken in Vineyard Sound, near Lucas Shoal (Fish Hawk station 7562 *). Specimensoccasionally found upon Fundulus heteroclitus. Ichlhyobdella rapax (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 625, 458 (Pontobdella rapax, sp. nov.); Moore, 1898, p. 557 (Piscicola rapax). Vineyard Sound, quite common on the upper side of Paralichthys dentatus. Verrill. Men- emshs Bight, on Paralichthys dentatus. Moore. Trachelobdella vividus (Verrill). Moore, 1898, p. 551. Woods Hole, i specimen, collected by V. N. Edwards. This species occurs both in fresh and salt water. Branchellion ra-venelii (Diesing). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 624, 458, etc. (Branchiobdella ra-venelii). Vineyard Sound, on a sting ray, Myliobatis fremimiillei; August and September; several usually occurred together. Verrill. SIPUNCULIDA.o Family SIPCNCUUD^E. Pkascolion strombi Montagu. [Chart 83.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 627, etc. (Phasco- losoma c&mentarium.) Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Dredged by the Survey at a considerable number of (chiefly inshore) stations in Buzzards Bay; a few times in deeper waters of Vineyard Sound; tsken in 3 to 13 fathoms, for the most part on bottoms of sand or sandy mud. This species is most commonly found in the shells of gas tropods, which the worm plugs up with a sort of cement. Fish Hawk stations: 7688 (i)*, 7699 (i)*, 7702 (several in Tritia)*. One specimen each recorded from 1907 stations which coincided approximately with the original stations 7652*, 7671*, and 7739*- Phalarope stations: 78 (several)f, 856, 86 (i)&, 93 (3)t. 94 6 > 98^. i9 6 , H9 6 , 1206, 1236, 1256, 1266, 134*, I44 6 , 147 (i) 6 , 166 (i)*. Phascolosoma gouldii Diesing. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 627, 353, etc.; Gerould, 1904, p. i-xn; Gerould, 1906, p. 77. Woods Hole, Newport. Gerould. Reported from Uncatena Gutter (McMurrich); and Vineyard Haven, near the bridge (Osburn). Littorally, this is a common species and its distribution is quite general along muddy shores and on mud flats, but it seems to be rare in deeper waters. Two specimens taken by the survey near mouth of Buzzsrds Bay, at Fish Hawk station 76741, in 7 fathoms, mud and sand. "The breeding season of Ph. gouldii 3t Newport, R. I., extends from the middle of June to the middle of August and probably later." Indi viduals laid eggs at Woods Hole, August 22, 29, and September 3. Gerould. Reported by Verrill from the stomach of a skate (Raja Icevis?). a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Prof. J, P. Moore. Specimens from points desig nated by a dagger (t) were identified by Prof. J. H. Gerould. b Referred by the collectors to same species as a lot coming from station 78. This was found to include Phascolosoma vernllii as well, but it is likely that most or all of the specimens here indicated were Pkascolion strambi. 6 3 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Phascolosoma verrillii Gerould. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 627, 353 (Phasco losoma, sp. undet.); Gerould, 1908, p. 488 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Concerning this (?) species, Verrill writes that it "occurs in sand at low water, and has similar habits [to P. gouldii], but it appears to be rather uncommon and has not been satisfactorily identified." Dr. Gerould states that Prof. Verrill makes undoubted reference to the present species (p. 627), but questions whether he had in mind the latter in writing the foregoing sentence. Dr. Gerould regards it as doubtful whether P. verrillii has been obtained by digging. Dredged by the survey in Buzzards Bay, at Phascolosoma verrilli Continued. several points near the eastern shore; at one of these (off West Falmouth) it was found in two different summers; also near Sound shore of Naushon ; taken in 4 to 7 fathoms, on various bottoms. Dr. Gerould likewise furnishes the following earlier records: Off Nobska, 1883, at Fish Hawk station 1188; Vineyard Sound, 1871, exact locality unknown (this and the preceding specimen from collection in National Museum); off Nobska in 5 fathoms, July, 1902 (collected by W. R. Coe). Phalarope stationsf: 15 (i), 78, 93, 135 (2). (One likewise taken by the Fish Hawk in 1907, in neighborhood of last station.) Phylum ARTHROPODA. Class CRUSTACEA. Order PHYLLOPODA. Family BRANCHIPODIDJE. Artemia gracilis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 573; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 117. Falmouth, "in salt vats" (perhaps not properly to be included in the marine fauna). Family POLYPHEMID^E. Podon leuckarti (Sars). Sharpe, 1910, p. 409, 434. "Surface tows off Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass., July to November." E-vadnc nordmanni Loven. Sharpe, 1910, p. 409, 435. "Surface tows off Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass., August to November." Order OSTRACODA. Family CYPRIDINID.E. Sarsiella americana Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 363 (sp. nov.). A single female found at Fish Hawk Station 77 2 3- Sarsiella zostericola Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 364 (sp.nov.). Both male and female specimens found in "Gut of Canso," Woods Hole Harbor, August 3, 1905, among eelgrass and hydroids. Cylindroleberis marice (Baird). Cushman, 1906, p. 367. "Gut of Canso," Woods Hole Harbor, Avgust 3, 1905. None found dredging either in the Sound or Bay. Family CYPRID^E. Pontocypris edwardsi Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 368 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond, August 22, 1905, from material taken with seine. Famile CyTHERlD^J. Cytherois zostericola Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 369 (sp. nov.). Eel Pond, July 15, 1905; not met with in any other locality. Xestolebris dcpressa Sars. Cushman, 1906, p. 370. Vineyard Sound (Fish Hawk station 7723), a few dead shells. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 637 Loxoconcha guttaia (Norman). Cushman, 1906, p. 370. Vineyard Sound (Fish Hawk station 7723) and Buzzards Bay (Phalarope station 82), living specimens. Loxoconcha impressa (Baird). Cushman, 1906, p. 371. Eel Pond; piles of Bureau of Fisheries wharf, among hydroids, etc.; "Gut of Canso," among eelgrass and hydroids, in great numbers; Cedar Tree Neck, among algae (collected by R. C. Osburn); also living specimens occa sionally dredged in Vineyard Sound (Fish Hawk stations 7716 and 7723). Cythere dau soni Brady. Cushman, 1906, p. 372. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7723, "several shells were found, which seem to belong to this species;" Buzzards Bay, at 1907 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7656, one shell. Cytheridea rubra Miiller. Cushman, 1906, p. 373. Western end of Vineyard Sound, living; Buz zards Bay, near Cuttyhunk, shells only. Fish Hawk stations: 7685, 7686, 7723, 7725. Phalarope station 102. Cytheridea papillosa Bosquet. Cushman, 1906, p. 373. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, empty shells. Cytheridea punctillata Brady. Cushman, 1906, p. 374. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, shells only. Cytheridea seminuda Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 374 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk stations 7723 and 7725- Cytheridea americana Cushman. Cuthman, 1906, p. 375 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, living. Cythereis emarginata Sars. Cushman, 1906, p. 376. Western end of Vineyard Sound and Buz zards Bay, near Robinsons Hole, living specimens. Fish Hawk stations: 7710, 7723, 7727, 7729. Phalarope station 87. Cythereis tuberculata Sars. Cushman, 1906, p. 376. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk stations 7686 (i living), 7723 (shells). Cytkereis canadensis (Brady). Cushman, 1906, p. 377. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, shells only. Cytkereis dunelmensis Norman. Cushman, 1906, p. 377. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk stations 7725 and 7727, shells only. Cythereis concinna (Jones). Cushman, 1906, p. 377. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723, "a single shell, apparently belonging to this species." Cythereis albomaculata (Baird). Cushman, 1906, p. 378. Living specimens taken once from hydroids. etc., growing on piles of Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole. Cythereis Tiillosa Sars. Cushman, 1906, p. 378. Shells fairly common in deeper parts of Vine yard Sound, especially at Fish Hawk stations 7723 and 7727. Cythereis phalaropi Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 378 (sp. nov.). Buzzards Bay at Phalarope station 129, many living specimens. Not recorded elsewhere. Cythereis arenicola Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 379 (sp. nov.) " Fairly common on sandy bottoms in Vineyard Sound." Fish Hawk stations: 7710, 7723, 7761 (1907 repetition). Cythereis mneyardensis Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 380 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723. Cytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson). Cushman, 1906, p. 381. Vineyard Sound at Fish Hawk station 7723. Pseudocytheretta edwardsi Cushman. Cushman, 1906, p. 382 (sp. nov.). First taken in Vineyard Sound, near Menemsha Bight, in 17 fathoms; later "found to be the most common ostracod in the region." This species "seems to be confined to fairly deep water and as a rule to sandy bottoms." The following stations lie at the western end of Vineyard Sound and in Buzzards Bay, near Cuttyhunk. Fish Hawk stations: 7686, 7710, 7724, 7727, 7729. Phalarope station 102. 6 3 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Order COPEPODA (free-living). Family Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus). Wheeler, 1900, p. 164; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 103; Sharpe, 1910, p. 406, 409. Numerous female specimens taken in tow by Fish Hawk in Vineyard Sound near Gay Head July 10. Wheeler. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf. Sharpe. Said to be of great abundance, widespread, and economi cally important as a food of fishes. Family CENTROPAGID^E. Centropages typicus Kroyer. Wheeler, 1900, p. 173; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 104; Sharpe, 1910; p. 406. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, and in adjacent parts of Vineyard Sound, "nearly always present in small numbers in the tow. - Wheeler. Centropages hamatus (Lilljeborg). Wheeler, 1900, p. 174; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 104; Sharpe, 1910, p. 406. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, and in adjacent parts of Vineyard Sound, "nearly always present in considerable numbers in tow. Wheeler. Temora longicornis (Muller). Wheeler, 1900, p. 175; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 104; Sharpe, 1910, p. 406. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, very common. Much more abundant in winter than summer; rarely seen in July and August. Eurytemora herdmani Thompson & Scott. Sharpe, 1910, p. 406, 410. " Found very sparingly ... in a surface tow made from the Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass., in August." Eurytemora hirundoides (Nordquist). Sharpe, 1910, p. 406, 411. "Rather sparsely found in brackish pools, Woods Hole, July; also in washings from sea urchins, Cuttyhunk, July." Metridia lucens Boeck. Wheeler, 1900, p. 176 (M. hibernica); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 105; Sharpe, 1910, pp. 407, 412. Woods Hole, December 15, 1898, a single female specimen taken in tow. Wheeler. Pseudodiaptomus coronatus Williams. Sharpe, 1910, p. 407, 412. " Very common in Birge and surface net tows among algae, at Hadley Harbor, Great Harbor near Ram Island, and Eel Pond, Woods Hole, Mass." Family PoNTELUD^J. Labidocera (estiva Wheeler. Wheeler, 1900, p. 178 (sp. nov.); Parker, 1902, p. 105; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 105; Sharpe, 1910, p. 407. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, very common in tow during July and early August, 1899. Wheeler. Pontella meadii Wheeler. Wheeler, 1900, p. 180 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 105; Sharpe, 1910, p. 407. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, a few of both sexes taken on two occasions in July, 1899, after heavy SE. wind. Wheeler. A nomalocera patlersonii Templeton. Wheeler, 1900, p. 181; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 105; Sharpe, 1910, p. 407. Woods Hole, but only after stormy weather with SW. winds. Wheeler. Acartia tonsa Dana. Wheeler, 1900, p. 183; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 106; Sharpe, 1910, p. 407, 414. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, "one of the commonest copepods taken " (July and August, 1899). Wheeler. " Occurring abund antly in nearly all the tows examined . . . from the Woods Hole region, even in ... the brackish water ponds of the vicinity." Sharpe . Tortanus discaudata (Thompson & Scott). Wheeler, 1900, p. 184 (Corynura bumpusii); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 106 (Tortanus bumpusii); Sharpe, 1910, p. 407, 414. Wheeler records the occurrence of males in con siderable numbers, July 10 and n, 1899; also a single female, taken in tow by Mr. Edwards, December 15, 1898. Mr. Sharpe has found this copepod at various local points in July, 1908, and has identified it in towing material collected by Mr. Edwards in May. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 639 Family CYCLOPID^. Oithona similis Claus. Wheeler, 1900, p. 186; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 106; Sharpe, 1910,. p. 407. Woods Hole, at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, July, 1899, "occasionally in small numbers." Tow off Bureau of Fisheries wharf, July 13, 1908; common. Sharpe. Family HARPACTICID^. Harpacticus chelifer (Muller). Sharpe, 1910, p. 407, 415. Little Harbor, July 9, 1908. Family ECTINOSOMID^E. Ectinosoma curticorne Boeck. Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 415. "Collected by a Birge net among algas, muddy bottom, in the brackish ponds about Woods Hole, Mass., July." Family PELTIDIID^E. Alteutha depressa Baird. Sharpe, 1910, pp. 408, 416. "Surface net just off Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass." Family IDYIMJ. I dya furcata (Baird). Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 417. "Collected with a Birge net amongst floating algae and eelgrass at Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July. . . . Also from Ee 1 Pond, Woods Hole, August." Family THALESTRID.E. Thalestris gibba (Kroyer). Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 417. Woods Hole, in surface tow, December i, 1905 (collected by V. N. Edwards, identified by R. W. Sharpe). Dactylopusia ihisboides (Claus). Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 419. "Collected among algae with a Birge net, at Little Harbor, Woods Hole, July, sandy bot tom, at about 12 feet depth." 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 7 Dactylopusia vulgaris Sars. Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 419. "Collected with a Birge net at Little Harbor, Woods Hole, Mass., among surface algaj, July. Also brackish ponds near Woods Hole, July, and among Fucus along the United States Fisheries wharf, July. Common." Family DIOSACCIDVE. Diosaccus tenuicornis (Claus). Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 420. " Collected with Birge net among algas, Eel Pond, Woods Hole, August." Family LAOPHONTIM;. Laophonte longicaudata Boeck. Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 421. " Off the Bureau of Fisheries wharf, Woods Hole, Mass., July." Family LICHOMOLGID/B. Lichomolgus fucicolus Brady. Sharpe, 1910, p. 408, 421. Collected in surface net at Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, July. Family CoRYC^EiDxB. Sapphirina gemma Dana. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 573, 439; Wheeler, 1900, p. 190; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 108; Sharpe, 1910, p. 409. This species is listed by Wheeler only from the Gulf Stream at a point 70 miles south of Mar thas Vineyard, and therefore far beyond the limits of our region. Smith, however, lists a species of Sapphirina, taken in " great numbers among Salpae [as also were Wheeler s], off Gay Head, on several occasions, early in Septem ber." Family ILYOPS YLLID^B . Ilyopsyllus sarsi Sharpe . Sharpe, 1910, p. 423 (sp. nov.). "Collected plentifully with a Birge net among floating algae in Eel Pond and Little Harbor, Woods Hole, Mass., July, August; also brack ish ponds, Woods Hole." 640 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Order COPEPODA (parasitic). Family Argulus alosce Gould. R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 485 (no local records); C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 707; 1905, p. 121; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 87. Taken locally from outer surface of Pomolobus pseudoharengus and Osmerus mordax, very rare. A rgulus funduli Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 710; 1905, p. 125; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 87. Hosts: Fundulus heteroclitus and F. majalis, out side of body, rare. Often taken in the tow net, when swimming freely. Argulus laticauda Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 574, 452 (sp. nov.); R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 484; C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 705; 1905, p. 127; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 86. Vineyard Sound, among algae. Smith. Buz zards Bay, Woods Hole, Eel Pond, Waquoit, Katama Bay, the most abundant of the salt water species of this genus. Wilson. Hosts: Anguilla chrisypa, "blenny," Microga- dus tomcod, Paralichthys dentatus, Pseudopleu- ronectes americanus, Myoxocephalus sp., Raja sp. ; found on outer surface of the body, often becoming numerous enough to injure the host. Wilson (MS.). Argulus latus Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 574, 452 (sp. nov.); R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 484; C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 704; 1905, p. 128; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 86. Only two specimens recorded from local waters, both taken at surface in Vineyard Sound; host unknown. Argulus megalops Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 575, 452 (sp. nov.); R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 485; C. B. Wilson, 1902, p. 706; 1905, p. 129; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 86. Hosts: Fundulus sp., Lophius piscalorius, Lo- phopsetta maculata, Microgardus tomcod, Myox ocephalus octodecimspinosus, Paralichthys den tatus, Prionotus carolinus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Raja erinacea; " is of ten numerous enough on flounders to hasten their death. "- Wilson (MS.). Also reported from surface tow, in Vineyard Sound. Smith. Known to breed from August to November; eggs require 60 days incubation at summer temper ature. Wilson (MS.). Family ERGASIUD^E. Ergasilus labracis Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 329. Woods Hole, on gills of the striped bass (Roccus lineatus). Two specimens of gills from this region which were examined by Dr. Wilson were found to be badly infested Ergasilus manicalus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 337 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole and vicinity. "This tiny parasite is very common on the gills of the silversides minnow, Menidia notata, along the Atlantic coast." Tucca impressus Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 354. Woods Hole from the fins of a burrfish (Chilom yc- terus scheopfi.) Tucca corpulentus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 358 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, " a single lot of this species, which was taken from the northern swell toad, Spke- roides maculatus." Artacolax saztiger Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 361 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, "a single lot, . . . consisting of three females taken from the flying fish, Exocoetus Tiolitans." Bomolochus teres Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 1911, p. 379 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole, from gills of menhaden, quite rare, the examination of many fish yielding but a few specimens. " Family CHONDRACANTHID^. Chondracanthus cornutus Miiller. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 100 (no local records). Common in mouth and gill cavities of fishes of the family Pleuronectidaa. (Here included on authority of C. B. Wilson, MS.). Chondracanthus galeritus Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1886, p. 317 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 101. Woods Hole and vicinity, Menemsha Bight. From interior of mouth of Paralichthys dentatus; common. Breeds in July, August, September; male para sitic on female. Chondracanthus merluccii Holten. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 101. "Woods Hole region." (Wilson, MS.). Para sitic on Merluccius bilinearis. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 641 Chondracanthus phycidis Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1886, p. 320 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 101. From gills of Urophycis tennis, taken "off Marthas Vineyard," 15 specimens, taken on one occasion only (perhaps far beyond the limits of the region). Family CALIGID^B. Caligus belones Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 586; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 91. From external surface of a fish in the Woods Hole collection, labeled " Coryphcenaequisetis" [probably C. hippurus] , place of capture un certain . Wilson . Caligus bonito Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 589 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 89. First obtained at Woods Hole, in summer of 1883, by R. Rathbun, who never published a description. Found in the mouth and gill cavity of Sarda sarda, as many as 100 having been taken from a single fish. Larvae may be raised in August through three or four successive molts; a typical metanauplius and chalimus. Wilson (MS.). Caligus chelifer Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 582 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 91. Hosts: Brevoortia tyrannus, Trichiurus lepturus, Xiphias gladius; external surface, rare. Female specimens only known; breeds in July and August. Caligus curtus Muller. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 575, 459 (no local records); R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 486 (no local records); C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 578; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 90. Hosts: Gadus callarias, Hippoglossus hippoglos- sus, Melanogrammus aghfinus, Pollachius sirens, Raja Iczvif, Urophycis tenuis; very common on external surface and probably a serious menace to the life of the fish; rarely found in gill cavity. Wilso i (MS.). Breeds from May to September; a typical nau- plius occurs, colored with dsrk brown pig ment; chalimus may be found on cod in late July or early August. Wilson (MS.). Caligus mutabilis Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 19053, 573 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 90. Hosts: Centropristes striatus; also one specimen each from Pollachius mrens and Sarda sarda; found inside the mouth, fairly common. Breeds in July. Wilson (MS.). Caligus f>elamydis Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 594. Host: Sarda sarda; found in the gill cavity in compsny with Caligus bonito; rsre and only the females known. Wilson. Caligus rapax Milne Edwards. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 575, 457; R. Rath- bun, 18843, p. 487; C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 568; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 89. Hosts: Acipenser sturio, Alosa sapidissima, Am- modytes americanus, Carangus crysos, Carcharias littoralis, Cycloptenu lumpus ; Dasyatis centrura, Gadus callarias, Kyphosus sectatrix, Melanogram mus azglefinus, Menticirrhus saxatilis, Mona- cantkus hispidus, Paralichthys oblongus, Polla- chius sirens , Potnolobus pseudoharengus, Pseudo- pleuronectes americanus, Raja erinacea, Raja Icevis, Raja ocellata, Remora remora, Roccus lineatus, Scomber scombrus, Squalus acanthias, Stenotomus clirysops, Trichiurus lepturus, Urophycis clmss, Urophycis tenuis, Xiphias gladius. Always an external parasite, often being sufficiently numerous to seriously injure the host. Frequently tsken in tow. Breeds from April to October. Wilson (MS.). Caligus rufimaculatus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 561 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 89. Hosts: Fundulus heteroclitus , F. majalis, Mugil cepkalus, on external surface; also taken in tow net. . Breeds from June to September; chalimus stage found upon the host late in June or early in July. Caligus schistonyx Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 564 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 89. Hosts: Brevoortia tyrannus (common), Poma- tomus saltatrix (rsre); external, also often taken in tow. Breeds in late August or early September. Wilson (MS.). 642 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Caligodes megacephalus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 609 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 91. But a. single specimen known, "which was taken from the underside of the mouth of the silver gar [probably Tylosurus marinus] at Woods Hole." Lepeophthcints edwardsi Wilson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 575, 459 (Lepeoph- theirus sp.); C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 627 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 92. Hosts: Carangus hippos, Paralichthys dentatus, Paralichthys oblongus, Pomolobus pseudoha- rengus, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Raja erinacea, Tylosurus marinus. Found upon the external surface; abundant, sometimes numer ous enough to cause death of host. Breeds from May to September; nauplii may be reared through several moults in the labora tory; chalimus stage may be found upon floun ders in June and early July. Wilson (MS.). Lepeophtheirus nordmannii Milne Edwards. R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 487; C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 623; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 91. Parasitic on outer surface of Mola inola. Lepeophtheirus thompsoni Baird. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 575, 459 (Lepeoph- thiirus sp.); C. B. Wilson, 19053, p. 619; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 92. Hosts: Dasyatis centrum, Lophius piscatorius; external. Trebitis tenuifurcatus Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1887, p. 559 (sp! nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 93; C. B. Wilson, 1907, p. 679. Two female specimens from a "sting ray" in Vineyard Sound, 1871. R. Rathbun. Gloiopotes ornatus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, igosb, p. 127 (sp. nov.); 1907, p. 699; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 93. Two female specimens taken from a swordfish captured off Gay Head; an external parasite. Wilson. Alebion glaber Wilson. C. B. Wilson, igosb, p. 129 (Alebion glabrum, sp. nov.); 1907, p. 708; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 93. Hosts: Muslelus canis ("almost every fish yield ing one or more specimens"); also Carcharias \ littoralis and Squalus acanthias; attached to outer surface of body, common. Immature stages may be found attached to the j skin of the shark, just in front of the posterior dorsal fin, and elsewhere, early in July. Wil son (MS.). "Very transparent and beautifully colored; an excellent species for morphological work." Alebion gracilis Wilson. C. B. Wilson, igosb, p. 128 (Alebion gracile, sp. nov.); 1907, p. 704; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 93. Hosts: Mustelus canis, Carcharias littoralis, Car- charhinus obscurus, "Trygon sp." (=Dasyatis centrura?), Pollachius virens; outer surface, common. Perissopus communis Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1887, p. 560 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 94; C. B. Wilson, igo7b, p. 354. Hosts: Carcharhinus milberli, Carcharhinus obscu rus, Mustelus canis; external; common and widely distributed. Breeds in July. Wilson (MS.). Echlhrogaleus coleoptratus (Guerin). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 576, 459; R. Rath- bun, 18843, p. 488; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 94; C. B. Wilson, I9o7b, p. 367. From dorsal fin of "mackerel shark" (probably Isurus dekayi). Echthroga/eus denticulatus Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 576, 459 (sp. nov.); R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 488; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 94; C. B. Wilson, i907b, p. 369. Vineyard Sound, a single female specimen known, taken from Carcharodon carcharias. Echthrogaleus torpedinis Wilson. C. B. Wilson, igo7b, p. 371 (sp. nov.). Two females from pectoral fins of a torpedo (Tetronarce occidentalis) , taken in vicinity of Woods Hole in 1875. Dinematura latifolia Steenstrup & Liitken. C. B. Wilson, 1907, p. 383. "External parasite of Lamna cornubica; has been taken from this shark 120 miles offshore, and is probably present on those specimens that oc casionally come into the Sound." Wilson (MS.). Pandarus cranchii Leacn. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 576 (Pandarus Cranchii and Nogagus Latreillii); R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 488; 1886, p. 317; C. B. Wilson, I907b, p. 403. (No definite local records given.) Hosts: Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharodon car charias. " The names Nogaus latreillii and Nogagus latre- illii hsve been used for the male of this spe cies; these msles are occssionslly found on the smsller sharks, Mustelus canis and Carcha rias liiloralis." Wilson (MS.). Pandarus sinuatus Say. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 577, 459; R. Rath- bun, 1886, p. 310; M. J. Rsthbun, 1905, p. 95; C. B. Wilson, i907b, p. 417. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 643 Pandarus sinuatus Continued. Hosts: Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharias litto ralis {very common), Carcharodon carcharias, Mustelus canis. Breeds in July, August, September; eggs very numerous; nauplius larva very small and dark colored. Pandarus smithii Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1886, p. 315 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 95; C. B. Wilson, i9O7b, p. 410. Hosts: Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharias littoralis, Carcharodon carcharias. Nesippus alatus Wilson. C. B. Wilson, igosb, p. 130 (sp. nov.); 1907^ p. 426; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 94. Hosts: Carcharhinus obscurus, Carcharias litto ralis (females on gill arches, males on outside of body), Fundulus majalis (caudal peduncle), Mustehts canis. Breeds in July; nauplius of typical form. Wil son (MS.). Cecrops latreillii Leach. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 577 (citing Gould); R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 489; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 96; C. B. Wilson, igo7b, p. 468. Parasitic on gills or outer body surface of Mole mola, very numerous. Breeds from May to October. Wilson (MS.). Orthagoriscicola muricata (Kroyer). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 96 (Lamargus muri- caius), C. B. Wilson, i9O7b, p. 473. Hosts: Mola mola, Selene vomer. Philorthragoriscus serratus Kroyer. C. B. Wilson, 1907^ p. 479. Vineyard Sound, on Klola mola. Family DICHELESTIID^E. Anthosoma crassum (Abildgaard). Verriil and Smith, 1873, p. 577, 460 (no local rec ords); R. Rathbun, i884a, p. 490; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 97. Hosts: Carcharias littoralis, Squalus acantkias, "mackerel shark," Mola mola; attached to the inside of the opercula, roof of mouth, or a fin, rather rare. Wilson (MS.). Lernanthropus brevoortix Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1887, p. 563 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 97. On gills of the menhaden (Brevoortia lyrannus), very abundant at times. The male is not yet known. Lernanthropus pomatomi Rathbun. R. Rathbun, 1887, p. 567 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 98. On gills of Pomatomus saltatrix, mostly female specimens recorded. Dichelesthium sturionis Hermann. R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 490; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 97. From gill cavities and nasal cavities of "Acipen- ser oxyrhynchus" (=siurio). Breeds in July. Wilson (MS.). Eudactylina nigra Wilson. C. B. Wilson, igosb, p. 131 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 97. Type specimen from Buzzards Bay. Parasitic on gills of Carcharias littoralis, "many hundreds may often be secured from a single shark." Family ANTHEACHERIMJ. Philichthys xiphia Steenstrup. Linton, 1901, p. 448; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 98. "Woods Hole region," on Xiphias gladhis. C. B. Wilson (MS.). Six specimens found "in the frontal sinuses of a swordfish head."- Linton. Sphtmrifer lintoni Wilson. Linton, 1900, p. 285; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 98. Woods Hole; found by E. E. Tyzzer " under the skin on the preopercular bone of a squeteague (Cynoscion regalis)." Linton. Family LERN^EID^B. Pennella costai Richiardi. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 99. On Xiphias gladius, the head buried in a cyst formed within internal organs of host; often 30 or 40 upon a single fish, appearing to impair its vitality. Wilson (MS.). Breeds in July. Pennella filosa (Linnaeus). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 99 (no local records). Hosts: Mola mola, Xiphias gladius; the body of the parasite being external, the head buried within the tissues of the host ; not so common as P. costai. (Not definitely recorded for local waters.) LerncEenicus radiatus (Lesueur). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 578, ^&(Lerneonema radiate.}; R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 491 (Lernaso- nema radiata); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 99. 644 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU Of FISHERIES. Lernaenicus rad.ia.lus Continued. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Smith and later writers. Hosts: Brevoortiatyrannus, Fundulus sp . ; buried in the flesh of the body, or in the eye, some times causing blindness; not at all common. Lern&a branchiahs Linnaeus. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 578, 460; R. Rath- bun, 18843, p. 492; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 100. (No local records given by these writers. ) Listed for Vineyard Sound by C. B. Wilson (MS.). Hosts: Gadus callarias, Melanogrammus esgle- finus, Pollachius -virens, "hake" sp.; often so numerous as to affect the health of the fish. Breeds in July; egg hatches into a typical nau- plius; larva undergoes great degeneration. Lernaolophus sultanus Milne Edwards. R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 492; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 100. Four female specimens taken from Alutcra schoepfii, from Vineyard Sound, in summer of 1874. Family LERN/EOPODID^E. Clavella uncinata (Miiller). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 578, 460 (Anchorella uncinata); R. Rathbun, 18843, p. 491 (Ancho rella uncinata) . Neither author gives any local records. Clavella uncinata Continued. Parasitic in mouth and on gills of the Gadido;, common and of very general distribution. Breeds from June to September; male a dwarf, parasitic upon the female; larva a typical nauplius. Wilson (MS.). Brachiella ramosa Richiardi. Goode, 1883, p. 346 (no local records); M.J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 102. Woods Hole region. Wilson. Parasitic on gills of Xiphias gladius. BrachieUa rostrata Kroyer. R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 491 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 102. Host. Hippoglossus hippoglossus. (Listed for "Woods Hole region" by Miss Rathbun, on authority of C. B. Wilson.) Brachiella thynni Cuvier. Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 34 1 (citing Gould; no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 102 (-; local records). Host: Thunnus thynnus, on gills. (Here in cluded on the authority of C. B. Wilson, MS.) Order CIRRIPEDIA." Family TRYPETESID^E. Trypefesa lampas (Hancock). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 79. Woods Hole. Bores in dead shells of Polynices heros and P. duplicata, which are inhabited by hermit crabs. Genthe, cited by Rathbun. Family CORONULID^. Coronula diadema (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 460; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 80. (No local records given in either work.) Found upon whales. Mr. Edwards has observed barnacles, presumably of this species, locally upon the humpback whale, on which it seems to be commonly present in large numbers. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were nated by a dagger (t) were identified by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry. Family Balanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 80 (not recorded lo cally). Great numbers collected by Mr. John J. Veeder in New Bedford Harbor, July or August, 1908, from bottom of a whaling vessel. (Identified, with fair certainty, by F. B. Sumner.) Balanus amphitrite (Darwin). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 578 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 81. Vineyard Sound, "on whales and bottoms of ships, but probably does not live long after ar riving on New England coast. " Rathbun. identified by Dr. F. B. Sumner. Specimens from points desig- BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 645 Balanus eburneus Gould. [Chart 84.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 381, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 81. Abundant and generally distributed, from low- tide mark to the deepest waters of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, occurring on stones, shells, living mollusks, and Crustacea, the bot toms of boats, piles, and all sorts of submerged woodwork, or solid objects of any description. This species is quite at home in brackish water, and is said to occur at times in perfectly fresh water. It is occasionally met with between tides, but, generally speaking, its bathymetric range commences where that of Balanus bal- anoides ends, i. e., at low-tide mark. Fisk Hawk stations: 7523f (many on Polynices), 7S3if (small cluster), 7535! (a), 7537t (group on shell of Polynices), 7543 bis* (great numbers, living, mainly small, on shell fragments), 7545 bis* (a number dead and detached), 7547t (!)> 7547 bis* (2 dead and detached), 7552! (i), 7S53t (4), 7557f dead), 7 55 8t, 7559-)-, 75 6 3t (many), 7569! (i on Mytilus shell), 757&f (many on fragment of Polynices), 7592! (few) 76071 (fewonshell of Scala), 76n*(many dead, on shells), 7615* (? a number dead, on shells), 7621* (several dead, on shells), 7648* ( ? i dead, detached), 7663* (? many, on Polynices), 7664* (several dead, on shells), 7671* (many dead, on shells), 7678* (dense cluster, living, on Poly nices), 7679* (small cluster, living, on Poly nices), 7682* (i small living, on Mytilus), 7698* (many living, on Polynices), 7699* (few living and dead, on shells), 7700* (many living, on shells), 7702* (dense clusters, living, on shells), 7706* (many living, on Polynices shell), 7709* (many living, on Polynices), 7718* (? i living, on Polynices), 7725* (small cluster, living, on Polynices), 7726* (many living, on shell), 7728* (? i detached), 7731* (? i dead), 7732* (many dead, on mussel shell), 7734* (several living and dead, on shells) 7740* (several dead, on shells), 7749* (i dead, on shell), 7762* (many- small living, on cocoanut shell), 7763* (2 liv ing, on Crepidula fornicata), 7768* (few small dead, on shell) , 7769* ( ? many, badly damaged). Supplementary stations (approximate repeti tions in 1907 of the following stations)*: 7526 (few small dead), 7543 (few small dead, on shell), 7549 (many dead, on stones), 7551 (i dead, detached), 7651 (cluster of dead, on shell fragment), 7656 (on living Crepidula fornicata), 7662 (many dead and few living, on Balanus eburneus Continued. shells), 7663 (many living and dead, on several kinds of mollusks), 7761 (dense clusters, living, on small stones), 7766 (many dead, on small stones), 7783 (several dead, detached). Phalarope stations: 161* (i dead), 163* (2 dead), 167* (i dead). The rate of growth of this species is indicated by the fact that specimens ranging from 20 to 26 mm. in diameter at the base were taken in abundance from the bottom of a whaleboat which had been moored within the inclosure of the local pier from May till November or December, 1908. Balanus sp. (largely, perhaps wholly, B. eburneus). Under this head are included such specimens from the Survey dredgings as were poorly pre served or very young; also such as were listed by the collectors in the field, and not reserved for subsequent examination. Unless species occur in these waters which have not thus far been reported , it is very probable that the great majority of these records refer to .6. eburneus. Balanus balanoides seem to be wholly confined to the intertidal zone, and, so far as we are aware, not a single specimen has been taken by us in the dredge. Moreover it can be distinguished at a glance from the former. The only other species recorded during the survey dredging are B. crenatus and B. porcatus. These are both comparatively rare, and the larger speci mens, at least, are readily distinguished from B. eburneus. (See discussion on p. 129, 130). It has accordingly been thought best to combine the following stations with those of (known) B. eburneus upon a single distribution chart. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 bis (several living), 7530 (2 dead), 7530 bis (few oil shells), 7539 bis (few), 7541. 754 2 . 7543 (numerous on shells and stones), 7544 (few), 7549 bis (many living on Polynices heros), 7550, 7550 bis, 7553 bis (many), 7556 bis (many dead), 7560 (few), 7563 bis (few dead), 7564 (several collections), 7564 bis (many), 7574 (few on Polynices), 7578 (many), 7579 (few), 7591 (i), 7598 (i on Crepidula shell), 7616 (few), 7617 (few), 7620 (several), 7624 (few), 7626 (many), 7627 (several), 7629, 7631 (several), 7632 (few), 7636, 7643 (few), 7644 (few), 7646, 7650 (several), 7651 (many on Crepidula fornicata), 7652 (many dead), 7653 (many), 7655 (several), 7656 (few), 7658 (few), 7659 (few), 7660 (few), 7662 (several), 7665, 7668, 7670 (few), 7672, 7674, 7675, 7680, (2 living on See general discussioruon p. 129, 130. 646 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Balanus Continued. shells), 7681 (many on Polynices), 7701, 7739, 7744. 7756, 7757. 77<5. 7?6i, 7?66, 7767, 7770, 777 2 . 7773. (few small), 7774, 7775, 7776, 7777, 7778, 7779. 77 8 . 7783- Supplementary stations (approximate repeti tions in 1907 of the following stations): 7542 (a number on shells), 7592 (few on Polynices shell, dead and overgrown by H ydractinia) , 7728 (several on shell), 7739 (i small dead, detached). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 (many alive), 7 (few shells), 16 (i dead), 17 (several on shells), 18 (on Polynices), 22 (few living), 28 (few dead), 35 (few dead), 36 (i), 42 (frag ments), 68 (on Polynices), 71 (on V ermicularia) , 72 (several), 73 (few), 76 (many op shells), 80 (few dead), 83 (few), 84 (many masses), 85, 88, 90, 93 (dead), 98, 103, 107, no, 112, 113, 114, (common), 115, 117 (few), 118, 121, 123 (few), 126 (few dead), 129, 135, 139, 144. Balanus porcatus Costa. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 81. Off Nobska. Rathbun. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7608, 2 specimens )-, one or both living, the largest measuring about 55 by 65 mm. Off West Chop, July 17, 1908*, one liv ing specimen , attached to a mussel shell . Spec imens with opercular plates incomplete or lacking, and therefore impossible to identify with certainty, were taken in the eastern part of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk stations 7523 bis (2 on stones), 7524 (station number some what doubtful, a single specimen), 7763 (1907 repetition); also near Phalarope station n (Aug. 18, 1908). Balanus crenatus Bruguiere. Verrill and Smith, 1873, PP- 579> 3 Sl , etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 82. Piles of wharf at Vineyard Havenf*, clusters of large specimens taken by our collectors in 1906 and 1909. The largest of these was 24 mm. in diameter at the base. Three large dead speci mens, doubtfully identified* (opercular plates almost wholly lacking), were found attached to a shell, taken near the mouth of Buzzards Bay, at a 1907 repetition of Fish Hawk station 7662. The largest was 18 mm. across at the base. These may be B. porcatus, however. On the other hand, those specimens which were doubtfully assigned to B. porcatus may in reality belong here. In view of the few du bious records from the Survey dredging, we may well doubt the statement of Verrill and Smith that this species is "dredged abun dantly in Vineyard Sound." Balanus hameri (Ascanius). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 83. "Off Chatham; off Marthas Vineyard;" from 16 fathoms down (perhaps not properly to be in cluded within the region). Balanus balanoides (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 304, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 82. Generally distributed and enormously abundant on rocky shores, between tides; also found in great profusion upon piles and other sub merged timbers. Darwin expressed the doubt whether this species ever lived below the low est tides. In any case, not a single specimen has been found among all the barnacles dredged by the survey. Nauplii liberated in great numbers at Woods Hole in last week of December (1899). Bigelow. Chtkamalus stellatus (Poli). Sumner, 1909, p. 373. Abundant on rocks and piles everywhere along the shores of the region, being confined, appar ently, to the intertidal zone. " It extends con siderably higher upon the boulders than does Balanus balanoides, with which, however, it is associated at a lower level. . . . In local waters, so far as I have seen, Chihamalus never grows in such dense clusters as does Balanus balanoides, and indeed it appears unable to compete very successfully with the latter in its proper zone." Despite its world-wide distri bution, and its abundance locally, this species has not apparently been previously recorded for New England. (See discussion, on p. 190.) Eggs were taken by Dr. M. A. Bigelow during two different summers throughout the month of July. Family Lepas fascicularis Ellis & Solander. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 382, etc.; Bige low, 1902, p. 65; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 85; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 81 (" Lepas fasciculate" : ap parently a misprint). Vineyard Sound, and probably all local waters connecting with the open sea, growing in clus- tersupon driftingFucuj, Ascopkyllum, andSar- gassum or upon floating wood , sometimes in great abundance. Takenin June, July, andAugust. As regards reproduction, M. A. Bigelow states that when first taken locally during the summer season the eggs are mostly in advanced stages, though early stages have been found in June. Lepas pectinata Spengler. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 579, 382, etc.; Bige low, 1902, p. 65; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 84; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 81. (No local records, ex cept by Bigelow.) BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY 647 Lepas pcctinata Continued. Bigelow records this species locally (Vineyard Sound or Buzzards Bay). Vineyard Sound, on floating Ascophyllum, and in independent clusters, July i, igoif* (collected by V. N. Edwards). Lepas anati/em Linnaeus. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 382, etc.; Bige low, 1902, p. 65; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 84; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 79. Taken in various parts of Vineyard Sound during the months of July and August; found upon the bottoms of ships, and attached to floating planks and sargassum, sometimes in large numbers. Specimens in Woods Hole museum , dated July 5, igcnt, August 2gt, August 3of, and September 5, igodf. (All attached to sar gassum.) Bigelow notes that maturation and cleavage stages, as well as advanced eggs, were on one occasion found in great numbers in the middle of August. Lepas killi (Leach). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 84; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 80 (no local records). Woods Hole, from German bark. Rathbun. Woods Hole, December n, 1888*; Vineyard Sound, July i, 1901; enormous cluster*; Gay Head, July 23, igoif; Vineyard Sound, on floating wood, July 5, igo4t; Menemsha Bight, on gulfweed, August 28, igo6t; New Bedford Harbor, on bottom of whaling vessel, August, 1906!; Vineyard Sound, August 29, Family VIBIL.HDJE. Lepas hilli Continued. (Foregoing specimens for the most part col lected by V. N. Edwards.) Abundant during the summer of 1909, several large clusters being brought in. Found by Mr. Edwards and oth ers, growing upon buoys anchored in local wa ters, though this is not probably a common occurrence. Lepas anserifera Linnaeus. Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 58. 382; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 84; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 80. Nobska Beach. Rathbun. Off Marthas Vine yard. Pilsbry. Conchoderma auritum (Linnseus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 390; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 85; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 99. Woods Hole, on ship s bottom. Rathbun, Pils bry. Conchoderma liirgaium (Spengler). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 392; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 85; Pilsbry, 1907, p. 99. Woods Hole, on ship s bottom. Rathbun, Pils bry. Woods Hole, on bottom of Italian bark, August, 1887 (perhaps the same specimens as referred to in the foregoing record). Off Gay Head, on Mola. Pilsbry. New Bedford, sev eral specimens taken from a whaling vessel, August, 1906!; also taken in abundance in the same harbor by Mr. Gray s collectors. Several specimens of this species are attached to the top of the head of a large gar (Tylosurus acus) in the Woods Hole collection. Order AMPHIPODA." Vibilia matrix Bovallius. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 50. Off Marthas Vineyard, at the surface (doubt fully determined by Holmes); off Newport. Rathbun. Family HYPERIID^. Hyperia galba (Montagu). Holmes, 1905, p. 464; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 50. Woods Hole; commonly found in Amelia. Holmes. Identified by Dr. Kunkel in nine different lots of amphipods, collected by Mr. Edwards at Woods Hole in April, May, June, and October. Some of these were freely swim ming; others in the medusae Tima formosa and Cyanea arctica (?). Hyperia medusarum (Miiller). Verrill, 18753, p. 38; Holmes, 1905, p. 464 (not listed for this region); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 50. (Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567 and 439, likewise mention an unidentified Hyperia, found upon Cyanea). Vineyard Sound and northward on Cyanea arctica and other jellyfishes. Verrill. Hyperoche abyssorum (Boeck). Holmes, 1905, p. 464 (not listed for local wate r s). Specimens thus identified by Dr. Kunkel were taken at Woods Hole, in surface tow, April 27 and May 24, 1906. Euthemisto compressa (Goes). Holmes, 1905, p. 464; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 51. "Off Marthas Vineyard." Holmes. The sta tions listed by this writer are, however, beyond o Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. L. J. Cole; those from points designated by a dagger (t) by Dr. S. J. Holmes; those from points designated by a double dagger (t) by Dr. B. AY. IZunkel. 648 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Eulhemisto compressa Continued. the limits of the region. Woods Hole, in sur face tow, December 22, 1904, J and November 10, 1905.}:. Euthemislo bispinosa (Boeck). Holmes, 1905, p. 465; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 51. Vineyard Sound. Holmes. Woods Hole, in surface tow, November 10, 19054 and June 10, 19064 Family PHRONIMIB^. Phronima sedentaria (Forskal). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567, 439 (Phronima sp.); Holmes, 1905, p. 465 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 51 (no local records). Smith states that a species of this genus "was taken at the surface in company with Salpa, off Gay Head, early in September." This was closely allied to P. atlantica of Gnerin." Family OXYCEPHAUD^. ? Oxycephalus clausi Bovallius. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 51. "Off Marthas Vineyard, surface." (Doubtful whether the locality lay within limits of region.) Family SCELID^E. Thyropus sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 52. "A single specimen of a species of this genus was taken with the Phronima and Salpa, off Gay Head, early in September." Smith. Family ORCHESTIID^E. Talorchestia longicornis (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556, 336, etc.; Holmes 1905, p. 468; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 52. Of very general distribution on sandy beaches, in burrows, at or above high- water mark. Noc turnal in habits: may be caught by the use of a lantern at nights. Holmes. Females with eggs noted among specimens col lected in July and August, 1906. Kunkel. Talorckestia megalophthalma (White). Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 556, 336, etc.; Holmes, 1905, p. 469; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 5 2 - Woods Hole, much less common than T. longi cornis, but lives in similar situations. Holmes. Recorded from Nobska Beach J and Robin sons Holef at or above high tide. Found among specimens taken at station 7537 (1906) at a depth of 10 fathoms J (perhaps caught by dredge near surface). Orckestia agilis Smith. Beach flea. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 555, 3 J 4, etc. (sp. nov.), Bumpus, i898b; Holmes, 1905, p. 47; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 53. Distribution very general locally, occurring under masses of dead seaweed thrown up on the beaches; often enormously abundant." Seldom found so far up on the beach as Talor chestia, and is much more active in the day time. (Holmes). Found to be carrying eggs and embryos on June 20. Bumpus. One female with eggs among specimens collected August 13. Kunkel. Orchestia palustris Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 555, 468 (sp. nov.); Holmes, 1905, p. 471; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 53- In salt marshes, occurring under driftwood, vege table debris, etc., extending its range nearly or quite up to fresh water; may occupy nearly dry places above high-water mark. Smith. Identified by Dr. Kunkel among collections made at New Bedford Harbor, above high tide; Nobska Beach, among drif tweed; Cedar Tree Neck, on shore. Allorchestes littoralis Stimpson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 556, 315, etc. (Hyale littoralis); Holmes, 1905, p. 472; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 53. No definite local records given by any of the writers cited, though it is stated that this spe cies is prevalent on the whole New England coast. Specimens have been identified by Dr. Kunkel from the following points: Tide pool on Naushon side of Robinsons Hole, Au gust 18, 1906 (2 females with eggs) ; Tarpaulin Cove, August 9, 1906 (i); from algae on rocks at Scraggy Neck, August 16, 1906 (many); Woods Hole, in surface tow, February 22, 1905 (i); from hydroids, growing on Lepas, Vine yard Sound, August 9, 1904 (i). Holmes states that this species occurs high up on the beach, thus showing an approach to a ter restrial habitat. Hyale prevostii (Milne Edwards). A specimen thus identified by Dr. Kunkel was taken in shallow water at Round Hill Point, August 14, 1906. Family LYSIANASSID<. Anonyx nugax (Phipps). Holmes, 1905, p. 473; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 54. a A curious belief seems prevalent at seashore resorts to the effect that the beaches are tenanted by real fleas. The presence of these vermin in the houses is thus explained and excused. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 649 .4 no nyx migax Continued . Often found in great abundance near Woods Hole. Holmes. Woods Hole and Vineyard Sound, surface and bottom. Rathbun. A number of specimens identified by Dr. Kunkel were taken in surface tow, Woods Hole, Janu ary 23, 1902. JAnonyx nobilis Stimpson. A number of specimens taken at Fish Hawk sta tion 7604 (Crab Ledge in 19 fathoms, gravel and sand) were referred to this species by Dr. Holmes, with the comment that this was "not really an Anonyx." Tryphosa pinguis (Boeck). Holmes, 1905, p. 473; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 54- Often taken in abundance near Woods Hole; sometimes in company with Anonyx nugax. Holmes. Off Gay Head. Rathbun. Three records from tow collections made at Woods Hole in December and January J. Females with eggs taken in January. Kunkel. Hippomedon serratus Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 473 (sp. nov.); Rathbun, 1905, P- 54- Newport. Holmes. Hoplonyx cicada Fabricius. Holmes, 1905, p. 474; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 54. Often taken in considerable numbers near Woods Hole; from 20 fathoms down. Holmes. Off Marthas Vineyard on trawl line. Rathbun. Woods Hole, in surface tow, January 13, 1905 (many).} Lysianopsis alba Holmes. [Chart 85.] Holmes, 1905, p. 475 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905. P- 55- Eel Pond, Nobska. Holmes. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, at n stations; dredged only twice elsewhere; dredged in 4 to 13 fathoms on bottoms of sand and gravel. Survey. Common also in mud. Holmes. Fish Hawk stations*: 7521 bis (2), 7532 bis (7), 7537 bis (i), 7549 bis (i), 7748 (i with eggs), 775 1 (i). 774 (i), 7776 (i), 77 8 (i). 77 82 (i with eggs). Phalarope stations: 63 (4)*, 120 (i)f , 132 (2)f. Lysianatsa sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556, 431, etc. Several times dredged in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Family Haustorius arenarius (Slabber) [Chart 86.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556, 339, etc. (Lepi- dactylus dytiscus); S. I. Smith, i882b, p. 280 (Lepidaclylus arenarius) , Holmes, 1905, p. 476; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 55. Vineyard Sound. Smith. Newport. Rath- bun. Smith states that this form frequents sandy shores, agreeing in its habits with Hippa; that it is likewise taken in 5 to 10 fathoms, on sandy bottoms. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound ; only one record for Buzzards Bay, near Cutty- hunk; taken in i to 15 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms. Recorded from shore collec tions at Katama BayJ and Tarpaulin CoveJ. Fish Hawk stations: 7568 (i)f, 7704 (4)*, 7705 (i)*, 7726 (i)*, 7727 (i small)*, 7779 (i)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 33 (i small)f, 37 (i)*, 42 (i)*, 51 (i)*. 55 (i)t, 99 (i small)*. Family PHOXOCEPHAUD^E. Phoxocephalus holbolli (Kroyer). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556, 501 (Phoxus Kroyeri); Holmes, 1905, p. 477; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 56. Vineyard Sound; rare, and usually in deep wa ter. Smith. Newport. Rathbun. Phala rope stations 127! (Quisset Harbor), and 160* (west shore of Buzzards Bay). Survey. Paraphoxus spinosus Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 477 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 56. Newport, taken by S. D. Judd. Holmes. West ern end of Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk sta tions 7686* and 7723!; surface tow at Bureau of Fisheries wharf, June, igofij; July, igosf; October, 1905$. Harpinia plumosa (Kroyer). Holmes, 1905, p. 478; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 56. South of Marthas Vineyard, from 20 fathoms down. Rathbun. It is possible that this does not occur within the region. Urothoe sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556. "A species . . . apparently belonging to this genus, was taken in great numbers at the sur face at Woods Hole, on the evening of July 3, and on one or two other occasions." Smith. 650 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family AMPELISCID^E. Ampelisca macrocephala Lilljeborg. [Chart 87.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 561 (Ampelisca sp.); Verrill, 18753, p. 38; Holmes, 1905, p. 479; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 56. Common and of general distribution in Buz zards Bay; in Vineyard Sound taken only at Tarpaulin Cove and Menemsha Bight; dredged at depths of from 2 to 12 fathoms, on bottoms of mud and muddy sand. Survey. Also re corded from Wareham RiverJ and from Bay end of Robinsons HoleJ. The local distribu tion of this species is extremely interesting in comparison with that of A. spinipes. Listed for Newport by Rathbun. Fish Hawk stations: 7601 (i)f, 7612 (few)*, 7613 (about 12)*, 7614 (i)*, 7616 (i)*, 7618 (few)*, 7620 (i)*, 7622 ( 2 )t, 7625 (3)*, 7640 (2)*, 7648 (2)*, 7650 (few)*, 7651 (i)*, 7652 (several)*, 7653 (i)*, 7655 (i)*, 7668 (3)*, 7675 (4)*, 7724 ( 2 )* 773 ( I )*- Supplementary stations (1909)!: 7615 (i), 7636 (4), 7645 (2), also sev eral unchartered Bay stations. Phalarope stations: 19 (many)*, 78 (few)*, 79 (i)*, 95 (2)*, 107 (several)*, 123 (i)* 138 (i)*, 151 (2)f, 152 (3 small)*, 162 (6)*, 166 (i)*. Supplementary station 165 (1909) J. Ampelisca spinipes Boeck. [Chart 88.] Holmes, 1905, p. 480; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 57- Woods Hole, Newport. Holmes. Common and of general distribution throughout both Vine yard Sound and Buzzards Bay; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of sand or sandy mud. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (i)*, 7525 (2)f, 7525 bis (3)*. 7S3 2 bis (i)*> 7533 bis (2)*, 7535 (many)t, 753<5 (i)t, 7537 bis (2)*, 7541 bis (i)*, 7546 bis (i)t, 7549 bis (i)*. 755 2 (i)t. 7554 bis (i)*, 7565 bis (i)*, 7585 (i)t, 76iof, 7612 (several)*, 7616 (i)*, 762 5 (several young )f, 7629 (i small)*, 7630 (2)*, 7640 (? i small)*, 7642 (i small)*, 7648 ( l )*> 7652 (several)*, 7653 (2 small females), 7659 (2)f, 7671 (i)*, 7680 (several)f, 7682 (2)*, 7683 (i)*, 7686 (several)*, 7698 (i)*, 7710 (i)*, 7724 (several)*, 7725!, 7730 (3)*, 7732 (i)*, 775 ( 2 )t. 775 1 ( 2 )*. 7752 ( 2 . I wi th eggs)*, 7759 ( 2 )t- Supplementary stations}: (1906) 7748; (1909) 7627, 7636, 7659, 7668. Phalarope stations: i (few)f, 64 (i)*, 74 (i)*, 75 (3)*, 84 (i)*, 95 (i)*, "4 (i)*, 123 (i)*, 131 (2)t, 154 (2)*, 159 (i)* 160 (i)*, 163 (2)*, 165 (i)*. Supplementary stations (1909)!: 83, 165. Ampelisca compressa Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 480 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, J95. P- 57- Vineyard Sound, Newport. Ampelisca agassizi (Judd). Judd, 1896, p. 599 (Byblis agassizij; Holmes, 1905, p. 481; Rathbun, 1905, p. 57. Newport, June 20, about a dozen specimens taken. Judd. Ampelisca sp. Fish Hawk station 7728; Phalarope station 102. Byblis serrata Smith. [Chart 89.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 5 OI > 5 O1 ( S P- nov -); Judd, 1896, p. 596; Holmes, 1905, p. 482; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 58. | Deep water off Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, fine compact mud and sand, 20 to 29 fathoms. Smith. Newport. Judd. Com mon at western end of Vineyard Sound; scat tered stations elsewhere, including a few in Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 19 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7584 (i)t, 7585 (2)*, 7586 (i)t*, 7616 (i)*, 7621 (i)*, 7668 (i)*, 7679 (i)*, 7680 (sevcral)t, 7682 (i)*, 7683*, 7685 (2)*, 7686 (i female)*, 7687 (few)*, 7698 (i)*, 7709 (i)*, 7710 (many)*, 7730 (4)*. Phalarope stations; 55 (several)f, 63 (i)*, 130 (i)*. Family STEGOCEPHALID.E. Stegocephalus inflatus Kroyer. Holmes, 1905, p. 482; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 59- Near Woods Hole. Holmes. Woods Hole in surface tow, September 10* (collected by V. N. Edwards). Family STENOTHOID^E. Stenothoe cypris Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 485 (sp nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 60. Woods Hole on piles, September, 1900; among masses of Pennaria from Grassy Island. Holmes. Stenothoe minuta Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 485 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 60. Woods Hole on piles and among seaweed. Holmes. Fish Hawk stations: 7552 bis (i), 7760 (about 12). Females with eggs taken in August and Septem ber. Kunkel. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 651 Family Monoculodes edwardsi Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 488 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 61. Woods Hole, a single specimen taken by V. N. Edwards; taken by Judd, at Newport. Holmes. Woods Hole, in surface tow, January ii, 1906!. Monoculodes sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 556. A single specimen which was referred to this genus was taken in Vineyard Sound, Decem ber 21, by V. N. Edwards. Family PARAMPHITHOID^E. Sympleustes latipes (Sars). Holmes, 1905, p. 490 (not listed for local waters). One small specimen, thus identified by Dr. Kunkel, was dredged at Fish Hawk station 7718. Sympleustes glaber (Boeck). Holmes, 1905, p. 490 (not listed for local waters); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 62 (listed only from Eastport, Me.). One specimen, thus identified by Dr. Kunkel, was taken at Woods Hole, in surface tow, June 21, 1901. Family LAFYSTIID^. Lafystius sturionis Kroyer. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557, 457; Holmes, 1905, p. 492; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 63. From the mouth of a goosefish (Lophius piscato- rius) taken in Vineyard Sound. Smith. Seven specimens | taken by Mr. Edwards from the gills of Lophius, November 24, 1904; 5 others } from the same host, October 20, 1905; 7 others J in surface tow at Woods Hole, Oc tober 20, 1904. Each lot contained females with eggs. Family CALLIOPIID^. Calliopius ItBTjiusculus (Kroyer). [Chart 90.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557, 315, etc.; ? Judd, 1896, p. 593 (Calliopius rathkei); Bumpus, i8g8b; Holmes, 1905, p. 494; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 64. Western end of Vineyard Sound, Robinsons Hole, one station near West Chop ; dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms on bottoms of sand and stones. Sur vey. Recorded locally in surface tow during atleasteightmonthsof theyear }; also collected along shore at various points in the vicinity } ; abundant on a piece of floating gulfweed, taken in July.f Calliopius IcEviusculus Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (i)*, 7685 (few)*, 7701 (many small)*, 7707 (few) f, 7723*, 7725 (i),*7728(2),*7 7 3i(fewsmall).t Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20 (i),t 21 (i)* 44 (i)*, 45 (several)*, 46 (3)*, 47 W*. 4 (i). Females with eggs taken in tow throughout the year. Kunkel. This species has been taken from the stomach of a tomcod (Smith), and from an anchovy (Cole). Apherusa gracilis Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 495 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905. P- 65. Off Gay Head, 2 specimens. Pontogenia inermis (Kroyer). [Chart 91.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557, 519; Holmes, 1905, p. 496; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 65. Surface of Vineyard Sound in March. Smith. Western end of Vineyard Sound, common; few records elsewhere; dredged at from 2 to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths of 8 fathoms or more ; for the most part on sandy bottoms. Survey. Also reported for tide pools, and in local tow, April and May. Fish Hawk stations: 7594!, 7676 (i)f, 7678 (sev eral)}:, 7685 (several)*, 7686 (young)f, 7689 (2)*, 7690 (i small)*, 7698 (4)*, 7699 (i)t, 77 (?i)t 7701 (many small)*, 7702 ( 2 )f, 776 (3)t. 7707 (few)f, 7709 (6)*, 7718 (i)t, 7719 (i)*, 7720 (4 young)f, 7723 Wt 7725 (several)*, 7728 (many)*, 7729 (several)f, 7730(10 small)*, 7731 (many small)*, 7777 (i young)f. Phalarope stations: 58 (i)*, 87 (i male)*, 103 (i)*, in (i)* Family ATYLID/E. Dexamine thea Boeck. Holmes, 1905, p. 498; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 66. Woods Hole, a female carrying eggs, June 25. Holmes. Phalarope station 37 (Sow and Pigs Reef), 2 specimensf. Robinsons Hole, on weed from wharf pile, January 5, 1905^ (col lected by V. N. Edwards). Family BATEID^E. Batea secunda Holmes. [Chart 92.] Holmes, 1905, p. 499 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 66. Near Woods Hole; off Nobska, in about 6 fath oms. Holmes. Vineyard Sound, common, chiefly in eastern half; one station near middle of Buzzards Bay; dredged in 4 to 13 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of sand and gravel. Sur vey. Also recorded from surface tow, Woods Hole Harbor, May and October}. 6 5 2 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Batea secunda Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7527 bis (i)*, 7539 bisf, 7549 bis (few)*, 7552 bis (few)f, 7553 bis (5)$, 7554 bis(i)f, 7563 bis (3)*, 7564 bis (3)t,7i2t, 773 2 *- 7739 (3)*. 7753 ( 2 )*. 7754 (i)t. 7755 W*. 77 (i)*, 7764(3)!, 7766 ( 3 )t, 7768f, 7769 (several)t, 7770 (6)*, 7772 ( 3 )t, 7775}, 7776 (3)*, 7778 (i with eggs)*, 7783 (few)*. Females with eggs taken in August. Kunkel. Family GAMMARID^E. Gammarus locusta (Linnaus). Verrill and Smith, 1873,- p. 557, 314, etc. (Gammarus ornatus); Holmes, 1905, p. 500; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 67. Distribution general along shores, between tides. Recorded for a considerable number of points on shoresof Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound ; taken in surface tow in December and June. Dredged by the Survey at a few stations, in 2 to 5 fathoms. Blue Wing stations* (all at Gay Head): 45 (2 small), 47 (few), 48 (i). Females with eggs taken in August. Kunkel. Gammarus annulatus Smith. [Chart 93.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 557, 314, etc. (G. annulatus, sp. nov.), 558, 439, etc. (G. nata- tor); Holmes, 1905, p. 501; M. J. Rathbun 1905, p. 67. Vineyard Sound, under stones, among rock weed , etc., on shore; also in vast numbers at the sur face, usually among floating weed. Smith. Nine scattered stations in Vineyard Sound; one in Quicks Hole; none in Buzzards Bay; dredged in i]A to 13 fathoms. Survey. Also recorded from Round Hill Point, between tides}; and in surface tow at Woods Hole}, for the months of January, March, April, May, June, July, and December. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (5)*, 7547 bis (i)f, 755 1 (i)t, 7554 (3)t, 7557 (many)t. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 3 (20)*, 29 (i)* 33 (i small)t, 49*- Si (i)t- Females with eggs recorded for April, May, and June. Kunkel. Smith records the occurrence of this species in the stomach of the haddock, tomcod, herring, and mackerel. Gammarus marinus Leach. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 559, 314, etc.; Holmes 1905, p. 502; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 67. Woods Hole, Weepecket, Cuttyhunk, and other places in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; Newport. Under stones, below high-water mark; sometimes abundant. Carinogammarus mucronatus (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 559, 370, etc. (Gam marus mucronatus); Holmes, 1905, p. 503; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 68. Of general distribution. Eel Pond*, New Bed ford Harbor}, West Falmouth Harbor}, Ka- tama Bay}, head of Lagoon Pond}. New port. Rathbun. Found upon alga; and among eelgrass, even in brackish waters. Females with eggs recorded August, 1906. Smith records the occurrence of this species in the stomach of the tomcod and spotted flounder (Lophopsetta maculata). Melita dentata (Kroyer). Holmes, 1905, p. 504; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 68 (no local records). Buzzards Bay. Holmes. Melita nitida Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 560, 314, etc. (sp. nov.); Holmes, 1905, p. 505; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 69. Woods Hole, near "breakwater." Holmes. Beneath stones and among rockweed at low tide; among eelgrass in brackish waters. Smith. Specimens identified by Dr. Kunkel from shore collections at Wareham River and West Falmouth Harbor, August, 1906. Melita parvimana Holmes. Holmes, 1905, p. 506 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 69. A single specimen taken by S. D. Judd at New port. Elasmopus Icerois (Smith). [Chart 94.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 559, 315, etc. (Mara Icevis, sp. nov.); Holmes, 1905, p. 507; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 69. Vineyard Sound, beneath stones and among rockweed at low tide. Smith. Pretty gener ally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound, especially at inshore stations; taken a few times along the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay; dredged for the most part at depths of 10 fath oms or less (2 to 13) on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. Survey. Recorded from shore collections} at Nobska Point, Katama Bay, Wareham River, and New Bedford Harbor. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (2)*, 7541 bis (i with eggs)*, 7547 bis (i)*, 7552 bis (i)*, 7553 bis (2)}, 7564 bis (i small)t, 7706*, 7721 (2)f, 77 2 5 (i)t. 773i (i)*, 775 1 (i small)*, 7764 (few, mostly small)*, 7767 (i)*, 7768 (several)*, 7775 ( J small)*. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 653 Elasmopus lozvis Continued. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 8 (2)*, 20 ( 3 )t, 21 (2)*, 22 (i small)*, 32 (4)*, 34 (few)*, 37 (few)*, 44 (i)*, 45 (2)*. 4 (i male)*, 49 (2)*, 3 (3)*, 67 (2)*, 73 (2 very small)*, 77 (i)*, 112 (3)*, 117 ( 2 )t, 131 (i)* Females with eggs noted in August. Kunkel. Gammarellus angulosus (Rathke). Holmes, 1905, p. 508; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 70. (By neither of these writers is this species recorded for the region.) Taken by the Survey at Blue Wing stations 47 (few)*, and 51 f (very many); both at Gay Head in less than 2 fathoms of water. Family PHOTID/E. Microdeutopus gryllotalpa Costa. Verrill and Smith, 1813, p. 562, 479, etc. (Micro deutopus minax); Holmes, 1905, p. 514; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 70. Vineyard Sound, sometimes abundant on eel- grass in brackish ponds. Smith. Eel Pond, common. Holmes, Cole. Identified by Dr. Kunkel in shore collections made at Katama Bay on sand flat, Robinsons Hole, New Bed ford Harbor on algae from rocks, West Fal- mouth Harbor. Many females with eggs taken in August. Kun kel. Microdeutopus danmonensis (Bate). Holmes, 1905, p. 515; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 70. Eel Pond, common. Holmes. Near Naushon; eastern side of Buzzards Bay, at 2 stations; dredged in 4 to 5 fathoms of water. Survey. Collected, also, upon piles at Woods HoleJ and Vineyard HavenJ, and from shore in West Falmouth Harbor f . Fish Hawk station 7537 bis (i)*. Phalarope stations: 117 (i male)*, 132 (s)f. Females with eggs taken in August. Kunkel. Microdeutopus sp. Phalarope stations: 127! (Quisset Harbor), 158* (Wareham River). Autonoe smithi Holmes. [Chart 95.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 562, 415 (Autonoe sp.); Holmes, 1905, p. 516 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 71. Vineyard Sound, common; found "in tubes in masses of a compound ascidian (Amouroucium pellucidum Verrill) in 3 to 8 fathoms. Smith. Eastern half of Vineyard Sound, at n stations; eastern shore of Buzzards Bay (upper half) ; only taken once elsewhere; dredged in 3 to 13 fath- A ntonoe smithi Continued. oms, chiefly on bottoms of sand and gravel. Survey. Collected, also, at Wareham wiver, August 15, 1906 J. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (i)*, 7544 (i)t> 7616 (i)*, 7700 t, 773 2 (several)*, 7738 (i)*, 7739 (4)*, 7757 (2)*, 7759 (i)t. 7?64 (2)*, 777" (i)*. 7777 (4)t, 7782 (i)t- Phalarope stations: 117 (i)f, nS (i)*, 144 t. J 47 *. Ptilocheirus pinguis Stimpson. [Chart 96.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 561, 431, etc.; Holmes, 1905, p. 522; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 7 1 - Common and generally distrbuted in Buzzards Bay; common, though less general, in Vine yard Sound; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of mud or sand. Survey. Recorded, also, from a number of uncharted stations in Buzzards Bay; head of Lagoon Pond, between tides; surface tow, Woods Hole, December. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis (2)*, 7537 bis (sev eral medium and small)*, 7586 (many)f, 7605 (i)t,76i2(few)*, 7513(8)*, 7614(1)*, 7618 (few)*, 7619 (i)*, 7621 (3)*, 7622 (few)f, 7625 (i small)*, 7629 (i)*, 7638 (2)*, 7640 (many)*, 7643 (5)*, 7644 (5)*, 7M (i)*, 7650 (3)*, 7651 (")*, 7652 (about 30)*, 7655 (many)*, 7656 (many)*, 7657 (many)t, 7662 (i)*, 7668 (7)*, 7669 (2)*, 7671 (2)*, 7673 (about 12)*, 7674 (i)*, 7685 (many)*, 7686 (many)*, 7687 (many)*, 7688 (many)f, 7689 (2)*, 7724 (many)*, 7726 (i)*, 7728 (i moult)f. Supplementary stations (1909)}:: 7636 (12), 7643 (6), 7645 (8), 7659 (i). Phalarope stations: i (few)f, 8 (2)*, 19 (many)*, 78 (very many)t, 79 (few)*, 84 (i)*, 91 (sev eral)*, 95 (2)*, 100 (several)*, 102 (many)* 103 (i)*, no (5)*, 114 (2)*, 120 (i)*, 127 (i)*, 128 (3)*, 1 60 (6)*, 162 (3)*, 165 (7)*. Supplement ary stations (igogjf: 83 (i), 165 (many). Podoceropsis nitida (Stimpson). Holmes, 1905, p. 524 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 71 (no local records). One female specimen, bearing eggs, taken at Fish Hawk station 7722*, in Vineyard Sound, near Gay Head, 13 fathoms, sand. Family PODOCERID^. Amphithoe rubricata (Montagu). [Chart 97.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 563, 315, etc. (Am phithoe valida and A. maculata); Holmes, 1905, p. 510; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 72. 654 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Amphithoe rubricata Continued. Inshore stations of Vineyard Sound, common; Quicks Hole and Robinsons Hole; a few sta tions on the eastern shore of Buzzards Bay; dredged chiefly at depths of less than 6 fath oms (i to 13), on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones; almost exclusively confined to the adlittoral stations. Survey. Recorded also from Nobska Point and Cedar Tree neckj, August, 1906; Woods Hole, in surface tow, October 2, 1904^. Some of the foregoing speci mens were females with eggs. Smith notes that this species dwells in tubes of gravel, sea weed, etc., attached to under side of stones at low-water mark; also on Ulna, and among eel- grass on muddy shores. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (2 small)*, 7536 (S)t. 7537 bis (several)*, 7656 (i)*, 7720 (i)*, 773 (i)*. 773i (several)*, 7751 (2)*. Supple mentary stations (1906): 7525}:; (1909): 7670 Wt Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few)f, 20 (S)t, 21 (2)*, 22 (few)*, 25 (many)*, 29 (6)*, 30 (few)*, 32 (several)*, 33 (10)*, 34 (few)*, 37 (few)*, 44 (3)*, 45 (few)*, 4 6( 4 small)*, 47(1)*, 48 (many)*, 49 (i with eggs)*, 51 (several)*, 55 (2)f, 58 (many)*, 63 (4)*, 67 (2)*, 69 (5)*, 73 (3)*. 74 (2)*, 77 (0*, 86 (2 with eggs)*, 87 (very many)f, 100 (2)*, in (i)*, 112 (2 small)*, 116 (many medium and small)f, 134 (3 small)*. Supplementary station (1909): 83!. Amphithoe longimana Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 563, 370, etc. (sp. nov.); Holmes, 1901, p. 165; 1905, p. 509; M. J. Rathbtm, 1905, p. 72. Vineyard Sound, common among eelgrass in sheltered situations; young taken at surface. Smith. Woods Hole. Holmes. Newport. Rathbun. One specimen dredged by the sur vey at Phalarope station 137*, in Buzzards ; Bay, near West Falmouth. Recorded from eelgrass in the Eel Pond (many)*; surface tow at end of Bureau of Fisheries pier*; from algae, etc., on shores of Nobska Point J, New Bedford Harbor!, an( i West Falmouth Harborf; piles of pier, Woods HoleJ. Sunamphitoe pelagica (Milne Edwards). Specimens thus identified by Dr. Kunkel were dredged at a 1906 repetition of Fish Hawk sta tion 7723; also taken upon gulf weed, in Vine yard Sound, August and September, 1906; and in surface tow, at Woods Hole, October 10, 1905. All of these lots contained females with eggs. Ischyrocerus anguipes Kroyer. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 565, 493, etc. (Podo- cerus Jucicola); Holmes, 1905, p. 513; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 72. (No local records given by any of these writers.) Gay Head, at Blue Wing stations 44 (2)*, and 52 (i small)*; 3 to 7 fathoms. Survey. Also re corded from nets at Menemsha Bightf. ? Podocerus falcatus (Montagu). Bumpus, iSgSb; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 73. Vineyard Sound, surface; determined with doubt by S. I. Smith. Rathbun. Taken with eggs during last two weeks of July and first two weeks of August. Bumpus. Dr. Htalmes believes that Jassa marmorata is the species here intended. Jassa marmorata Holmes. [Chart 98]. Holmes, 1905, p. 511 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 73 (Podocerus marmoratas). Narragansett Bay. Holmes. Gay Head at 7 sta tions, Robinsons Hole, Cuttyhunk, Sow and Pigs Reef, a few other points in Vineyard Sound, but no records for the Bay; dredged in i to 13 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. Survey. Recorded also from piles at Woods HoleJ, Vineyard Havenl, Rob insons Hole|, and Menemsha BightJ; from shore collections at Robinsons HoleJ and Cedar Tree Neck ; and from surface tow, Woods HoleJ, December n , 1905. One specimen taken from stomach of anchovy caught at Menemsha Bightf. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (i)*, 7723 (2)*, 7745 (i)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20 (few)f, 21 (2)*, 22 (i)*, 30 (i)*, 34 (few)*, 37 (3 very small)*, 44 (many)*, 45 (very many)*, 46 (many)*, 47 (many)*, 48 (i male, several fe males)*, 51 (very many)f , 58 (many)*. Grubia compta (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 564, 370, etc. (Amphithoe compta, sp. nov.); Bumpus, iSgSb (Amphithoe compta); Holmes, 1905, p. 510; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 73. Vineyard Sound, found among eelgrass and on piles, likewise taken at surface. Smith. Eel Pond. Holmes. Upper half of Buzzards Bay at six inshore stations, Lackeys Bay, eastern end of Vineyard Sound (once); dredged in 2 to 5 (in one case 10) fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and mud. Survey. Recorded, also, from shore collections made at Katama Bay}, Wareham Riverf, and Dump ling Rock Light! . BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 655 Grubia compta Continued. Fish Hawk station 7767*. Phalarope stations: 8 (2)!, 118 ( several)!, 130 (4)*, 132 (i)f, 135 (2)*, 147 (2)*, 155 (i female)*. Breeding throughout July and first week or two in August. F. M. Watson, cited by Bumpus. Ericthonius rubricornis (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 565 (Cerapus rubri cornis); S. I. Smith, 18820, p. 278 (Eric thonius difformis); Holmes, 1005, p. 518; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 73. Vineyard Sound, not common. Smith. Com mon near Woods Hole ; " lives in flexible tubes composed of sand or mud stuck together with a small amount of adhesive, weblike male- rial." Holmes. Vineyard Sound, at 8 scat tered stations; not taken in the Bay; dredged mainly at depths of 10 to 19 fathoms, on various bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (? i female)*, 7549 bis (2)! , 7564 bis (i with eggs)f , 7606 (several)f , 7608 (i female)f, 7729 (several)f, 7730 (i fe male)*, 7735 (? i with eggs)*, 7746 (? i with eggs).* Phalarope station 25 (? 2 females).* Ericthonius minax (Smith). [Chart 99.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 565 (Cerapus minax, sp. nov.); Holmes, 1905, p. 519; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 74. Vineyard Sound. Smith. Eel Pond; off Gay Head. Holmes. Of general distribution throughout Vineyard Sound; only one record for Buzzards Bay, near its head; dredged in 4 to 16 fathoms, for the most part at depths of 8 fathoms or more, chiefly on bottoms of sand and gravel. Survey. Fish Hawk stations; 7524 bis (? 2)*, 7525 bis (i male, several females)*, 7539 bis (i male)*, 7546 bis (i)*, 7552 bis (several)*, 7554 (i)f, 7557 (2 females)t, 7560 ( 2 )f, 7563 bis (2)*, 7569 bis (i male)*, 7582 (4)!?. 7606 (2 males)*, 7632 (i male)*, 7699 (? i female)!, 7704 (i male)*, 7720 (2)*, 7723 (many)*, 7724 (several)*, 7725 (several)*, 7728 (2)*, 7730 (4 males, i female)*, 7731 (few females)*, 7732 (few)*, 7739 (? i fe male)*, 7740 (i male, i female)*, 7744 (i male, i female)*, 7745 (? several)*, 7751 (few)*, 7752 (?)*, 775 8 (3)*. 7759 (several)*, 7760 (? i fe male)*, 7764 (many)*, 7767 (several)*, 7768 (5)*. 7769 (several)f, 7775 (several)*, 7777 (3)t- Supplementary stations t ( J 9o6): 7567 (i), 7723 (i). Phalarope stations: 63 (? i female)*, 73 (4)*, 77 (? 2 females).* 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 8 Ericthonius sp. Fish Hawk stations: 7538 bis, 7553 bis, 7616, 7734. 775 6 - Family COROPHIID/E. Cerapus tubularis Say. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 565 (identification made doubtfully); S. I. Smith, i882b, p. 277; Holmes, 1905, p. 517 (spelled C. tabularis); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 74. Vineyard Sound, 8 to 10 fathoms, in Amourou- cium pellucidum, several females carrying eggs. Smith. Siphonaecetes smithiamts Rathbun. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 566, 501, etc. (S. cuspidatus); Holmes, 1905, p. 522 (S. cus- pidatus); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 74 (nom. nov.). Taken in deep water off Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 20 to 29 fathoms, inhabiting tubes constructed of grains of sand. Smith. Dr. Holmes has not encountered this species. Corophium cylindricum (Say). [Chart 100.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 566, 382, etc.; Holmes 1905, p. 521; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 75. Common and of general distribution in Vineyard Sound ; taken at a few inshore stations on the lower half of the eastern side of Buzzards Bay; dredged in from i to 13 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones, rarely in mud. Sur vey. Recorded also from various points dur ing the shore collecting. This species dwells in tubes, though frequently leaving these; it is found among weeds and hydroids, on piles and elsewhere, as well as in deeper waters. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (2)*, 7525 bis (few)*, 7535 bis (i)*, 7536 ( 4 )f, 7537 bis (many)*, 7539 bis (i)*, 755 1 bis (2), 7552 bis (several;!, 7557 (i with eggs)*, 7560 (i)f, 7640 (i)*, 7678^:, 7690 (i)*, 7698 (i)*, 7699 (very many)*, 7700, 7701 (i)*. 773 ( 2 )t, 77 2 i (several)f, 7722 (i)*, 7723 (few)*, 7724 (few)*, 7728 (many)*, 7730 (2)!, 7732 (several)*, 7739 (2)*, 7744}, 7745 (many)*, 7751 (many)*, 7752 (i male)*, 7764 (few)*, 7765 (many)t, 7767 (many)*, 7768 (many)!, 7769 (few)!, 7771 (few)*, 7772 (many)*, 7774 (i)*, 7775 (few)*, 7781 (i) * Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 8 (many)*, 20 (several)*, 21 (several)*, 22 (3)*, 25 (many)*, 29 (8)*, 30 (few)*, 32 (many)*, 33 (8)*, 34 (few)*, 37 (several)*, 44 (many)*, 45 (i)*, 46 (several)*, 4 8f, 51 (i). 52 (i)*, 58 (i)*, 63 (2)*, 67 (3)*, 77 (few)*, 87 (many)*, 100 (many)*, 102 (3)*, in (few)*, 112 (2).* 6 5 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OK FISHERIES. Corophium cylindricum Continued. Recorded from the stomach of an anchovy. L. J. Cole. Females with eggs recorded for January, July, and August. Kunkel. Undo la irrorata Say. [Chart loi.J Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567, 340, etc.; S. I. Smith, i882b, p. 280; Holmes, 1905, p. 520; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 75. A tube-dwelling species, of very general distri bution both in the Sound and the Bay; found on every sort of shore and bottom, from low water to the greatest depths in the region. Recorded from many points along shore, as well as from surface tow in April and May. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (2), 7522 bis (several)*, 7524 bis (4)*, 7525 bis (i small)*, 7526 (i), 7534 (few), 7535 fojf, 7535 bis (10)*, 7537 (several), 7539 bis (i)*, 7543, 7544 (few), 7545 bis*, 7546 bis*, 7549 bis (2)*, 7551 (3)!, 7554 (z)t, 7554 bis (i)*, 7558 (2), 7560 (i), 7580 (i large), 7601 (i), 7612 (2)*, 7613 (2)*, 7617 (i)*, 7618 (i), 7622 (few)t, 7623 (i)t, 7624 (i)*, 7632 (2)*, 7634 (4)*, 7635 (i)*> 7636 (2 large)*, 7640 (2)*, 7651 (2)*, 7652 (4)*, 7653 (several)*, 7661 (i)*, 7662 (i)*, 7667 (i)*, 7668 (i)*, 7672*, 7673 (2)*, 7675 (i)*, 7678 (several)*, 7679 (i)*, 7680 (r)f, 7682 (2)*, 7683 (i)*, 7685 (several)*, 7686 (several)*, 7687 (several)*, 7700 (young)t, 7701 (several)*, 7702 (3)*. 773 (several)t, 7710 (i small)*, 7722 (i)*, 7724 (few)*, 7725 (2)*, 7728 (i fragment)t 7729 ( )t, 773o(2 small)*, 7731(1 small)*,77 3 2 (many small)*, 7737 (i small)t, 7738 (several small )t, 7740 (i small)*, 7744 (few small)*, 7748 (i)*, 7749 (few small)}, 7753 (few)*, 7756 (several small)*, 7758 (i small)*, 7759 ( s )f, 7760 (many)*, 7761 (4)*, 7765 (i small)*, 7766 (2 very small)*, 7767 (i)*, 7769 (2)*, 7770 (few small)*, 7772 (2)*, 7773 (several)*, 7774 (2 small)*, 7775 (several small)*, 7778 (2 small)*, 7781 (3 small)*, 7782 (2 young)*, 7783 (2 small)*. Supplementarystations(i9O9)t: 7615 (i). 7627 (i), 7629, 7636 (few), 7643 (i), 7657 (i), 7668 (i). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 15 (4)!, 19 (few)*, 21 (?), 52 (i)*, 55 (i small)*, 78 (few)*, 79 (several small)*, 80, 84 (4)*, 86 (i small)*, 95 (i)*i 99 (several small)*, 107 (i), 114 (2)*, 118 (i)t, 122 (i)*, 127 (several)*, 131 (i)*, 138 (i small)*, 147 (i)*, 158 (i)*, 161 (i small)*, 164(1)*, 165 (2)*, 166 (i)*. Supplementary stations (1909)^: 79 (few), 146 (i), 165 (i), Smith reports the occurrence of this species in the food of the scup. Females with eggs taken in May and August. Kunkel. Family Chelura terebrans Philippi. S. I. Smith, 18793, p. 232; Holmes, 1905, p. 508; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 75. Woods Hole , two specimens recorded by Smith ; apparently scarce locally. This amphipod burrows into piles, in association with Limnoria lignorum. Family CAPRELUD^E. ~>Luconacia incerla Mayer. P. Mayer, 1903, p. 49 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 76. Woods Hole, January, 1882, one young female determined with doubt by Paul Mayer. JEginella longicornis (Kroyer). Holmes, 1905, p. 525; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 76 (Mgina longicornis). Common and generally distributed in Vineyard Sound, particularly at the western end; listed from only two stations in Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, generally at depths of 10 fathoms or more, for the most part on sandy bottoms. Survey. Recorded, also, from surface tow at Woods Hole|, and from fish pound at Menemsha BightJ. (See also records for "Caprellida sp. sp.".) Fish Hawk stations: 7533 bis (few, taken from Asterias forbesi)*, 7536 bis (?), 7537 bis (very many small, on Asterias vulgaris)*, 7545 bis*, 7547 bis (?), 7552 bis (3)*, 7 55 4t, 7563 bis (3 small)*, 7656 (i), 7676 (several on Asterias)*, 7677 (few medium sized on algae)*, 7678 (many)*, 7679 (2)*, 7680 (few large and small)*, 7681 (several)*, 7685 (many large and medi um)*, 7686 (few)*, 7693 (2)*, 7698 (4 small)*, 7699 (many)*, 7700 (many)*, 7701 (many)*, 7702 (several), 7703 (many large and small)*, 7704 (several)*, 7706 (very many, including one with eggs)*, 7707 (several large)*, 7709 (many)*, 7710 (?)*, 7717 (few medium sized)*, 7718 (several)*, 7720 (very many, mostly large)*, 7721 (2)*, 7722 (several large), 7723 (many, mostly large)*, 7724 (few large and medium sized)*, 7725 (few, mostly large)*, 7726 (3 small)*, 7727 (several)*, 7728 (few large and medium)*, 7729 (few)*, 7730 (very many, including one with eggs)*, 7731 (many)*, 7735 (4), 7739 ( 2 )*. 7745 (i small)*, 7764 (i small)*, 7778 (i small)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 15 (many on Asterias forbesi)*, 22 (? few on Asterias forbesi), 33 (i)*, 46 (few)*, 55 (few large and medium on algae), 58 (2)*, 144 (several small)*. A variety spinosissima Stimpson recorded by Holmes (p. 525), and Rathbun (p. 77). Taken at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7606)!. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 657 Paracaprella tennis Mayer. P. Mayer, 1903, p. 68 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 905. P- 77- Woods Hole . Described by Mayer from a number of specimens furnished by Prof. Whitman, dated July 30, 1890. Caprella geometrica Say. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 567, 316, etc. (Ca prella sp. Verrill s records perhaps refer to more than one species); Mayer, 1903, p. 87 (C. aculifrons); Holmes, 1905, p. 526; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 77 (Caprella acutifrons). "One of the most common species of amphipod on the southern coast of New England." Holmes. In the Survey dredging recorded from scattered stations throughout Vineyard Sound; from Gay Head (especially common), Robinsons Hole, Quicks Hole; recorded only once for the Bay, near lower end. (See also records for " Caprellidce sp. sp.".) Dredged in i to 13 fathoms, chiefly at depths of less than jo fathoms, and mainly on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones, where it is usually found clinging to algae, hydroids, etc. Common like wise among weeds, etc., growing on piles, and on eelgrass ; on one occasion taken in great num bers among Obelia geniculata, from a floating plank in Vineyard Sound; Woods Hole, in surface tow{. Fish Hawk stations: 7552 bis (3)*, 7554 (i)f, 755 6 ( J )*> 7563 bis (*)*> 7564 bis (i small)f, 7724 (i)*, 7745 ( 2 )*> 7764 (3)*. 7765 ( 2 small)*, 7768 (3 small)*, 7781 (several)*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20 (several)*, 21 (2)*, 22 (2)*, 29 (2)*, 44 (few)* 45 (many, mostly large)*, 46 (many)*, 47 (several)*, 48 Caprella geometrica Continued. (i male)*, 51 (2)*, 58 (i very small)*, 87 (i small)*. Eggs observed in the brood pouch, July 15; ma turing embryos found toward the end of the month. J. P. McMurrich in Marine Biologi cal Laboratory card catalogue. Caprella linearis Linnaeus. Holmes, 1905, p. 526 (not listed for local waters); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 78 (not listed for local waters). Dr. Kunkel thus identifies specimens taken by Mr. Edwards in surface tow at Woods Hole, on several occasions in October and November, 1905; likewise upon gulfweed and driftwood in Vineyard Sound. Caprellidce sp. sp. Species of this family (doubtless in the main Caprella geometrica and . Eginella longicornis) were taken at many points in Vineyard Sound, and occasionally iri Buzzards Bay. It is nec essary to list them as undetermined since these two species were at first confused in the records. For this reason the relative distribution of the two forms unfortunately can not be accurately portrayed. Fish Hawk stations: 7545 (few), 7551 (many), 7552 bis ?, 7553 bis (i), 7557, 7560 (many), 7568, 7581 (few), 7585 (i), 7591 (i), 7598 (many). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 16 (2 on Bugula), 20 (abundant among red algae), 21 (few on algae) , 22 (few on algae), 33 (i), 36 (few) 44 (abundant), 45 (abundant on red algae), 46 (abundant), 47 (common), 48, 51 (common on red algae), 55 (several on Bugula), 57 (few), 58 (several), 67 (many), 74 (i), 82 (i), 134 (few). Amphipods unidentified. Fish Hawk stations: 7580, 7678, 7718, 7728. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 21, 156. Order ISOPODA.& Family Tanais cavolinii Milne Edwards. Harger, 1879, p. 162 (Tanais mttatus); 1880, p. 418 (Tanais mttatus); Bumpus, iSgSb (Tanais vittaius); Richardson, 1901, p. 501; 1905, p. 8 (no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1903, p. 34 (no local records). Woods Hole, on Bureau of Fisheries pier; Eel Pond; Vineyard Haven on piles. Osburn. Found on piles, among algae; also in eelgrass. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) \vere b We have followed Prof. Holmes in retaining this name, to Caprella acutifrons Latreille. j Tanais cavolinii Continued. According to Bumpus this species was found locally with eggs in various stages of develop ment early in August. Osburn records the occurrence of unhatched eggs, as well as free- swimming young, during the latter half of July. Leptochelia savignyi (Kroyer). [Chart 103.] Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, PP- 573> 38i> etc. (Tanais filum) , Harger, 1879, p. 162 (Leptochelia algicola); 1880, p. 421 (Leptochelia identified by Dr. R. C. Osburn. Mayer assigns specimens from "Woods Hole, examined by him 6 5 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Leptochelia savignyi Continued. algicola); Richardson, 1901, p. 504 (Leptochelia dubia); 1905, p. 26; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 35. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound. Harger, Rich ardson. Eel Pond, Hadlcy Harbor, Vineyard Haven. Osbum. A few inshore stations along eastern shore of Buzzards Bay; likewise near shore of Sound in vicinity of Woods Hole ; chiefly taken at depths of 6 fathoms or less, on various bottoms. Survey. Common on piles, among ascidians and hydroids. Harger. Like wise found on algae and celgrass, and living freely at surface. Phalarope stations*: 4 (i), 5 (few), 6 (few), 83, 87 (several), 100 (i), 108, 117 (many among algae), 118 (common), 132 (many), 141 (few). Family ANTHURIMJ. Cyathum carinata (Kroyer). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 572, 426 (Anthura brunnea); Harger, 1879, p. 162 (An- thura polita); 1880, p. 398 (Anthura polita); Richardson, 1901, p. 508; 1905, p. 63; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 36. Vineyard Sound. Harger. Tarpaulin Cove, Head of Lagoon Pond, West Falmouth Har bor. Osburn. Sand or sandy mud, between tides or just below low-water mark. Ptilanthura tennis Harger. Harger, 1879, p. 162; 1880, p. 406 (sp. nov.); Richardson, 1901, p. 508 (Anthura tennis); 1905, p. 66; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 35 (An thura tennis). Waquoit, in sand at low water, September 8, 1875. Harger. Calathura branchiata (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 573, 511 (Anthura branchiata); Harger, 1879, p. 162 (Pamnthura branchiata); 1880, p. 402 (Paran- thura branchiata); Richardson, 1901, p. 59; 1905, p. 72; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 36 (spelled brachiata). Vineyard Sound. Harger, Richardson. Rare south of Cape Cod. Harger. Family CIROLANID<E. Cirolana concharnm (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 572,746,42.6, etc. (Conilera concharum); Harger, 1879, p. 161; 1880, p. 378; Richardson, 1901, p. 513; 1905, p. 95; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 36. Woods Hole Harbor, sometimes very common. Vineyard Sound, Eel Pond. Harger. Musk- keget Channel. Rathbun. Fish Hawk sta tion 7533 (i), and Phalarope station 80 (i). Cirolana concharum Continued. Reported for May and August as well as mid winter. This isopod is a scavenger, and may sometimes be taken in great numbers in winter from dead fish. V. N. Edwards. It has been drawn into the water supply of the Woods Hole hatchery in sufficient numbers to block up the cocks. Family CYMOTHOID.B. Nerocila munda Harger. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571 (sp. nov.); Harger, 1879, p. 161; 1880, p. 392. Richardson, 1901, p. 528; 1905, p. 223; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 38. Woods Hole and Vineyard Sound, a few speci mens recorded by Harger. Buzzards Bay traps, near Woods Hole; Menemsha Bight. Osburn, Linton, Wilson, Edwards. A rather uncommon external parasite on various fishes. First recorded by Harger from the dorsal fin of the large file-fish " Ceratacanthus aurantiacus" (=Alutera schoepfii). Dorsal fin of Mustelus canis, August 26, 1893. (F. R. Lillie, in Ma rine Biological Laboratory card catalogue. Listed as Nerocila sp.). Found by C. B. Wil son on the pectoral fin of a remora; another found by V. N. Edwards on the same species; 2 reported by Osburn from A lutera schoepfii, at base of dorsal fin ; another taken from cheek of butterfish. Livoneca o-valis (Say). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 572, 477; Harger, 1879, p. 162; 1880, p. 395; Richardson, 1901, p. 531; 1905, p. 263; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 38. Vineyard Sound; taken from a bluefish near the gills; likewise in one case from scup. Harger. Woods Hole. Richardson. Family Limnoria lignorum (Rathke). Gribble. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571, 379, etc.; Harger, 1879, p. 161; 1880, p. 373; Rich ardson, 1901, p. 532; 1905, p. 269; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 39. Of general distribution along the coast, and abundant locally. This species burrows into solid wood to the depth of about half an inch, often being "so numerous as to reduce the wood to mere series of thin partitions between the holes. . . . Where abundant it will destroy soft timber at the rate of half an inch or more every year." Harger. According to Q. Andrews (cited by Harger), this species has likewise been observed to attack the gutta- percha of submarine cables. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 659 Family SPH^BROMID/E. Sph&roma quadridentata Say. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, P- 5^9> 3 J 5I Harger, 1879, p. 161 (S. quadridentatum); 1880, p. 368 (S. quadridentatum); Richardson, 1901, P- 533 ! J 95> P- 2 8i; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. , 39 Vineyard Sound, along the shores, under stones, and among algae. Harger. Beach near Fort Phoenix, under stones and on peat bank be tween tides. (Collected by Cole, identified by Osburn.) Family IDOTHEID^ Chiridotea ctzca (Say). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 340, etc. (Idotea caeca); Harger, 1879, p. 159; 1880, P- 33 8 ; Richardson, 1901, p. 539; 1905, p. 353; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 40. Vineyard Sound, occurring on moist sand flats and burrowing like moles beneath the surface of the sand, raising it up into little ridges as they go along. Harger. Woods Hole, Tar paulin Cove. Richardson. Katama Bay, Lagoon Pond, Muskeget, abundant at low water. Osburn. West Falmouth Harbor. Cole. Phalarope station 34 (Sound shore of Cuttyhunk): i adult.* Also recorded from a muddy beach and taken by Mr. Edwards in surface tow. About 40 specimens of this isopod were taken by Mr. Edwards from the stomach of a flounder, and one from the stomach of a puffer. ? Chiridotea tuftsii (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569 (Idotea Tuftsii); Harger, 1879, p. 159; 1880, p. 340; Richardson, 1901, p. 539; 1905, p. 354; M. J. Ratlibun, 1905, p. 40. No local records, although this region lies within the known range of the species. Idothea metallica Bosc. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 439 (Idotea robusta); Harger, 1879, p. 160; (Idotea robrista); 1880, p. 349 (Idotea robusta); Bumpus, i8g8b (Idotea robusta); Richardson, 1901, p. 541; 1905, p. 362; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 41. Taken very frequently in Vineyard Sound, either swimming freely or clinging to eelgrass or gulf- weed. Fish Hawk stations (probably coming from sur face)*: 7699 (i), 7703 (i), 7735. Phalarope stations (likewise probably from sur face)*: 2,104. Idothea metallica Continued. Bumpus records the occurrence of specimens with eggs July 17 and August 12. Osbum re ports that on July 6 (1904) a few females carry ing eggs or young in the brood pouch were taken; great numbers of young about 5 milli meters long and some older ones were likewise found upon the gulf weed. Idothea baltica (Pallas). [Chart 104.] Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 316, etc. (Idotea irrorata); Harger, 1879, p. 160 (Idotea irrorata); 1880, p. 343 (Idotea irrorata) , Richardson, 1901, p. 540 (Idotea marina); 1905, p. 364; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 40 (Idothea marina). Of practically universal distribution locally, along shores, and on the surface, among eel- grass, rockweed, and sargassum; sometimes taken in great numbers. Occasionally brought up in the dredge while operating at depths as great as 13^2 fathoms; in these cases perhaps they were actually taken near the surface. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (2), 7525 (i), 7557 (i). 77 1 ? W. 7734- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 33 (i adult), 44 (few), 45 (few), 47 (several), 49 (i), 51 (many in algas), 104. Osburn records that on July 9, the larger females all seemed to have released their young; only the smaller females were still found bearing eggs or young. Oil July 5, specimens 5 to 8 mm. long were taken. A specimen 10 mm. long was taken by C. B. Wil son from the gillsof a sand shark. Its presence here was, however, probably accidental. Idothea phosphorca Harger. [Chart 105.] Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569, 316, etc. (Idotea phosphorea, sp. nov.); Harger, 1880, p. 347; Richardson, 1901, p. 541; 1905, p. 367; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 41. Abundant and generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound, though much more prevalent in the western half; in Buzzards Bay only re corded from a few stations near the mouth. Survey. Dredged in i to 17 fathoms, on bot toms of sand, gravel and stones (rarely mud). Taken, also, along shore among weeds; likewise at surface, and on bottom at various depths; recorded by Dr. Osburn from gulfweed. Fish Hawk stations: 7536 bis, 7551 bis, 7552 bis (i). 7553 bis (i), 7557 (i), 7560 (i), 7563 bis (i), 7564 bis, 7582 (i), 7583 (i), 7672 (i), 7685 (7), 7698 (2), 7699 (i adult and many young), 7700 (i young), 7701 (several), 7702 (2), 7703 (2), 66o BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Idothea phosphorca Continued. 7704 (2), 7706 (adults and young), 7707 (adults and young), 7717 (i), 7718 (3 small), 7719 (2), 7720 (i adult and i young), 7721 (several adult and young), 7722 (i adult and i young), 7724 (*)< 77 2 5 ( J ). 77 2 7 ( J small), 7728 (several), 7729 (i). 773 (several), 7731 (several), 7732, 7745. 7765, 77 6 7- Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 (i), 15 (i), 20 (young), 22 (few), 26, 27 (few), 28 (i with eggs), 30 (i), 32 (several), 33 (several young and i adult with eggs), 34 (common), 36 (few), 37 (i with eggs), 38 (few), 44 (abundant), 45 (several), 46, 47 (several), 48, 51 (i in alga?), 55 (several), 56 (few), 57 (few), 58 (common), 59 (i), 64 (i), 65 (i), 67 (several), 73 (few), 77 (i), 82 (2), IOo(l), III (2), 112, IIJ. A few with eggs taken July 6. Osburn. Recorded in food of haddock. Richardson. Edotca acuta Richardson. Richardson, 1901, p. 544; 1905, p. 395 (not listed for this region). Bay shore of Pasque Island, at Phalarope station 83, i specimen thus identified by R. C. Osburn. Edotea triloba (Say). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571, 370, etc. (Epelys trilobus); Harger, 1879, p. 180 (Epelys trilobus]; 1880, p. 358 (Epelys trilobus); Richardson, 1901, p. 545; 1905, p. 396; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 42. Vineyard Sound. Harger, Richardson. Muddy shores, creeping about over the mud or among decaying vegetable matter, usually covered tip with adhering dirt. Harger. Edotea montosa (Stimpson). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 571, 316, etc. (Epelys moniosus); Harger, 1879, p. 161 (Epelys montostis); 1880, p. 359 (Epelys mon iosus); Richardson, 1901, p. 545; 1905, p. 397; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 42. Vineyard Sound. Harger, Richardson. Fre quents muddy bottoms and is concealed by the coating of mud which always adheres to the rough back. Harger. Head of Lagoon Pond. Osburn. Recorded by the latter ob server as "common in coarse sand and ooze, just below low tide." Taken by Mr. Ed wards in surface tow at Woods Hole, October 15 and October 28, 1905. Five stations at western end of Vineyard Sound and mouth of Buzzards Bay; 6 to 13 fathoms, on bottoms of sand and mud. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7710 (i), 7725 (i), 7728 (i), 773 (i)- Phalarope station 78 (2)*. Erichsonella attenuata (Harger). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, P- 57 37 etc. (Erichsonia attenuata, sp. nov.); Harger, 1879, p. 160 (Erichsonia attenuata); 1880, p. 356 (Erichsonia attenuata); Richardson, 1901, p. 543; 1905, p. 400; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 41. This species has previously been listed only from New Jersey and Connecticut. "Found cling ing to eelgrass in muddy situations. " Harger. Taken by Cole at Wareham River, August 16, 1906.* Erichsonella filiformis (Say). [Chart 106.] Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 570, 316, etc. (Erichsonia filiformis); Harger, 1879, p. 160 (Erichsonia filiformis); 1880, p. 355 (Erichsonia filiformis); Richardson, 1901, p. 543; 1905, p. 401; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 42. Vineyard Sound. Harger, Richardson. Found on shore, among eel-grass and algae, and down to 7 fathoms. Harger. Nantucket Sound. Richardson. Lagoon Pond, on algas. Os burn. Distribution pretty general in Vine yard Sound and Buzzards Bay, particularly at inshore stations; dredged in i to 19 fath oms, on various bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7532 bis, 7537 bis (few), 7552 bis (2), 7554 bis, 7613 (i), 7614 (i), 7656, 7 6 57 (i). /673 (i). 7677. 7 6Sl (2 young), 7682 0). 7 6 95 77 (i). 77 01 (2). 77 2 2 (i). 77 2 5 (0. 7728 (several), 7729 (several), 7730 (2), 7744 (i adult), 7751, 7768, 7769. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (several adult females with eggs), 5 (2 females with eggs), 8 (few), 9 (i), n (i), 16 (several), 20 (3 females), 22 (few females) , 23 (few females), 24 (few), 25 (few), 30 (i), 32 (i), 33 (i female with, eggs), 34 (i), 45 ( ) 46 (i), 48, 51 (few in algae), 52. 53 (i). 55 (few), 57 (i), 63 (i), 67 (several), 82 (i), 86, 87 (common), 108, in, 112, 116 (i), 128 (i), 129, 134 (i), 135. Females with eggs and young in the brood pouch reported July 6. Osburn. Family JANIRID^. Jcera marina (Fabricius). Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, P- 57 J > 3 I 5> etc. (Jceraccpiosa); Harger, 1879, p. i^8(Jcera albifrons); 1880, p. 315 (J&ra albifroyis); Bum- pus, 1898 b (Jcera albifrons); Richardson, 1901, p. 554; 1905, p. 450; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 43 (Jcera albifrons). Woods Hole, on Bureau of Fisheries pier; Vine yard Sound; Vineyard Haven, on piles. Rocky shores, under stones, nearly up to high- water mark; on piles, in crevices, under bark, a For the most part identified by R. C. Osburn. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 66 1 Jasra marina Continued. or in the burrows of Limnoria; a very common species, though completely lacking in the dredging records. McMurrich (cited by Bumpus) found this species breeding from middle of June till the first week in September (i. e., as long as observed). Osbum records eggs and young in the brood pouch July 14 and July 31. Family BOPYRID^B. ? Phryxus abdominalis (Kroyer). Harger, 1879, p. 158; 1880, p. 312; Richardson, 1901, p. 577; 1904, p. 58; 1905, p. 501; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 48. "Off Marthas Vineyard, on Pandalus leptocerus and .5. \Spirontocaris] liljeborgii"; parasitic on the abdomen of these shrimps. Richardson. It is quite likely that these specimens were taken far beyond the limits of the region. lone thompsoni Richardson. Richardson, 1904, p. 75 (sp. nov.); 1905, p. 508; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 49. North Falmouth, on Callianassa stimpsoni, two specimens collected by Mr. G. M. Gray. Stegophryxus hyptius Thompson. Thompson, 1902, p. 53 (sp. nov.); Richardson, 1904, p. 59; 1905, p. 532; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 48. Edgartown; also dredged in Cataumet Harbor, at Phalarope station 142 (i specimen)*; like wise recorded from below-named localities. Parasitic on the hermit crab, Pagurus longi- carpus. "About 1.5 per cent of the crabs at Great Harbor were thus infested (1892) and from 3 to 4 per cent of those at Hadley Harbor. Stegophryxus hyptius Continued. . . . The female parasite occurs on the abdo men of the hermit, to which it is attached back downward, by its mandibles and legs. The male is found on the posterior part of the mar- supium of the female." Thompson. Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard). Richardson, 1904, p. 66 (Probopyrus palamone- ticola); 1905, p. 554; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 49. Acushnet River, on Palcemonetes vulgaris. Family ONISCID.S. Philoscia vittata Say. Verrill and Smith (Harger), 1873, p. 569; Harger, 1879, p. 157; 1880, p. 306; Richardson, 1901, p. 565; 1905, p. 605; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 45- Vineyard Sound, under rubbish below high- water mark. Harger. Family SCYPHACID^E. Scyphacella arenicola Smith. Verrill and Smith 1873, p. 568, 337, etc. (sp. nov.); Harger, 1879, p. 157; 1880, p. 307; Richardson, 1901, p. 576; 1905, p. 671; Rath- bun, 1905, p. 47. Nobska Beach and Nantucket. Harger. Ram Island, in the sand. Richardson. Family LIGYDID^E. ? Ligyda oceanica (Linnaeus). Richardson, 1905, p. 685; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 47- "Off Newport," perhaps beyond limits of the region. Order CUMACEA. Family BODOTRUD^E. Cyclaspis -uarians Caiman. Caiman, 1912, p. 610 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound, surface, 1875 and 1881; Woods Hole, surface, 1882 and 1885; many specimens taken. Leptocuma minor Caiman. Caiman, 1912, p. 616 (sp. nov.). "Vicinity of Woods Hole; U. S. F. C., . . . i female. "- Caiman. This record probably relates to a specimen taken in Vineyard Sound, at Phalarope station 33. Family ? Eudorella hispida Sars. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 115; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 30; Caiman, 1912, p. 621. No strictly local records for this species given by any of these writers. Eudorella truncatula (Bate) S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 116 (Eudorella pusilla); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 31 (Eudorella pusilla); Caiman, 1912, p. 620. Off Vineyard Sound Lightship, 16 fathoms, many females and young. Caiman. 662 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Eudorellopsis deformis (Kroyer). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 116; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 31; Caiman, 1912, p. 623. Off Vineyard Sound Lightship, 16 fathoms, i female. Caiman. Family DIASTYUD^E. Diastylis sculpta Sars. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. in (D. sctilptus); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 31; Caiman, 1912, p. 657. Vineyard Sound, at the surface, in July, August, and September, mostly females or young; males rare; adult males taken by V. N. Ed wards in April and May. Smith. Low water to 60 fathoms. Rathbun. Woods Hole, sur face, i female. Caiman. 1 Diastylis quadrispinosa Sars. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 554, 507; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 112 (D. qiiadrispinosus}\ M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 32; Caiman, 1912, p. 658. Off Marthas Vineyard in 18 to 23 fathoms, on muddy bottom; Vineyard Sound, off Tar paulin Cove, 10 to 12 fathoms. Smith. Vine yard Sound, 18 fathoms, and neighboring parts of the ocean. Caiman. Diastylis abbreviata Sars. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 113 (D. abbreviates) ; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 32. No definite local records, though this region lies within the range of the species as stated by Smith. Diastylis polita Smith. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 108 (Diastylis politus, sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 33; Caiman, 1912, p. 655. Vineyard Sound, at surface, in January, March, April, May, July, and December; females with eggs in May. Smith. Seven to ten fath oms. Rathbun. Woods Hole, several lots re corded for February, April, and May. Cai man. Oxyurostylis smithi Caiman. Caiman, 1912, p. 667 (sp. nov.). The type of this species was taken at Woods Hole in surface tow, by V. N. Edwards, May 6, 1906. Specimens identified by Dr. Caiman were taken at Woods Hole and vicinity in 1881 and 1882; also December, 1903, October, Novem ber, and December, 1904, and April and May, 1906. Undetermined species belonging to this order are frequently taken in the local tow by Mr. Edwards, sometimes in considerable numbers. Order STOMATOPODA. Family CHLORIDELUD^E. LysiosquiUa armata Smith. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 29. "From stomach of flounder, southwest of Gay Head, 17 to 27 fathoms (determination doubt ful);" Vineyard Sound, in 1882, one speci men. Rathbun. LysiosquiUa scabricauda (Lamarck). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 29. " Vineyard Sound, surface," September 13, 1875. Chloridella empusa (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 551, 369, etc. (Squilla empusa); Bumpus, i8g8b (Squilla); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 29. Adults comparatively rare locally. This species inhabits muddy shores and bottoms; "prob ably it usually burrows in the mud below low- Chloridella empusa Continued. water mark." Smith. Occurs down to 12 fathoms. Rathbun. Smith records one from the stomach of Palinurichtkys perciformis , taken at Woods Hole. Recorded by Miss Rathbun from Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay and Acushnet River. One adult specimen taken by Mr. Edwards in a fyke net in Great Harbor, December, 1908; another sent from Edgartown in same month. Mr. Gray, of the Marine Biological Laboratory supply department, is obliged to send to dis tant points for this species, being unable to obtain it locally in sufficient numbers for laboratory purposes. Bumpus records that the young are occasionally taken in the tow net during August. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 66 3 Order SCHIZOPODA. Family EUPHAUSIID^E. Thysanoessa inermis (Kroyer). 3. I. Smith, 1879, p. 91. (Thysanopoda inermis); M. J. Rathbun, 1903, p. 26 (Rhoda inermis) . Vineyard Sound, on surface; in two successive years recorded as abundant in January. Smith. Meganyctiphanes norvegica (Sars). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 89 (Thysanopoda norvegica); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 26 (Nyctiphanes nor vegica). (No local records given by either of these writers.) Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7609, 25 fath oms, gravel and shells (dredged by the Survey, identified by M. J. Rathbun). Essentially pelagic. Smith. Surface and deep water. Rathbun. Family MYSID/E. Michtheimysis stenolepis (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 531, 370, etc. (Mysis stenolepis, sp. nov.); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 103 (Mysis stenolepis); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 27 (Mysis stenolepis). Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, "shallow bays and coves about Vineyard Sound;" abundant locally among eelgrass; also dredged in a few fathoms among algse; recorded for January, April, May, July, September, and December. Smith. "Ovigerous sacs" filled with eggs and young in December, January, and April. Smith. Schizopoda undetermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7572 (i), 7583 (i), 7718. Phalarope stations: 3, 83. Great numbers of schizopods, doubtless representing several species, have for many years past been taken by Mr. Edwards in the tow at the local pier. It has thus far been impossible to find anyone willing to identify these. Order DECAPODA.a Palizmonetes vulgaris Continued. Eggs deposited latter part of May, and early eggs found on June 20. Bumpus. Not breeding in September, according to Thompson. Larvae excessively abundant in the tow during July and August. Bumpus. Paltzmon tenuicornis (Say). On gulfweed, Menemsha Bight, August 28, 1906*, 34 specimens; western part of Vineyard Sound, September 5, 1906*, 7 specimens. The first records for New England. Neomysis americana (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 552, 370, etc. (Mysis americana sp. nov.); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 106 (Mysis americana) , M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 27 (Mysis americana). Among eelgrass and algae along shore and swim ming freely at the surface ; taken in a dredge lowered to 25 fathoms, though probably caught on the way up. Smith. This writer gives records for its local occurrence during winter, spring, and summer. Recorded from stomachs of summer flounder, window-pane flounder, shad, mackerel, and herring. Heteromysisformosa Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 553, 396, etc. (sp. nov.); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 101; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 28. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Nantucket Sound; surface to 18 fathoms; sometimes abundant, hidden within a dead shell of Spisula or other bivalve. Smith. Vineyard Haven and eastern end of Vineyard Sound* (identified by M. J. Rathbun.) All the specimens examined by Smith were taken in August and September and a large proportion of these were females carrying eggs and young. Family Palamonetes vulgaris (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 550, 339, etc.; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 88; Bumpus, iSgSa, iSgSb; Thompson, 1899; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 25. Of general distribution in suitable places. A shore-dwelling species, very abundant in the eelgrass, in salt or brackish waters. Recorded from Woods Hole Harbor, at surface, Katama Bay, Menemsha Bight, Tisbury Pond, Tarpau lin Cove, Wareham River, Fort Phoenix. The Eel Pond, at Woods Hole, is the chief local source of supply. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Miss M. J. Rathbun. 664 BULLETIN OK THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family PANDALID/E. Pandalus montagui Leach. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 550, 493 (Pandalus annulicornis); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 87; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 24. Vineyard Sound, in deep water off Gay Head; also off Buzzards Bay in 25 fathoms. Smith. Taken at Menemsha, in trawl, by V. N. Ed wards, July 12, 1875. Rathbun. Western end of Vineyard Sound , at Fish Hawk station 7678*; i young specimen. Pandalus leptocerus Smith. S. I. Smith, 1881, p. 437 (sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 25. (No local records given by either of these writers). Taken at 8 stations in western part of Vineyard Sound; likewise at Crab Ledge, 7 to 25 fath oms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7570 (i)*, 7580 (i), 7581 (i), 7584 (i), 7593 ( ). 7595 (i). 759 (i)> 7609 (2)*, 7681 (i)*. Family HIPPOLYTID^. Latreutes ensiferus (Milne Edwards). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 121 ; 18823; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 21. A Gulf Stream species, drifted into local waters with the sargassum. First recorded locally by Smith, who reported it from Vineyard Sound, August and September, 1875, probably generally present upon the gulf weed. Taken in October, 1905, and especially abundant in 1906, when it is likely that hundreds of speci mens were brought into the laboratory. Hippolyte zostericola (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 550, 369, etc. (Virbius zostericola, sp. nov.); Bumpus, i8g8b (Virbius zostericola); Thompson, 1899 (Virbius zoster icola) , M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 21. Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole. Falmouth, Had- ley Harbor, Quisset Harbor. Rathbun. Ka- tama Bay; also taken in tow at the local pier in the fall and winter. Common among eel- grass, even in waters somewhat brackish. Re corded from Fish Hawk station 7762. Found by F. P. Gorham carrying eggs in all I stages of development from the ist of June to | the ist of September, the period of incubation j being about two weeks. Bumpus. Thomp son records finding females with advanced eggs on September 1 1 . Spirontocaris grcenlandica (Fabricius). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 22 (no local records). Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7608, i speci men*. 9 Spirontocaris liljeborgii (Danielssen). M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 22. Off Marthas Vineyard and Nantucket, from 25 fathoms down (perhaps not strictly to be in cluded in the present list). Spirontocaris pusiola (Kroyer). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 550, 395, etc. (Hip- polyte pusiola); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 77 (Hip- polyte pusiola); Bumpus, 1898 (Hippolyte pusiola); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 24. Vineyard Sound and off Nantucket; rocky, grav elly, and shelly bottoms, 2 to 12 fathoms. Smith. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7604, i specimen*. Taken with eggs in March. Bumpus. Family CRAGONID.E. Crago septemspinosus (Say). [Chart 107.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 550, 339, etc. (Cran- gon I ulgaris); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 56 (Cran- gon Tiulgaris); R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 817 (Cran- gon milgaris), Bumpus, 1898 (Crangon vul- garis); Thompson, 1899 (Crangon vulgaris); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 19. A species of very general distribution, under a great variety of conditions; found throughout both the Sound and the Bay, on all kinds of shores and bottoms from low-water mark to the greatest depths within the region; also fre quently taken in tow from the Bureau of Fish eries pier. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (2)*, 7522 bis (i small r, 7523 bis (few), 7524 (few), 7525 (few), 7525 bis (few), 7528 (few, largest i inch), 7535 bis (2)*, 7536 (2 small), 7536 bis, 7537 (several)*, 7537 bis (few)*, 7538*, 7538 bis*, 7541 (few), 7541 bis*, 7543 bis*, 7547 bis (several)*, 7549 bis*, 7550 (i), 7553 (2, i with eggs), 7554 (few small), 7554 bis*, 7559 (2 small), 7560 (few), 7564 (i), 7567 (i), 7570 (2 small), 7575 (i), 7576 (i small), 7577 (i), 7578 (i), 7581 (2 small), 7582, 7583 (2), 7584 (few), 7585 (many, some with eggs), 7593 (few), 7611 (many with eggs)*, 7612 (many)*, 7613 (many)*, 7614 (with eggs)*, 7616 (i)*, 7617 (with eggs)*, 7618*, 7619*, 7622 (many with eggs)*, 7623 (many)*, 7624 (some with eggs)*, 7627 (2)*, 7634 (i)*, 7637 (several)*, 7638*, 7641 (sev- BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 66 5 Crago sepiemspinosus Continued. eral)*, 7643*, 7644 (i)*, 7645 (i)*, 7653 (few)*, 7654*, 7655 (i)*, 7657 (few, 2 with eggs)*, 7660 (with eggs)*, 7661*, 7662*, 7663 (with eggs)*, 7672 (i)*, 7673 (with many eggs)*, 7675*, 7676, 7677 (2 with eggs), 7678 (19), 7679 (i), 7680(1), 7681 (several), 7682 (several), 7685 (few), 7687, 7689 (several), 7697 (i), 7698 (few), 7699 (several), 7700 (few), 7701 (many), 7702 (few), 773 (4), 774 (few), 7705 (few), 7706 (many), 7707 (few), 7708 (few), 7709 (few), 7710 (2), 7717. 77i8 (few), 7719 (few), 7722 (i), 7725(1), 7726 (several), 7727 (many), 7730 (i), 7731 (7), 7734(i). 7760. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 4 (i), 5 (i), 8 (i fragment), 9 (2), 13 (several with eggs), 15 (several with eggs)*, 19*, 23*, 24 (i), 25*, 29 (few)*, 33 (several with eggs)*, 37*, 48 (with eggs)*, 49*, 50*, 51 (several, some with eggs)*, 5 2 *. S3. 55 (many with eggs), 65 (2), 67 (i)*, 69 (several), 71 (i), 72 (few), 73 (few)*, 75 (2)*, 78 (2), 79 (few), 80 (several), 81 (many), 82 (very common), 83 (many), 84, 85, 89, 90, 93 (i), 100 (i small), 101 (few), 103, 104, 108 (sev eral), 109 (many with eggs), no, in (few), 113, 114, 115 (common), 116, 117 (several), 118 (few), 122 (few), 123 (i), 127 (i), 129 (common), I 3 (3). I 3 I (few), 133 (i), 134 (several), 135, 137 C 1 ). J 38 (i), 139 (few), 140 (i), 145 (i), 149 (i), 150(1). Reported by Bumpus as breeding in March. Egg-bearing females are common throughout the summer, one being reported by Thompson as late as September 19. Collected as food in the neighborhood of New Bed ford, according to R. Rathbun, 1884. An im portant item in the food of fishes. Recorded by Verrill and Smith in the stomach contents of the following species: striped bass, white perch, kingfish, bonito, sea robin, toadfish, haddock, tomcod, summer flounder, window- pane flounder, herring, hickory shad, Raja Itzvis (?). Family Peneus brasiliensis Latreille. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 551 (Pentzus brasili ensis; no local records); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 19 (Penizus brasiliensis). Katama Bay, i specimen. Rathbun. Tisbury Pond, October 18, 1906; i specimen, taken by V. N. Edwards. Family HOMARID^. Homarus americanus Milne Edwards. The Ameri can lobster. [Chart 108.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549, 313, etc.; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 55; Herrick, 1895, p. 1-252; 1902, p. 161; 1911, p. 149-408; Rathbun, 1905, p. 18. Lobster fishing by means of "lobster pots" is conducted extensively in Woods Hole Harbor and in various parts of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, at Menemsha Bight, and many other points in the region. Recorded by the survey from scattered stations through out Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms on bottoms of sand, mud, and gravel. Lobsters come in toward shore in the spring, retreating to deeper waters in the fall. Fish Hawk stations: 7618 (i, 5 inches long), 7645 (i claw), 7654 (i fragment), 7661 (i, 6 inches), 7662 (i, 10 inches), 7687 (3 small), 7689 (2), 773 (i). 777 (i young). 7724 (2), 77 2 8 (many medium sized), 7730 (several), 7731 (2), 7757 (i), 7762 (i young). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 (i frag ment), 7 (fragment), n (i young), 50 (i dead), 83 (r fragment). According to Herrick, the mature female lobster as a rule lays eggs once in two years; the egg- laying season at Woods Hole reaches its height during the latter part of July, though a consid erable percentage spawn during the fall and winter. Those eggs which are extruded in July are carried on the abdominal appendages of the female until the following May or June, when they hatch. Food: fish (which is sometimes taken alive), Crustacea (chiefly crabs and isopods), small gastropods, algae, echinoderms (starfish and sea urchins), and hydroids. "While the lob sters are great scavengers, it is probable that they always prefer fresh food to stale." Her rick. On the other hand, the lobster is preyed upon by various fishes, among which the smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) must be given an important place. "In fact every preda- ceous fish which feeds upon the bottom may be looked upon in general as an enemy of the lobster. Herrick. 666 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family AXIIDJB. f Axlus serratus Stimpson. S. I. Smith, 1881, p. 435; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 17. No strictly local records, though this region lies within the known range of the species. Naushonia crangonoides Kingsley. Kingsley, 1895, p. 95 (sp. nov.); Thompson, 1903, p. i; G. M. Gray, in "Biological Notes" (Bul letin U. S. Fish Commission for 1899); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 18. Only two adult specimens of this decapod are recorded. The type was collected by H. C. Bumpus on Naushon Island; the second was found by G. M. Gray about 10 inches deep in the sand, on the shore of Ram Island, in July, 1899. The second specimen was a female with eggs (July 22); zoese reported as common in the summers of 1901 and 1902 by Thompson, who succeeded in rearing these to an advanced stage. Family CALLIANASSID^E. Callianassa stimpsoni Smith. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549, 369, etc. (sp. nov.; no local records); Bumpus, i&gSb; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 17. Ram Island, Devils Foot, Hadley Harbor, North Falmouth, West Falmouth. G. M. Gray. Inhabits muddy shores and bottoms, in shal low water; a burrowing species. Miss Rath- bun furnishes the following early Fish Com mission records: Weepeckets, 1875; Buzzards Bay, 1881-, Vineyard Sound, 1882, 1883; Woods Hole, 1879, 1884; Naushon, 1886, 1887. Dredged by the Survey near the mouth of Buz zards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7674,* and in the eastern part of Vineyard Sound, at Phala- rope station 12 (latter a fragment). According to Bumpus, this species was found with eggs on July i and again on July 13 (the latter segmenting); others with advanced embryos July 18. Upogebia affinis (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549, 368, etc. (Gebia affinis), Bumpus, i898b (Gebia affinis); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 17. Woods Hole, head of Buzzards Bay. Rathbun. Ram Island, Monument Beach (abundant). G. M. Gray. Occurring on muddy shores or muddy sand and digging deep burrows near low- water mark. Found with advanced eggs on July 2 5 . Bumpus. Family Emerita talpoida (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 338, etc. (Hippo, talpoida); Mead, 1898, (Hippa talpoida); Bum- pus, 18983, i&cj&b (Hippa talpoida); Thomp son, 1899 (Hippa talpoida); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 16. Abundant at Nobska Beach, Cataumet Harbor and Scraggy Neck. Sandy shores at low- water mark, and sandy bottoms in shallow water; an active, burrowing species. Reported by Mead and Bumpus as without eggs in April and May ; found to carry them during the latter part of June and throughout July. Many females still bore eggs on July 31. Sum- ner. J. S. Kingsley (Marine Biological Labora tory card catalogue) reports zoeae in the tow on August 5, and F. P. Gorham (cited by Bumpus) on August 9. Family PAGUKTTWB. Pagurus pollicaris Say. [Chart 109.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 313, etc. (Eupa- gurus pollicaris); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 14; Sumner, 1910, fig. 25. Distribution pretty general throughout Vine yard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 17 fathoms, on quite various bottoms. Taken also in shallow water along shore e. g., at Nobska Point and Tarpaulin Cove. This species, locally, is mainly found in the shells of Polynices heros and P. duplicata; sometimes in Basycon canaliculatum, B. car- ica, and Littorina litorea. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (i in Polynices heros), 7523 (i), 7524 (about 10), 7526 (2), 7530 (few), 7530 bis (2), 7534 (several in Polynices shells), 7537 (several), 7537 bis (i in P. tieros), 7538 (several), 7542 (many in Polynices), 7543 (few), 7543 bis (several in P. heros), 7546 (sev eral large), 7546 bis (in P. heros), 7547 bis (in P. heros), 7549 bis (several in P. heros), 7550 (few), 7551 (few), 7552 (few), 7554 (several), 7556 (few), 7557 (few), 7558 (many), 7559 (few), 7560 (i), 7561 (few), 7562 (several), 7563 (many, allsizes),7564bis(ilargeinP. heros), 7565 (few), 7S 6 9(i), 7S74(few), 7576 (few), 7579 (few), 7590 (2). 7595 (i), 7598 (i large), 7599 (i), 7615 (i in P. duplicata), 7617 (in Buscyon canaliculatum), 7621 (few), 7622 (fragments of large ones), 7627 (i in B. carica), 7632 (i), 7637 (i in P. heros), 7638 (2), 7648 (i), 7652 (i), 7654 (i), 7660 (i in Busycon carica), 7661 (2 in P. duplicata), 7676 (i in Polynices), 7678 (3), 7702 (i large), 7703 BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 667 Pagurus pollicaris Continued. (i), 7710(1), 7728(1), 7732 (i), 7734(2), 7735, 7736 (several), 7739 (several), 7740 (several), 7753(i). 7757 (i), 7759 (2), 7760 (several), 7762 (many), 7766 (few), 7767 (few), 7768 (i), 7769 (few), 7770 (i), 7772 (2), 7773 (2), 7774 (2), 7777 (several), 7778 (several), 7779 (i small), 7780 (i), 7781 (several), 7783 (several). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (inP. heros), 5 (2 in Polynices and Littorina), 7 (2), 13 (i), 17 (i in P. heros), 18 (i in Littorina), 22 (com mon in Littorina), 53 (i small), 61 (several in P. heros). 64 (i), 68 (2 large), 71 (many in Lit torina), 73 ( i in P . duplicata) , 74 (2), 75(1 dead), 89 (i claw), 98 (2), 107, 109, 112, 130 (i), 135, 136 (i), 145 (common), 148 (common), 149 (abundant), 158 (i in B. canaliculatum) . Reported by Smith from the stomach contents of the tautog and "fog-fish." Pagurus acadianus Benedict. [Chart no.] Verrill and Smith, 1873,^5. 548, 501 (Eupagurus Bernhardus); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. ^(Eupagu rus bcrnhardus); Benedict, 1901, p. 454 (Pagu rus acadianus, nom. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 15; Sumner, 1910, fig. 27. Vineyard Sound, in deep water. Smith. Almost exclusively confined locally to the western third of Vineyard Sound, where it is common; common also at Crab Ledge; dredged in 6 to 20 fathoms; sand, gravel, and shells. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7563 (few small), 7567 ( in Polynices shell), 7569 (i), 7578 (i), 7582 (i), 7583 (i), 7584 (2), 7585 (i in Polynices shell), 7592 (many in Polynices shells), 7594 (several in Polynices shells), 7603 (many), 7604 (i), 7605 (2), 7606 (several), 7607 (3), 7608 (those from Crab Ledge in shells of Bttccinum undatum, Sipho sp., Chysodomus decemcostatus, Polynices, and Scalaria), 7664 (i), 7676 (few), 7677, 7678 (several), 7680 (many, mostly large), 7681 (many), 7682 (few), 7686 (i), 7698 (several, i with eggs), 7699 (several), 7701 (several), 7702 (many), 7703, 7706 (many), 7707 (many), 7708 (many), 7709 (few), 7717 (2), 7718 (several), 7719 (many, i with eggs), 7720 (few), 7722 (i), 7724 (i young), 7725 (i), 7726 (several), 7727 (2), 7730 (several), 7731 (few), 7734 (several), 7736 (several), 7740 (i). Phalarope stations: 52 (2 small), 57 (i), 59 (com mon), 66 (i). Pagurus longicarpus Say. [Chart in]. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549, 313, etc. (Eupa gurus longicarpus); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 47 (Eupagurus longicarpus) ; Bumpus, iSgSa (Eu- Pagurus longicarpus Continued. pagurus longicarpus); Thompson, 1899, 1903, (Eupagurus longicarpus); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 15; Sumner, 1910, fig. 24. A littoral species of extreme abundance, occur ring on every sort of shore and bottom, and down to considerable depths; sometimes found in waters which are somewhat brackish. Dredged by the Survey at all depths and on all kinds of bottom, both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Locally the shells of Littorina litorea, Ilyanassa obsoleta, and Tritia tri-aittata are the ones chiefly occupied by this species, though almost any receptacle of the right size maybe employed, even the shell of Crepidula fornicata or the tube of Cistenides gouldii. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 (few), 7526 (few), 7530 bis (several In Tritia trivittata) , 7531 bis (few), 7532 (relatively few), 7532 bis (i), 7533 bis (in Littorina), 7534, 7534 bis (in Urosalpinx), 7535 (few), 7535 bis (in Anachis), 7536 bis (several in Polynices triseriata), 7537 (several), 7537 bis (few), 7538 (several), 7541 (comparatively few), 7541 bis (many), 7542 (few), 7542 bis (few), 7543 (many), 7543 bis (2), 7544 (few), 7545 bis (several in Vrosalpinx), 7546 (i), 7546 bis (in Tritia), 7547 bis (many), 7549 (few), 7549 bis (many), 7550 (few), 7550 bis (few), 7551 bis (few), 7552 (few), 7553 (many), 7553 bis (many) 7554 (numerous), 7554 bis (many), 7556 (few), 7557 (few), 7558 (few), 7559 (few), 7560 (few), 7561 (few), 7563 (many), 7564 bis (many small), 7565 (few), 7565 bis (i in Urosalpinx), 7567 (few), 7568 (few), 7569 (few), 7571 (sev eral), 7572 (few), 7576 (few), 7578 (many), 7580 (many), 7581 (few), 7582 (few), 7583 (few), 7584 (few), 7585 (few), 7586 (few), 7587 (few), 7589 (i), 7591 (i), 7592 (few), 7596 (i), 7598 (few), 7599 (i in small Polynices shell), 7601 (i), 7602 (many), 7605, 7611 (few in Tritia), 7612 (sev eral with P. duplicata), 7613 (in Littorina lito rea), 7615 (in P. duplicata, L. litorea, and Tritia), 7616 (many in P. triseriata, L. litorea, and Tritia), 7617 (many), 7618 (many in Tritia), 7619 (many), 7620 (many), 7621 (many), 7622 (sev eral in Busycon carica), 7623 (in Tritia), 7624 (many), 7625 (many in Tritia), 7626 (many in Tritia), 7627 (many in P. duplicata and Tritia), 7628(few), 7629 (manyin Tritia), 7630 (several), 7632 (several in P. duplicata), 7633 (few), 7634 (many), 7635 (few), 7636 (several in Littorina), 7637 (many), 7638 (many in Urosalpinx), 7639 (i in P. duplicata), 7640 (several), 7641 (many), 668 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Pagurus longicarpus Continued . 7642 (i), 7643 (many), 7644 (few), 7645 (many), 7648 (several), 7651 (in Tritia), 7652 (i), 7653 (many), 7654 (few), 7655, 7656 (several in Tritia ), 7657 (many), 7658, 7660 (many), 7662 (several), 7663 (several), 7664 (several), 7667 (few), 7671 (many), 7672 (few in Tritia), 7673 (many), 7674 (few in Tritia), 7675 (many; i in P. heros), 7676(2 in Tritia), 7677 (i in Polynices; i in Tritia), 7679 (several), 7680 (several in Polynices), 7681 (several), 7683 (i), 7685 (2), 7686 (2), 7696 (2), 7700 (i in Tritia), 7701 (i in Tritia), 7702 (i), 7703 (several), 7704 (i), 7706 (several), 7707 (several), 7708 (several), 7709 (i), 7717(1), 7718 (2), 7722 (i), 7723 (i), 7724 (many), 7725 (i), 7726 (several), 7728 (sev eral), 7730 (few), 7731 (several), 7732 (several), 7736, 7737 (i). 7739 ( f e w ). 774 (few), 7741 (several), 7748 (i), 7749 (i), 7751 (2), 7752 (i), 7753 (several), 7754 (several), 7755 (several), 7756 (i), 7757 (several), 7758 (several), 7759 (several), 7760 (few), 7761 (many), 7762 (i), 7764 (several), 7766 (few), 7767 (few), 7769 (several), 7770 (several), 7772 (several), 7774 (many), 7775 (i), 7776 (few), 7777 (several), 777 8 ( T )i 77 8 (several), 7781 (several), 7782 (few). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few in Trilia), 3 (many), 5 (few in Tritia, 6 (few), 7 (many in Tritia), 8 (common), 9 (common), io(few), ii (common in Tritia), 13 (common), 14 (few), 17 (several in Tritia), 19 (common; with eggs), 20 (i), 22 (common), 23 (common), 26, 28 (in Tritia), 29 (few), 30 (few), 33 (sev eral), 35 (i in Tritia), 48, 49 (i), 50 (i), 52 (many), 53 (many), 55 (few), 57 (few), 58 (i), 59 (few), 60 (few), 61 (several), 63 (few), 64 (in Anachis, P. triseriata, P. immaculate?; Sipho, Euplcura, and many in Tritia; females with eggs), 65 (many in Tritia), 66 (several), 67 (sev eral), 68 (many in Tritia and Littorina), 70 (few), 71 (many), 72 (several), 73 (several), 74 (few), 76 (few), 77 (few), 78 (many with eggs), 79 (few), So (many), 81, 82 (common), 83 (com mon), 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93 (common), 94 (young, common in tubes of Cistenides gouldii), 95, 98, 99 (few), ioo(living), ici(few), 103,104, 107 (many), 108, 109, no, in (few), 112, 114, 115 (common), 117 (few), 118 (common), 121 (com mon), 122 (many), 123 (common), 124 (com mon), 125 (common), 126 (few), 128 (common), 129 (abundant), 130 (common), 131 (few), 132, *33 (in Eiipleura), 134 (common), 135, 137 (common), 138 (common), 139 (few), 142 (com- Pagutus longicarpus Continued. mon), 144 (several), 145 (common), 147 (com mon), 148 (common), 150 (several), 152 (few), 153 (few), 154 (few), 155 (several), 158 (many). "Bearing well-developed eggs, May 9." Bum- pus. With eggs till September 13. Thompson. Devoured by various fishes, which swallow the crab bodily with its shell. Pagurus pubescens Kroyer. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 549 (Eupagurus pubes cens); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 47 (Eupagurus pubescens); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 15. (None of these writers record this species definitely for the region.) Vineyard Sound, 1881, 2 specimens, bearing eggs July 20. Rathbun. Dredged by the Fish Hawk off No Mans Land in 28 fathoms (thus not strictly within the region). Pagurus kroyeri Stimpson. S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 48 (Eupagurus kroyeri; not listed south of Cpe Cod); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 16 (no specific local records, though its range, as stated, would include this region). Common at Crab Ledge in 17 to 25 fathoms, dwelling in the shells of Scala and Polynices. Survey. Fish Hawk Stations: 7603* (few), 7604 (i), 7607 (i?), 7609* (2). ?Pagurus politus Smith. M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 16 (not listed for region). A specimen of this species was found by Miss Rathbun among Survey material from Tarpau lin Cove, in i fathom of water. It seems pos sible that either the specimen or the label had been shifted, for this has been known only as a deep-water species. Pagurus annulipes (Stimpson). [Chart 112.] (Not listed by Verrill and Smith!). Thompson, 1899, (Eupagurtis annulipes); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 16; Sumner, 1910, fig. 26. Abundant and of general distribution through out Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, with the exception of the deeper waters of the west ern end of the Sound, where this species ap pears to be wanting in just the area occupied by P. acadianuf. Survey. Dredged in 2 to 1 7 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, most com monly inhabiting the shells of Anachis atiara. Nantucket Sound. Rathbun. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (many), 7523 (many), 7524 (few), 7525 (few), 7527 (many), 7530 (few), 7530 bis (many in Anachis), 7531 bis (few), 7532 (many), 7532 bis (few), 7533 bis BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 669 Pagurus ann-ulipcs Continued. (several), 7534,7535 (few), j^^bis^n Anachis), 7537 ( man y), 7537 bis (many in Anachis), 7538 (many), 7539 bis (i in Anachis), 7541 (compara tively few), 7541 bis (many), 7544 (few), 7545 (few), 7545 bis (in Anachis), 7547 (compara tively few), 7547 bis (in Anachis), 7549 (many), 7549 bis (many), 7550 bis (few), 7551 bis (few in Anachis), 7552 (few), 7553 bis (many), 7554 bis ( J )> 7557 (3 minute), 7560, 7563 (few), 7565 bis (i in Anachis), 7589 (i), 7602 (i in Turbo- nilla sp.), 7612 (several in Anachis), 7613 (sev eral), 7615 (i), 7618 (in Tritia), 7621 (i), 7623 (in Eupleura), 7630 (several), 7632 (few), 7633 (few), 7634 (few), 7635 (few), 7640 (few), 7644 (many), 7648 (several), 7649 (i), 7651 (3), 7653 (many), 7654 (many), 7655 (few), 7660 (many in Anachis), 7661 (few), 7663 (few in Anachis), 7671 (many), 7672 (few), 7673 (few in Tritia), 7674 (few), 7675 (few), 7689 (i), 7730 (several), 7731 (few), 7733 (several), 7734 (i small), 7738 (many), 7741 (few), 7744 (common), 7745 ( J ), 7746 (common), 7748 (many), 7749 (many), 7750 (many), 7751 (i small), 7752 (few), 7753 (few), 7754 (many small), 7755 (few small), 7756 (few), 7757 (many), 7758 (many), 7759 (very many), 7760 (common), 7764 (few small), 7765 (i), 7766 (many), 7767 (many), 7768 (few small), 7769 (several), 7770 (several), 7772 (several), 7774 (i), 7776, 7777 (few), 7778 (many), 7779 (few small), 7780 (i), 7781 (many in Astyris), 7782 (several), 7783 (few). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many in Anachis), 2 (many in Anachis), 3 (many), 4 (few in Anachis), 5 (many in Anachis), 7 (many in Anachis), 8 (many), 9 (several), 10 (com mon in Tritia), u (common in Tritia), 13 (common), 14 (common), 15 (common), 17 (many in Anachis), 18 (in Anachis), 19 (few in Tritia), 20 (common), 22 (common), 23 (com mon), 25 (few), 28 (few), 29 (few), 30 (few), 32 (few), 33 (i), 34 (i), 52 (few), 53 (few), 55 (few), 59 (few), 61 (i), 62 (several), 63 (sev eral), 65 (i in Anachis), 66 (few), 67 (i in An achis), 68 (few in A nachis), 69 (in Vermicularia), 70 (i), 71 (several), 72 (i), 74 (many), 75 (i very small), 76 (many in Anachis and Vermicu laria), 77 (many; i in Tritia), 78 (in Anachis), 79 (few), 80 (2), 81 (common), 82 (common), 83 (several), 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 (sev eral), 95, 98, 101 (few), 102, 103, 106, 107 (few), 108, 109, no, 112, 114, 115 (common), 117 (few), 118 (few), 122 (many), 123 (common), 125, 128 (few), 129 (common), 132 (in Urosal- Pagurus annulipes Continued. pinx), 134 (several), 135, 136, 137 (few), 138 (few), 144 (common), 145 (few), 146 (few), 147 (few), 148 (common), 149 (few), 150 (in Seila terebralis), 153 (i). Found by Thompson to be bearing eggs early in September. Family PORCELLANID^E. Polyonyx macrocheles (Gibbes). Faxon, 1879, P- 2^6(Porcellana (Polyonyx) macro cheles); S. I. Smith, 18823,; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 14. Adult taken once by A. Agassiz at Newport under stones on shore; the zoes swarmed at the mouth of Narragansett Bay in August, 1878. Faxon. One specimen*, in possession of Mr. Gray, was collected by Dr. D. H. Tennent on Devils Foot Island, June 10, 1903, where it was found in a Ch&topterus tube. Family CALAPPID.E. Calappaflammea (Herbst). S. I. Smith, i882a (Calappa marmorata); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 13. Smith records the capture of two young speci mens at Ram Island, under stones at low water, in 1875 and 1878. Miss Rathbun men tions the taking of the megalops at Woods Hole at the surface, July 16, 1886. An adult taken in Eel Pond, September 24, 1897 (identified by R. P. Bigelow). Family PARTHENOPID^E. Heterocrypta granulata (Gibbes). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 415; M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 12. Vineyard Sound, off Falmouth, near Suconesset Lightship. Smith. Three stations in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound (7533 bis, 7545 bis, 7769), 7 to 15 fathoms, sand and gravel; one specimen taken by tangle near Sound shore of Naushon; another dredged near West Island, Buzzards Bay. Survey. Mr. Gray reports its occurrence "off Nobska," and Mr. Edwards states that in former years it was not uncommon in Buzzards Bay off West Fal mouth . Family INACHID^E. Hyas coarctatus Leach. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 43; M. J. Rathbun, 1893, p. 69; 1905, p. n. (None of these writers report this species from points within the limits of the region.) 670 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Hyas coarctatus Continued. Crab Ledge (5 stations), western end of Vineyard Sound (6 stations); dredged in iota aofathoms, only twice at lesser depths, on bottoms of sand and gravel. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (many)*, 7604 (few), 7606 (few), 7607 (several small), 7608 (few), 7689 (i)*, 7700 (i)*, 7706 (i)*, 7717 (i)*, 7718 (i). Phalarope station: 32*. Pelia mutica (Gibbes). [Chart 113.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 548, 395, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1893, p. 89; 1905, p. 89; Bumpus, Rather common in Vineyard Sound, chiefly in eastern half; a few scattered stations in the Bay; dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, on sand, gravel, and stones. Survey. Woods Hole Harbor, on local pier. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (i male, 2 females: i with eggs), 7530 bis (x), 7531 bis (i), 7532 (i), 7533 bis (?i), 7536 (several), 7538 (i), 7538 bis (i with eggs), 7541 bis (i), 7543 (i), 7544 (i), 7546 (i), 7547 b; s (i with eggs), 7550 bis (i), 5751 bis (few), 7552 (i), 7565 bis (i very small?), 7613 (i with eggs), 7639 (r), 7689 (i with eggs)*, 7758*. 7759*. 7767*, 7768*, 7778 (i) 7782*. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 9 (i with eggs), 14 (i), 16 (i with eggs), 22 (i with eggs), 24 (several with eggs), 25 (few with eggs), 26 (i), 32 (2 with eggs), 34 (i), 36 (i), 62 (i), 63 (few), 67 (i with eggs), 69 (few small), 74 (i), 86, 113 (i ovigerous female), 117 (i), 134 (i), 141 (2). Bumpus reports the occurrence of eggs in early embryonic stages during the first week in July. Libinia emarginata Leach. [Chart 114.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 368, etc. (Libi nia canaliculata) , S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 45; M. J. Rathbun, 1892, p. 235; 1905, p. 12. Abundant and almost universally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Found everywhere on muddy shores and flats. Large specimens are taken in great abundance in the local fish traps and lobster pots, 135 specimens being found on one occasion in a single lobster pot. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (i small), 7522 bis (i small), 7523 (i very small), 7523 bis (2 small), 7524 bis (i small), 7527 (i young), 7530 bis (i), 7532 bis (several small), 7533 bis (fdw), 7534 (several small), 7535 (few small), 7535 bis (few small), 7536 (several), 7537 (several small), 7537 bis (few), 7538 bis (i), 7541 (several small), 7543 (several large), 7543 bis (many large), 7544 Libinia emarginata Continued. (few small), 7545 (few small), 7345 bis (several small), 7546 (i small), 7547 (very few small), 7547 bis (several), 7549 (few), 7549 bis (few), 7550 (i), 7550 bis (few), 7551 (several small), 7553 (i small), 7553 bis (2), 7554 (2), 7554 bis (2), 7558 (few), 7561 (few small), 7563 (many small), 7564 (several small), 7564 bis (numer ous, small), 7565 bis (i), 7570(1 small), 7573 (i), 7578 (i small), 7581 (2 small), 7592 (i small), 7610 (several large and small), 7611 (several large), 7612, (several), 761.3 (i), 7614 (2 large), 7616 (i), 7617 (i large), 7618(1 small), 7619(2 large with eggs, i small) , 7620 (several large and small), 7621 (few), 7622 (i large), 7623 (i large and i small), 7624 (few, i large), 7625 (several, i large), 7626 (several), 7627 (2 large), 7629 (i), 7630 (i small), 7632 (several large and small), 7633 (several), 7634 (few females, i with eggs), 7637 (several), 7638 (several large), 7646 (i), 7648 (i), 7652 (i large), 7653 (several alive), 7654 (several large), 7656 (several large and small), 7657 (many large), 7660 (few), 7661 (several), 7662 (few), 7663 (few), 7671 (i small), 7672, 7674 (few), 7675 (few), 7677 (few small), 7679 (i small), 7680 (i young), 7681 (2 young), 7682 (2 young), 7689 (2), 7697 (i young), 7698 (several), 7699 (small, young), 7700 (several small), 7701 (5 young), 7702 (several), 7703 (several small), 7706 (few small), 7707 (i small) 7708 (several small), 7709 (several small), 7710 (5 small), 7718 (several small), 7724 (many young), 7725 (3 young), 7726 (many young), 7728 (4), 7729 (3), 7730 (many small), 7731, 7735 (yong). 773<> (2 medium), 7739, 7740 (3), 774i, 7749, 7751 (i), 7752, 7755, (i), 7757 (i large and i medium), 7759 (7), 7760, 7761, 7762 (very many, large and small), 7763 (many large), 7765 (i large), 7766 (i), 7767, 7768, 7769, 7770, 7776 (i large), 7777, 7778, 7780, 7781 (several large and small), 7782, 7783 (2 large). Phalarope stations: i (many small), 2 (few small), 3 (few small), 5 (few small), 7 (i small), 8 (few), jo (few), n (several), 13 (2), 18 (i), 24 (2 young), 30 (few small), 34 (i living, large), 52 (several small), 53 (several small, i with eggs), 59 (few), 62? (i), 63? (few), 64 (i very small), 65 (i very small), 67 (i small), 68 (i small), 70(1), 71 (several), 72 (several large), 73 (few), 74 (sevefal), 76 (few), 77 (2), 78 (few small young), 79 (few young), 80 (few young), 81 (few young), 82, 83, 84, 90, 104 (i young), 107 (i), 108 (i), no (i), 114 (i half grown), 115 (young), 116 (2), 118 (several), 122 (i young), 125 (i young), 129 (i), 131 (i dead), 132 (sev eral), 134 (several small), 140 (i young), 142 (i young), 157 (i large). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 6 7 I Libinia dubia Milne Edwards. Verrill and Smith, 1873! p. 548, 368; M. J. Rath- bun, 1892, p. 237; 1905, p. 12. Woods Hole (abundant in 1882); Buzzards Bay, in 7 fathoms; Mattapoisett Harbor. Rathbun. Locally, at least, this crab is nearly or quite restricted to very shallow waters, and is sel dom, if ever, taken by larger vessels with the dredge. Libinias of all sizes were collected from 17 different stations in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound during the summer of 1907, and from 16 stations in 1909, but not one speci men proved to be L. dubia (unless certain very small ones were referable to that species) though this was especially sought for. During the regular Survey dredging, the species was recorded from Fish Hawk stations 7678, 7725, and 7738, but these specimens, it is believed, were all immature, and the determinations are very questionable. Libinia dubia is, however, common in shallow water at North Fal- mouth, having been taken there by Mr. Gray and by our own collectors. One speci men was taken by Dr. Cole near Dumpling Rock Light, another by Mr. R. I. Hall in the Eel Pond at Woods Hole. Family CANCRID^E. Cancer irroratus Say. Rock Crab. [Chart 115.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 312, etc.; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 38; R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 766; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 9. Abundant and generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound, and to a lesser extent in Buz zards Bay; several stations at Crab Ledge; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Survey. Common along shore, un der rocks, or buried in the sand. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (i very small), 7523 bis (3) 7S 2 4 bis (few), 7525 bis (several small), 75 2 9. 753 1 bis (2), 7532 bis (few small), 7533 bis (many small), 7534 bis (several small), 7535 (several small), 7535 bis (few small), 7536 (i), 7537 (i small male), 7539 bis (i), 7541 (many small), 7541 bis (i), 7542 (i small), 7543 (i small), 7543 bis (few), 7544 (few small), 7545 (few small), 7546 (few small), 7546 bis (2), 7547 bis (several small), 7549 (few small), 7550 (2), 7550 bis (i), 7551 (several very small), 7551 bis (few), 7552 (few small), 7553 (few), 7553 bis(i), 7554 bis (several), 7555 (many large), 7556 (many large), 7556 bis (several), 7557 (several, very small), 7558 (many), 7560 (i very small), 7562 (i large), 7563 (few small), 7564 (many large), 7564 bis (numerous small), 7566 (i 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 9 Cancer irroratus Continued. small), 7570 (2 large, several small), 7571 (many large and small), 7573 (few large), 7574 (i), 7576 (few small), 7577 (few small), 7578 (several large and small), 7579 (i), 7580 (i), 7581 (several large and small), 7582 (several medium), 7583 (i small), 7584 (few large and small), 7585 (i small), 7586 (i small), 7589 (2 small), 7591 (few small), 7592 (many large and small), 7593 (few), 7594 (few large), 7595 (few small), 7598 (i very small), 7599 (many large and small), 7600 (i small), 7602 (few small), 7603 (i small), 7604 (i small), 7607 (i large), 7611, 7616 (i small), 7618, 7622 (several small), 7626 (few), 7627 (2 small), 7637 (several small), 7639 (few), 7641 (few), 7647 (2), 7648 (several), 7651 (3), 7652 (2 small), 7653 (several), 7656 (several), 7659 (several, i with eggs), 7660 (few), 7661 (several), 7663 (several), 7664 (3), 7667 (2), 7671 (few large, many small), 7672 (few, mostly small), 7673 (several, especially small), 7674 (several, with eggs), 7675 (several), 7674 (4), 7 6 77 (about 6), 7678 (many), 7679 (many), 7680 (many large and small), 7681 (many large) 7682 (many large and very small), 7685 (2 young), 7686 (several large and small, 7687 (several medium), 7688 (4:1 small), 7695 (i very small), 7696, 7697 (several), 7698 (several) 7699 (many, adult and young), 7700 (several, large and small), 7701 (many large and small), 7702 (many large and small), 7703 (many large and small), 7704 (few), 7706 (many large and small), 7707 (many large and small), 7708 (many large and small), 7709 (many large and small), 7710 (few small), 7717 (few large and small), 7718 (few large and small; many me dium), 7719 (many), 7720 (very many large and small), 7721 (i), 7722 (i young), 7723 (i young), 7724 (few living), 7725 (3 young), 7728 (several), 7729 (2), 7730 (several), 7731 (few large and many small), 7732 (2 very small) 7733 (i small), 7734 (3 large), 7735 (i small), 7736 (i large), 7737 (i large), 7738 (several small), 7739 (2 medium, i small), 7743 (i claw), 7744 (few small), 7746 (i leg), 7749 (i), 7751 (2), 7752 (2 large, several small), 7753 (2 medium), 7755 (several small), 7757 (i me dium), 7758 (i), 7760 (few), 7761 (common, large and small), 7762 (many large and small), 7765 (i medium), 7767 (i), 7770 (i medium), 7772 (young), 7773 (i medium), 7775 (i small). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 4 (i large), 17, 22 (i small), 25 (2 small), 27 (2 small), 28 (i dead), 33 (i dead, several young), 34 (i old, several young), 35 (i small), 37 (i young), 38 6 7 2 BULLETIN OK THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Cancer irroratus Continued. (i small), 44 (i small), 45 (i small), 46 (several), 48 (2), 49 (2 small), 52 (many small), 53 (many small), 59 (6, many young), 60 (few small), 61 (i small), 63 (i small), 64 (few small), 65 (2 small), 66 (i), 68 (2 small), 70 (few small), 71 (several small), 73 (2), 74 (2 small), 75 (2), 76 (few), 77 (few), 79 (i), 81 (i small), 82, 84, 85, 102 (4 young), 104 (2 young), 107 (7), 112 (young), 113, 114 (young), 122 (i young), 127 (i small). Smith reports the zoese and megalops stages as being abundant in June and July. This crab is important as a food of fishes. Smith reports it from the stomachs of the striped bass, sea bass, tautog, kingfish, sea robin, goosefish, summer flounder, toadfish, dogfish, dusky shark, sand shark, common skate, Raja IcBtiis (?), Dasyatis centrum, and Myliobatis fremimiillei. This and the following species are on the market as food, though little or no fishery exists locally. Cancer borealisStimpson. Jonahcrab. [Chartu6.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546,395; S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 39; R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 769; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 9. Along the sandy beach of Marthas Vineyard, from Menemsha Bight to Gay Head; Cutty- hunk; No Mans Land. Smith. According to this writer there is a very pronounced dif ference in habit between C. borealis and C. irroratus, the latter concealing itself beneath rocks, the former remaining exposed. Fairly common at the western end of Vineyard Sound; a few scattered stations elsewhere. Survey. Dredged in 2 to 20 fathoms, more commonly at depths of 10 or more fathoms, on various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (i), 7537 bis (few small)*, 7574 (i), 7578 (i), 7599 (i small), 7608 (? i small), 7676 (2)*, 7678 (2)*, 7680 ( i young)*, 7701 (i young)*, 7704 (i large)*, 7717 (t large and i small)*, 7719 (i large)*, 7720 (i large)*, 7726 (i medium)*, 7728 (2)*, 7738 (i small)*, 7741*, 7759 (claw)*. Phalarope stations: 24 (i young), 28 (i dead), 30 (i fragment), 33 (i small), 59 (3), in (i)*, 117 (i young)*. Family PORTUNID^E. Carcinides mcenas (Linnseus). Green crab. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547,312, etc. (Car- emus granulatus) , S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 34 (Car- cinus mamas); Bumpus, 1898, iSgSb (Carci- nus granulatus); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 8. Carcinides maznas Continued, Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, and the vari ous connecting ponds and estuaries; very common in shallower waters, and under stones on shore up to high-water mark. Bumpus records the finding of females bearing eggs from March till June 25. Portunus sayi (Gibbes). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 121 (Neplunus sayi; not listed for this region); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 8. Found in company with Planes minutus upon the gulfweed which is drifted into Vineyard Sound during the late summer and fall, some times in great numbers. Especially abun dant during the summer of 1906. Females bearing eggs observed in August, Sep tember, and October. Portunus ordwayi (Stimpson). Two young specimens* taken from gulfweed collected by V. N. Edwards in Vineyard Sound, October 10, 1905. This is the only record for New England. Callinecles sapidus Rathbun. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 548, 367, etc. (Cal- linectes hastatus); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 33 (Cal- linectes hastatus); Thompson, 1899 (Callinectes hastatus); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 9. Great Pond, common. Muddy shores and bot toms and among eelgrass, particularly in brackish water. Not encountered in dredg ing, with the exception of one doubtful claw, dredged at Phalarope station 149, near head of Buzzards Bay. Arenacus cribrarius (Lamarck). Vineyard Sound, October 10, 1905; n young specimens*; Menemsha Bight, on gulfweed, August 29, 1906; 2 specimens*. Not pre viously recorded for New England. Ovalipes ocellaius (Herbst). Lady crab. [Chart 117.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 338, etc. (Platy- onichus ocellatus); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 33 (Platyonichus ocellatus); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 9. Western half of Vineyard Sound, common; dredged at a few points elsewhere, including a few stations in the Bay; 3 to 19 fathoms, almost exclusively on sandy bottoms. Sur vey. Common on the Bay shore, at the local bathing beach; recorded from Menemsha and Vineyard Haven. In general this species fre quents sandy shores and bottoms, burrowing BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 673 Ovalipcs ocellatus Continued. in the sand and lying with only the eyes and antennae exposed. Occasionally taken swim ming at the surface. Fish Hawk stations: 7543 (i), 7543 bis (2), 7546 (2 large, i small), 7547 bis (2), 7554 (several small), 7557 (i), 7562 (i large), 7566 (few small), 7567 (2), 7569 (4 large), 7570 (i), 7574 (i), 7575 (2), 7576 (i), 7584 (2), 7589 (3 large), 7590 (i), 7591 (several large), 7598 (i large), 7676 (3), 7679 (many), 7680 (several), 7681 (many), 7682 (i), 7698 (few), 7699 (several), 7700 (sev eral), 7701 (few), 7702 (several), 7703 (few), 7704 (2), 7705 (i), 7706 (several), 7708 (several), 7709 (several large), 7710 (i large), 7717 (3), 7718 (few), 7719 (several), 7721 (i), 7725 (sev eral), 7726 (several), 7727 (i), 7728 (several), 7729 (many), 7730 (few), 7734 (i), 7735 (i), 7761 (many, large and small), 7782 (i medium). Phalarope stations: 140 (i), 142, 150. Reported by Smith from the stomachs of the tautog, squeteague, and mackerel. Family XANTHID^E. Panopeus herbs tit Milne Edwards. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 472 (no local rec ords); Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 358; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 6 (Eupanopeus herbstii). Vineyard Sound, in 1875; Woods Hole, January 8, 1876; Newport. Rathbun. Bay shore of Pasque Island, at Phalarope station 84*; i young. Survey. Found in oyster beds, ac cording to Smith, "apparently . . . intro duced from farther south with the oysters. Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 312, etc. (Panopeus depressus); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 37 (Panopeus depressus}; Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 366 (Panopeus depressus); M. J. Rath- bun, 1905, p. 6. Vineyard Sound, 1875, 1882; New Bedford, 1882 (W. Nye, jr., collector). Rathbun. Thisspe- cies was listed by Verrill and Smith (1873) from nearly every sort of shore and bottom , as well as from piles and upon oyster beds, where it was said to be very abundant. These authors ap parently regarded P. depressus as even com moner locally than P. sayi. There is here apparently a confusion of species. Miss Rath- bun has not found a single undoubted specimen Eurypanopeus depressus Continued. of depressus among the very numerous crabs from the survey dredging collections which have been referred to her; and but a single specimen in a lot of panopeid crabs obtained at about a dozen different points along shore. This last was taken at Wareham River, on a muddy bank. Neopanope texana sayi (Smith). [Chart 118.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 312, etc. (Pan opeus sayi); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 37 (Panopeus sayi); Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 363 (Panopeus sayi); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 7. Very abundant in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound and the upper half of Buzzards Bay, though not confined to these regions; appar ently absent from the western end of Vineyard Sound. Survey. Dredged in 2 to 17 fath oms, on all sorts of bottoms. Very common, likewise, along shore, especially in muddy places, and on piles among alga:, etc. Re corded from Woods Hole Harbor, Nobska Point* and Beach*, Vineyard Haven*, Ed- gartown*, Katama Bay*, West Falmouth*, Scraggy Neck*, Fort Phoenix*, Round Hill Point*. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (i), 7522 (4 fe males, 4 males), 7522 bis (i), 7523 (2 very small), 7523 bis (few small), 7524 (i female, i male), 7525 (i female), 7525 bis (few), 7526 (2 females), 7527 (5 males and females, latter with eggs), 7530 bis (i), 7532 (6), 7534 bis (i), 7535(1), 7536 (i), 7537 (i male), 7538 bis (3), 7541 (i male), 7543 bis (few small), 7545 (i male), 7547 (few), 755 bis (i). 77S 1 bis (few), 7554 bis (i small), 7555 ( f ew), 7556 (many), 7564 (many), 7570 (i), 7572 (2), 7573 (many), 7610 (i), 7611 (2), 7612 (i small), 7613 (several)*, 7614 (i female with eggs and i small), 7615 (3), 7616 (i), 7618 (2, i with eggs), 7619 (several), 7620 (several small), 7621 (several), 7623 (few), 7624 (sev eral), 7625 (several), 7626 (i small), 7628 (many), 7629 (several), 7631 (many), 7632 (few), 7633 (few), 7634 (several), 7635 (sev eral), 7644 (i), 7645 (2), 7646 (i), 7647 (few), 7648 (few), 7651 (i), 7656 (i), 7659 (i), 7663 (i), 7697 (2), 7732*, 7737 (female with eggs)*, 7738 (i)*, 7749 *> 7750 (i), 7753*, 775$*, 7757*. 7758*, 7759 (female with eggs)*, 7762 (female with eggs)*, 7763*, 7764*, 7767*, 7768*, 7769*, 7772*, 7776*, 7777*, 7781*, 7783*. a In addition to those cases where the asterisk has been used, many specimens from stations 7697 to 7750 and 82 to 153 were re ferred to Miss Rathbun for identification. It is possible that in some cases this species was confused in the field with angus- tifrons or depressus. 674 BULLETIN Off THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Neopanope texana sayi Continued. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few), 2 (few), 3 (few), 5 (i), 6 (i), 8 (few), 10 (i), n (i), 15 (few), 17*, 24 (few), 25 (2), 26 (i small), 27 (i), 29 (few), 30 (few), 62 (i), 63 (few), 69 (few small), 70 (several small), 71 (several), 72 (several), 74 (i), 82 (i), 84, 85, 86, 87 (i), 107 (i female with eggs), 108 (n) in (i), 112, 114 (i), 116 (2), 117 (4 ovigerous females), n8 (7 ovigerous females), 121 (2), 123 (i), 124 (i), 125 (2), 127(1), 130(1), 132 (common, ovigerous female), 137, 138 (3 ovigerous), 139 (fragment), 141 (2), 142 (2 ovigerous), 144 (many), 145 (sev eral), 146 (several), 147 (several), 149 (many), 15 (3). I5 1 ( J )> I 5 2 (4), 153 (i). 154 (2 small)*, 157 (few living)*, 158 (i small) (?). Reported by Smith from the stomach contents of the sea bass (Centropristes), tautog and sea robin. Hexapanopeus angustifrons (Benedict & Rath- bun). Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 373 (Panopeus angustifrons, sp. nov.); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 7- Vineyard Sound, off East Chop, in 1887 (Fish Hawk stations 1205-1208); Nantucket Sound; Buzzards Bay. Rathbun. Buzzards Bay at Fish Hawk stations 7612*, 7628*, and 7639* ( 1907 repetitions), where this species was taken in company with Neopanope texana sayi. Also at Phalarope stations 84*, 144*, 145*, 147* (all likewise at Buzzards Bay). ? Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) . Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 547, 313, etc. (Pano peus harrisii); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 37 (Pano peus harrisii); Benedict and Rathbun, 1891, p. 378 (Panopeus harrisii); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 8. Rocky shores, "occasionally met with under stones, but lives rather higher up [than dcpres- susoi sayi] toward high- water mark ; found in brackish, even nearly fresh, water. Smith. No definite local records, though this region lies within the known range of the species. Family PINNOTHEKHXE. Pinnotheres ostreum Say. Oyster crab. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 438, etc.; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 5. Naushon, 1886. Rathbun. The female of this species is the familiar "oyster crab," and is doubtless frequently taken locally, though but one definite record exists. The male is free swimming, and has been taken at the surface in Vineyard Sound. Smith. Pinnotheres maculatus Say. Mussel crab. [Chart 119.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 309, etc.; R. Rathbun, 1884, p. 766; Bumpus, i&g&b; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 5. Buzzards Bay, in 1887 (Fish Hawk station 12 15). Rathbun. In Survey dredging, only recorded from Vineyard Sound; absence from Bay rec ords may, however, be due to our failure to ex amine the mussels. Males taken in tow at the local pier in July, October, and December*. Edwards. Like the preceding species, this crab lives commensally in bivalve mollusks. It is common in Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, and Pecten magellanicus . R. Rathbun states that from a bushel of the last species, taken off Newport, nearly a pint of the crabs were taken; while single specimens of Modiolus, examined by members of the Survey, have been found to contain as many as seven or eight crabs. The male, as with the preceding spe cies, is free swimming, though sometimes met with in the hosts. Fish Hawk stations: 7530 (2, with eggs, in Modi olus), 7555 (i in Mytilus), 7556 (many in My- tilus), 7561 (many of both sexes in Modiolus), 7563 (in Mytilus), 7564 (in Mytilus), 7565 (in Mytilus), 7583 (i large female, from Modiolus), 7598 (3 from Modiolus), 7679 (female with eggs), 7681 (3), 7732 (i), 7733 (4), 7737 (2 females and i male), 7758 (i). Egg-bearing females observed by F. P. Gorham from July 9 to August 29. Bumpus. Pinnixa chcetopterana Stimpson. S. I. Smith, 1882, p. 250; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, P- 5- Adults dredged in Buzzards Bay, young taken at the surface in Vineyard Sound. Smith. According to Smith this is by far the commoner of the two local species of Pinnixa. Woods Hole , Naushon. Rathbun. Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk station 7614 (1907 repetition), 2 speci mens. Survey. This crab inhabits the tubes of Chtztopterus pergamentaceus and of Amphi- trite ornata. One of the Pinnixas, believed to be this species, is fairly common on a shoal be tween Ram Island and Devils Foot. Four specimens were taken here with 13 Ch<ztop- terus by J. F. McClendon and C. B. Bennett. Pinnixa sayana Stimpson. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 367, etc. (Pin nixa cylindrica); S. I. Smith, 1882, p. 250; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 6. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay (dredged), living in the tubes of certain large annelids. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 675 Pinnixa sayana Continued . Smith. Buzzards Bay, in 1887, at Fish Hawk stations 1211-1221. Rathbun. Wareham River, at Phalarope station 154, 2 speci mens*. Survey . Reported by Smith from the stomach of the sum mer flounder. Dissodactylus mellitce (Rathbun). Sumner, 1909, p. 985. A single specimen was dredged July 29, 1908, in the vicinity of Fish Hawk station 7703,* along with large numbers of the "sand dollar" (Echinarachnius parma); another is recorded from Fish Hawk station 7579. Family GRAPSID^E. Planes minutus (Linnaeus). S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 120 (Nautilograpsus minu tus; not listed for this region); 18823 (Nau- tilograpsus minutus); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 4. Western part of Vineyard Sound, commonly on gulf weed; of variable abundance, depending upon the occurrence of the weed; recorded as very common during the summers of 1904 and 1906; not seen in 1907. Wareham River (doubtless a straggler). Rathbun. Recorded from August 9 to October 15. During August and September many of the females carry eggs. Sesarma reticulatum (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 546, 467, etc. (Sesar ma reliculata) ; M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 4. Wareham, Acushnet River. Rathbun. Ware- ham River*. Cole. Burrows in salt marshes and the banks of estuaries. Usually associated with Uca pugnax. Smith. Family OCYPODID^E. Ocypode albicans Bosc. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 545, 745, etc. (Ocy- poda arenaria); S. I. Smith, i882a (Ocypode quadrata); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. i. Ocypode albicans Continued. Only the megalops is known locally. This has been taken by V. N. Edwards in Vineyard Sound in September (Smith) and by J. S. Kingsley on August i (Marine Biological Labo ratory card catalogue). The adult burrows in sandy beaches, above high tide. Uca pugnax (Smith). Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 545. 3^7 etc - (Gelasi- mus pugnax); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 33 (Gelasi- mus pugnax); Bumpus, iSgSb (Gelasimus pug nax); M. J. Rathbun, 1903, p. i. Acushnet River, in 1882 (W. Nye, jr., collector.) Rathbun. Hadley Harbor, Wareham River*. Abounds in salt marshes and on the borders of estuaries, where it riddles the ground with its holes. Reported by Bumpus as breeding early in June. Uca pugilator (Bosc). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 545, 336, etc. (Gelasi mus pugilator); S. I. Smith, 1879, p. 33 (Gelasi mus pugilator); Bumpus, i8g8b (Gelasimus pugilaior); M. J. Rathbun, 1905, p. 2. Head of Woods Hole Harbor, Ram Island, Had ley Harbor. Wareham River*, Katama Bay*, Sippowisset. Rathbun. Inhabits sand or mud flats and beaches near high-water mark, including the shores of brackish waters. Breeds early in June. Bumpus. Uca minax (Leconte). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 545, 337, etc. (Gelasi mus minax); Bumpus, iSgSb (Gelasimus minax); M. J. Rathbun, 1905^.2. (Nodefmite local records published by any of these writers). Woods Hole, 1875; Wareham (U. S. Nat. Mus.); New Bedford, in 1882 and 1886 (W. Nye, jr., collector). Rathbun (MS. notes). This crab, according to Smith, " lives upon salt marshes, usually farther from the sea than the others, and frequently where the water is most of the time nearly fresh." Breeds early in June. Bumpus. Class INSECTA. A nurida maritima (Guerin) . Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 544, 331. Woods Hole; Nantucket. Verrill. Abundant at Nobska Point and doubtless many similar places, beneath stones, between tides, etc. Chironomus halophilus Packard. Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 539 4 J 5 (descrip tion by A. S. Packard). ! Chironomus halophilus Continued. " Full-grown larvae were dredged in 10 fathoms in Vineyard Sound, several miles from land, among compound ascidians (A. E. V.), and several young larvse were dredged in 8 to 10 fathoms in Woods Hole Passage, September 10 (A. S. P.)." BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. YerriU and Smith (1873, p. 540, 543) also list for local waters a larva which they refer to the genus Eristalis, "found in Vineyard Sound, among algse in April"; and another listed as "Molanna, species undetermined," which was "found in a ... tube . . . attached to the piles of a wharf, below high- water mark, at Menemsha Bight. " The following is a list of the species of insects taken by Mr. E. D. Congdon in brackish water at Great Pond and Tashmoo Pond, July and August, 1907. While these insects are not strictly marine in their habitat, it seems worth while to include this list in the present work. The species were identified by Messrs. Banks, Clemons, Currie, Heidemann, and Schwartz, of the United States National Museum. NEUROPTERA. Limnophilidx sp., larva. Tashmoo, Great Pond. ODONATA. jEschna, sp., larva. Great Pond. Anaxjunius (Drury), larva. Tashmoo. Sympetrum sp., larva. Great Pond. HEMIPTERA. Corixa burmeisterii Fieber. Tashmoo. Corixa harrissii Uhler. Great Pond. Gerris marginatus Say. Tashmoo. Mesovelia sp. (probably M . bisignata Uhler), nymph . Tashmoo. Notonecta undulata Say. Tashmoo, Great Pond. COLEOPTERA. Acilius fraternus Harris. Great Pond. Berosus peregrinus Herbst. Tashmoo. Bidessus discretus Sharp. Tashmoo. Cnemidotus muticus Leconte. Great Pond. Gyrinus sp., larvae. Tashmoo, Great Pond. Haliplus ruficollis De Geer. Tashmoo, Great Pond. Hydroporus sp., larvse. Tashmoo. Laccophilus maculosus Germar. Great Pond. Philhydrus perplexus Leconte. Tashmoo. Tropistcrnus glaber Herbst. Great Pond. Tropisternus nimbatus Say. Great Pond. Tropisternus sp., larvae and egg cases. Tashmoo, Great Pond. DlPTERA. Ceratopogon sp., pupa. Tashmoo. Chironomus sp., larvae. Tashmoo, Great Pond. Culicidte sp., larva. Tashmoo. Odo n torn ya sp., larva. Tashmoo. Tabanus sp., larva. Great Pond. Tetanocera sp., larva. Tashmoo. Chernes oblongus Say. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 544, 331. "Under stones near low-water mark at Woods Hole . . . several specimens were found to- Class ARACHNIDA. j Chernes oblongus Continued. gether. " Verrill and Smith. Juniper (But lers) Point. W. M. Wheeler, in Marine Bio logical Laboratory card catalogue. XIPHOSURA. Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus). . Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 580, 340; Butnpus, 1898; i8p8a; i8 9 8b. Common locally wherever physical conditions are favorable, e. g. , in Woods Hole Harbor, Katama Bay, Vineyard Haven, Menemsha Bight, West Falmouth Harbor. This animal frequents muddy and sandy shores and mud flats, below low-water mark, often burrowing a short dis tance below the surface. Occasionally dredged by the Survey, even at a depth of sev eral fathoms; in one case recorded from 12^ fathoms, though it it is not certain that this was a living specimen. Fish Hawk stations: 7633 (i living), 7779, 7780 (2 large). Phalarope stations: 138 (i dead), 140 (i dead), Limulus polyphemus Continued. Limulus disappears through the winter, reap pearing in the spring. Bumpus reports the taking of one at Waquoit as early as March 25 (1898); and Mr. Edwards reports that they first appeared in Narragansett Bay, at about the same day of the month in 1909. They begin to spawn in May, at which time they come to shore in great numbers, and are easily taken. A limited area at the head of Great Harbor has for years been a much frequented breeding ground. The spawning season seems to continue actively throughout part of June; and I. A. Field has observed paired individ uals at Menemsha Bight as late as July 17. The eggs are deposited in the sand, a short distance below the surface. Young from one-half inch to 2 or 3 inches long are found during the mid dle of August, and small tests are sometimes exceedingly abundant on the beaches. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 6 77 PYCNOGONIDA.O Family NYMPHOITOXB. Nymphon grossipes (Fabricius). F. B. Wilson, 1880, p. 491 (no local records). One specimen dredged by the Phalarope at Crab Ledge, in 15 fathoms, August 22 (?), 1902. Cole. Family AMMOTHEID^E. Tanyslylum orbiculare Wilson. [Chart 120.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 544, etc. (Pallene sp.); E. B. Wilson, 1878, p. 5 (sp. nov.); 1880, p. 471; Morgan, 1891; Bumpus, i&g&b; Cole, 1901. Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound, Vineyard Haven, occurring on piles; likewise taken in the dredge among ascidians and hydroids. Ver- rill. Numerous stations throughout length of Vineyard Sound; also in Quicks Hole and Rob insons Hole; none taken in Buzzards Bay; dredged in i to 15 fathoms, on sand, gravel, and stones. Survey. Fish Hawk stations*: 7521 bis (i), 7522 (many), 7522 bis (about 12), 7531 bis (i), 7535 (i), 7554 bis (2), 7560 (i), 7564 bis (i), 7594 (i), 7742 0). 7743 ( J ). 7745 (4). 7758 (several), 7759 (i), 7760(1), 7764 (2), 7765 (i). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations*: 13 (i), 15 (few on hydroids), 16 (i), 22, 27 (few), 51 (few on Crisia), 57 (few). With eggs in July, August, and September; abundant larvae found July i and later. T. H. Morgan. Family PALLENID<E. Pallene brevirostris Johnston. E. B. Wilson, 1878, p. 9 (Pallene empusa); 1880, p. 476 (Pallene empusa); Morgan, 1891 (Pal lene empusa); Bumpus, iSpSb (Pallene empusa); Cole, 1901, p. 196. Vineyard Sound, on Pennaria tiarella. Wilson. Bureau of Fisheries pier, Eel Pond. Morgan. Abundant in Eel Pond. Cole. Confined to shoaler water than Tanystylum and Anoplodac- tylus, and for this reason not so often taken in the Survey dredgings. One specimen dredged near Gay Head, at Blue Wing station 45*. Carries eggs in July, August, and September. Morgan. Family PHOXICHILIDIID/E. Anoplodactylus lentus Wilson. b [Chart 121.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 544, 415 (Phoxichil- idium maxillare); E. B. Wilson, 1878, p. 200 (Anoplodactylus lentus sp. nov.); 18783, p. 14; 1880, p. 482; Morgan, 1891 (Phoxichilidium maxillare); Bumpus, i8g8b (Phoxichilidium maxillare); Cole, 1901; 1906. Piers at Woods Hole and Vineyard Haven; found on piles between tides and down to consider able depths, usually among hydroids, algae, ascidians, etc.; a very common species, es pecially abundant in colonies of Eudendrium, upon the hydranths of which it feeds. Cole. Dredged almost exclusively in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound, where it is common; taken once off Penikese; 7 to 17 fathoms, chiefly on sandy and stony bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (i), 7527(4, i with eggs), 75 28 (i). 7532(0, 7537 (i) 7538 (2), 7538 bis (about 12), 7541 bis (i male with eggs), 7549 bis . (many males carrying eggs), 7550 bis (i male with eggs), 7551 bis (i), 7552 bis (2), 7553 bis (about 15), 7554 bis (i), 7565 bis (several, some with eggs), 7672 (i), 7755 (i adult female), 7758 (2 females, 3 males), 7759 (i male with eggs), 7760 (2 males with eggs, i female). . Phalarope station : 63 (i). Carries eggs from July to September 30. Morgan. Larvae probably parasitic in some hydroid. Family ENDEID^. Endeis spinosus (Montagu). Cole, 1910, p. 193. A species of Endeis [Phoxichilus] which was found abundantly, in association with Obelia dicho- toma, upon floating gulfweed in the western part of Vineyard Sound, can not be separated from this European species, though it differs so markedly in habitat. Collected July 5, 13, September 4, 19, 1904, October 15, 1905, August 22, 1906, October 8, 1906. (Collected by V. N. Edwards and J. A. Cushman, identi fied by L- J. Cole). Adult males (many bear ing eggs), females and young taken. Family PYCNOGONIDID.E. ? Pycnogonum littorale (Strom). E. B. Wilson, iSSo, p. 469. No local records, though this region is included within the known range of the species. It probably occurs, however, only in the deeper water outside the limits of the Survey. a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. L. J. Cole. & Norman ( Journal Linnaean Society, vol. 30, 1908. p. 204) has substituted the earlier name Anaphia (Say, 1821) for Anoplo" dactylus (Wilson, 1878). Since, however, Say s descriptions and figures were far from perfect, and it is by no means certain that the forms are congeneric, Dr. Cole has thought it advisable to retain the later name. 678 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OK FISHERIES. Phylum MOLLUSCA." Class PELECYPODA. Family Ostrea iiirginica Gmelin. Oyster. [Chart 122.] Gould, 1870, p. 202 (Ostrea mrginiana), p. 203 (0. borealis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 697, 310, etc. (Ostrea mrginiana); Ball, 1889, p. 32; Simmer, 1910, fig. 12. Oysters are raised in Wareham River, and in Wa- quoitBayandCotuitBayonCape Cod. Adult specimens have been found in Hadley Harbor (Edwards) and the young are occasionally met with in the vicinity of Woods Hole. Shells were dredged by the Survey in from 2 to 19 fathoms, being particularly common in the western end of Vineyard Sound, where they had probably been thrown overboard from passing vessels. Living specimens recorded from only two stations: once near the shore of Pasque Island (Bay side); again in Wareham River. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 bis (i shell), 7551 (i shell), 7557 (i shell), 7563 (few shells), 7566 (several shells), 7567 (few shells), 7568 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few shells), 7591 (few shells), 7592 (i shell), 7607 (i shell), 7623 (i shell), 7624 (i shell fragment), 7681 (i shell, eroded), 7683 (i shell), 7699 (i shell), 7701 (several shells), 7702 (2 shells), 7706 (few shells), 7707 (i shell), 7708 (several shells), 7717 (few fragments), 7718 (several worn shells), 7719 (few worn fragments). Phalarope stations: 83 (i living), 152 (i), 153 (i shell), 154 (several shells), 156 (several shells), 157 (many large shells and i living), 163 (i shell), 164 (few shells). Family ANOMIID^E. Anomia simplex d Orbigny. Jingle shell, gold shell, silver shell. [Chart 123.] Gould, 1870, p. 204 (Anomia ephippium), p. 205 (.4. electrica); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 696, 311, etc. (Anomia glabra); Call, 1889, p. 32. Distribution general throughout the region; almost equally abundant in the Bay and Sound. Shells dredged by the Survey in i to 25 fath oms, on bottoms of all kinds; living specimens taken in 2 to 9 fathoms, though comparatively seldom at these depths. Especially abundant near low-water mark, adhering to stones or to other shells. A nomia simplex Continued, Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7521 bis (manyshells), 7524015(1), 7526(1 shell attached to tube of Diopatra), 7528 (several shells), 7531 (i small shell), 7532 bis (i shell), 7533 (frag ment), 7535 (fragments), 7536 bis(2 shells), 7538 (fragment), 7542 bis (few shells), 7543 (few shells), 7544 (few shells), 7546 bis, 7547 bis (i shell), 7549 bis? (i fragment), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 (i shell), 7553 bis (few shells), 7554 bis (few shells), 7556 bis (many shells), 7557 (2 shells), 7562 bis (i shell), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis (few shells), 7564 (i), 7564 bis (few shells), 7565 (i shell), 7566 (several shells), 7567 (man) shells, few small living), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (few shells), 7569 bis (few shells), 7570 (i shell), 7575 (fragment), 7576 (i shell), 7577 (i shell), 7578 (i shell), 7579 (few shells), 7580 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7585 (sev eral shells), 7591 (several shells), 7592 (few shells), 7594 (few shells), 7596 (i shell), 7598 (few shells), 7603 (living, on Boreoscala grcen- landica), 7609 (i worn shell), 7610 (several shells), 7612 (fragment), 7613 (several shells), 7614 (few shells), 7615 (many shells), 7616 (several shells), 7618 (several shells), 7620 (abundant, shells), 7621 (many shells), 7623 (few shells), 7624 (many shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (shells abundant), 7627 (many shells), 7628 (few), 7629 (many shells), 7630 (many shells), 7631 (very abundant), 7632 (many shells), 7633 (many shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (many shells), 7636 (several shells), 7637 (several shells), 7639 (many shells), 7640 (few shells), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (shells), 7645 (many shells), 7646 (fragment), 7647 (many shells), 7648 (many shells), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7652 (few shells), 7655 (few shells), 7656, 7658 (few living and shells), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (i fragment), 7662 (few shells), 7663 (few shells), 7664 (few shells), 7665 (few shells used in Diopatra tubes), 7666 (i shell), 7667 (few shells in Diopatra tube), 7668 (few shells), 7669 (i shell), 7671 (few shells), 7672 (few shells), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7678 (few shells), 7679 (few shells), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (few shells), 7682 (several shells), 7686 (i frag ment), 7694 (i shell), 7695 (few shells), 7698 a Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Messrs. "W. H. Ball and Paul Bartsch; those from points designated by a dagger (t) by Dr. F. M. MacFarland; those from points designated by a double dagger (J) by Dr. Bartsch. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 679 Anomia simplex Continued. (few shells), 7700 (i shell), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (several shells), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (i shell), 7706 (few shells), 7707 (several shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (i shell), 7717 (few shells), 7718 (many shells), 7719 (many shells), 7722 (i shell), 7726 (several shells), 7727 (2 small shells), 7730 (many shells), 7734 (several shells), 7739 (few shells), 7740 (many shells), 7744 (several shells), 7752 (several shells), 7755 (i shell), 7757 (few shells), 7758 (i shell), 7761 (few shells), 7764 (i small shell), 7766 (i shell), 7767 (i shell), 7771 (i shell), 7772 (i shell), 7776 (several shells), 7777 (few shells), 7778 (few shells), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (few shells), 7783 (few shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (i), 3 (few shells), 5(1 fragment), 6 (few shells), 7 (many shells), 8 (few), 9 (i shell), 10 (few), u (few shells), 12 (several), 15 (few shells), 22 (i shell), 23 (i shell), 24 (i shell), 25 (few shells), 27 (several), 30 (few), 32 (i) 34 (few shells), 35 (few living), 37 (few shells), 38 (shells), 39 (few shells), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 44 (i piece), 51 (i small living on Thais shell), 52 (few shells), 57 (i small living), 58, 60 (i shell), 62 (i shell), 66 (i shell), 68 (i living), 71 (several shells), 72 (few shells), 74 (i living), 76 (few shells), 77 (i living), 79 (i shell), So (several), 81 (several) 82 (several shells), 84 (many), 85, 86, 87, 88 (i shell), 91, 93 (i shell), 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 103, 105 (shells), 107 (shells common), 108, no, 112, 113, 114 (few shells), 115 (few shells), 117 (few shells), 118 (few shells), 121 (few shells), 123 (many shells), 124 (several shells), 126 (shells common), 127 (i shell), 128 (shells common), 129 (shells common), 130 (shells common), 132 (common), 133 (common), 134 (shells abund ant), 135, 136 (shells abundant), 137 (many shells), 138 (shells common), 139 (abundant), 140 (common), 141 (shells common), 142 (com mon), 143 (few shells), 144 (abundant, living and shells), 145 (many), 146 (shells common), 147 (shells common), 149 (many shells), 151 (few shells), 152 (shells), 153 (few shells), 154 (shells abundant), 155 (many large living), 156 (many living and shells), 157 (few living and shells), 158 (few living and many shells), 159 (many shells), 160 (few shells), 161 (sev eral shells), 162 (few shells), 163 (several shells), 164 (many shells), 165 (many shells), 167 (few shells). Anomia aculeata Gmelin. [Chart 124.] Gould, 1870, p. 204 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, PP- 697, 495, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 32. Off Gay Head. Verrill. Living specimens taken at Crab Ledge (abundant); Vineyard Sound, at both ends, and the mouth of Buz zards Bay; shells more widely distributed than living specimens, though far less general than those of .4 . simplex. Survey. Dredged in 3 to 25 fathoms, on various bottoms, rarely in mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (i living), 7525 bis, 7537 bis (several shells), 7541 bis (i shell), 7549 bis (i shell), 7551 bis (i shell), 7553 bis (i shell), 7556 bis (i shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7595 (2 shells), 7603 (many living)*, 7606 (few), 7607 (many), (in the last three cases recorded as attached to stones and to Modiolus), 7609 (few on Gladiolus), 7665 (few shells in Diopatra tube), 7679 (living on Modiolaria), 7682 (i shell), 7688 (several shells), 7696 (i shell), 7697 (i shell), 7699 (i shell), 7700 (several living and shells), 7701 (i shell), 7704 (i shell), 7706 (several living and shells), 7707 (i shell), 7708 (i shell), 7709 (i living), 7718 (i shell), 7719 (i shell), 7721 (fragment, i small shell), 7744 (i shell), 7751 (i shell), 7753 (i shell), 7756 (i shell), 7757 (i shell), 7764 (i shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 7 (i shell), 10 (i), 15 (i shell), 16 (i shell), 22 (2 shells), 24 (i shell), 25 (i shell), 27 (many), 28 (i), 30 (i), 32 (2 shells), 34 (several), 35 (few shells), 37, 38 (shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 45 (i shell), 52 (i shell), 57 (i shell), 58 (several), 59 (com mon), 60 (several), 62 (i living), 65 (many shells and living), 66 (several), 67 (i shell), 68 (several shells), 79 (i shell), 82 (i living), 84, 86, 87, 92 (shells), 99, 102, in (i living), 112, 113, 114 (few living), 116. Family PECTINIMJ. Pecten magellanicus (Gmelin). Smooth scallop (or scollop). [Chart 125.] Gould, 1870, p. 196 (Pecten tenuicostatus ; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 696, 397, etc. (Pecten tenuicostatus); Dall, 1889, p. 34; Sumner, 1910, fig. 17 Off Gay Head in 29 fathoms; "rare and local south of Cape Cod." Verrill. Shells com mon in the western end of Vineyard Sound, occasional farther to the eastward; likewise taken at Crab Ledge; living specimens scarce 68o BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Pecten magellanicus Continued. locally. Survey. Dredged in 4 to 20 fath oms, for the most part at depths of to fathoms or more. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (i very small shell), 7558 (i shell), 7571 (i shell), 7572 (i shell), 7577 (i shell), 7578 (i small shell), 7581 (i shell, used in Diopatra tube), 7585 (i living), 7592 (i shell), 7593 (i shell), 7598 (few shells), 7603 (several shells), 7604 (fragment), 7607 (i frag ment), 7608 (i small living), 7672 (i shell), 7678 (few shells), 7679 (several shells), 7680 (sev eral large and small shells), 7681 (several shells), 7682 (several shells), 7683 (2 shells), 7702 (several shells), 7706 (2 shells), 7707 (sev eral large shells), 7709 (i fragment), 7719 (i small shell), 7724 (2 small living), 7725 (2 shells), 7728 (i shell), 7730 (i fragment), 7731 (living and shells). Phalarope stations: 6 (i fragment), 7 (few frag ments), 9 (i shell), 52 (i shell), 59 (several shells). Pecten gibbus borealis (Say). Common scallop (or scollop.) [Chart 126.] Gould, 1870, p. 199 (Pecten irradians); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 695, 361, etc. (Pecten irradians); Dall, 1889, p. 34 (Pecten irradians); Sumner, 1910, fig. 16. Very common in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, especially in sheltered weedy places, such as occur in Woods Hole Harbor, Vine yard Haven, Wareham River, or Nantucket Harbor, etc. Shells dredged by the Survey throughout both the Bay and the Sound, in 2 to 15 fathoms, on bottoms of all sorts; living scallops occasionally taken in 2 to 8 fathoms, mainly on somewhat muddy bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7525 bis (i shell), 7531 (i small shell), 7533 (i shell), 7535 (fragments), 7536 bis (i fragment), 7546 bis (shells and fragments), 7551 (few shells), 7556 bis (2 fragments), 7562 bis (few fragments), 7563 (few shells), 7564 bis (i fragment), 7566 (i shell and fragment), 7567 (fragment), 7574 (few shells), 7579 (fragment), 7580 (i shell), 7594 (2 shells), 7595 (i shell), 7596 (fragment), 7614 (i fragment), 7615 (few shells), 7616 (i fragment), 7619 (i shell), 7620 (many shells), 7624 (few large shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (few shells), 7628 (many fragments), 7629 (several shells), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (several), 7632 (several shells), 7633 (many shells), 7635 (many shells and fragments), 7636 (i shell), 7639 (sev- Pecten gibbus borealis Continued. eral fragments), 7644 (small shells and frag ments), 7645 (few shells), 7646 (i shell and frag ments), 7647 (few shells), 7648 (several shells), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7653 (i liv ing), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (several shells), 7667 (few fragments), 7668 (fragments), 7671 (few shells), 7674 (i living and few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7701 (i shell and i fragment), 7703 (i fragment), 7717 (few fragments), 7730 (r frag ment and i shell), 7731 (i fragment), 7739 (i shell), 7740 (i shell), 7752 (i fragment), 7755 (i shell), 7762 (many shells and few living), 7766 (many shells), 7769(1 living and several shells), 7770 (several shells), 7771 (i shell), 7772 (i fragment), 7774 (several fragments), 7776 (i small shell), 7777 (many shells), 7778 (many shells), 7779 (few shells), 7780 (few shells), 7781 (several shells), 7783 (fragments). Phalarope stations: i (i), 5 (few fragments), 7 (i shell), 8 (few shells), 9 (i piece of shell), n (i fragment), 16 (i shell), 19 (i shell), 25 (few shells), 28 (i), 29 (i shell), 37 (i shell), 38 (i small), 43 (shells), 53 (i shell), 60 (few shells), 62 (i), 63 (i), 65 (i small shell and living), 68 (2 shells), 70 (few shells), 71 (several living and many shells), 72 (many living and shells), 74 (few), 75 (2), 76 (2 shells), 78 (i small), 80 (few shells), 82 (few shells), 83 (2 shells), 85 (i shell), 86, 91, 92 (shells), 95, 96, 97, 102 (i shell), 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (shells), 115 (few shells), 117 (i shell), 118 (i shell), 120 ( i shell), 122 (fragments), 123 (i shell), 126 (few shells), 127 (shells common), 129 (2 shells), 132 (shells), 133 (shells), 134 (few shells), 135 (i shell), 136 (many), 137 (many shells), 138 (shells common), 140 (few frag ments), 141 (few shells), 142 (several shells), 143, 144 (several shells), 145 (several shells), 146 (few shells), 147 (few shells), 148 (several shells), 149 (many shells), 150 (many shells), 151 (fragments), 152 (living), 153 (few shells), 154 (many shells), 155 (several shells), 156 (few shells), 157 (many shells), 158 (many living and shells), 159 (shell fragments), 160 (few fragments), 161 (few shells), 162 (i shell), 163 (2 shells), 164 (few shells), 165 (few shells), 167 (i shell). Pecten islandicus Miiller. Gould, 1870, p. 198; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 696. (In neither case listed for this region.) Fish Hawk station 7608, at Crab Ledge (i shell).* BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 68 1 Family Mytilus edulis Linnaeus. Common sea mussel. [Chart 127.] Gould, 1870, p. 183; Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 692, 307, etc.; Call, 1889, p. 38; Field, 1911, p. 87. Shells abundant and universally distributed in Vineyard Sound, at i to 19 fathoms; in Buz zards Bay, less frequent and restricted to the southern portions. During the Survey dredg ing living mussels were chiefly taken in the western half of the Sound, where they were occasionally brought up by the bushel. Ex tensive mussel beds occur locally in shallow waters near shore, and the species is also fre quently abundant on piles. In early life they become attached to almost any solid object, and two living specimens were taken from the gill chamber of a lobster. Owing to causes which are not always obvious, great mussel beds may be completely exterminated within a limited period, leaving deposits of shells. Thus several localities where mussels were extremely abundant during the summer of 1903 were redredged in 1908, but only shells and fragments were taken. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7521 bis (fragments), 7525 bis (fragments and a few whole shells), 7533 (several), 7533 bis (several shells), 7535 (many), 7536 (numerous), 7536 bis (many fragments), 7539 bis (i shell), 7540 (fragment), 7541 (several shells), 7541 bis (many shells), 7542 (i shell), 7542 bis (few shells), 7543 (fragments), 7545 (many large fragments), 7545 bis (many fragments), 7546 bis (many fragments), 7547 bis (abundant), 7548 (large fragment), 7550 (many), 7550 bis (few shells and fragments), 7551 (liv ing), 7551 bis (i bushel, living), 7552 (many fragments), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 (shells, forming large part of contents of dredge), 7553 bis (many shells), 7555 (several bush els, living), 7556 (tons, living), 7556 bis (many shells), 7557 (few shells), 7558 (frag ments and shells abundant, constituting greater part of catch), 7559 (few), 7560 (few shells), 7561 (many), 7562 (many fragments), 7562 bis (few fragments), 7563 (many shells), 7563 bis (few fragments), 7564 (many, consti tuting greater part of catch), 7564 bis (very manyshells), 7565 (many), 7s65bis(fragments), 7566 (many living), 7567 (few shells), 7568 (fragments), 7569 (few fragments), 7569 bis (few fragments), 7570 (many living), 7571 (several bushels, many living), 7572 (many Mytilus edulis Continued. shells), 7573 (bushels, living), 7574 (many shells and living), 7575 (fragments), 7576 (fragments), 7577 (few shells), 7578 (many living), 7579 (few shells), 7581 (several shells), 7582 (several shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few shells), 7585 (few shells,) 7587 (i shell), 7588 (few shells), 7591 (many shells), 7592 (many living and shells), 7593 (many shells), 7594 (many shells), 7595 (many living), 7596 (many), 7597 (few shells), 7598 (few shells), 7599 (many), 7600 (few shells), 7602 (few shells), 7603 (i shell), 7604 (i shell), 7610 (frag ments), 7636 (few shells), 7638 (several shells), 7639 (several shells), 7653 (few small), 7656 (several large and small shells), 7660 (i shell), 7661 (i shell), 7664 (few shells), 7665 (several shells), 7667 (shells and living), 7668 (few shells), 7670 (many living and shells), 7672 (i shell), 7673 (i shell), 7674 (very few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7677, 7678 (many shells), 7679 (large and small living), 7680 (very abundant, small living), 7681 (many small living and large shells), 7682 (many large and small shells), 7683 (i fragment), 7685 (many small living), 7693 (several young and living), 7695 (fragments), 7696 (shells and fragments), 7697 (many shells), 7698 (few small living and frag ments), 7699 (fragments and living), 7700 (many fragments), 7701 (many fragments), 7702 (many fragments), 7703 (many fragments and living), 7704 (fragments), 7705 (few frag ments), 7706 (few shell fragments), 7707 (many living and shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (frag ments), 7717 (few fragments), 7718 (many shells), 7719 (many shells), 7720 (fragments and very many small living), 7721 (very many living and shells), 7722 (fragments and very many small living), 7723 (i small shell), 7724 (several living), 7725 (few small living), 7726 (few shells and fragments), 7727 (2), 7729 (i small shell), 7730 (i living), 7731 (many frag ments and small living), 7732 (many living), 7733 (many living and shells), 7734 (very many shells and fragments), 7735 (many shells), 7736 (manyshells), 7737 (few fragments), 7738 (sev eral small living), 7739 (few shells and frag ments), 7 740 (many shells), 7741 (manyshells), 7744 (many fragments), 7745 (few fragments), 7752 (few fragments), 7769 (i large shell), 7771 (i shell fragment), 7772 (i shell fragment), 7773 (i shell fragment), 7776 (very many shells and fragments), 7779 (few fragments), 7780 (few shells), 7783 (very many shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (i shell), 4 (few shells), 16 (several shells), 22 (shells 682 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Mytilas edulis Continued. abundant), 25 (few shells), 26 (very abundant), 27 (very abundant), 28 (very abundant), 29 (few), 30 (few), 32 (i small living), 34 (few shells), 35 (many small), 37 (fragments of shells), 38 (few small), 39 (few shells), 40 (few shells), 41 (few fragments), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 46 (few small), 47 (many very small), 48, 49 (few small), 50 (i small), 51 (many small living), 52 (few), 55 (i shell), 56 (shells), 57 (few shells), 58, 59 (young very abundant), 60 (few shells), 63 (i shell), 65 (i shell), 66 (many shells), 68 (few shells), 69 (several), 71 (i living), 73 (few shells and frag ments), 74 (few shells), 75 (few shells), 81 (few shells), 82 (i shell), 83 (fragments and young), 85, 92, 99 (few shells), 100 (few shells), 102, 103, 105 (shells), in (great beds, living and shells), 112, 117 (few fragments), 118 (shells), 121 (shells), 122 (shells and fragments), 129 (i shell), 141 (shells and fragments), 165 (several fragments), 167 (many fragments). Prof. Verrill writes: "This species breeds early in the spring. I have found immense numbers of the young, about as large as the head of a pin, . . . on the i2th of April." On the other hand, Prof. I. A. Field, who has made a careful study of the reproduction of the mussel at Woods Hole, states that "no mature sexual products were observed before July 3 [1909]," when active spermatozoa were noted, though material was examined at monthly intervals commencing with February 7. The extrusion of eggs and spermatozoa was studied in the laboratory troughs on August 21 and 26. Field believes that locally "the mussel does not breed earlier than June, and continues to breed on into September." The mussel is used extensively as food in Europe, but only to a small extent on our own coast. It is sometimes used as a fertilizer and as bait. It is doubtless important as a food for tautog and other fishes. For an interesting account of the natural history of this species see Field, 1911. VModiolus hamatus (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 374; Verrill, 18823, p. 577. Living animals not recorded from this region, though Verrill states that shells have been found in the post-Pliocene of Nantucket. Gladiolus modiolus (Lamarck). Horse mussel, bearded mussel. [Chart 128.] Gould, 1870, p. 186 (Modiola modiolus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 309, etc. (Modiola modiolus); Call, 1889, p. 38 (Modiola modio lus). Common and generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay it is far less frequently taken and seems to be restricted to the inshore zone. Large specimens abundant at Crab Ledge. This species occurs from low- tide mark to the greatest depths of the region, attaining great size in deeper waters offshore; sometimes taken on piles. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 25 fathoms, living specimens being most common on stony and gravelly bottoms. Several small specimens were taken from the gill chamber of a living lobster, some being even attached to the gills themselves. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (several), 7523 (2), 7523 bis (few living), 7524 (many living), 7524 bis (many living), 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 (few), 7527 (i shell), 7528 (few living), 7529 (few shells), 7530 (many), 7530 bis (many shells), 7531 (many shells), 7531 bis (few shells), 7532 (2 small shells), 7533 (many frag ments), 7533 bis (i shell), 7534 (few shells) 7 53 5 bis (several shells), 7536(numerousshells), 7538 (several shells), 7538 bis (few shells), 7540 (few fragments), 7541 bis (i shell), 7543 (few fragments), 7544 (i shell), 7546 (fragments), 7547 (few shells), 7549 (i living), 7550 (few shells), 7551 (few shells), 7552 (i living), 7555 (few), 7558 (few), 7561 (few large), 7563 (few living), 7576 (i shell), 7583 (i living), 7586 (i shell), 7592 (i large), 7594 (i large shell), 7598 (few large living), 7600 (i large shell), 7604 (several shells), 7605 (2 very large), 7606 (many very large), 7607 (several very large living; one 5^2 inches long), 7608 (many very large living), 7609 (many large, living and dead), ?62r (small living), 7630 (i fragment), 7670 (few), 7672 (few shells), 7676 (i small living on algse), 7677 (many small living on alga), 7678 (few shells), 7679 (i shell), 7680 (living and shells), 7681 (several large living), 7699 (i shell), 7702 (i large shell), 7706 (i large shell), 7708 (sev eral large shells), 7717 (i large), 7718 (i large shell), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (i small shell), 7726 (i shell), 7732 (i shell), 7734 (i shell), 7740 (i), 7742 (i small living), 7749 (few living and many shells), 7751 (fragment), 7752 (fragments BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 683 Modiolus modiolus Continued . and several shells), 7753 (i fragment), 7754 (i living), 7757 (many living and shells), 7758 (many living and shells), 7759 (many shells and few living), 7760 (many shells), 7763 (liv ing and shells, common), 7764(few shells), 7765 (i living), 7766 (several shells), 7767 (few shells), 7768 (few shells), 7769 (i shell), 7770 (many shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (few shells), 7773 (i shell fragment), 7777 (i living and several shells), 7779 (few shells), 7783 (sev eral shells). Phalarope stations: i (i small living), 3 (few liv ing), 4 (2 small living), 5 (i shell), 6 (i frag ment), 8 (i young), ii (i shell), 15 (i shell), 32 (i living), 34 (i shell), 52 (few shells), 59 (few), 63 (few), 65 (i shell, i living), 69 (living and shells), 71 (few living and shells), 77 (few shells), 100, 104, no, 116, 122 (fragments), 130 (few shells), 149 (i living), 167 (2 shells). Modiolus deyiissus (Dillwyn). Ribbed mussel, marsh mussel. Gould, 1870, p. 188 (Modiola plicalula); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 693, 307, etc. (Modiola plicalula); Dall, 1889, p. 38. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, and connecting ponds and estuaries; e. g., Wareham River and head of Woods Hole Harbor. Abundant in marshes and on muddy shores, in salt or brackish water; occurring near high-tide level. Shells dredged by the Survey in 3 to 7 fathoms; these had probably drifted into deeper water from the littoral zone, however. Fish Hawk stations: 7639 (few shells), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (i shell), 7645 (few shells). Phalarope stations: 156 (i shell), 161 (i shell). Modiolaria nigra Loven. [Chart 129.] Gould, 1870, p. 190 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 694, 418, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 40. Deeper parts of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head. Verrill. Lower ends of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 3 to 19 fathoms; liv ing specimens dredged in 7 to 17 fathoms, nearly always on sandy bottoms. Survey. This species was never taken in large num bers. Fish Hawk stations: 7580 (i living)*, 7591 (3 shells), 7597 (i shell), 7598 (few living), 7599 (i shell), 7655 (i living), 7657 (i shell), 7660 (2 shells), 7666 (i living), 7672 (2 shells), 7674 (i shell), 7679 (i shell), 7680 (i shell), 7681 (i shell), 7682 (i shell), 7686 (i small living), 7699 (i shell and i living), 7700 (i shell), 7701 (i Modiolaria nigra Continued, shell), 7702 (several shells), 7703 (i shell), 7706 (several shells), 7709 (i shell), 7717 (i fragment and i very small living), 7722 (i fragment), 7728 (i shell), 7730 (few very small living), 7761 (i fragment). Phalarope stations: 15 (i shell), 52 (few shells), 53 (i shell), 68 (i fragment), 81 (i), 116. Modiolaria corrugata Morch. Gould, 1870, p. 193 (not listed for this region), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 694; Dall, 1889, p. 40. " Off Marthas Vineyard and Buzzards Bay, 20 to 25 fathoms, rare." Verrill. Modiolaria Icevigata (Gray). Gould, 1870, p. 193 (Modiolaria discors; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 694 (Modiolaria discors; no definite local records). Crab Ledge, one record at lower end of Vineyard Sound, 14 to 25 fathoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7578 (2 small living)*, 7605 (i living), 7606 (2), 7607 (i living), 7608 (i liv ing), 7609 (2 living). Crenella glandula Totten. [Chart 130.] Gould, 1870, p. 194 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 695, 418, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 40. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, off Gay Head. Verrill. Western half of Vineyard Sound; two records in Buzzards Bay, near Quicks Hole; one at Crab Ledge; dredged chiefly in waters of 10 fathoms or more; living specimens rarely taken . Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7568 (i living)*, 7583 (i shell), 7585 (i shell), 7605 (i living), 7679 (2 shells), 7682 (i shell), 7683 (i small shell), 7696 (i shell), 7697 (i shell), 7698 (i shell), 7700 (i shell), 7702 (3 shells), 7708 (3 shells), 7709 (2 shells), 7717 (i shell), 7719 (i shell), 7741 (i shell). Phalarope stations: 52, 58 (i shell), 59 (i living), 65 (i shell), 81 (living), 83 (2 shells). Family Area ponderosa (Say). [Chart 131.] Yerrill and Smith, 1873, p. 692; Verrill, 18823, P. 573; Dal1 l88 9> P- 40. Shells recorded from beach at Edgartown, Mar thas Vineyard. Verrill. Shells dredged not infrequently in Vineyard Sound, at depths of 4 to 16 fathoms; 3 doubtful records for Buz zards Bay; no living specimens taken. Survey. 684 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Area ponderosa Continued. Fish Hawk stations : 7 536 bis ( i shell) , 7543 bis ( i ), " 7546 (2 shells)*, 7551 (several shells), 7556 (few shells), 7556 bis (2 shells), 7557 (i shell), 7562 (i shell), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis, 7567 (sev eral shells), 7568 (few shells), 7574 (few shells), 7576 (several shells), 7577 (several shells), 7579 (2 shells), 7583 (i small shell), 7592 (i small shell), 7619 (? few shells), 7620 (? few shells), 7661 (? few shells)*, 7680 (i small shell), 7701 (several shells), 7703 (2 shells), 7734 (2 shells), 7740 (i shell), 7771 (i shell). Verrill has expressed doubt as to whether Area ponderosa lives in this region, since no living specimens have been noted north of Cape Hat- teras. He thought it possible that the shells found at Edgartown might have been washed out from submerged post-Pliocene deposits. Mr. G. M. Gray likewise reports that he has never taken this species alive. Dr. Dall in forms us, however, that the National Museum contains a fresh valve , retaining the epidermis, taken in Vineyard Sound in 1870; and Mr. C. W. Johnson reports that he has found more than one shell of this species still bearing evi dent traces of the hinge ligament and epider mis, on a beach near Chatham Light. Area transversa (Say). Bloody clam. [Chart 132.] Gould, 1870, p. 148; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 691, 309, etc. (Scapharca transTiersa). Shells very abundant and generally distributed, both in the Bay and the Sound, being dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms; living specimens compara tively scarce, taken in 3 to 13 fathoms on vari ous bottoms. Survey. This mollusk is abundant in shallower waters than those reached by the dredge. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (many shells), 7521 bis (2 shells), 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 (few shells), 7528 (few shells), 7531 (many shells), 7532 (i shell), 7533 (few shells), 7533 bis (2 shells), 7534 ( i shell), 7535 (several shells), 7536 (few shells), 7536 bis (few shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7541 (i shell), 7543 (many shells) , 7543 bis (i large living), 7546 (i shell), 7S46bis(sev- eral shells), 7547 (few shells), 7547 bis (several shells), 7551 bis (i shell), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 (i shell), 7554 (i shell), 7554 bis (few shells), 7556 (few shells), 7556 bis (numerous shells), 7557 (i shell), 7558 (few shells), 7563 (few shells) , 7563 bis (numerous shells), 7565 (2 shells), 7565 bis (few shells), 7566 (few shells)*, 7567 (many shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (i shell), 7569 bis (few shells), 7570 (few shells), 7571 (few shells), 7575 (i shell), 7576 (several shells), 7577 (many shells), 7578 (few), 7579 Area transversa Continued. (several shells), 7580 (two shells), 7581 (i small shell), 7582 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few shells), 7585 (several shells), 7588 (i shell), 7591 (few shells), 7593 (i shell), 7596 (several shells), 7597 (few shells), 7598 (few shells), 7601 (i shell), 7610 (several shells), 7611, 7612 (i living), 7613 (several shells), 7615 (several shells), 7616 (several shells and living), 7618 (several shells), 7620 (many shells), 7621 (many shells), 7622 (many shells), 7624 (many shells), 7625 (several shells), 7626 (many shells), 7628 (many shells), 7629 (many shells), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (abundant), 7632 (sev eral), 7633 (many shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (many shells), 7636 (several shells), 7638 (few shells), 7639 (many shells), 7642 (i shell), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (several shells), 7645 (several shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7648 (many shells), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (many shells), 7652 (i living and many shells), 7653 (few shells), 7654 (few shells), 7655 (very few shells), 7656 (few shells), 7657 (numerous shells), 7658 (few shells), 7659 (nu merous shells), 7660 (numerous shells), 7661 (many shells)*, 7663 (many shells), 7664, 7667 (i shell on Diopatra tube), 7671 (numerous shells), 7672 (few shells), 7674 (several shells), 7675 (numerous shells), 7678 (2 shells), 7679 (several shells), 7680 (several shells), 7682 (i shell), 7683 (i shell), 7688 (i shell), 7694 (few shells), 7695 (few shells), 7696 (i shell), 7697 (few shells), 7698 (i shell), 7699 (i shell), 7700 (several shells), 7701 (many shells), 7702 (many shells), 7703 (many shells), 7704 (i shell), 7705 ( i shell), 7706 (2 shells), 7709 (few small shells), 7717 (few shells), 7719 (shells), 7720 (i shell), 7723 (i shell), 7724 (i small living), 7726 (i shell), 7728 (i living), 7731 (2 shells), 7734 (sev eral shells), 7736 (i shell), 7739 (i shell), 7740 (several shells), 7741 (ishell), 7 7 44 (few shells), 7751 (i shell), 7752 (several shells), 7753 (i shell), 7755 (2 shells), 7757 (i living and i shell), 7758 (i shell), 7760 (i living and few shells), 7762 (several shells), 7763 (i shell), 7764, 7766 (several shells), 7767 (i shell), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (i shell), 7776 (i small shell), 7777 (i shell), 7778 (i shell), 7779 (few shells), 7780 (few shells), 7782 (i small shell), 7783 (i shell). Phalarope stations: i (few shells), 2 (few small shells), 5 (i shell), 7 (i shell), 8 (few), 10 (i), n (i), 15 (few shells), 25 (few shells), 27 (i), 28 (i), 29 (few shells) ,30(1 living), 34 (few shells), 39 (few shells), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (few living and shells), 53 (few shells), 56 (few shells), 58, 59 BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 68 5 Area transversa Continued. (few shells), 60 (few small living), 62 few, 65 (several shells), 66 (few), 67 (i shell), 68 (few shells), 7o(ishell), 71 (many shells and living), 72 (many living and shells), 74 (few shells), 76 (few shells), 77 (few shells), 79, 80 (several), 81 (common), 82 (common, shells), 83 (several), 84 (very common), 85, 86, 91, 92 (shells), 93 (shells), 95, 96, 97, 101, 102, 107 (many living and shells), 108, no, 113, 114 (few shells), 115 (several shells), 117 (few shells), 120 (shells), 121 (few shells), 122 (few shells), 123 (shells common), 124*, 125 (living and shells), 126 (shells common), 128 (shells common), 129, 130 (shells common), 132 (several), 133 (shells common), 134 (shells common), 137 (several shells), 138 (shells common), 139 (abundant), 140 (few shells), 141 (few shells), 142 (several shells), 143 (i shell), 144 (shells common), 145 (several shells), 147 (shells common), 148 (shells common), 149 (shells common), 150 (common), 152 (few shells), 154 (several shells), 155 (few shells), 157 (few shells), 158 (few shells), 159 (i living and several shells), 160 (i living and several shells), 162 (2 living, several shells), 163 (several shells), 164 (few shells), 165 (several shells), 166 (i small living, several shells), 167 (many shells). Area campechiensis pexata (Say). Bloody clam. [Chart 133.] Gould, 1870, p. 147 (Area pexata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 692, 309, etc. (Argina pexata). Buzzards Bay, chiefly in the shallower parts; shells taken at a few stations in the Sound. Survey. Dredged at 2 to 25 fathoms, though rarely at depths greater than 6 fathoms; living specimens appear to be restricted to shallow waters, especially where the bottom is more or less muddy. Fish Hawk stations: 7546 bis (i), 7576 (i shell), 7609 (2 shells), 7617 (many shells), 7620 (sev eral shells), 7622 (i living and shells), 7624 (few large shells), 7627 (several shells), 7629 (several shells), 7632 (several), 7633 (several living and shells), 7634 (few living and shells), 7635 (sev eral shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7648 ((few living and shells), 7649 (few shells), 7657 (few shells), 7701 (several shells), 7703 (several shells), 7766 (i shell). Phalarope stations: 91, 124 (i shell), 137 (? i shell), 138 (shells), 149 (several shells), 150 (i shell), 154 (several shells), 155 (many shells), 156 (several shells), 157 (few shells), 158 (abundant shells and living), 159 (several shells), 160 (several shells), 165 (i small living, i large shell). Family Nucula proximo, (Say). [Chart 134.] Gould, 1870, p. 150; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 691, 418, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 42. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound in about equal abundance. Living specimens dredged by the Survey in i to 17 fathoms, for the most part on bottoms of sand or mud, or mixtures of the two. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7522 bis (few), 7523 bis (i), 7524 bis (2), 7525 bis (few shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (many shells), 7533 bis (few shells), 7535 (few shells), 7536 (several shells), 7537 (shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7538 bis (several living and shells), 7541 (few shells), 7542 (i shell), 7543 (few shells), 7543 bis (i shell), 7545 (few shells), 7547 (few shells), 7547 bis (few shells and liv ing), 7549 (few shells), 7549 bis (few), 7554 (few shells), 7556 bis (few shells), 7563 bis (few shells), 7565 (2 shells), 7565 bis (i shell), 7566 (few shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 bis, 7572 (few shells), 7574 (i shell), 7575 (i shell), 7579 (i shell), 7597 (i shell), 7610 (shells abundant), 7611 (i shell), 7612 (several small living), 7614 (several shells), 7617 (few small living), 7621 several living), 7623 (few living), 7624 (few shells), 7626 (many living), 7628 (few living), 7630 (several shells), 7631 (several shells and living), 7633 (few shells), 7635 (few shells and living), 7638 (few shells), 7641 (few small liv ing), 7642 (few shells), 7643 (few living), 7645 (few shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (i), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7654 (living), 7656, 7657, 7658 (shells), 7659 (many shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (very many living), 7662 (few living), 7663, 7668 (few), 7669 (liv ing), 7671, 7673, 7675 (many shells), 7686 (i living), 7687 (i living), 7695 (few shells), 7700 (2 shells), 7701 (several shells), 7702 (i shell), 7703 (several shells), 7704, 7705 (few shells), 7708 (few shells), 7717 (several shells), 7718 7724 (i small living), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (i living and i shell), 7730 (i shell), 7732 (few shells), 7734 (2 shells), 7738 (2 shells), 7741 (i shell), 7744 (i shell), 7748 (many shells), 7752 (several shells), 7753 (living and shells), 7755 (2 shells), 7756 (i shell), 7757 (few shells), 7758 (few shells), 7759 (few shells), 7760 (several living and shells), 7761 (few shells), 7763 (i living), 7764 (several shells), 7766 (few shells), 7767 (many shells, few living), 7769 (many shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (few shells), 7775 (i shell), 7776 (i living and few shells), 7777 (several shells), 7778 (i living), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (few shells), 686 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Nucula proximo Continued. 7781 (few shells), 7783 (i living and many shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many shells and i living), 2 (few shells), 3 (few shells), 5 (r shell), 6 (few shells), 7 (few shells), g (j), ii (several), 13 (i shell), 15 (i living), 17 (many living), 18 (many living), 19 (many), 20 (i living and shells), 26 (i living), 28 (few), 33 (i shell), 40 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (few), 62 (2), 70 (abundant), 71 (many living), 72 (many living and shells), 73 (i living), 78 (many living, all sizes), 79 (several living), So (few living), 82 (i), 84 ,86, 88 (r small), 89, 91, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100 (i living), 104, 107 (few living), 108, no, 116, 117 (few living and shells), 118 (shells common), 119 (several shells), 120 (shells and living), 121 (shells), 122 (few shells and living), 123 (shells), 125 (living and shells), 126 (few living), 127 (many living), 128 (common), 129, 130 (shells), 131 (living and shells), 132 (living and shells common), 133 (several living), 135 (few shells), 139 (few), 140 (i shell), 141 (living and shells), 144 (few), 145 (living and shells common), 146 (several shells), 147 (living common), 148 (living and shells common), 149 (common), 150 (living), 151 (living), 152 (few living), 153 (living), 154 (i living), 155 (many living), 156 (several liv ing), 157 (few living), 158 (few living) 160 (2 shells), 161 (i shell), 163 (i shell and fragments) 164 (many living and shells), 165 (few shells and living), 167 (i living, several shells), Observed breeding from June 20 into August. G. A. Drew. Nucula proxima ovata Verrill & Bush. Verrill and Bush, 1898. One living specimen taken in Vineyard Sound, off Cuttyhunk, in 18 fathoms (1880). Nucula delphinodonta Mighels. Gould, 1870, p. 153 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 691, 509; Dall, 1889, p. 42. "Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud." Ver rill. One living specimen taken by the sur vey at Phalarope station 107* (off Weepecket Rocks, 5X fathoms, mud and shells). Family LEDID/6. Yoldia limatula (Say). [Chart 135]. Gould, 1870, p. 154 (Yoldia limatula), p, 160 (Y. myalis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 689, 432, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 44; Sumner, 1910, fig. 8. Yoldia limatula Continued. Living specimens taken throughout Buzzards Bay, to which the local distribution seems to be chiefly restricted; one record each at Me- nemsha Bight, Vineyard Haven and mouth of Vineyard Sound; shells taken at several points in the Sound and at Crab Ledge. Survey. Living specimens dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, nearly always at depths of less than 10 fathoms, and almost exclusively on bottoms of clear or sandy mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7566 (several shells), 7593 (i shell), 7601 (several shells), 7602 (few shells), 7609 (i shell), 7611 (living abundant), 7612 (several living), 7613 (several living), 7614 (few living and shells), 7615 (i living), 7616 (i living), 7617 (many shells and living), 7618 (several living), 7619 (several living), 7620 (few living), 7622 (few living), 7623 (many liv ing and shells), 7624 (many living), 7629 (sev eral living), 7632 (fragment), 7633 (i living), 7637 (living and many shells), 7638 (many liv ing), 7640 (many living and shells), 7641 (many living and shells), 7642 (many living and shells), 7643 (many living and shells), 7644 (many living and shells), 7645 (few living), 7646 (many living and shells), 7647 (few living and shells), 7649 (few living and shells), 7650 (living and shells), 7651 (few living), 7652 (few living), 7653 (few living), 7654 (shells and liv ing), 7655 (few living and shells), 7656 (i), 7657 (many living), 7658 (living), 7660 (few living), 7661 (many living and shells), 7662 (many liv ing and shells), 7663 (many shells and living), 7668 (i living), 7669 (many shells), 7673 (many living and shells), 7675 (many living and shells), 7686 (few living and shells), 7688 (i shell), 7728 (i shell and i living). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 19 (several shells), 20 (i shell), 52 (i shell), 53 (i shell), 72 (few living), 78 (many living), 79 (living com mon), 83 (few, i living), 84 (common), 85 (i living), 86, 93 (several living), 94, 107 (several living), 113, 115 (i shell), 119 (living and shells), 122 (few shells), 127 (many living), 128 (few), 133 (i shell), 140 (i living), 143 (i shell), 153 (i living), 159 (several living and shells), 160 (several living), 161 (many living and shells, very large and small), 162 (several living), 164 (few living and shells), 165 (few living), 1 66 (many living). Yoldia sapotilla (Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 159 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 689, 509; Dall, 1889, p. 44. "Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud; off Buz zards Bay, 25 fathoms, sand." Verrill. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 687 ? Yoldia ihraci&formis Storer. Gould, 1870, p. 157; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 690, 509 (Long Island to Greenland). No definite local records, though this region is included -within the recorded range of the species. ? Leda tenuisulcata Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 161 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 690, 509. Off Newport. Sanderson Smith. Family SOLENOMYHXE. Solemya velum Say. [Chart 136.] Gould, 1870, p. 48; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 688, 360, etc. (Solenomya -velum); Ball, 1889, p. 46 (Solenomya velum). Dartmouth Harbor. Adams, cited by Gould. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay. Verrill. Katama Bay. Osburn. Upper half of Buz zards Bay, at frequent inshore stations; 2 to 5 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of mud or muddy sand. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7629 (i shell), 7631 (i living), 7669 (i shell). Phalarope stations: 118 (i shell), 127 (living young), 129 (i shell), 130 (i shell), 133 (i liv ing). J 39 (i shell), 147 (i shell), 151 (i living), 156 (i small living), 157 (i small living), 160 (2 living), 164 (several living). ? Solemya borealis Totten. Gould, 1870, p. 50; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 689 (Solenomya borealis). Vicinity of Newport. Totten, cited by Gould. Vineyard Sound, at Cuttyhunk, rare; "may prove to be only the mature state of the pre ceding," i. e., S. velum. Verrill. Family CARDITID^E. Venericardia borealis (Conrad). [Chart 137.] Gould, 1870, p. 146 (Cardita borealis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 683, 418, etc. (Cyclocardia borealis); Dall, 1889, p. 46; Sumner, 1910, fig- 13- " Common in the deeper parts of Vineyard Sound near its mouth, and off Gay Head and Buz zards Bay, 10 to 25 fathoms. " Verrill. West ern end of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, near its mouth, common; shells likewise taken at Crab Ledge; living specimens dredged in 6 to 19 fathoms, chiefly on sandy bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7561 (i shell)*, 7562 bis (i shell), 7563 (i shell), 7567 (2 shells), 7568 (few shells)*, 7569 (3 shells), 7570 (several 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 10 Venericardia borealis Continued. shells), 7571 (i shell), 7572 (several shells), 7576 (few shells), 7577 (several shells), 7578 (several shells, 2 living), 7581 (few shells), 7582 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (many shells), 7585 (several living and shells), 7586 (? i shell), 7587 (i shell), 7591 (several shells), 7592 (few shells), 7594 (few shells), 7597 (i liv ing, several shells), 7598 (many living), 7604 (few shells), 7607 (few shells), 7609 (several shells), 7664, 7665, 7666 (few living and shells), 7671, 7672 (many living and shells), 7673 (nu merous living and shells), 7674 (few shells), 7678 (2 shells), 7679 (many living and shells), 7680, 7681 (many shells), 7682 (few shells), 7683 (several shells, i living), 7686*, 7688 (few fragments), 7694 (few shells), 7698 (few shells), 7699 (few shells), 7700 (many shells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (many shells), 7703 (few shells), 7704 (few shells), 7706 (few living and shells), 7707 (few shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few shells), 7710 (several small shells), 7717 (few living and shells), 7718 (many shells), 7719 (shells), 7720 (few shells), 7723 (few small shells), 7724 (several small shells), 7725 (few small living), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (several small shells), 7728 (i small living), 7730 (few shells), 7731 (several shells), 7735 (i living and i shell), 7750 (i shell). Phalarope stations: 52, 53, 59, 65 (several shells and living), 66 (i), 76 (i shell), 81 (living and shells), 82 (few shells), 94, in (i shell), 113, 114, (shells common), 115 (shells common). Venericardia borealis novanglice Morse. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 684, 423, etc. (Cy clocardia novanglice). " Mouth of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head, 10 to 25 fathoms. " Verrill. Family ASTARTID^E. Astarte undata Gould. Chestnut shell. [Chart 138-] Gould, 1870, p. 119 (Astarte sulcata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 684, 508; Dall, 1889, p. 46. "Off Gay Head and Buzzards Bay, and in the deeper parts of Vineyard Sound." Verrill. Vineyard Sound, abundant at the western end, though occasionally met with throughout its length; Buzzards Bay, near its mouth; Crab Ledge at several stations. Survey. Living specimens dredged almost exclusively at depths of 10 fathoms or more, on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7556 bis, 7558 (i living and 2 shells)*, 7560 (i small shell)*, 7567 (i shell), 688 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Astarte undata Continued. 7574 (i living), 7577 (few shells), 7579 (i living) 7581 (i living), 7582 (i), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (i living), 7585 (few living), 7586 (i living), 7587 (several living), 7591 (i), 7594 (several shells), 7595 (few living), 7596 (2 shells), 7597 (few shells), 7598 (many living), 7599 (i liv ing), 7604 (shells and living)*, 7605, 7609 (i very small living, 2 shells)*, 7656 (several shells), 7661 (few shells), 7664 (many), 7665 (shells and living)*, 7666 (many living and shells)*, 7670 (several living)*, 7672 (many liv ing and shells), 7673 (several shells), 7674 (many shells)*, 7679 (few small shells), 7681 (few shells), 7682 (several shells), 7687 (i shell), 7688 (i living and few shells), 7698*, 7699 (several shells), 7700 (few shells, i small living), 7702 (many shells), 7703*, 7706 (2 shells), 7707 (i living and several shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few small shells)*, 7717 (i small shell), 7718*, 7719 (2 shells), 7720 (sev eral living and small shells), 7722 (i shell), 7723 (2 small shells), 7724 (i small living), 7725 (several small), 7726 (few small shells), 7730 (several shells), 7731 (i living), 7735 (several small shells), 7741 (i shell), 7753*. Phalarope stations: 8 (i shell), 28 (2), 40 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (few), 53 (r shell), 58 (shells), 59 (few shells), 65 (many shells), 78 (several), 79 (few living), 80 (few shells), 81 (few shells, ) 82 (common i, 112, 113, 114 (shells common), 115 (living and shells common). Verrill speaks of a variety lutea, occurring off Gay Head and Vineyard Sound, along with the ordinary form. Astarte castanea Say. Chestnut shell. [Chart I39-] Gould, 1870, p. 117; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 685, 423, etc.; Ball, 1889, p. 46. Abundant throughout Vineyard Sound and the lower portion of Buzzards Bay. More gener ally distributed than A. undata, with which it is often associated. Dredged by the Survey in 3 to 19 fathoms, though rarely taken at depths less than 6 fathoms; commonly found upon bottoms free from mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (several shells), 7528 (several shells), 7533 (several), 7533 bis (many shells), 7534 bis (i shell), 535 (few), 7536 (several), 7536 bis (2 shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7541 bis (numerous shells), 7543 (sev eral shells), 7547 (i), 7547 bis (2), 7550 bis (i shell), 7552 (i), 7552 bis (several small shells), 7555 (2 shells, very small), 7556 bis (? i shell), 7560 (i shell), 7562 (i shell), 7562 bis (i shell), Astarte castanea Continued. 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis, 7564 bis (few shells and i small living)*, 7566 (several shells), 7567 (4 shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (few shells), 7569 bis (few shells), 7570 (few), 7571 (i shell), 7572 (many shells), 7575 (few shells), 7576 (many shells), 7578 (many shells), 7579 (few shells), 7580 (several shells), 7583 (i living, few shells), 7584 (few shells), 7590 (few shells), 7653 (i living, i shell), 7654 (i), 7656 (several shells), 7657 (i shell), 7662 (few shells), 7665 (shells and living)*, 7666 (many living and shells)*, 7672 (few living and shells), 7674 (very many living and shells)*, 7675 (many living), 7680 (3 shells), 7683 (i living and few shells)*, 7695 (few shells)*, 7696 (i living and few shells), 7697 (few shells)*, 7698 (i shell)*, 7699 (several shells), 7700 (few shells), 7701 (few shells)*, 7702 (few shells), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (many small shells)*, 7705 (few small shells)*, 7706 (man} small shells), 7708 (i shell), 7709 (few small shells)*, 7717 (many shells), 7718*, 7719 (i living and few shells), 7725*, 7726 (few small shells), 7731*, 7734 (2 small shells), 7736 (several shells), 7740 (sev eral shells), 7744 (i small living and i shell), 7745 (i small shell), 7751 (i small shell), 7752 (few shells), 7753 (few shells)*, 7755 (i shell), 7761 (i worn shell), 7775 (i shell), 7779 (i small shell). Phalarope stations: 25 (few shells), 26, 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 52 (several), 53 (few), 56 (many), 57 (many living), 58, 60 (several shells), 65 (many shells), 66 (few shells), 68 (i shell), 77 (2 shells), 81 (few shells), 82 (few), 83 (few living), 113, 114 (few shells), 159 (i shell), 167 (i shell). Astarte quadrans Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 123 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 685. 509. "Mouth of Vineyard Sound, and off Marthas Vineyard, 19 to 25 fathoms, rare." Verrill. Crab Ledge, at 20 fathoms; western half of Vineyard Sound, at 5 to 13 fathoms, sandy bottom . Survey . Fish Hawk stations: 7556 bis*, 7608 (i living)*, 7700 (several shells)*, 7701 (several shells). Astarte sp. undertermined. Fish Hawk stations: 7600 (i shell), 7601 (i shell). Crassinclla mactracea (Gould). [Chart 140.] Gould, 1870, p. 128 (Gouhlia mactracea}; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 685, 418, etc. (Gouldia mactracea). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 689 Crasslnella mactracea Continued. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, especially at Woods Hole." Verrill. Abundant and generally distributed throughout the Sound; in the Bay, chiefly restricted to the inshore sta tions. Survey. Living specimens dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, for the most part on bot toms free from mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (i shell), 7525 bis (i living), 7527 (i shell), 7532 bis (several shells), 7534 (i shell), 7534 bis (i shell), 7536 (several shells), 7536 bis (several shells), 7537 bis, 7538 (i shell), 7538 bis (i shell), 7542 bis (i shell), 7543 (i valve), 7545 bis (several), 7546 bis (shells), 7547 bis (living and many shells), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (few shells), 7552 (i shell), 7552 bis (few shells), 7554 (i shell), 7554 bis (few shells), 7556 bis (few shells), 7557 (i shell), 7563 bis (fewshells), 7564 bis (i shell), 7566 (3 shells), 7568 (several shells), 7569 (i living), 7569 bis, 7572 (i shell), 7579(1 living), 7595(1), 7597(1), 7620(1 shell), 7621 (many shells), 7626 (many shells), 7628 (many shells and living), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (several), 7634 (few shells), 7635 (few shells), 7637 (fewshells), 7639 (fewshells), 7656 (few living), 7659 (many shells, few living), 7664 (i living), 7665 (few shells), 7666 (several on Diopalra tubes), 7667 (i living), 7670, 7671 (many shells), 7672 (many shells), 7673 (i shell), 7674 (many shells), 7679 (few shells), 7682 ( i shell), 7683(2 shells), 7688(1 shell), 7695 (many shells), 7696 (few shells), 7697 (i living and few shells), 7698 (i shell), 7699 (few shells and living), 7700 (i living and few shells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (few shells), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (fewshells), 7705 (fewshells), 7706 (i living), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few living and shells), 7718 (i shell), 7719 (i living and shells), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (i shell), 7732 (many shells), 7733 (few shells), 7734 (several shells), 7735 (several shells), 7736 (several shells), 7738 (i shell), 7739 (several shells), 7741 (several shells), 7744 (few living and shells), 7746 (i shell), 7748 (few shells), 7752 (i shell), 7753 (few living and shells), 7754 (i ( shell), 7755 (i shell), 7756 (i shell), 7757 (i shell), 7760 (few shells), 7761 (few shells), 7764 (few shells), 7766 (few shells), 7767 (several shells), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (few shells), 7772 (few shells), 7775 (sev eral shells), 7776 (i shell), 7777 (few shells), 7778 (few living and many shells), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (few shells), 7781 (many shells and i living), 7783 (many living and shells). Crassinella mactracea Continued . Phalarope stations: i (2 shells), 3 (i shell), 5 (i shell), 6 (i shell), 7 (i living, several shells), 8 (i living), 10(2), ii (2), 13 (few), 15 (few shells), 25 (fewshells), 26 (i shell), 28 (i), 29 (i shell), 32 (i shell), 33 (i shell), 35 (2 living), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (many living), 53 (few living), 59 (few shells), 60 (few), 62 (i), 64 (i living), 65 (many shells and living), 66 (common), 69 (i), 74 (i shell), 77 (few shells), 81 (few shells), 82 (few living and shells), 83 (several living and shells), 86 (living), 91 (many living), 92, 96, 97, 100 (i shell), 101, 102, 106, 107 (few living), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (few), 115 (living and shells common), 117 (few living and shells), 118 (few shells), 120 (i shell), 121 (several liv ing), 122 (few shells), 123 (i shell), 126 (few shells), 128 (fewshells), 129 (i living), 132 (liv ing abundant), 133 (living), 134 (few), 135, 137 (i shell), 140 (i shell), 141 (few living and shells), 144 (living common), 148 (living com mon), 152 (i shell), 167 (few shells). Family LEPTONiD^B. Rochfortia planulata (Stimpson). Gould, 1870, p. 83 (Kellia planulata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 688, 310, etc. (Kellia planu lata); Ball, 1889, p. 48 (Kellia planulata). New Bedford. Gould. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, i to 8 fathoms, not common; "also sometimes found under stones at low water." Verrill. Montacuta percompressa Call. Verrill, i882d, p. 371 (Tellimya fcrruginosd) , Verrill, 1884, p. 666 (Tellimya ferruginosa); Verrill, i884a, p. 225 (Telliinya ferruginosa); Dall, 1889, p. 50 (Tellimya ferruginosa); Ver rill and Bush, 1898, p. 784 (Telliinya ferrugi nosa). Hadley Harbor, "Gut of Canso" and "gutters" of Naushon, in sand and mud below low- water mark. Verrill. Montacuta bidentata (Montagu). Verrill, i882d, p. 371; 1884; 18843; Verrill and Bush, 1898, p. 784. Vineyard Sound, 1875. Aligena elevata (Stimpson). Gould, 1870, p. 86 (Montacuta elevala); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 688, 418, etc. (Montacuta elevaia); Dall, 1889, p. 50 (Tellimya elevata); Verrill and Bush, 1898, p. 784 (Kelliopsis ek- vata). 6go BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Aligena elevata Continued. New Bedford. Gould. "Gut of Canso," Nau- shon "gutters" and "Sheep Pen Cove" at low water. Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound, three records at 10 to 14 fathoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7700*, 7718*, 7726*. Thyasira trisinuata (d Orbigny). Verrill, 1872, p. 287 (Cryptodon obesus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 687, 509 (Cryptodon obe- sus) , Verrill, 1882 c,p. 569 (Cryptodon obesus); Dall, 1889, p. 50 (Cryptodon obesus). Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, mud. Verrill. Thyasira gouldii (Phillippi). Gould, 1870, p. 100 (Cryptodon gouldii; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 686, 509 (Cryptodon gouldii); Dall, 1889, p. 50 (Cryptodon gouldii). " Buzzards Bay, 6 fathoms, mud; " also listed for " muddy bottoms off the open coast. " Verrill. Family LUCINID,E. ?Diiiaricella dentata (Wood). Gould, 1870, p. 99 (Lucina dentata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 86 4 l8 > etc - (Cyclas dentata); Dall, 1889, p. 50. Nantucket. Gould. "Not uncommon, dead, but rarely obtained living, in Vineyard Sound, 6 to 14 fathoms. " Verrill. Dwaricella quadrisulcata (d Orbigny). [Chart 141.] Dall, 1889, p. 50 (Hatteras to Trinidad). Shells dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout the length of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, chiefly in waters of less than 8 fathoms (2 to 12), on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7536 bis (i), 7546 bis (i shell), 7556 (i shell)*, 7556 bis (2 shells), 7566 (4 shells), 7577 (i shell), 7630 (few shells), 7632 (several shells), 7639 (i fragment), 7730 (i shell), 7761 (i fragment), 7769 (i shell). Phalarope stations: 82 (i shell), 98, 107 (i shell), 122 (shells), 136, 137 (i shell), 142 (2 shells), 144 (i shell), 152 (i shell). Phacoides filosus (Stimpson). Gould, 1870, p. 98 (Lucina filosa; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 686, 509 (Lucina filosa); Dall, 1889, p. 50 (Lucina filosa). Off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, soft mud. Verrill . Off Gay Head (2 stations) and Bay end of Quicks Hole; 8 to 17 fathoms, sand and shells. Survey. Fish Hawk station 7719 (i shell); Phalarope sta tions: 59 ( i shell), 82. (In each case identi fied by R. C. Osburn). Phacoides sp. Fish Hawk station: 7698 (i young living)*. Family CARDIID^E. Cardium pinnulatmn Conrad. [Chart 142.] Gould, 1870, p. 141 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 683, 423, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 52. Shells almost universally distributed in Buz zards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Living specimens dredged by the Survey in 4 to 17 fathoms, on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis, 7532 (i shell), 7533 bis (several shells), 7535 (i shell), 7537 bis (i shell), 7541 (few shells, i living), 7541 bis (i shell), 7546 bis (several), 7547 bis (few shells), 7552 (? i), 7556 bis (few shells), 7558 (few shells), 7562 (i shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7565 (2), 7568 (i shell), 7569, 7571 (i shell), 7577 (f^ w shells), 7578 (many shells, few liv ing), 7579, 75 8 ( J small shell), 7581 (several shells), 7582 (few shells), 7583 (few shells and living), 7585 (i living), 7591 (i shell), 7595 (few shells), 7597 (few shells), 7599 (2 shells, i living), 7601 (i shell), 7606 (i shell), 7610 (abundant shells), 7611, 7612 (many shells), 7613 (many shells), 7614 (many shells), 7616 (several shells), 7618 (many shells), 7619 (sev eral shells), 7620 (many shells), 7621 (many shells), 7622 (many shells), 7623 (few shells), 7624 (few shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (many shells), 7627 (i), 7629 (many shells), 7630 (sev eral shells), 7633 (few shells), 7634 (few shells), 7636 (several shells), 7637 (many shells), 7638 (few shells), 7639 (few), 7640 (many shells), 7641 (many living and shells), 7642 (fewshells), 7643 (many shells), 7644, 7645 (several shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7648 (sev eral shells), 7649 (few shells), 7650 (several shells), 7651 (many shells), 7652 (many living and shells), 7653 (few), 7654 (few shells), 7655 (few shells), 7656 (few shells), 7658 (few shells), 7659 (numerous shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (many shells), 7662 (numerous shells), 7663 (shells), 7664 (few shells in Diopatra tubes), 7668 (few shells), 7669 (few shells), 7671, 7672 (few shells), 7673 (shells and few living), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7680 (i living), 7682 (fewshells), 7686 (i shell), 7687 (i shell), 7688 (living and shells), 7695 (fewshells), 7697 (2 shells), 7698 (several shells). 7699 (i living), 7702 (i shell), 7704 (several shells), 7706 (i shell), 7707 (i shell), 7709 (2 shells), 7710 (2 shells), 7717 (several shells), 7718 (few shells), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (i liv- Dr. Dall is now of the belief that this species is not found north of Cape Hatteras. In that case, the records here given doubtless refer to the next species. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 601 Cardium pinnulatum Continued. ing and i shell), 7721 (i shell), 7723, 7724 (sev eral living), 7725 (few living), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (several shells), 7728 (few living), 7729 (few living), 7730 (few living and shells), 7731 (few shells), 7734 (i shell), 7736 (i shell), 7740 (i shell), 7741 (i shell), 7744 (i shell), 7778 (i shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (several shells, i living), 2 (many shells), 3 (few shells), 5 (i shell), 6 (2 shells), 7 (several shells), 8 (shells common), 9 (several), n (i), 15 (few), 18, 19 (few shells), 22 (i shell), 25 (i small liv ing), 27 (i shell), 28 (i), 29 (i), 32 (few shells), 34 (i shell), 35 (i fragment), 38 (fragments), 40 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (liv ing common), 53 (many shells), 56 (few), 57 (few), 5g(few), 60 (few shells), 62 (manyshells), 65 (many living and shells), 69 (few shells), 74 (i shell), 77 (few shells), 78 (living common), 79 (many shells and living), 80 (living), 81 (several shells), 83 (several shells), 85, 88 (few), 89 (few), 90, 91, 92 (shells), 93 (shells), 94, 95, 96, 98, 100 (shells), 101, 102, 103, 105 (shells), 107 (manyshells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (few), 115 (living and shells common), 116, 117 (few shells), 118 (few shells), 119 (i shell), 120 (i shell), 121 (shells), 122 (few), 123 (living and shells), 124 (few shells), 126 (few shells), 128 (common), 129, 130 (common), 132 (living and shells), 133 (shells common), 135, 136, 138 (few shells), 139 (several), 140 (few shells), 141 (liv ing), 143 (few shells), 144 (several), 145 (shells common), 146 (several living), 147 (shells com mon), 150 (few shells), 160 (i broken shell), 162 (many shells), 163 (few shells,) 164 (i shell), 165 (few shells), 166 (several shells), 167 (sev eral shells). Cardium ciliatum Fabricius. Crab Ledge at Fish Hawk station 7609 (25 fath oms, shells and gravel), 2 shells*. Lczvicardium mortoni Conrad. [Chart 143.] Gould, 1870, p. 143 (Liocardium mortoni); Ver- rill and Smith, 1873, p. 683, 358, etc.; Ball, 1889, p. 54 (Liocardium mortoni). Abundant in Buzzards Bay, particularly at in shore stations; shells taken at scattered sta tions in Vineyard Sound; living specimens dredged in 2 to 5 fathoms on various bottoms, with or without mud. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7528 (i shell), 7566 (i shell), 7569 bis, 7584 (i shell), 7610 (several shells), 7612 (several), 7613 (2 shells), 7614 (several shells), 7615 (few large, many young living), 7616 (several shells), 7618 (several shells), 7620 L&vicardium morto ni Continued . (i living, shells abundant), 7621 (manyshells), 7622 (several shells), 7625 (few shells), 7630 (many shells), 7631 (several shells), 7632 (few shells), 7633 (living and shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (many shells), 7639 (several shells), 7643 (few shells), .7644 (few shells), 7645 (many shells), 7648 (many shells), 7650 (fewshells), 7652 (fewshells), 7653 (fewshells), 7659 (numerous shells), 7694 (i), 7695 (i shell), 7702 (i small shell), 7751 (i shell), 7766 (i shell), 7769 (i shell), 7779 (2 shells). Phalarope stations: 2(1 shell), 8 (few), 9 (i), 42 (few shells), 71 (many living and shells), 72 (several shells), 87, 88 (i shell), 89, 91, 92, 93 (shells), 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100 (2 shells), 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (fewshells), 117 (several shells), 118 (few shells), 120, 122 (shells common), 123 (few shells), 124 (living and shells), 125 (living), 126 (i living), 127 (living), 128 (few), 129 (i), 130 (living com mon), 131, 132 (living common), 133 (living common), 135, 136 (fewshells), 137 (fewshells), 138 (shells common), 139, 140 (few shells), 141 (few shells)), 142 (shells common), 144 (living and shells), 145 (living and shells), 146 (several living), 147 (living common), 148 (shells com mon), 149 (many), 150 (few shells), 151 (few shells), 152 (few shells), 153 (i shell), 154 (2 shells), 155 (many living and shells), 156 (sev eral shells), 157 (few shells), 158 (few shells), 160 (2 shells), 162 (few shells), 163 (2 shells), 164 (i living, several shells). Family VENIUID^E. Cyclas islandica Lamarck. Black quahog. [Chart 144.] Gould, 1870, p. 129 (Cyprina islandica; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 683, 505 (Cyprina islandicaj; Call, 1889, p. 54 (Cyprina islandica). "Off Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, 19 fathoms, soft mud." Verrill. Western end of Vine yard Sound and mouth of Buzzards Bay, not uncommon. Survey. Dredged chiefly in waters of 10 fathoms or more, though recorded for 5 fathoms; found on various bottoms, living specimens being apparently more common where some mud is present. Fish Hawk stations: 7581 (i small shell)*, 7587 (several shells), 7596 (i valve)*, 7598 (i living and few shells), 7601 (i small living and i shell), 7607 (i living and i small shell)*, 7609 (i small shell)*, 7662 (fewshells), 7663, 7664 (i living), 7666 (i living, i shell), 7669 (few living and 692 BULLETIN OK THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Cyclas islandica Continued. shells), 7673 (i living), 7678 (numerous shells), 7680 (2 shells), 7682 (i shell), 7686 (i shell). 7702 (many shells), 7706 (several large shells 1 ), 7709 (i shell), 7722 (2 small shells), 7730 (i shell), 7731 (several shells). Phalarope stations: 62 (i), 78 (i living), 100 (i living). Family VENERlD/fi. Venus mercenaria Linnaeus. Quahog, round clam, hard clam, Little Neck clam. [Chart I45-] Gould, 1870, p. 133 (Venus mercenaria), p. 135 (Venus notata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 681, 359, etc.; Call, 1889, p. 54. Littoral distribution general throughout the region. Abundant in sand or mud, just below low-tide level, especially in harbors, estuaries, or other sheltered places, where it is also taken at depths of several fathoms. Shells, and occasionally living specimens, dredged by the Survey throughout the length of Buzzards Bay; much less frequent in Vineyard Sound. Shells recorded from depths of 2 to 13 fathoms, most frequently in mixtures of mud and sand; living specimens taken in depths as great as 6 fathoms, though rarely found within the field of the dredging operations. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (few shells), 7564 bis (i large shell), 7610(1 shell), 7612 (few small shells), 7613, 7615 (few small shells), 7616 (sev eral large shells), 7617 (2), 7618 (i shell), 7619 (few shells), 7620 (several shells), 7621 (many shells), 7622 (few shells), 7627 (several shells), 7636 (i young shell), 7639 (several fragments), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (few shells), 7642 (few shells), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (several living and shells), 7645 (i very small shell), 7646 (few fragments), 7647 (few shells and living), 7648 (several shells), 7649 (i small shell), 7650 (few shells), 7652 (few small), 7653 (few small shells), 7654 (i small shell), 7655 (few shells), 7656 (few small shells), 7668 (few small shells), 7672 (few shells), 7674 (several shells), 7675 (i large living and several small shells), 7679 (i small shell), 7695 (few small shells), 7730 (i large shell), 7736 (several fragments), 7760 (i worn shell), 7762 (several shells), 7772 (very much worn shell), 7778 (several large shells), 7783 (2 large shells). Phalarope stations: 5 (i large shell), 52 (few shells), 53 (2 shells), 65 (few shells), 68 (i shell), 71 (shells abundant), 72 (many shells and i living), 78 (i small), 79 (i small), So (few a Verrill and Smith, 1873, also list a " Tottenia manhatten Venus mercenaria Continued. shells), 81 (many shells), 82 (few shells), 85, 86, 89(1 shell), 93 (2 shells), 94, 95, 100, 101 (shells), 105 (shells), 107 (many living and shells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (i shell), 116, 119 (i small), 124 (shells), 125 (several shells), 127 (shells), 129 (common), 137 (i shell), 138 (i young shell), 139, 142 (i shell), 149 (i), 154 (i small), 155 (many shells), 156 (few shells, i living), 157 (several shells), 162 (2 shells), 163 (i shell), 164 (few shells), 165 (i large shell), 166 (i shell), 167 (many shells). Gemma gemma (Totten.) Gould, 1870, p. 137; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 682, 359, etc. (Totienia gemma); Ball, 1889, p. 56. Newport Harbor. Totten, cited by Gould. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Nantucket. Verrill. Katama Bay*, West Falmouth Har bor*. (Osburn and Cole, collectors). Shells found in enormous numbers by Mr. Edwards on beach at Waquoit Bay, February 17, 1909, where they had been washed ashore. Accord ing to Verrill this species is "peculiar to sandy shores, both above and below low-water mark, and it often occurs in immense numbers on the sandy fiats laid bare by the tides." Rarely met with in the Survey dredgings, though (shells only ?) were taken on a few occasions, in one case at a depth of 14 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations : 7726*, 7755*, Phalarope sta tion 19*. Callocardia morrhuana (Linsley). [Chart 146.] Gould, 1870, p. 131 (Cytherea convent); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 681, 432, etc. (Callista convexa); Ball, 1889, p. 56 (Cytherea convexa). Shells taken in abundance throughout Buzzards Bay, and in certain portions of Vineyard Sound; records for the living animals chiefly confined to the Bay. Survey. Living speci mens dredged in 2 to 15 fathoms, most fre quently on bottoms containing mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (i shell), 7543 (i shell), 7543 bis (i shell and fragment), 7546 bis (few shells), 7548 (several shells), 7554 (i shell), 7555 (i), 7558 (many shells), 7559 (few shells), 7560 (i shell), 7367 (2 shells)*, 7568 (few shells), 7569 (i shell), 7571 (i shell), 7572 (few shells), 7574(ishell), 7576 (several shells), 7577 (several shells), 7578 (several shells), 7581 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (i living), 7585 (several shells), 7592 (few small shells), 7594 (several large shells), 7598 (i shell), 7600 (i shell), 7602 (few shells), 7610 (i shell), 7611 sis, 1 which they are not sure is distinct from T. gemma. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 693 Callocardia morrhuana Continued. (few living and shells), 7612 (many living and shells), 7613 (many shells), 7615 (i shell), 7616 (several shells), 7617 (many shells), 7618 (sev eral shells), 7619 (several shells), 7620 (several shells), 7622 (several shells), 7623 (few frag ments), 7625 (few shells), 7627 (few), 7629 (i shell), 7630 (few shells), 7632, 7636 (few shells), 7637 (several shells), 7638 (several shells), 7639 (several shells), 7640 (few shells and living), 7641 (few shells), 7642 (few living and shells), 7643 (shells), 7644 (living and shells), 7645 (many shells), 7646 (few), 7647 (several shells and living), 7648 (several shells), 7649 (few shells), 7650 (many shells), 7651 (several shells), 7652 (few shells), 7653 (few shells), 7654 (many shells), 7655 (few shells), 7656 (few shells), 7657 (many shells), 7658, 7659 (many shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (many living and shells), 7662 (many shells), 7663 (few shells), 7664 (numerous shells, few living), 7665 (few shells), 7666 (few shells), 7668 (few shells), 7669 (living and shells), 7670, 7671 (numerous living and shells), 7672 (few shells), 7673 (few shells), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (sev eral shells), 7678 (many shells), 7679 (shells common), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (several shells), 7682 (several shells), 7685(1 shell), 7686, 7687 (few small shells), 7688 (i small shell), 7692 (i shell), 7695 (few small shells), 7698 (sev eral shells), 7699 (several shells), 7700 (several shells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (several shells), 7703 (few shells), 7706 (i shell), 7707 (i shell), 7708 (i shell), 7709 (i shell), 7710*, 7717, (i shell), 7718 (i shell), 7719 (several shells), 7722 (i shell), 7723 (2 shells), 7724 (several shells and small living), 7726 (several shells*, 7728*, 7729 (several small shells), 7730, 7731 (several shells), 7735 (2 shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (i shell), 6 (few shells), 7 (many shells), 9 (i shell), 15 (i shell), 19 (several shells), 20 (i small living), 28 (2), 50 (i small shell), 52 (many shells), 53 (many shells), 55 (i shell), 61 (i fragment), 65 (i shell), 68 (few shells), 71 (many), 72 (few living and shells), 74 (2 shells), 76 (few shells), 77 (2), 78 (few), 79 (many shells), 80 (several shells), 81 (many), 82 (few shells), 83 (few), 84 (few shells), 85, 86, 88 (i living), 89, 90, 92 (shells), 93 (i living, several shells), 94, 95, 96, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104, 107 (many living and shells), 109, no, 114 (few shells), 115 (shells common), 117 (i shell), 118 (living), 119 (few shells), 120 (i shell), 122 (several shells), 123 (living and shells), 124 (several shells), 125 Callocardia morrhuana Continued, (several shells), 126 (few shells), 129 (living), 131 (few shells), 133 (i shell), 138 (few shells), 139, 140, 141 (few shells), 142 (i small shell), 143 (i shell), 144 (few small), 151 (i living), 157 (? i shell), 160 (i young)*, 161 (i living, several shells)*, 162 (i living, several shells)*, 164(1 living, many shells)*, 165 (many shells)*, 166 (many shells)*. Family PETRICOUWS. Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck. [Chart 147.] Gould, 1870, p. 90; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 680, 372, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 58. " Buzzards Bay ; Vineyard Sound (Lackeys Bay, etc.)," dwelling particularly on shores of mud or clay. Verrill. Living specimens dredged only once , near the Sound shore of Cutty hunk ; shells frequently taken throughout the Sound and lower end of the Bay, in 3 to 17 fathoms, on nearly every sort of bottom. Survey. Ram Island, Eel Pond. G. M. Gray. New Bed ford Harbor, Fort Phoenix. L. J. Cole. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (2 shells), 7533 bis (i shell), 7541 (i shell), 7541 bis (i shell), 7543 (i fragment), 7553 (i shell), 7556 bis (i shell), 7558 (i shell), 7563 (i shell), 7565 bis (i very small), 7566 (i fragment), 7567 (several shells), 7568 (i shell), 7572 (2 shells), 7579 (i shell), 7596 (2 shells), 7643 (few shells), 7655 (i small shell), 7656, 7660 (2 shells), 7669 (i shell), 7675 (i shell), 7678 (few shells), 7699 (i young), 7701 (several shells), 7705, 7719 (i small shell), 7724 (i shell fragment), 7725 (2 shells), 7729 (i very small living), 7736 (i shell), 7744 (i fragment), 7774 (i fragment), 7779 (few shells), 7780 (i fragment). Phalarope stations: 2 (i shell), 6 (i fragment), 13, 15 (several shells), 28 (i shell), 33 (very many living), 52 (2 shells), 53 (i shell), 60 (i shell), 66 (i), 71 (i shell), 82 (several shells), 104, 114 (i shell), 117 (i shell). Family PSAMMOBIID^E. Tagelus gibbus Gray. [Chart 148.] Gould, 1870, p. 43 (Solecurtus gibbus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 675, 373, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 58. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not un common." Verrill. Upper half of Buzzards Bay, for the most part at stations near the shore; not recorded for the Sound; dredged in 2 to 7 fathoms, chiefly on sandy and muddy bottoms; with one exception, shells only. Survey. 694 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tagelus gibbus Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7610 (i shell), 7614(1 shell), 7620 (i shell), 7621 (few shells), 7625 (2 shells), 7626 (r shell), 7630 (few shells), 7632 (i shell), 7633 (few shells), 7639 (several shells), 7643 (i shell), 7645 (i shell). Phalarope stations: 109 (r living), 117 (i shell), 122 (2 shells), 127 (shells common), 129 (i small), 130 (2 small), 137 (2 shells), 140 (i shell), 141 (several shells), 145 (2 shells), 146 (several shells), 147 (several shells), 149 (few shells), 156, 153 (several shells), 154 (i young). Tagelus divisus (Spengler) . Gould, 1870, p. 44 (Solecurlus divisus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 676, 435; Dall, 1889, p. 58. Buzzards Bay. Gould. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not common." Verrill. Family TELUNHXE. Tellina tenella Verrill. Verrill, 1872, p. 285 (Angulus modestus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 677 (Angnlus tenellus); Verrill, 1882 c, p. 568 (Angulus tenellus); Dall, 1889, p. 60. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Recorded but once by the Survey, at Fish Hawk station 7694*, near the mouth of Vineyard Sound, 12^2 fath oms, stony. Tellina tenera Say. [Chart 149.] Gould, 1870, p. 97 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 677, 358, etc. (An gulus tener); Dall, 1889, p. 60. Abundant and generally distributed both in Buz zards Bay and Vineyard Sound; Hying speci mens dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on bottoms of sand or mud or mixtures of the two. Sur vey. Also occurs on sandy and muddy shores at low-water mark. Verrill. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (few), 7525 bis (few shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (2 shells)*, 7533 bis (i shell), 7542 bis (fairly abundant), 7546 bis (few shells), 7550 bis (i shell), 7552 bis (few shells), 7554 (few shells), 7554 bis (many shells), 7556 bis (many shells), 7559 (i shell), 7560 (i shell), 7562 bis (i shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7564 bis (i shell), 7566 (numerous shells), 7567 (several shells), 7568 (many shells), 7569 (few shells), 7569 bis (few shells), 7570 (2 shells), 7572 (few shells), 7574 (many shells), 7575 (many shells), 7579 (i shell), 7580 (several shells), 7581 (i shell), 7584 (few shells), 7586 (i shell), 7593 (i shell), 7596 (i living and shells), 7597 (many shells), 7610 (several shells), 7612 (few shells), 7613 (i living), 7614 (few shells), 7615 (several shells), 7616 (living and several shells), 7618 (few shells), 7619 (sev- Tellina tenera Continued. eral living), 7620 (many shells), 7622 (few liv ing), 7623 (many), 7624 (many living and shells), 7626 (several shells), 7629 (few shells), 7632 (few shells), 7633 (many living and shells), 7634, 7635 (few shells), 7636 (i shell), 7639 (few shells), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (2 shells), 7643 (few shells), 7645 (many shells and living), 7648 (several shells), 7650 (few shells), 7651 (i), 7652 (i living), 7653 (few living), 7654 (i living), 7656, 7664, 7665 (few in Diopatra tubes), 7666 (i living and several shells), 7667 (i living and several shells), 7668 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (i living), 7682 (i living), 7683 (i shell), 7685 (2 or 3 living), 7686, 7687 (few living and shells), 7688 (few living and shells), 7695 (many shells), 7696 (i shell), 7698 (i living and few shells), 7699 (few living), 7700 (few shells), 7701 (many shells), 7702 (i shell), 7703 (several shells), 7704 (many living and shells), 7705 (few living and shells), 7706 (few shells), 7707 (few shells), 7709 (few shells), 7710 (several shells), 7717 (several shells), 7718, 7719 (shells), 7723 (i shell), 7725 (few living and shells), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (few shells), 7729 (i living and shells), 7730 (few living and i shell), 7731 (few shells), 7734 (several shells), 7738 (several shells), 7744 (i shell), 7750 (few shells), 7751 (2 shells), 7755 (i shell), 7761 (i shell), 7762 (i shell), 7766 (i shell), 7771 (several shells), 7779 (few living and shells) . Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few living and shells), 3 (few shells), 6 (few), 7 (shells), 15, 17, 20 (few shells), 23 (i shell), 29 (few), 30 (i), 33 (few shells), 34 (few), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 50 (i shell), 52 (few shells), 53 (many shells), 55 (few shells), 60 (few shells), 61 (several shells), 62 (few). 64 (few shells), 66 (many shells), 67 (many shells), 71 (several shells and living), 72 (few shells), 74 (few shells), 75 (few shells), 76 (few shells), 78 (i living), 82 (few shells), 85, 89, 90, 91, 92 (shells), 94, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100 (shell and living), 101 (living and shells), 102, 103, 104, 107 (many living and shells), 108, 109, 118 (few shells), 119 (i shell), 120 (living), 122 (few), 123 (living and shells), 124 (shells), 125 (living and shells), 126 (living and shells), 127 (living common), 129 (shells), 137 (i shell), 138 (few shells), 139, 140 (few shells), 142 (sev eral), 145 (few), 146 (several shells), 151 (living common), 152 (several living and shells), 153 (living), 154 (few living and shells), 155 (few shells), 159 (i broken shell ?), 160 (2 living), 163 (i shell), 164 (several living), 165 (few shells), 166 (i living, many shells). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OK WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 695 Macoma tenta Say. [Chart 150.] Gould, 1870, p. 96 (Tellina tenta); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 678, 429, etc. (Tellina tenta); Dall, 1889, p. 60. Dartmouth Harbor, New Bedford Harbor. Adams. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay 2 to 10 fathoms, mud, common;" Hadley Har bor. Verrill. Survey records, with one ex ception, confined to Buzzards Bay, where liv ing specimens were dredged at depths of 3 to 7 fathoms, on bottoms of mud or muddy sand. Fish Hawk stations: 7612 (few shells), 7613 (few shells), 7617 (few shells), 7619 (few shells), 7620 (many shells), 7622 (few shells), 7623 (few living and shells), 7624 (several shells and liv ing), 7629 (few living and shells), 7638 (few shells), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (few shells), 7643 (several shells), 7645 (few shells), 7646 (many shells and living), 7647 (shells), 7649 (shells common), 7658, 7675 (i shell), 7727 (several shells). Phalarope stations: 88 (i shell), 92 (shells), 119 (several living and shells), 120 (living and shells), 125 (i living), 127 (living), 143 (several shells), 159 (several shells), 160 (several living and shells), 161 (several living), 162 (few liv ing), 164 (i), 165 (i shell), 166 (several shells). Macoma balthica (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 93 (Macoma fusca; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 676, 359, etc. (Macoma fragilis and M. fusca.) Wareham River, shallow water at low tide. Cole. Nonamesset Island, i shell. Osburn. Tisbury Great Pond, perhaps common (sev eral living specimens collected by Mr. Ed wards). Not recorded among the shells taken by the dredge. Common, according to Ver rill, on muddy shores, between tides. Verrill states that two varieties, fusca and fra gilis, are taken together, which, in this region, grade insensibly into each other. ? Macoma cakarea (Gmelin). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 677 (Macoma sabu- losa). No definite local records, though this region is included within range of the species as stated. Family SOLENID..E. Siliqua costata (Gould). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 675, 358, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 70. Vineyard Sound, sandy shores and bottoms. Verrill. One young specimen (shell or liv ing ?) recorded by the Survey from Fish Hawk station 7685*, at mouth of Vineyard Sound, in 17 fathoms. Ensis directus Conrad. Razor clam, razor shell, razor fish. [Chart 151.] Gould, 1870, p. 40 (SoUn ensis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 674, 356, etc. (Ensatella americana); Dall, 1889, p. 72 (Ensis americana); Mead, 1898 (Solen ensis). Shells abundant throughout both Sound and Bay, in 2 to 19 fathoms, on bottoms of every kind; living specimens abundant in the Bay, in 2 to 8 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of muddy sand and sandy mud, scarcely ever dredged in the Sound. Survey. This species is also lit toral and adlittoral in its habitat, forming deep burrows in the sand. Large living specimens reported by Osburn in a sand flat near entrance of Lagoon Pond; probably common in all sim ilar localities. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (2 shells), 7521 bis (few fragments), 7225 bis (few shells), 7527 (several shells), 7528 (few shells), 7529 (i shell), 7531 (i shell), 7532 (few shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (several shells), 7533 bis (several shells), 7534 (i shell), 7534 bis (few shells), 7535 (few shells), 7536 (several shells), 7536 bis (fragments), 7537 (many shells), 7538 (shells), 7538 bis (few shells), 7541 (few shells), 7543 (many shells), 7544 (few shells), 7545 (few shells), 7546 bis (many fragments), 7547 (few shells), 7547 bis (many shells ), 7549 (many shells), 7549 bis (few shells ), 7550 (shells), 7551 (few shells), 7551 bis (few shells), 7552 bis (i shell), 7553 bis (i shell), 7554 (few shells), 7554 bis (few shells), 7556 bis (few shells), 7558 (i shell), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis (few fragments ), 7565 bis (few fragments), 7566 (few shells), 7567 (i shell), 7568 (few shells), 7569 bis (few fragments) , 7570 (i shell), 7571 (ishell), 7572 (fewshells),7574(fewshells), 7576 (i shell), 7577 (several shells), 7591 (i shell), 7595 (i shell), 7598 (ishell), 7612 (shell and fragments), 7613 (several shells, i living), 7614 (fragments), 7615 (few, manyyoung), 7616 (several fragments), 7619 (few shells), 7620 (shells abundant), 7621 (few shells), 7622 (few shells), 7624 (few young and living), 7625 (many shells and living), 7626 (few shells), 7627 (few), 7629 (shells and small living), 7630 (few frag ments), 7631 (i fragment), 7632 (several shells), 7633 (many living and shells), 7634 (many liv ing), 7635 (shells and fragments), 7636 (few frag ments), 7637 (i small living), 7639 (several shells and fragments), 7640 (few living and shells), 7643 (few young living, fragments and shells), 7644 (small living and many fragments), 764;; (many shells and living), 7646 (many small liv ing and shells), 7647 (few shells, small living). 696 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Ensis directus Continued. 7648 (many shells), 7650 (many young living), 7652 (numerous small living), 7653 (few small living), 7655 (fewsmall living), 7656(fewshells), 7659 (few shells), 7668 (few small living), 7670 (few shells), 7674 (few living and shells), 7675 (many shells and living), 7679 (i shell), 7681 (i small shell and fragment), 7699 (i frag ment), 7700 (r shell), 7703, 7706 (several shells), 7708 (several shells), 7717 (fragments), 7721 (fragments), 7724 (i shell), 7726 (several fragments), 7730 (i shell), 7731 (several shells), 7738 (i shell), 7740 (i fragment), 7744 (i frag ment), 7748 (several fragments), 7752 (several fragments), 7755 (few fragments), 7756 (frag ments), 7760 (fragments), 7761 (few shells), 7762 (several shells), 7764 (fragments), 7766 (many shells and fragments), 7767 (few frag ments), 7768 (i fragment), 7769 (many frag ments and shells), 7770 (several shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (several shells), 7773 (several shells), 7774 (few shells), 7775 (sev eral shells), 7776 (several shells), 7777 (many shells and fragments), 7778 (many shells), 7780 (few shells), 7781 (few shells), 7782 (few shells) , 7783 (many fragments). Phalarope stations: i (i shell), 2 (few shells), 3 (many shells, i living), 4 (few shells), 5 (several shells), 6 (few shells), 7 (few shells), 8 (few shells), 9 (i shell), n (i), 13 (i fragment), 14 (i), 15 (fewshells), 17 (i fragment), 19 (i young living), 24 (i shell), 28 (fragments.), 29 (i shell), 43 (shells), 52 (small living), 53 (i small), 58, 62 (few), 65 (several shells), 66 (several shells), 68 (few shells), 71 (few shells), 72 (several shells), 73 (i shell), 74 (few shells), 75 (few shells), 76 (few shells), 77 (few shells), 78 (i shell), 79 (few shells), 80 (i fragment), 81 (few shells), 82 (few shells), 83 (shells), 85, 88 (i shell), 89, go, 91, 92 (shells), 94, 95, 98, 99 (shells), 100 (i shell), 101, 102, 103, 106, 107 (living and shells), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (few shells), 115 (i shell), 117 (fewshells), 118 (sev eral), 122 (few shells), 123 (shells), 124 (shells), 125 (several shells), 126 (shells), 127 (i shell), 128 (several shells), 129 (shells), 130 (several shells), 131 (common), 132 (few shells), 133 (shells), 134 (i shell), 135 (i shell), 136, 137 (few), 138 (shell), 139 (many fragments), 140 (shells), 142 (several shells), 144 (shells com mon), 145 (few shells), 146 (several shells), 148 (several shells), 149 (many shells), 150 (shells common), 151, 152 (few shells), 153 (i shell), 154 (many shells and living), 155 (few shells), 156 (i shell), 158 (few shells), 160 (2 shells), Ensis directus Continued. 162 (i shell), 163 (i small living), 164 (several shells and small living), 165 (several shells), 167 (many shells). A. D. Mead ("Biological Notes," No. i) reports the taking of a large number of young, measur ing from i to 10 mm. long, in tow at Wickford, R. I. , June 20, 1899. For a good description of habits see Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 356-357. Family SEMBLID^E. Cumingia tellinoides Conrad. [Chart 152.] Gould, 1870, p. 79; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 679, 374, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 62. Shells common in Vineyard Sound, particularly in the eastern half; in the Bay, common at the inshore stations; dredged in from 2 to 15 fath oms, chiefly at depths of 10 fathoms or less, on quite various bottoms; living specimens rarely taken at these depths. Survey. Found by Osburn at the head of Lagoon Pond, living in 6 feet of water, and doubtless common in the shallower waters generally. It is possible that most of the shells scattered throughout Vine yard Sound have been carried thither by currents. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (3, i living), 7525 bis, 7527 (few), 7528 (few), 7532 (2 shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (few), 7533 bis (several shells), 7536 bis (i shell), 7537 (3, 2 in Diopatra tube), 7538 (several, 2 in Diopatra tube), 7538 bis (several), 7543 (4 shells), 7544 (few shells), 7547 bis (few living), 7554 (i shell), 7554 bis (i shell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7566 (i shell), 7568 (few shells), 7569 bis (i shell), 7584 (i shell), 7610 (several shells), 7611 (i shell), 7614 (several shells), 7631 (i small), 7639 (i shell), 7643 (several shells), 7659 (many shells), few living), 7675 (few shells), 7694 (several shells), 7695 (i shell), 7703 (2 shells), 7732 (2 shells), 7744 (i shell), 7746 (i fragment), 7751 (i shell), 7752 (2 shells), 7753 (several shells), 7755 (sev eral shells), 7758 (i shell), 7759 (i shell), 7760 (i shell), 7767 (i fragment), 7769 (several shells), 7771 (several shells), 7776 (i shell), 7777 (i shell), 7779 (i small shell), 7780 (i small shell), 7781 (i shell), 7782 (i shell). Phalarope stations: i (few shells), 2 (few shells), 3 (few shells), 4 (2), 5 (few shells), 6 (several shells), 7 (few shells), 8 (shells common), 9 (i shell), ii (i), 15 (few shells), 16 (i shell), 26 (i living), 28 (i), 32 (i shell), 34 (i shell), 43 (shells), 52 (fewshells), 62 (i), 65 (2 shells), 71 (i shell), 72 (few shells), 77 (i shell), 78 (i shell), 83 (2 shells), 86, 88 (i shell), 89, 91, 92, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 697 Cumingia telliiioidcs Continued. 94 (i shell), 95, 96, 97, 98, 101, 108, no, 113, 116, 117 (many shells), 118 (few shells), 119 (i shell), 120 (i shell), 121 (several shells), 122 (shells common), 123 (shells), 128 (few shcllsi. 130 (few shells), 131 (shells), 133 (few shells), 134 (shells common), 135, 137 (i shell), 141 (common), 142 (several shells), 144, 146 (i shell), 147 (few shells), 150, 167 (i shell). Observed in act of depositing eggs in latter part of July and early August; probably breeds all summer. G. A. Drew. Family MACTRID.E. Spisu la so lidissima ( Dillwyn). Surf clam, sea clam . [Chart 153.] Gould, 1870, p. 73 (Mactra so lidissima); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 680, 358, etc. (RIacira so lidissima); Ball, 1889, p. 62 (Mactra solidis- sima). Abundant throughout the Sound, and common at the inshore stations and lower end of the Bay; almost wholly absent from the deeper waters of the latter ; recorded from Crab Ledge ; living specimens dredged in i to 19 fathoms, predominantly on bottoms free from mud: shells more generally distributed. Survey. The living specimens taken during the Survey dredging were all or nearly all small; shells of large size were frequently taken, however. Mr. Gray reports that half-grown living speci mens are to be found on Devils Foot Island, and at Falmouth Heights, no full-grown speci mens having been taken b) r him in this region. According to Verrill, "its proper home is on sandy bottoms in shallow water, just beyond low-water mark and down to the depth of 4 or 5 fathoms." Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (many large and small shells), 7521 bis (several living). 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 (2 shells), 7528 (few shells), 7529 (i shell), 7531 (few shells), 7531 bis (i shell), 7532 (several shells), 7532 bis (many shells), 7533 (many shells), 7533 bis (several shells), 7535 (several shells), 7536 bis (several shells and living), 7537 (several shells), 7538 (several shells), 7541 bis (many shells), 7542 (few shells), 7542 bis (several shells), 7543 (numer ous shells), 7543 bis (several shells), 7544 (many shells), 7546 (several shells), 7546 bis (few shells), 7547 bis (few shells), 7548 (few shells), 7549 (few shells), 7549 bis (few shells), 7550 (few shells), 7550 bis (few shells), 7551 (few shells), 7551 bis (? i fragment), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 (i shell), 7554 (many shells), Spisula solidissima Continued. 7554 bis (many shells), 7556 (few shells), 7556 bis (many shells), 7557 (few shells), 7558 (many shells), 7560 (i shell), 7561 (few shells), 7562 (i shell), 7563 (many shells), 7563 bis (few shells and small living), 7564 (few), 7564 bis (few shells), 7565 (few), 7565 bis (few shells), 7566 (many shells, i very small living), 7567 (few small), 7568 (i living and many shells), 7569 (i shell), 7570 (few shells), 7572 (many shells), 7574 (few shells), 7575 (several shells), 7576 (few shells), 7578 (few shells), 7579 (few shells), 7580 (few small shells), 7581 (shells), 7583 (i shell), 7584 (few shells), 7585 (i living), 7587 (i living and i shell), 7588 (i shell), 7589 (r shell), 7591 (many small shells), 7592 (few shells), 7593 (fewshells), 7595 (i), 7596 (2 small living), 7597 (fewshells), 7598 (few small living and shells), 7601 (few shells and i living), 7604 (i broken shell), 7606 (i fragment), 7607 (i liv ing), 7609 (several shells), 7610 (i fragment), 7614 (i fragment), 7615 (i fragment), 7630 (few shells), 7636 (few shells), 7639 (few shells), 7643 (shells), 7659 (many small shells), 7664 (fewshells on Diopatra tubes), 7666 (few shells), 7667 (few small shells), 7671 (few shells), 7672 (few shells), 7674 (living and shells), 7675 (sev eral shells), 7678 (few small shells), 7679 (sev eral shell fragments), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (several shells), 7682 (i living and small shells), 7683 (2 large shells), 7687 (r small shell), 7689 (i shell), 7695 (few shells), 7696 (few shells), 7697 (few shells), 7698 (few small shells), 7699 (several very large and small shells and i living), 7700 (several large and small shells and i living), 7701 (few large and small shells), 7702 (several small shells), 7703, 7704 (i large and few small), 7705 (few small living and shells), 7706 (few shells), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (i large and few shells), 7717 (few shells and fragments), 7718 (few shells), 7719 (many shells and i small living), 7720 (i shell), 7721 (i), 7722 (i fragment), 7723 (i,) 7724 (i shell), 7725 (few small living and shells), 7726 (many small shells), 7727 (many small shells), 7728 (i small shell), 7729 (2 small shells), 7730 (several shells), 7731 (few small shells), 7732 (i small living), 7734 (few medium and small shells), 7735 (several shells), 7736 (i small liv ing and i shell), 7739 (i large and several small), 7740 (few shells), 7750 (i small shell), 7751 (few shells), 7752 (few shells), 7753 (few shells), 7754 (i small shell), 7755 (few shells), 7764 (several shells), 7765 (very many large shells), 7769 (many large shells), 7771 (i living 698 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Spisula solidissima Continued. and few shells), 7772 (many shells), 7774 (few large and medium shells), 7775 (few shells), 7776 (many large and medium shells), 7777 (many shells), 7778 (many shells), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (i living and many shells), 7781 (many shells), 7782 (many large and small shells), 7783 (many large and small shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (several shells), 2 (many shells), 3 (many shells), 4 (several shells), 6 (few shells), 7 (i shell), 9 (i), 10 (i shell), 13, 15 (few shells), 25 (2 shells), 28 (i), 32 (i shell), 33 (2 small), 34 (few), 37 (i shell), 38 (i living), 39 (few dead), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 51 (several living), 52 (many shells), 55 (few shells), 57 (i), 60 (few small shells), 61 (several shells), 62 (several shells), 65 (i shell), 66 (many small shells), 67 (few shells), 68 (several shells), 69 (i shell), 71 few shells), 72 (few shells), 76 (few shells), 81, 82 (shells), 89, 90, 91, 93 (i shell), 95, 99 (shells), 100 (shells), 101, 102, 103, 105 (living), 106, 107 (few shells), 109, no, in (shells), 113, 115 (i shell), 118 (several shells), 120 (living and shells), 122 (i shell), 123 (shells), 135 (i shell), 137 (i shell), 142 (i), 167 (shells abun dant). Mulinia lateralis (Say). [Chart 154.] Gould, 1870, p. 77 (Mactra lateralis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 680, 373, etc.; Call, 1889, p. 62 (Mactra lateralis). Living animals abundant throughout Buzzards Bay, in 4 to 9 fathoms, nearly always in mud or mixtures of mud and sand ; shells occasion ally taken at the western end of Vineyard Sound. Survey. Mr. Edwards found this species living in great abundance at Tisbury Great Pond. Fish Hawk stations: 7597 (shells), 7611 (many living and shells), 7612 (many living and shells), 7613 (many living and shells), 7614 (several living and shells), 7617 (several shells and living), 7618 (several shells and living), 7619 (several living and shells), 7620 (few liv ing), 7621 (few living), 7622 (few living and shells), 7623 (living), 7624 (few shells), 7629 (few shells), 7630 (many small shells), 7631 (many shells), 7632 (few shells), 7636 (few shells), 7637 (many living and shells), 7638 (several shells), 7640 (several shells), 7641 (very many living and shells), 7642 (many liv ing and shells), 7644 (several living and shells), 7645 (few shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7649 (shells common), 7650 (numer ous shells), 7651 (few shells), 7652 (few shells), 7653 (few shells), 7654 (many shells), 7655 Mulinia lateralis Continued. (fewshells), 7657 (many living and shells), 7658 (living and shells), 7659 (numerous shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (many shells), 7662 (few shells), 7663, 7668 (several shells), 7669 (many shells), 7673 (few shells), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7680 (i shell), 7681 (i small shell), 7696 (fewshells), 7697(1 shell)*, 7700 (shells), 7701 (2 shells), 7703 (i shell), 7704 (2 shells), 7706 (i shell), 7726. Phalarope stations: 43 (shells), 52 (few shells), 80 (few shells), 81 (few), 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 (sev eral living), 94, 95, 96, 98, 106, 107 (many liv ing and shells), 108, 109, no, 115 (several shells), 124 (i living and shells), 136, 141 (i shell), 143 (shells common), 154 (2 shells), 159 (few living and many shells), 160 (many shells), 161 (many shells), 162 (few), 163 (several shells), 164 (few shells), 165 (many shells), 166 (several shells). Verrill states that this species constitutes an important item of the food of the scup and some other fishes. Family MESODESMATID^. Mesodesma arctatutn Conrad. Gould, 1870, p. 80 (Ceronia arctata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 679, 426, etc. (Ceronia arctata) . Nantucket. rare. Gould. Family THRACIID^E. Thracia conradi Couthouy. [Chart 155.] Gould, 1870, p. 69; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 673, 426, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 64. Buzzards Bay. Gould. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Shells dredged at the western end of Vineyard Sound and one station near the mouth of Buzzards Bay; 6 to 19 fathoms, on sandy bottoms; no living specimens re corded. Survey. According to Verrill, this mollusk buries itself 6 inches or more beneath the surface of the sand. Fish Hawk stations: 7594 (2 shells)*, 7678 (i broken shell), 7679 (i fragment), 7681 (2 shells), 7682 (2 shells), 7702 (i shell), 7706 (i shell), 7708 (i shell), 7724 (several large shells). Phalarope station 80 (i shell). Thracia septentrionalis Jeffreys. Gould, 1870, p. 72 (Thracia truncata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 674, 509, etc. (Thracia trun cata; not listed specifically for this region.) Off Marthas Vineyard. Agassiz, cited by Gould. Crab Ledge and the western end of Vineyard Sound; 6 to 19 fathoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7604 (2 broken shells)*, 7605 (i living)*, 7679 (i shell), 7706*. Phalarope station 65 (i shell). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 699 Family PERIPI.OMATID/E. Periploma papyracea Verrill. Gould, 1870, p. 66 (Anatina papyracea) , Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 673, 509, etc. Newport. Gould, after Totten. "Muddy bot toms off the open coast." Verrill. Menem- sha Bight, at Fish Hawk station 7728*, 8 fath oms, sticky mud. Survey. Periploma sp. Vineyard Sound, near Menemsha Bight (Fish Hawk station 7724)*. Cochlodesma leanum Couthouy. [Chart 156.] Gould, 1870, p. 68; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 673, 418, etc.; Ball, 1889, p. 64. About Nantucket. Gould. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Shells taken throughout Vineyard Sound and at numerous inshore stations of Buzzards Bay; at 2 to 19 fathoms, chiefly at depths less than 8 fathoms; recorded princi pally for bottoms of sand and gravel; taken once at Crab Ledge ; living specimens recorded only twice in the dredgings. Survey. Vine yard Haven, on sand flats near bridge, liv ing. Osbum. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (2 shells), 7542 bis (several shells), 7549 bis (? 2 fragments), 7556 bis (i shell), 7562 bis (i shell), 7563 bis (i shell), 7595 (3 shells)*, 7597 (2 shells), 7604 (i shell), 7694*, 7695 (2 shells), 7700 (several shells), 7701 (several shells), 7702 (several shells), 7706, 7739 (i shell), 7745 (i fragment), 7752 (i shell), 7760 (i shell), 7761 (i shell), 7764 (i fragment), 7766 (i shell), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (several shells), 7774 (i shell), 7777 (i shell), 7778 (i shell), 7779 (few shells), 7780 (i shell), 7782 (several shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 4 (several shells), 8 (several), 9 (2 shells), 22 (2), 30 (i living), 37 (few shells), 38 (few shells), 52 (abundant), 61 (i), 64 (few living and shells), 65 (several shells), 66 (many shells), 67 (sev eral shells), 68 (several shells), 83 (i shell), 99, 100 (i shell), 101, 102, 108, 109, 113 (i shell), 118 (few shells), 130 (2 shells), 135, 141 (few shells), 142 (few), 152 (i shell). Family LYONSHD^S. Lyonsia hyalina Conrad. [Chart 157.] Gould, 1870, p. 64 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 672, 358, etc.; Call, 1889, p. 64. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Verrill. More common in the Bay than in the Sound, Lyonsia hyalina Continued. and in both chiefly restricted to inshore sta tions. Survey. Dredged in from 2 to 17 fath oms, principally at depths of less than 8 fath oms, on various kinds of bottoms, including muddy ones; chiefly living specimens taken. Fish Hawk stations: 7532 (i living), 7611 (i liv ing), 7614 (several living), 7616 (few shells), I living), 7618 (i living), 7620 (i living), 7625 (i small living), 7626 (i living), 7629 (i living), 7630 (i small living), 7668 (i shell), 7685 (2 shells), 7686 (i shell), 7687 (numerous shells and living), 7688 (i shell), 7720, 7724 (i shell), 7725 (few shells), 7726 (i), 7728 (fragment), 7729 (several living), 7730 (3 shells), 7750 (i shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (2 shells), 7 (i living and i shell), 9 (several living), 15 (few), 19 (few living), 20(1 shell), 52 (i living), 60 (i living), 64 (several living), 78 (several living), 79 (shells), 81, 86, 91, 95, 96, 98, 100 (i living), 101, 102, 105 (living), in (living), 113, 114 (i living), 116, 117 (2 living), 118 (few liv ing), 122 (few living), 128 (living common), 129 (living), 130 (common, living and shells), 135 (few living), 138 (several living), 140 (sev eral), 141 (few living), 146 (i living), 147 (few living and shells), 159 (i living), 160 (i living, i shell), 164 (several living). Family PANDORID<E. Clidiophora gouldiana Dall. [Chart 158.] Gould, 1870, p. 62 (Pandora trilineata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 673, 418, etc. {Clidiophora tritineala); Dall, 1889, p. 68. Living specimens and shells abundant and of general distribution, both in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, this being one of the com monest mollusks of the region; shells recorded from one station at Crab Ledge. Survey. Living specimens dredged in 3 to 19 fathoms, predominantly on bottoms of sand or mud or mixtures of the two; less commonly found among stones and gravel. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 (i shell), 7527 (i shell), 7532 bis (2), 7533 bis (several shells), 7534 (r shell), 7535 (several shells), 7536 (i shell), 7537 (2 shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7538 (2 shells), 7538 bis (i shell), 7539 (2 shells), 7541 (2 shells, i living), 7541 bis (few shells), 7542 bis (few shells), 7543 (few shells, i living), 7544 (i liv ing), 7545 (i shell), 7547 (i shell), 7547 bis (i shell), 7549 (2 living), 7549 bis (i shell), 7551 (2 shells), 7551 bis (few shells), 7553 bis (i shell), 7554 (few shells), 7556 (i shell), 7558 yoo BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Clidiophora gou Idia no. Continued . (fe\v shells), 7563 (ishell), 7563 bis (few shells), 7565 bis (i living), 7571 (few shells), 7574 (2 shells), 7575 (several shells), 7576 (several liv ing and shells), 7578 (i), 7579 (few shells), 7582 (few shells), 7584 (few living and shells), 7585 (several), 7591 (i shell), 7595 (i shell), 7597 (2 shells), 7598 (several shells), 7601 (i), 7605, 7610 (i shell), 7611 (few living), 7612 (several), 7613 (several living), 7614 (i shell), 7616 (i small), 7617 (several living), 7618 (few shells), 7619, 7621 (few shells), 7622 (living), 7623 (few living), 7624 (i small), 7626 (i living), 7630 (2 living), 7633 (few living), 7636 (few shells), 7637 (several shells), 7638 (several shells), 7639 (few shells), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (many liv ing), 7642 (many living), 7643 (several living and shells), 7644 (several living and shells), 7645, 7646 (few), 7647 (i shell), 7648 (few shells), 7649 (few living and shells), 7650 (few), 7652 (i shell), 7653 (few shells), 7654 (living and shells), 7655 (few living and shells), 7656 (few), 7657 (many living), 7658 (few living and shells), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (few shells), 7661 (numerous living and shells), 7662 (nu merous living and shells), 7663 (shells and liv ing), 7664 (few shells), 7665 (few living and shells), 7668 (few living), 7669 (many shells and living), 7671 (several shells), 7672 (few shells), 7673 (numerous living), 7674 (few liv ing and shells), 7675 (few), 7678 (few shells), 7679 (ishell), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (i living), 7682 (few shells), 7683 (few living and shells), 7685 (several living), 7686 (i small living), 7687 (\ living), 7688 (several living), 7694 (i shell), 7697 (few living and shells), 7698 (i living and fc\v shells), 7699 (i living and i shell), 7700 (several shells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (several shells), 7703 (several shells and living), 7704 (i living), 7706 (i shell), 7708 (2 shells), 7709 (i living and few shells), 7710 (i shell), 7717 (several shells), 7719 (few living and shells), 7720 (few shells), 7724 (few living and shells), 7725 (few living), 7726 (few shells), 7727 (i small living), 7728 (few shells and living), 7729 (several living), 7730 (i living and i shell), 7731 (few living and shells), 7734 (i shell), 7739 (few large shells), 7741 (few shells), 7742 (i small living), 7751 (i living and i shell), 7753 (i shell), 7755 (i shell), 7760(1 shell), 7761 (few shells), 7766 (several shells), 7772 (i shell), 7777 (i shell), 7779 (several shells), 7781 (few shells), 7783 (i living and few shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (several shells), 2, 3 (m^ny shells), 5 (few living and shells), 6 (few shells), 7 (several shells,), 8 (few), L lidiophora gouldiana Continued. 9 (i), 12 (i), 13 (i), 14 (few shells), 15 (few shells), 22 (i), 29 (i), 32 (i shell), 34 (i), 52 (many shells), 53 (many), 60 (few shells), 62 (i), 64 (2 living), 65 (few shells), 68 (i living), 69 (i shell), 71 (i shell), 72 (few living), 74 (few shells), 76 (fewshells), 78 (living), 79 (few liv ing), 80 (shell), 81 (several living and shells), 82 (common), 83 (i living), 84, 85, 86, 88 (several living), 89 (living), go, 91, 92 (living), 93 (i shell), 95, 96, 98, 100 (shells), 102, 103, 107 (many living), 108, 109, no, 113, 114 (living common), 115 (living common), 116, 118 (sev eral living and shells), 119 (few living), 120 (living), 121 (several living), 122 (few), 123 (few shells), 124 (shells and i living), 126 (few shells), 128 (few shells and living), 132 (fewliv- ing and shells), 135, 140 (few living), 141 (few shells), 143, 144 (few living and shells), 145 (few living and shells), 146 (i), 149 (living and shells), 150 (living), 151 (few shells), 152 (few living and shells), 153 (few shells), 154 (2 shells), 157 (i shell), 159 (2 shells), 160 (2 shells), 162 (several shells), 164 (few shells), 166 (i.shell), 167 (i shell). Family CORBULID^E. Corbula contracta Say. [Chart 159.] Gould, 1870, p. 60; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 672, 418, etc.; Verrill, i882d, p. 371; 1884; Call, 1889, p. 70. Shells taken abundantly throughout Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay, mainly restricted to stations not far from land; dredged in 2 to 19 fathoms, on all sorts of bottoms; living speci mens comparatively infrequent, though re corded from both the Bay and the Sound at 4 to 13 fathoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (several shells), 7532 (2 shells), 7533 (i shell), 7536 bis, 7539 (i shell), 7545 bis (i shell), 7547 bis (fewshells), 7550 bis (few shells), 7551 bis (few shells), 7552 bis, 7554 bis (numerous living and shells), 75^5 (ishell), 7556 bis (ishell), 7563 bis (fewshells), 7564 bis (numerous living and shells), 7566 (i shell), 7570 (i shell), 7571 (i shell), 7578 (i shell), 7598 (i living, i shell), 7610 (several shells), 7614 (few shells), 7630 (several), 7635 (fewshells), 7637 (fewshellson Diopatra tubes), 7644 (2 shells), 7659 (few shells and living), 7664 (shells on Diopatra tubes) , 7666 (numerous on Diopatra tubes), 7671, 7672 (living and few shells), 7674 (several shells), 7675 (few shells), 7679 (i shell), 7682 (i shell), 7686 (i shell), 7688 (few living and shells), 7696 (many shells), 7697 (living and shells), 7698 (i shell), 7699 BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 701 Corbula contracta Continued. ti shell), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (i living and several shells), 7703 (several shells), 7705 (i shell), 7706 (i shell), 7707 (i shell), 7718 (few shells), 7719 (2 shells), 7720 (i shell), 7723 (sev eral shells), 7724 (i shell), 7726 (few shells), 7732 (many shells), 7733 (few shells), 7734 (few shells), 7735 (several shells), 7740 (i shell), 7741 (i shell), 7744 (few shells), 7748 (i shell), 7756 (i shell), 7758 (i shell), 7764 (several shells), 7767 (few shells), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (few shells), 7771 (i shell), 7772 (few shells), 7776 (i shell), 7777 (several shells), 7778 (many shells), 7779 (many shells), 7780 (shells common), 7781 (few living and shells), 7782 (few shells), 7783 (many shells). Phalarope stations: 2 (i living), 6 (i shell), n (i shell), 15, 28 (few shells), 29 (i), 33 (few shells), 34 (several shells), 35 (few shells), 43 (shells), 52 (i shell), 57 (i shell), 58 (i shell), 59 (i shell), 65 (several shells), 78 (i shell), 81, 83 (few shells), 84, 86, 91, 96, 98, 100 (shells), 102, 108, no, in (i shell), 113, 115 (shells), 116, 117 (2 shells), 118 (i shell), 120(1 living and shells), 121 (few shells), 122 (few shells), 123 (living and shells), 126 (shells), 128 (i shell), 131 (i shell), 134 (i shell), 138, 140 (few shells), 141 (few shells), 144 (i shell), 147 (few shells), 150(1 shell), 160(1 worn shell?), 163 (i shell), 164 (i shell), 167 (i shell, i living). Family MYACID/E. Mya arenaria Linnaeus. Long clam, soft-shelled clam. (Locally called simply "clam," the latter term seldom being applied to Venus). [Chart 160.] Gould, 1870, p. 55; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 672, 309, 463, etc.; Call, 1889, p. 70; Bumpus, 18980, p. 857. Abundant and of very general distribution along the sandy and muddy shores of the region, par ticularly where the water is somewhat brack ish. The clam does not occur much below low-tide mark; hence it is comparatively in frequent in the dredging records. Shells occa sionally dredged by the Survey in 2 to 13 fath oms, chiefly at depth of 5 fathoms or less. Fish Hawk stations: 7614 (i shell), 7639 (? i shell), 7645 (several shells), 7698 (? small), 7702 (? i small). Phalarope stations: 53 (few shells), 127 (shells), 137 (i), 146 (i shell), 149 (i shell), 150 (i shell), 154 (i fragment), 155 (few shells), 156 (few shells), 157 (few shells), 164 (i shell), 165 (i shell). Family SAXICAVID^E. Saxicava arctica Deshays. Gould, 1870, p. 89 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 671, 309, etc. (No specific local records). Vineyard Sound, at 5 stations; Crab Ledge, at 4 stations; 4 to 25 fathoms, gravel and stones. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7532 bis (i small shell), 7572 (i living)*, 7603 (several living), 7606 (many), 7608 (several), 7609 (2 living), 7718 (i shell). Phalarope stations: i (i shell), 62. Cyrtodaria siliqua (Spengler). Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk stations 7603*, 7604, and 7608; 17 to 20 fathoms, sand and gravel. Shells only were taken. Family PHOLADID^. Pholas costata Linnaeus. Gould, 1870, p. 37; Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 670, 433; Dall, 1889, p. 72 (Barnea costata). New Bedford, dredged living. Gould. Great Harbor, Woods Hole, dead shells. Verrill. Mouth of New Bedford Harbor, at Fish Hawk stations 7646* and 7647*, fragments only. Survey. Numerous large fragments found by Mr. Edwards on the beach at the south shore of Marthas Vineyard, just outside of Tisbury Great Pond*. Mr. G. M. Gray reports that this species is so scarce locally that he is obliged to send to Florida for specimens for the supply department. According to Gould, it lives buried in the mud to a depth of 2 or 3 feet. The specimens recorded by him were brought up by harbor dredging machines. Pholas truncata Say. Gould, 1870, p. 38; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 670, 372, 433, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 72 (Barnea truncata). New Bedford. Gould. Woods Hole in Great Harbor (dead shells). Verrill. Buzzards Bay shore, near breakwater, on one occasion. G. M. Gray. Like the preceding species, this mollusk buries itself so deeply in the mud that it is seldom taken with the dredge. Ver rill states that is " quite common in mud and peat-banks, above low-water mark." Zirph&a crispata (Linnaeus). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 671, 433; Dall, 1889, p. 72. Great Harbor, Woods Hole; fragments of shells dredged by Verrill. Two living specimens dredged by the Survey near the Sound shore of 702 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Zirphaa crispata Continued. Cuttyhunk at Phalarope station 33* (5 fath oms, hard mud and gravel); i shell taken at Fish Hawk station 7718* (14 fathoms, sand and shells). Family TEREDINID/E. Teredo navalis Linnaeus. Ship-worm. Gould, 1870, p. 28; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 669, 384, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 74. Local waters generally, infesting piles, buoys, pound stakes, lobster pots, and every sort of floating or submerged woodwork. Of great abundance and rapid growth, constituting a serious pest to shipping and the fisheries. Pieces of wood inhabited by this mollusk dredged by the Survey in Vineyard Sound at 13 to 15 fathoms (Fish Hawk stations 7564* and 7565). In the former of these cases, at least, a living specimen was found. According to Verrill, the eggs are exceedingly numerous, probably amounting to millions. These are retained in the gill cavity during Teredo navalis Continued. the first stages of development; they are liber ated in May and probably throughout the rest of the summer, larvse being taken at the sur face in May and June. (For a good account of the natural history of this animal, see Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 383-387.) Teredo megotara Hanley. Gould, 1870, p. 31; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 670, 387, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 74. Newport and New Bedford, occurring in cedar buoys and floating pine wood. Gould. Teredo thomsoni Tryon. Gould, 1870, p. 32; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 670, 387, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 74. Found in great numbers on marine railway at New Bedford; also in cedar buoys. Gould, after Tryon. Teredo sp. undetermined. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7550; 12 fathoms. (Probably one of the foregoing species.) Class AMPHINEURA. Family ISCHNOCHITONID^E. Trachydermon ruber Carpenter. Gould, 1870, p. 260 (Chiton ruber; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 662, 399, etc. (sometimes referred to as Leptochiton ruber); Dall, 1889, p. 172. "Rare and local in the colder outer waters south of Cape Cod ; living on rocks which are cov ered with red nullipores; not listed specifically for this region. Verrill. Mr. Gray reports its occasional occurrence in the "gutters" near Hadley Harbor. Asingle specimen was dredged by the survey at Phalarope station 116* (near Penikese Island, 4 fathoms, gravel and sand). Chatopkura apiculata Carpenter. [Chart 161.] Gould, 1870, p. 258 (Chiton apiculatus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 661, 399 (also referred to as Leptochiton apiculatus); Dall, 1889, p. 172. Nantucket. Gould. Vineyard Sound and Buz zards Bay. Verrill. Distribution general throughout the eastern half of Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay and the western half of the Sound it is restricted to the inshore stations. Survey. Dredged in 2 to 1 5 fathoms, on various bottoms; more frequent among stones or shells, and less common where mud is present. This species, when alive, is invariably found cling ing to other solid objects. Nearly all of the Chiztopleura apiculata Continued. specimens dredged were living. One was col lected by Mr. J. W. Underwood on a shell occu pied by Pagurus pollicaris, taken along shore atNobska Point. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (2), 7522 bis (2), 7523 (few), 7523 bis (few), 7524 (few), 7524 bis (i), 7527 (few), 7528 (few), 7530 (i), 7530 bis (2), 7531 bis (few), 7533 bis (i), 7536 (i), 7537 (numerous), 7537 bis (i), 7539 (i), 7541 (2), 7544 (few), 7545 (few), 7547 bis (2), 7550 (i), 755! bis (many), 7554 bis (i), 7560 (i), 7572 (i), 7581 (few), 7621 (few), 7626 (i), 7628 (2), 7630 (i), 7634 (several), 7635 (several), 7648 (several), 7659 (few), 7672, 7675 (i), 7743 (i), 7744 (2), 7745 (i). 7746 (i small), 7753 (i), 7757 (j), 7760 (i), 7761 (i), 7762 (several), 7766 (2), 7768 (i), 7769 (2), 7773 (i), 7776 (2), 7777 (few), 7778 (few), 7780 (i), 7783 (several). Phalarope stations: 2 (2), 5 (2), 7 (i), 9 (i young), 12 (2), 15 (i), 32 (i), 52 (several), 62 (i), 65 (2), 68 (i), 69 (i), 70 (abundant), 71 (abundant), 72 (many), 81 (few), 82 (several), 83 (2), 84 (sev eral), 107 (i), no (i small), 114 (i), 118 (i), 123 (2), 128 (2), 132 (many), 134 (i), 141 (i), 142 (i), 144 (common), 145 (few shells), 147 (i), 148 (several), 149 (several shells), 150 (i), 151 (i), 158 (few), 167 (several). BIOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 703 Class GASTROPODA. Family CAVOLINID^E. Styliola mtrea Verrill. Verrill, 1872, p. 284 (sp. nov.); yerrill and Smith , 1873, p. 668, 443, etc.; Verrill, 18823, p. 556. "Taken among Salpas, off Gay Head, Marthas Vineyard, in the afternoon, September 9, 1871." Verrill. Diacria trispinosa Gray. Stimpson, 1851, p. 27 (Hyalea trispinosa); Gould, 1870, p. 504; Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 669, 444; Verrill, i88oc, p. 392; Dall, 1889, p. 82 (Carolina trispinosa). "Occasionally cast ashore at Nantucket."- Stimpson. At Newport, numerous specimens taken from the stomach of a bluefish. Verrill. Carolina tridentata Forskal. Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 669, 444, etc.; Verrill, i882c, p. 554; Dall, 1889, p. 82. "Shells dredged off Marthas Vineyard, at two localities, in 19 and 22 fathoms;" "a south ern species which comes north in the Gulf Stream." Verrill. One shell taken north of Gay Head at Fish Hawk station 7681*. Sur vey. More than 30 shells, probably of this species, taken from the stomach of a logger head (?) turtle, caught in vicinity of Woods Hole during the summer of 1911. Family Heterofusus retroversus (Fleming). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 669, 443, etc. (Spiri- alis gouldii). "Near Naushon Island (A. Agassiz). Twenty miles off No Mans Land, in stomach of herring (S. I. Smith)." Family CYMBULIID^E. Corolla calceola (Verrill). Verrill, iSSac, p. 553 (Cymbulia cakeolus). A mile off Gay Head, at the surface, several taken by V. N. Edwards, August 27, 1890*. Verrill records the capture of a specimen 30 miles ESE. of Block Island, at the surface, October 2, 1880. Family CLIONID^. Clione limacina (Phipps). Gould, 1870, p. 507 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 668, 444, etc. (Clione papillionacea); Verrill, iSSoc, p. 391 (Clione papillionacea); Dall, 1889, p. 82. 16269 Bull 31, pt 2 13 - ii. Clione limacina Continued. "Mr. Vinal N. Edwards obtained two specimens in Vineyard Sound, April 30." Verrill. Vine yard Sound, September 10, 1888; Woods Hole, in tow, March 20, 1896. (Collected by V. N. Edwards, identified by Dall and Bartsch.) Family ACTEONID.-E. Acteon puncto-striatus (Adams). Adams, 1840, p. 323 (Tornatella puncto-striata); Gould, 1870, p. 224 (Tornatella puncto-stri atus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 664; Dall, 1889, p. 84. New Bedford. Adams. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not uncommon." Verrill. Family TORNATINIDJE. Tornatina canaliculata (Say). [Chart 162.] Gould, 1870, p. 219 (Utriculus canaliculatus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 663, 426, etc. (Utriculus canaliculatus); Dall, 1889, p. 84. "Common in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound." Verrill. Dredged almost exclusively in the Bay, where the distribution is pretty general; living specimens taken at 3 to 5 fath oms, chiefly on muddy bottoms; occurrence of shells more general, including two records for Vineyard Sound. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7612 (?), 7613 (?), 7623, 7625 (several shells), 7636 (i shell), 7641 (i shell), 7649 (i living and i shell), 7650, 7651 (several shells), 7653 (i shell), 7655 (i shell), 7657, 7661, 7727 (3 shells), 7728 (i shell). Phalarope stations: 78 (few living), 79 (fewshells), 84, 94, 100, 107 (few living), 119 (3 shells), 120 (i), 123 (i shell), 124 (2 living), 125, 159 (i shell), 161 (i living, 2 shells), 162 (2 shells), 165 (2 shells). Family SCAPHANDRID^B. Cylichnella oryza (Totten). [Chart 163.] Stimpson, 1851 (Bulla oryza); Gould, 1870, p. 221 (Cylichna oryza); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 663, 426, etc. (Cylichna oryza); Dall, 1889, p. 86. New Bedford Harbor. Stimpson. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not uncommon. Verrill. Survey records confined to Buzzards Bay, chiefly to inshore stations; dredged in 3 to 7 fathoms, on bottoms of sandy mud and muddy sand. Fish Hawk stations: 7623, 7630 (i shell), 7652, 7655- Phalarope stations: 78 (few), 79, 89, 100 (i shell), 119 (many living), 120 (living), 127 (few shells), 138 (i), 159 (3 shells). BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Cylichna alba (Brown). Gould 1870, p. 220; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 663, 508, etc. (In neither work listed for this region). Dredged by the survey near the lower end of Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk stations 7657 (i shell), and 7661 (2 shells); 9 to 13 fathoms, mud . ( Identified by R . C. Osburn . ) Family BuLUD^e. Haminea solitaria Say. Gould, 1870, p. 222 (Bulla solitaria) , Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 662, 371, etc. (Bulla solilaria); Ball, 1889, p. 88. New Bedford. Gould. "Common, in the muddy lagoons and salt-ponds along the shores of Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay. . . . Abundant in a small pond near Holmes Hole." Verrill. Eel Pond, Hadley Harbor. G. M. Gray. Katama Bay at several points. Osburn. This species is doubtless of pretty general distribution in such localities as those mentioned but, being of strictly littoral habi tat, it was only recorded three times during the survey dredging, viz, at Phalarope sta tions 127 (shells common), 161 (few shells), and 166 (i living). Eggs laid in large jelly-like balls, which are fas tened by stalks to the sand; deposited August 20 or earlier. E. G. Conklin, Marine Biologi cal Laboratory card catalogue. " Devoured in large numbers by the flounders and doubtless by other fishes." Verrill. Family APLYSHD^. Tethys willcoxi (Heilprin) var. Dall, 1889, p. 90 (Aplysiawillcoxi). Katama Bay, October 31, 1900, i large specimen* (sent by Mr. Fisher of Edgartown to Mr. Ed wards). Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole, October n, 1906, i specimen (probably of this species) taken in a lobster-pot. During October, 1910, this mollusk was taken rather frequently throughout the waters of the region, one or more specimens being recorded from New Bedford, Westport, Buzzards Bay (near Woods Hole), Lamberts Cove, Tarpaulin Cove, Robinsons Hole, and Menemsha Bight. Oneof these specimens was referred to Dr. Dall for identification Family PLEUROBRANCHID^. ? PkurobrancktEa tarda Verrill. Verrill, i882C, p. 546. Off Marthas Vineyard in 28 fathoms, 1881 (thus not strictly within the limits of the region). Verrill. Four specimens, presumably from the vicinity of Woods Hole, though not la beled, were assigned to this species by Dr. MacFarland. It is quite possible, however, that these were likewise taken beyond the limits of the region. Family DENDRONOTID^E. Dendronotus arborescens (Miiller). Gould, 1870, p. 234; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 665, 495, etc. "Rare and local south of Massachusetts Bay." Verrill. Not yet recorded for this region, though the latter lies within the stated range of the species. Dendronotus robustus Verrill. Verrill, 1879, p. 197; i882c, p. 550. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Six specimens from the vicinity of Woods Hole f (collected by G. M. Gray). Family Scyllaa pelagica Linnaeus. Verrill, 1878, p. 211. (ScylUzaedwardsii); i882C, p. 550 (Scylltza edwardsii). Little Harbor, Woods Hole, on eel grass; also in the Sound on sargassum ; first reported in the autumn of 1877. Verrill. Specimens which are probably of this species have been taken among floating sargassum in Vineyard Sound, on the following dates, often in great numbers: August 20, 22, 28*, and September 5, 1906. Some were collected likewise during the pre ceding summer and probably at other times. Dr. MacFarland comments: "A careful ana tomical study of the Woods Hole specimens must be made before their identity with S. pelagica L. can be positively determined." Family POLYCERID/E. Polycerella emertoni Verrill. Verrill, i88oc, p. 387 (sp. nov.); 18820, p. 548. Woods Hole Harbor, August and September, 1875 and 1881, on eel grass and hydroids; Newport, on piles. Eggs laid in confinement, July 24. Verrill. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 7C5 9 Palio kssonii (d Orbigny). Gould, 1870, p. 226 (Polycera Lessonii); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 665, 333, etc. (Polycera lessonii). No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Acanthodoris pilosa (Abildgaard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 664, 307, etc. (Doris bifida). No definite local records given by Verrill. A specimen collected in this vicinity by Mr. Gray has been thus identified by Dr. Mac- Farland. According to Verrill this species is to be found on the underside of rocks near shore. Its eggs are said to be "contained in convoluted gelatinous ribbons." ? Lamellidoris muricata (Muller). Verrill, i882c, p. 550. No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Lamellidoris pallida (Agassiz). Gould, 1870, p. 229 (Doris pallida); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 665, 495 (Onchidoris pallida). "Dredged by Messrs. Prudden and Russell, off Cuttyhunk Island, in April, 1872." Verrill. Idaliella modesta (Verrill). Verrill, 18753, p. 41 (Idalia modesta); Verrill, i882c, p. 548. Vineyard Sound and off No Mans Land. Family CORAMBID^E. Coram.be obscura (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 664, 307, etc.(Dori- della obscura). Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Said to occur on the under side of stones and among hydroids. Six specimens were taken by one of the survey col lectors off Gay Headf, on floating weed, July 7, 1904. Dr. MacFarland notes that thisspecies "requires detailed study with sections to de termine its position and relationships." According to Verrill "the eggs are inclosed in a delicate gelatinous string, which is coiled up something like a watch-spring, and attached to the under side of stones." Family ^OLIDIADJS. Molidia papillosa (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 239 (/Eolis papillosa); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 666, 486, etc. (/Eolis papillosa); Mead, 1898, p. 703 (Eolis papillosa). No local records by Gould or Verrill . Mentioned by Mead as taken in spawning condition during April, presumably at Woods Hole. A speci men collected by Mr. Gray at Quicks Hole, March 25, iSgSf; anotherf taken somewhere in this vicinity, but not labeled. Cratena pilata (Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 243 (AZolis pilata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 666, 383 (Montagua pilata and /Eolis pilata); Bergh, 1885, p. 31. Two specimens studied by Bergh were taken by Verrill in Vineyard Sound, April, 1873. E. G. Conklin (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) notes the presence of this species among Tubularia on the piles of the local pier. Specimens from the following points were sent to Dr. MacFarland for identification: Fish Hawk station 7560; vicinity of Woods Hole (G. M. Gray, collector); local pier in surface tow, taken on a number of occasions as follows (V. N. Edwards, collector): October 12, 1904 (i specimen); January 29, 1907 (4); March 30, 1907 (i); April i, 1907 (i); April 4, 1907 (4); April 23, 1907 (2); June 21, 1907 (i). Dr. Conklin records taking the eggs from June 15 to July 15, in close white masses of jelly, de posited amongst Tubularia. Cratena gymnola (Couthouy). Gould, 1870, p. 249 (Molis gymnola); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 667, 383 (Corypriella gymnota, also Cavolina gymnota); Verrill, iSSob, p. 390. A specimen (or specimens) apparently of this species was "found by Prof. Todd, on an old wreck in the Woods Hole passage." Verrill. Local pier, in surface towf, May 26, 1905, i specimen (V. N. Edwards, collector). Tergipes despectus (Johnston). Gould, 1870, p. 248 (jEolis despecta); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 667, 495. (In neither work listed specifically for this region). J. S. Kingsley (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) notes that the eggs of this spe cies were laid on campanularian hydroids (pre sumably at Woods Hole) July 14, 1889. yo6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. EmUetonia pallida Alder & Hancock. Bergh, 1885, p. 36. Vineyard Sound, near Woods Hole, 3 specimens (described by Bergh) were collected by Ver- rill July 15, 1881. Coryfthella mananensis (Stimpson). Verrill, iSSsc, p. 552. No specific local records given by Verrill. Speci mens from the following points were assigned to this species by Dr. MacFarland: Woods Hole, March 18, 1896; vicinity of Woods Hole (G. M. Gray, collector); Quicks Hole, March 25, 1898 (G. M. Gray, collector); Vine yard Sound, near Quicks Hole, May, 1898; Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk stations 7686 and 7718. Coryphella salmonacea (Couthouy). Gould, 1870, p. 240 (jEolis salmonacea; not listed for this region). Four specimens, thus identified by Call and Bartsch, were taken at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7603). Others which were regarded by the collectors as being of the same species as the foregoing were taken at Fish Hawk sta tions 7605 and 7607 (likewise at Crab Ledge). Facelina bostoniensis (Couthouy). Gould, 1870, p. 241 (.<Eolis bostoniensis); Ver rill, iSSoc, p. 389; Bumpus, 1898, p. 488 (Eolis bostoniensis). At Newport, etc., "common from above low water to 20 fathoms, on Obelia and other hy- droids." Verrill. Woods Hole, or vicinity, March, 1898; "breeding." Bumpus. Surface tow, local pierf, November 19, 1904; 3 speci mens (V. N. Edwards, collector). Piles of local pierf, February 2, 1907; i specimen. Fiona marina (Forskal). Verrill, 18823, p. 339 (Fiona nobilis); Verrill, i882C, p. 551 (Fiona nobilis). South of Marthas Vineyard, on floating tim bers. Verrill. Vicinity of Woods Holef, 2 specimens (G. M. Gray, collector). Family DOTONTD.-E. Doto coronata (Gmelin). Gould, 1870, p. 236; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 665, 400, etc. ; Bumpus, 1898, p. 487. Vineyard Sound. Agassiz, cited by Gould. Off Gay Head. Verrill. Woods Hole Harbor, among sertularians. G. M. Gray. Bumpus records the taking of this species locally by dredge in March, 1898. Gay Head, at Blue Wing station 44f, i specimen. Survey. ? Doloformosa Verrill. Verrill, 18753, p. 41; 18823, p. 551. No definite local records, though this region lies within the range of the species as stated by Verrill. Family Hermcza cruciata (A. Agassiz) Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 253; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 667. Naushon Island. A. Agassiz. Alderia haryardiensis (A. Agassiz) Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 254 (not listed for this region); Bumpus, 1898, p. 488. Woods Hole, or vicinity, March, 1898; "breed ing." Bumpus. Elysia chlorotica (A. Agassiz) Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 255; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 667, 480. (In neither work listed for this region.) Six specimens, thus identified by Dr. MacFar land, were collected by Mr. Gray in the vicin ity of Woods Hole. Mr. Gray reports the occurrence of this species in the Eel Pond, Lackeys Bay and Hadley Harbor. Elysiella catula (A. Agassiz,- Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 256 (Placobranchus catulus) , Ver rill, 1872, p. 284; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 668, 480. "Woods Hole, among eelgrass, common." "It also has the power of floating with the bot tom of the foot at the surface of the water. Verrill. Family fAhxia myosolis (Draparnaud). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 662, 383, etc. In brackish waters, on piles, etc. , near high- water mark. No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Melampus lineatus Say. Gould, 1870, p. 467 (Melampus bidentatus; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 662, 463, etc. (Melampus bidentahis); Dall, 1889, p. 92. Salt marshes and weedy shores of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, very common. Wareham River, on muddy banks, between tides; beach east of Fort Phoenix, under rocks between tides; south arm of West Falmouth Harbor. (Collected by Cole; identified by Dall and Bartsch.) "Contributes largely to the food of the minnow and other small fishes, as well as to that of many aquatic birds." Verrill. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 707 Family TURRITID/B. Mangilia bicarinata (Couthouy). Gould, 1870, p. 349 (Pleurotoma bicarinata; not listed for this region); Yerrill and Smith, 1873, p. 638, 418, etc. (Pleurotoma bicarinatum) . "Vineyard Sound, 6 to 12 fathoms, rare." Ver- rill. Mangilia cerina (Kurtz & Stimpson). Stimpson, 1851 (Pleurotoma cerinum); Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 637, 432, etc.; Verrill, 18820, p. 488; i884a, p. 250; Dall, 1889, p. 102. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Quissett. Verrill. Dredged by the survey at Phalarope stations 19* (Tarpaulin Cove), 124* (off Pen- zance), 154* (mouth of Wareham River). Mangilia plicosa (Adams). Adams, 1840, p. 318 (Pleurotoma plicata); Gould, 1870, p. 350 (Pleurotoma plicata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 637, 383, etc. (Beta plicaia). New Bedford, in mud. Adams. Drillia sp. A specimen referred to this genus by Messrs. Dall and Bartsch was taken at Phalarope station 156. Bela harpularia Adams. Gould, 1870, p. 352 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 636, 508; Verrill, 18823., p. 473; Dall, 1889, p. 98. Off Gay Head, 10 to 29 fathoms, on muddy bot tom, in 1871, 1880, and 1881. Verrill. Bela pleurotomaria Adams. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 637 (not specifically listed for this region); Verrill, i882C,p.478. Off Chatham, 16 fathoms, 1881. Verrill. Family FASCIOLARIID^E. Busycon canaliculatum (Say). Conch shell; lo cally called "winkle." [Chart 164.] Gould, 1870, p. 380 (Fulgur canaliculate.); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 640, 332, etc. (Sycotypiis canaliculatus); Dall, 1889, p. 112 (Fulgur ca- naliculala); Mead, 1898 ("Sycotypus"). Abundant in shallower waters generally, the shells being familiar on the beaches almost everywhere. Fifty -one large specimens were taken from three lobster pots in a single day by Mr. Edwards. In the Survey dredging this species was found to be pretty generally dis tributed throughout Buzzards Bay and Vine yard Sound, though somewhat commoner in the former. Living specimens were dredged in 2 to 12 fathoms, on quite various bottoms, Busycon canaliculalum Continued. though most frequently on muddy ones. The shells were frequently occupied by the larger hermit crabs. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (i shell), 7525 bis (i small shell), 7526 (2 shells), 7527 (i shell), 7535 (i fragment), 7543 bis (i), 7547 bis (i young shell), 7553 bis (i small shell), 7572 (i shell and fragments), 7602 (2 shells), 7611 (i living), 7612 (i shell), 7614 (fragment), 7617 (i shell and r small living?), 7621 (i shell), 7622 (i shell), 7624 (i shell fragment), 7632 (several), 7633 (several living), 7634 (few living and shells), 7636 (frag ment), 7637 (i living), 7638 (living and shells), 7641 (2 large living), 7644 (small shells), 7645 (several shells), 7646 (several small living), 7648 (several shells), 7650 (i), 7652 (i living), 7653 (living and shells), 7657 (i living), 7659 (i shell), 7660 (few shells and living), 7661 (few shells and living), 7662 (few living), 7663 (few living), 7664 (i shell), 7668 (i living and shells), 7672 (i shell), 7673 (i shell), 7675 (i shell), 7678 (2 living and few shells), 7696 (i fragment), 7706 (i large shell), 7724 (many liv ing, large and small), 7728 (i living and i shell), 7729 (i living), 7734 (i worn shell), 7735 (i living), 7739 (i shell), 7759 (small shell), 7761 (several living and few shells), 7762 (many large shells and egg cases), 7767 (i shell), 7768 (i shell), 7769 (i shell), 7772 (i shell), 7778 (few large shells). Phalarope stations: 2 (2 shells), 4 (i very large shell), 6 (2 living), 17 (i large living), 19 (i shell), 52 (i), 53 (i), 62 (i), 71 (few shells), 72 ( J ). 73 W> 8 (i piece), 81 (i fragment), 82 (i shell), 89 (i fragment), 93 (i shell), 94, 98, lor (i shell), 109, 113 (i living), 119 (i living), 126 (shells), 131 (i living), 132 (i shell), 135, 137 (r shell), 147 (i shell), 149 (few shells), 156 (2 shells), 158 (few shells and living), 163 (i shell), 164 (i small shell), 165 (i living, i shell), 166 (several small shells). Spawns in August. G. M. Gray. Egg strings deposited as late as second week in Septem ber. Thompson. Egg strings containing well-formed shells found in April. Mead. The egg cases of this species, like those of B. carica, are familiar objects upon the sea beach in summer. Like those of the related species, they consist of a string of disk-shaped capsules, composed of a parchment-like material. For an account of egg laying of Busycon canalicula tum and B. carica, see Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 355- This species preys upon other mollusks and is said to be very destructive to the oyster. 708 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Busycon carica (Linnaeus). Conch or "winkle." [Chart 165.] Gould, 1870, p. 383; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 640, 313, etc. (Fulgur carica); Dall, 1889, p. 112 (Fulgur carica.) Fairly common in the shallower waters generally, judging from the number of shells found on shore. Much less abundant than B. canalicu- latum, however. Shells dredged frequently in Buzzards Bay, occasionally in the Sound; taken in 2 to 13 fathoms, on various kinds of bottom; few living specimens recorded during the Survey dredging. Fish Hawk stations: 7530 bis (i shell), 7551 (i large shell), 7616 (i fragment), 7618 (3), 7621 (several shells), 7622 (several living and shells) , 7627 (i shell), 7632 (i living), 7634 (i living), 7645 (i shell), 7648 (i shell), 7660 (i shell and egg case), 7661 (i living), 7709 (i shell), 7762 (2 shells), 7777 (i large shell), 7778 (i very small), 7781 (i very large and i small shell). Phalarope stations: 107 (shells), 109, 129 (i shell), 136, 138 (2 shells), 142 (i shell), 145 (i), 148 (i), 153 (i shell), 158 (i living and many shells), 163 (i young). "At New Haven they spawn as early as March and April." Verrill. Egg strings, containing well-formed shells found in April. Mead. Family BUCCINID^. Buccinum undatum Linnaeus. European whelk. [Chart 166.] Gould, 1870, p. 366 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 638, 494; Dall, 1889, p. 114; Sumner, 1910, fig. 15. "Mouth of Vineyard Sound and off Gay Head, 6 to 19 fathoms;" "a decidedly northern and Arctic shell. . . . Not common south of Cape Cod except on outer islands and in deep wa ter." Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound; Sow and Pigs Reef; Crab Ledge; dredged in 3 to 25 fathoms, on various bot toms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7554 (few shells, one over iK inches long)*, 7579 ( ? i), 7603 (2 large worn shells and i small shell)*, 7604 (i shell and i living), 7606 (2 living), 7607 (2 large living), 7608 (i small)*, 7609 (i small living), 7664 (i living), 7679 (i shell), 7681 (2 shells), 7706 (i large shell), 7707 (2 large shells), 7761 (i large worn shell) . Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 29 (i young), 32 (i small living), 36 (i young living), 45 (i small shell), 46 (several living), 56 (small shells), 59 (i large, r small living), 60 (i small shell). Chrysodomus decemcostatus (Say). Gould, 1870, p. 375 (Fusus decemco status; not listed for this region). Dredged by the survey at Crab Ledge in 17 to 19 fathoms: Fish Hawk stations 7603 (i large shell)* and 7604 (i fragment). Tritonofusus islandicus (Gronovius). Gould, 1870, p. 371 (Fusus islandicus); Verrill, i882C, p. 508 (Sipho islandicus); Dall, 1889, p. 114 (Sipho islandicus). Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7608 (3 shells)*; Vineyard Sound, at Phalarope stations 2* and 64* (i shell each). Not previously listed for this region. Tritonofusus slimpsoni (Morch). Dall, 1889, p. 114 (Sipho stimpsoni). Dredged by the survey at Crab Ledge in 16 to 20 fathoms: Fish Hawk stations 7603 (i large and 3 small shells)*, 7606 (2 shells), 7608 (2 shells). ? Tritonofusus curtus Verrill. Gould, 1870, p. 371 (Fusus islandicus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 638 (Neptunea curia). No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Siphonorbis pygmceus (Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 372 (Fustis pygmceus; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 639, 508 (Neptunea pygm&a); Dall, 1889, p. 114 (Sipho pygmceus). "Off Buzzards Bay, 25 fathoms; off Gay Head, 19 fathoms, mud, abundant and large." Ver rill. Family ALECTRYONID^. Tritia trivittata (Adams). [Chart 167.] Gould, 1870, p. 364 (Nassa trivittata), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 641, 354, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 116 (Nassa trivittata); Sumner, 1910, fig. 5. Abundant and of very general distribution throughout the region, being recorded from more dredging stations than any other spcies of animal. Living specimens dredged in 2 to 17 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Like wise abundant in the tidal zone. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (i), 7522 (few), 7522 b; s (2), 7S 2 3 (i), 7524 bis (i), 75 2 5 ( few ). 75=5 bis (few shells), 7526 (few), 7527 (few shells), 7530 (few shells), 7530 bis (few shells), 7531 (i shell), 7532 (few shells), 7532 bis (i living, also shells), 7533 (fragments), 7533 bis (i shell), 7S34 (several shells), 7534 bis (i shell), 7535 (several shells), 7535 bis (i), 7536 (i shell), 7536 bis (i shell), 7537 (few shells), 7537 bis (few shells), 7538 (i shell), 7541 (few shells), 7541 bis (few shells), 7542 (few shells), 7542 bis BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 709 Tritia trivittala Continued. (few shells), 7543 (many), 7543 bis (2 shells), 7544 (numerous), 7545 (few), 7545 bis (several), 7546 bis, 7547 bis (many), 7549 (few shells), 7549 bis (few shells), 7550 bis (few shells), 7552 (few), 7552 bis (few fragments), 7553 (few shells), 7553 bis (few, i living), 7554 (many shells), 7554 bis (numerous shells), 7556 bis (numerous shells), 7557 (few shells), 7558 (few shells), 7560 (few shells), 7561 (few shells), 7563 (many shells), 7563 bis (few shells), 7564 bis (few shells), 7565 (several), 7565 bis (i shell), 7566 (few shells), 7567 (many shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (few shells), 7570 (few shells), 7571 (few shells), 7572 (few shells), 7573 (sev eral shells), 7575 (i shell), 7577 (i living), 7578 (many shells), 7579 (several shells), 7580 (some living, many shells), 7581 (several shells), 7582 (few shells), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few), 7585 (few shells and living), 7586 (few shells), 7588 (i shell), 7589 (i shell), 7591 (few shells), 7592 (i shell), 7593 (few shells), 7594 (i shell), 7595 (many shells), 7597 (fragment), 7598 (few shells), 7599 (i shell), 7601 (several living and shells), 7602 (many shells and few living), 7609 (i shell), 7610 (living and shells abundant), 7611 (many living and shells), 7612 (many shells), 7613 (many living), 7614 (many shells and living), 7615 (many shells), 7616 (many shells), 7617 (very many living and shells), 7618 (many shells and living), 7619 (many shells), 7620 (very many living and shells), 7621 (many living and shells), 7622 (many shells and living), 7623 (many shells), 7624 (very many shells), 7625 (many shells), 7627 (few), 7628 (few shells), 7629 (many shells), 7630 (few shells), 7631 (several shells), 7632 (several shells), 7633 (few shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (several shells), 7636 (living), 7637 (many living and shells), 7638 (many shells), 7639 (many shells), 7640 (many living and shells), 7641 (very many living, few shells), 7642 (many living and shells), 7643, 7644 (numerous shells), 7645 (several shells), 7646, 7647 (few living), 7648 (many shells), 7649 (few shells), 7650 (few shells), 7651 (many shells), 7652 (numerous shells and living), 7653 (many shells), 7654 (many living and shells), 7655 (many living and shells), 7656 (several shells), 7657 (many shells), 7658 (few shells), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (many shells), 7661 (very many living and shells), 7662 (many living and shells), 7663 (many shells and living), 7664 (few shells), 7665 (i shell), 7666 (few shells), 7667 (few shells), 7668 (living and shells), 7669 Tritia trivittata Continued. (few living and shells), 7670 (i shell), 7671 (many), 7672 (few shells), 7673 (many shells and living), 7674 (many shells), 7675 (numer ous shells), 7676 (^ shells), 7677 (i), 7678 (sev eral shells), 7679 (few shells), 7680 (few shells), 7681 (few shells), 7682 (i shell), 7683 (2 shells), 7685 (living and shells), 7686 (several shells and living), 7687 (several shells and living), 7688 (few living and shells), 7689 (i shell), 7694 (i shell), 7695 (few shells), 7696 (2 shells), 7697 (few shells), 7698 (i small shell), 7699 (fewshells), 7700 (fewshells), 7701 (few shells), 7702 (i living and i shell), 7703 (several shells) , 7704 (i shell), 7706 (i shell), 7707 (several shells), 7708 (several shells), 7709 (few shells), 7710 (i living and i shell), 7717 (few shells), 7718 (few shells), 7719 (many shells), 7720 (several shells), 7722 (few shells), 7723 (sev eral shells) 7724 (many living and shells) 7725 (several living and shells), 7726 (few living and shells), 7727 (i fragment), 7728 (few shells and living), 7729 (several living), 7730 (few living and shells), 7731 (many shells), 7732 (several shells and 2 living), 7733 (i shell), 7734 (sev eral shells), 7736 (i shell), 7738 (i), 7739 (i shell), 7740 (few shells), 7741 (few shells), 7744 (few shells), 7745 (i shell), 7746 (i shell), 7748 (i shell), 7749 (i shell), 7751 (several shells), 7752 (few shells), 7753 (i fragment), 7754 (i shell), 7755 (few shells), 7760 (few), 7761 (many shells and living), 7762 (few shells), 7764 (i shell), 7766 (several shells), 7770 (2 shells), 7772 (i shell), 7774 (i shell), 7775 (i shell), 7776 (i shell), 7777 (i shell), 7778(1 shell), 7779 (sev eral shells), 7780 (few shells), 7781 (several liv ing), 7782 (few living). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many shells and few living), 2 (many shells), 3 (many shells), 4 (few shells), 5 (many living and shells), 6 (shells and living abundant), 7 (many), 8 (living), 9 (very many living), 10 (common), 12 (several living), 13 (frequent), 14 (some living), 15 (common), 16 (few living), 17 (many living), 18 (shells common), 20 (liv ing common), 21 (living and shells), 22 (living common), 23 (fewshells), 24 (not common), 25 (fewshells), 26 (i shell), 28 (common), 29 (few), 30 (few), 32 (i living), 33 (several shells), 34 (few living), 35 (several shells, few living), 42 (few shells), 44 (i living), 48 (2 shells), 50 (shells), 52 (living and manyshells), 53 (many), 55 (several living), 56 (few living), 57 (i liv ing)) 58. 59 (few shells), 60 (many shells and living), 61 (several shells), 62 (few living), 63 7io BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tritia trimtfata Continued. (several), 64 (few shells and living), 65 (many) 66 (many), 68 (many shells and living), 69 (few shells), 70 (2 shells), 71 (few living), 72 (several living), 73 (few shells), 74 (several), 75 (few living and shells), 76 (few shells), 77 (few shells), 78 (many living and shells), 79 (living and many shells), 80 (many living and shells), 81 (many shells), 82 (living and shells), 83 (many living), 84 (living), 85 (living), 86, 88 (several living), 89 (living), 90, 91, 92 (liv ing), 93 (several), 94 (living), 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 (living), 101 (living), 102 (living), 103, 104, 105 (living and shells), 106, 107 (many living and shells), 108, 109, no, 112, 113, 114 (shells common), 115 (shells common), 116, 117 (i shell), 118 (few), 119 (few living and shells), 120 (living), 121 (living and shells common), 122 (living and shells abundant), 123 (shells common), 124 (shells common), 125 (living and shells), 126 (shells common), 127 (many shells), 128 (living common), 129 (living and shells), 130 (common living), 132 (common), 133 liv ing), 134 (living common), 135 (living), 136 (many living), 137 (living and shells), 138 (liv ing and shells), 139 (living), 140 (living and shells common), 141 (living and shells), 142 (living common), 143 (several shells), 144 (shells common), 145 (several shells), 146 (few shells), 147 (living common), 148 (several shells), 149 (many), 150 (several shells), 151 (i shell), 152 (living), 153 (few shells), 154 (few living and shells), 156(1 small shell), 158 (few shells), 159 (several living and shells), 160 (i living, several shells), 161 (several shells), 162 (several living and shells), 163 (many living and shells), 164 (many shells), 165 (i living, many shells), 166 (many shells), 167 (many shells). llyanassa obsolela Stimpson. [Chart 168.] Gould, 1870, p. 362 (Nassa obsoleta), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 641, 468, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 116 (Nassa obsoleta), Bumpus, 1898, a. Distribution probably very general throughout the muddy shores and shallow waters of the region. Extremely abundant at certain points such as the Eel Pond, Great Pond, Wareham River, etc., and perfectly at home in waters which are decidedly brackish. Owing to its littoral habitat it was rarely taken during the survey dredging, except at stations close to shore. In deeper waters dead shells were oc casionally met with, these having probably been transported by hermit crabs. Fish Hawk stations: 7539 (i shell), 7612 (i shell), 7614 (few shells), 7624 (i shell), 7625 (i shell), llyanassa obsoleta Continued. 7629 (i shell), 7630 (i shell), 7633 (few shells), 7634 (few shells and living), 7635 (few shells), 7645 (i shell), 7766 (i shell), 7767 (2 shells). Phalarope stations: 2 (?), 3 (i), 10 (i), 33 (i shell), 121, 136, 141 (i shell), 142 (several), 145 (shells common), 147 (several shells), 148 (sev eral shells), 149 (common), 150 (few shells), 152 (few shells), 153 (i shell), 154 (2 shells), 155 (several shells), 156 (i shell), 157 (i shell), 158 (many shells), 164 (few shells). Eggs noted by A. D. Mead April 25 and 27. Arcularia vibex (Say). Adams, 1839, p. 264 (Buccinum vibex); Gould, 1870, p. 365 (Nassa vibex; not listed for this region), Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 640, 371, 377 (Nassa vibex); Dall, 1889, p. 116 (Nassa vibex). New Bedford. Adams. "Northward to Vine yard Sound," where it is "found sparingly in shallow water among eelgrass." Verrill. Ware- ham River and a few other points in Buzzards Bay, 2 to 4 fathoms, mud. Survey. Phalarope stations: 153 (i shell), 155 (several living), 157 (i small shell), 163 (i)*. Family COLUMBELUIXB. Anachis avara (Say). [Chart 169.] Gould, 1870, p. 350 (Columbella avara); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 643, 306, etc.; Verrill, i882d, p. 371; 1884, Dall, 1889, p. 116. Shells generally distributed and of great abund ance in both Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, dredged in from i to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom; living specimens abundant throughout the Sound and along the eastern shore of the Bay; rarely recorded from the deeper portions of the latter. Survey. The shells of this species are widely transported by the smaller hermit crabs, probably being the ones most commonly chosen by P. annulipes. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (many shells), 7522 (many shells), 7522 bis (many shells), 7523 (many shells), 7523 bis (many shells), 7524 (few shells), 7524 bis (many shells), 7525 (few shells), 7525 bis (few shells), 7527 (many shells)*, 7 530 bis (many shells) , 7 53 1 bis (many), 7532 (many shells), 7532 bis (few shells), 7533 (few shells), 7533 bis (few shells), 7534 bis (i shell), 7535 (many shells), 7535 bis (few), 7536 bis (several shells), 7537 (many shells), 7537 bis (many), 7538 (many shells), 7538 bis (few living), 7539 bis (i), 7541 (few), 7541 bis (many shells), 7543 bis (few), 7544 (comparatively few shells), 7545 (comparatively few shells), BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 711 Anachis aitara Continued. 7545 bis (many), 7546 bis, 7547 (many shells), 7547 bis (very many shells), 7549 (many shells), 7549 bis (many shells), 7550 (few shells), 7550 bis (many living and shells), 7551 bis (many liv ing and shells), 7552 (few shells), 7552 bis (i worn shell), 7553 bis (many shells), 7554 bis (many shells), 7556 (few), 7556 bis (few worn shells), 7557, 7558 (many shells), 7560(1 shell), 7562 bis (few shells and fragments), 7563 (few shells), 7563 bis (numerous shells and frag ments), 7564 (few), 7564 bis (living and shells), 7565 (few shells), 7565 bis (several living and shells), 7566 (i shell), 7567 (few shells), 7568 (few shells), 7571 (few), 7572 (few shells), 7573 (several living and shells), 7576 (i shell), 7582 (few shells)*, 7583 (i), 7584 (i shell), 7585 (sev eral shells), 7587 (few shells), 7595 (shells), 7596 (i), 7610 (several shells), 7612 (several), 7614 (few shells), 7616 (several shells), 7617 (few shells), 7620 (i shell), 7621 (i shell), 7628 (i shell), 7631 (few shells), 7633 ,7634 (many shells), 7635 (few shells), 7636 (few shells), 7637 (several shells), 7638 (few shells), 7640 (few shells), 7642 (i living), 7643 (several shells), 7644 (many shells), 7645 (few shells), 7648 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7652 (few shells), 7563 (many shells), 7655 (few shells, 7656 (few shells), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (many shells), 7662 (few shells), 7663 (few living and shells), 7664, 7669 (few shells), 7671 (many shells), 7672 (many shells), 7673 (few shells), 7674 (many shells), 7675 (many shells), 7677 (i small shell), 7678 (few living, few shells), 7681(1 living and shells), 7682 (i shell), 7688(1 living), 7697 (living and shells), 7701 (i living, few shells), 7703 (several shells), 7707 (several), 7718 (i Iving), 7720 (i shell), 7724 (several shells), 7725 (i living), 7726 (2 shells), 7727 (i living), 7730 (few), 7731 (many shells), 7732 (many living and shells), 7733 (many living and shells), 7734 (i shell), 7736 (few living and shells), 7737 (few living and shells), 7738 (many living and shells), 7739 (many shells), 7741 (many shells), 7742 (i living), 7744 (shells common), 7745 (several living), 7746 (many shells), 7747 (several living and shells), 7748 (i living, many shells), 7749 (many), 7750 (many shells), 7751 (i), 7752 (few shells), 7753 (many shells), 7754 (several shells), 7755 (few shells), 7756 (few shells),* 7757 (many shells, few living), 7758 (many shells, few living), 7759 (very many shells), 7760 (common), 7762 (few shells), 7763 (few living), 7764 (few living and shells), 7765 (i shell), 7766 (many shells), 7767 (few shells), 7768 (few shells and frag- Anachis avara Continued. ments), 7769 (i shell), 7770 (several shells), 7771 (several shells), 7772 (few shells), 7774 (several shells), 7776 (several shells), 7777 (few shells), 7778 (few shells), 7779 (2 worn shells), 7780 (i worn shell), 7782 (few shells), 7783 (few shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many shells), 2 (many shells), 3 (many shells), 5 (many shells), 7 (many shells), 8 (many)*, 9 (i), 10 (many shells), 12 (several), 13 (com mon), 14 (few), 15 (common), 16 (few shells), 17 (many shells), 18 (many shells and living), 20 (shells common), 21 (shells common), 22 (shells common), 23 (shells common), 24 (few), 25 (i shell), 26 (few shells), 27 (few living), 28 (several), 29 (few living), 32 (few) 33 (several shells), 34 (several shells and living), 35 (sev eral living), 36 (several living), 37 (few shells), 38 (i living), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 45 (many living), 46 (many living), 48 (?), 49 (shells), 51 (few living), 52 (several shells), 53 (several shells), 56 (few), 58 (common), 59 (several shells), 60 (several shells), 62 (few), 63 (few), 64 (several), 65 (few shells), 66 (living and shells), 67 (2 liv ing), 68 (several), 69 (few living), 70 (living), 71 (many living and shells), 72 (few shells and living), 73 (i living), 74 (many living and shells), 75 (few living and shells), 76 (many shells), 77 (many), 78(fewshells), 79 (common), So, Si (several shells), 82 (common), 83 (living and shells common), 84 (several living and shells), 85, 86, 87 (few shells), 89, 90, 91, 92, 93> 95 97> 9^1 99> IO (living and shells), 101, 102, 103, 104, 108, 109, no, in (shells), 112, 113, 114 (shells common), 115 (shells), 117 (few shells), nS (few shells), 119 (few living and shells), 120 (shells), 121 (shells), 122 (few shells) 123 (few shells), 124 (few shells), 125 (shells), 126 (few shells), 128 (2 shells), 130 (few living), 133 (shells), 134 (living and shells common), 135, 136 (few shells), 137 (few shells), 141 (few shells), 142 (i shell), 144 (living and shells), 145 (several shells), 146 (few shells), 147 (sev eral shells), 148 (few shells), 149 (several shells), 158 (i shell), 160 (2 shells), 162 (i shell), 163 (several shells), 165 (few shells), 166 (sev eral shells), 167 (many shells). The eggs of this species are deposited in hemi spherical white masses, from i to 2 mm. in diameter, which are of frequent occurrence, attached to various objects. For the identity of these eggs, we rely on the records of Mr. T. E. B. Pope, who observed several of the mollusks depositing them upon the egg cap sules of Urosalpinx cinereus, July 7, 1911. 712 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Anachis aiiara similis (Ravenel). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 644 (Anachis similis) Call, 1889, p. 116 (Anachis avara, var. similis). "Abundant in Vineyard Sound," according to Verrill. Dr. Ball regards this form as being merely a variety of A. avara. In the survey records the two have not been distinguished. Astyris lunata (Say). [Chart 170.] Gould, 1870, p. 359 (Columbella lunata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 645, 306, etc.; Verrill, i882d, p. 371; 1884; Call, 1889, p. 118. Abundant and generally distributed throughout Vineyard Sound; in Buzzards Bay chiefly re stricted to the inshore stations; dredged in i to 19 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Sur vey. This mollusk is equally abundant among alga? growing on piles or upon rocks near shore. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (many), 7522 bis (i), 7524 bis (several), 7525 bis, 7526 (2 shells), 7530 bis (few shells), 7531 (5 water-worn shells), 7531 bis (few shells), 7536 bis (several shells), 7537 bis (many shells), 7538 bis (few), 7539 bis, 7541 bis (common), 7543 bis (few), 7545 bis (many), 7547 bis (many shells), 7549 bis (few), 7550 bis (few), 7551 (several), 7551 bis (few), 7552 bis (few), 7553 bis (numerous shells), 7554 (i shell), 7554 bis (few shells), 7555 (2 shells), 7556 bis (few shells), 7557 (many), 7558, 7560 (several), 7561 (i), 7563 bis (many shells), 7564, 7564 bis (many living and shells), 7565 bis (few shells), 7568 (i shell), 7572 (several), 7576 (i), 7581 (several), 7582 (many), 7583 (i), 7589 (abundant, large and small), 7592 (few), 7593 (i), 7594, 7595 (few shells), 7599, 7602 (many shells), 7611, 7612 (fewshells), 7615 (i shell), 7627 (i small), 7630 (few), 7634, 7640 (i shell), 7644 (2 shells), 7651, 7653 (few shells), 7656, 7657, 7659 (numerous shells), 7661 (few shells), 7671, 7672, 7674 (few shells), 7675 (fewshells), 7676 (few), 7677, 7678, 7679 (few living), 7682 (few living), 7687, 7688 (i), 7697 (few living), 7698 (i shell), 7699 (i), 7701 (few living), 7703 (many living), 7706 (few living), 7707 (few living), 7709 (i shell), 7717 (few living), 7718 (few living), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (few living), 7721 (i shell), 7722 (few shells), 7723 (few), 7724 (many living and shells), 7725 (several living), 7726 (several shells), 7727 (living), 7728 (few living and shells), 7729 (few living), 7730, 7731 (many liv ing and shells), 7732 (few shells), 7733 (i liv ing), 7734 (several shells), 7739 (i shell), 7740 (fewshells), 7741 (i living), 7742 (2 shells), 7743 (several living), 7744 (few), 7746 (several living Astyris lunata Continued. and i shell), 7748 (few living and shells), 7749 (very many living), 7750 (few living), 7751 (few), 7753 (few shells), 7754 (many living), 7755 (few living and shells), 7756 (many living and shells), 7757 (many living), 7759 (many living and shells), 7760 (living and shells com mon), 7761 (many living and shells), 7762 (many living), 7763 (scarce), 7764 (living com mon), 7765 (few), 7766 (few), 7767 (many), 7768 (many living and shells), 7769 (few living), 7771 (few shells), 7772 (few), 7775 (few), 7776 (few shells), 7777 (many), 7779 (few), 7780 (liv ing and shells common), 7781 (many shells), 7782 (few shells), 7783 (many shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many), 2 (i living), 3 (few shells), 4 (few shells), 5 (few living), 6 (several shells), 7 (few), 9 (several shells), 10 (several), n (i), 13, 15 (few), 16 (few living), 17 (living and shells), 18 (many living), 20 (abundant on red algae), 21 (living common), 22 (abundant), 23 (few), 24 (few), 25 (living abundant), 26, 27 (many), 29 (i), 30 (many), 32 (few), 34 (common), 35 (i shell), 36 (abundant), 37 (few living), 38 (living), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 44 (abundant), 45 (many living), 46 (very common), 47 (many living), 51 (few living), 52 (many living), 53 (few), 55 (few living), 56 (few), 57 (few), 58 (many), 59 (few), 60 (few shells), 62 (few), 63 (few), 65 (many), 67 (few shells), 68 (few), 69 (several shells), 73 (many), 74 (many), 75 (several liv ing), 76 (few living), 77 (few), 78 (few shells), 79, 80 (few shells), 81 (few), 82 (fewshells), 83, 84 (few), 86, 87 (few), 88 (i shell), 89, 91, 92 (shells), 94, 96, 97, 99, 100 (shell), 101, 102, 105 (shells), 106, 108, no, in (few living), 112, 113, 115 (few shells), 116, 117 (many liv ing), 118 (living and shells common), 119 (shells), 120 (shells), 121 (many shells), 122 (i living), 123 (i living), 129 (i), 130 (living common), 131 (few), 134 (common), 138 (i shell), 140 (few shells), 141 (several living and shells), 144 (i shell), 147 (i shell), 148 (2 shells), 155 (several shells,) 157 (i shell), 158 (i shell), 159 (i shell), 161 (i shell), 163 (i living), 165 (i living), 167 (i shell, i living). Astyris rosacea (Gould). Gould, 1870, p. 357 (Columbella rosacea; not listed for this region) ; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 645, 508, etc. "Muddy bottoms off the open coast." No defi nite local records given by Verrill, though this region lies within, the stated range of the species. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 713 Astyris zonalis Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 645, 399, etc. Vineyard Sound, rare. Verrill. Family MuRicio/e. Eupleura caudata (Say). [Chart 171.] Gould, 1870, p. 386 (Ranella caudata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 642, 371, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 120. Vineyard Sound, etc., especially at Waquoit. Verrill. Distribution very general through out Buzzards Bay, though seldom numerous in any one dredge haul; in the Sound, much less common, and chiefly restricted to the in shore stations. Survey. Living specimens dredged in 3 to 13 fathoms, on various bottoms, with or without mud. Verrill records it as "living in considerable numbers in the shal low ditches on the marshes." Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (i shell), 7602 (i shell), 7611 (i), 7612 (several), 7613 (2), 7614 (shells and fragments), 7615 (few shells), 7616 (2 shells), 7617 (several shells), 7618 (several), 7619 (i shell), 7620 (several living), 7621 (sev eral shells), 7622 (many shells and living), 7623 (many shells), 7624 (many shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (i), 7627 (4 living), 7628 (few shells), 7629 (few living), 7630 (2), 7632 (few shells), 7633 (few), 7634 (few living and shells), 7637 (i fragment), 7638 (few shells and living), 7639 (living and few shells), 7642 (i shell), 7643 (2 shells), 7644 (i shell), 7645 (i shell), 7646 (i shell), i 7648 (few shells), 7651 (few shells), 7655 (i shell), 7660 (several shells), 7661 (several shells), 7662 (several shells), 7663 (several liv ing), 7668 (few living), 7673 (i shell), 7688 (i shell), 7723 (i shell), 7724 (i small shell), 7736 (i living), 7778 (2 living), 7781 (i living). Phalarope stations: 3 (several shells), 6 (i large living), 19 (i shell), 53 (2 living), 64 (i shell), 65, 68 (i shell), 76 (i shell), 78 (i shell), 80 (few shells), 81 (shells and i living), 82 (few shells), 83 (several shells), 84 (many shells), 91, 92, 93 (i shell), 94, 95, 106, 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, 112, 113, 115 (i shell), 118 (i shell), 119 (i shell), 122 (living and shells), 132 (few shells), 133 (i shell), 136, 139 (i shell), 140 (i shell), 144 (few shells), 145 (few living and shells), 148 (several shells), 150 (several shells), 155 (i), 158 (i living), 162 (several living), 163 (i living), 165 (few shells), 167 (i living). Urosalpinx cinereus (Say) . Oysterdrill. [Charti72.] Gould, 1870, p. 370 (Buccinum cinereum); Ver rill and Smith, 1873, p. 641, 306, etc. (Urosal pinx cinerea); Dall, 1889, p. 120. Urosalpinx cinereus Continued . Distribution of shells general throughout the Sound and Bay; relatively seldom dredged alive in the Bay; living specimens dredged in i to 15 fathoms, preponderantly on stony and shelly bottoms, rare where mud is pres ent. Survey. Abundant as a littoral species, being frequently found in large numbers on rocks exposed at low tide. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (i), 7525 bis (i frag ment), 7527 (i), 7530 (i), 7530 bis (living and shells), 7532 (i), 7532 bis (i fragment), 7533 bis (i shell), 7534 (i), 7534 bis (2 broken shells), 7535 (i). 7537 (few shells), 7538 (several shells and i living), 7543 (i), 7544 (i), 7545 (i), 7543 bis (several shells), 7546 bis (fragments), 7547 bis (few shells), 7549 bis (2 living), 7551 bis (i shell), 7556 bis (few shells), 7563 bis (frag ments), 7564 bis (few shells), 7565 bis (i shell), 7570 (i shell), 7576 (i shell), 7577 (i living), 7582 (few shells), 7587 (i fragment), 7595 (few shells), 7596 (r shell), 7602 (i shell), 7610 (2 fragments), 7614 (2 shells), 7626 (i), 7627 (i), 7629 (i living), 7634 (few shells), 7636 (i shell), 7638 (i shell), 7639 (shell), 7642 (i shell), 7645 (several shells), 7651 (i shell), 7660 (i shell), 7661 (few shells), 7664 (few shells), 7666 (i shell), 7667 (2 shells), 7675 (3 shells), 7694 (i shell), 7699 (i living), 7700 (i living), 7701 (i shell), 7702 (i shell), 7703, 7731 (2 shells), 7732 (i fragment), 7733 (i living), 7734 (i worn shell), 7736 (i shell), 7738 (i fragment), 7739 (i living), 7741 (i living, i shell), 7745 (i liv ing). 775 2 (i small), 7753 (i shell), 7755 (few shells), 7756 (i small shell), 7757 (many liv ing), 7758 (living and shells common), 7759 (few living and shells), 7764 (i shell), 7767 (i shell), 7771 (i fragment), 7774 (few shells), 7776 (i living), 7779 (i fragment), 7782 (i frag ment), 7783 (i shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations; i (2 shells), 4 (i shell), 5 (i shell), 6 (i), 7 (2 shells), 8 (few shells), 13 (i shell), 19 (2 shells), 21 (2), 22 (shells common), 24 (few), 26 (i shell), 28 (i), 30 (i), 34 (2), 35 (i fragment), 36 (few shells), 37 (few shells), 38 (living), 40 (few shells), 44 (2 shells), 45 (several living), 46 (many living), 47 (several living), 48, 51 (few living), 52 (few), 56 (few), 57 (many), 60 (several), 63 (i), 64 (i fragment), 68 (i shell), 69 (i shell), 70 (i liv ing), 76 (? i fragment), 79, 81 (shells), 82 (i shell), 83 (few shells), 84 (living), 85, 86, 87, 88 (i shell), 91, 92 (shells), 98, 101 (i shell), 107 (few shells), 108, no, in (living common), 113, 114 (few shells), 116, 117 (i shell), 118 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Urosalpinx cinereus Continued. (several shells), 121 (living), 122 (few shells), 124 (shells), 126 (few shells), 128 (few shells), 129 (i shell), 130 (few shells), 132, 136, 145 (few shells), 150 (few shells), 151 (2 shells), 155 (i shell), 158 (few shells), 163 (r shell), 164 (several living), 167 (few shells). The horny egg cases may be found attached to the under surface of stones, commonly in clus ters. According to Dr. Bumpus s statement, Urosalpinx was found breeding on May 21; oviposition being observed during several weeks in June. Mr. T. E. B. Pope found specimens laying eggs at Woods Hole on July 13; young were found hatching on July 27. This species perforates the shells of various living mollusks, hence the popular name of "drill." It is of tenvery destructive to oys ters. Thais lapillus (Lmnseus). Gould, 1870, p. 360 (Purpura lapillus; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 642, 306, etc. {Purpura lapillus); Dall, 1889, p. 122 (Purpura lapillus). Not very common nor generally distributed in this region. Recorded from rocky shores at Cuttyhunk, Nobska Point, and at Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole. Gay Head, at Blue Winstation 51 (many living specimens were here either dredged in shoal water or collected from rocks by hand). Eggs were taken at two stations (Fish Hawk 7707* and 7720*) in neighboring parts of the Sound. The egg cases of this species are similar to those of Urosalpinx. Mr. T. E. B. Pope observed individuals laying eggs at Woods Hole on July 13 ; young were found hatching on July 2 7 . Family SCALID^E. Boreoscala grosnlandica (Perry). Gould, 1870, p. 314 (Scalaria grosnlandica; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 660 (Scalaria grosnlandica); Dall, 1889, p. 124 (Scala grcenlandica). South Shoals off Nantucket. Agassiz, Stimpson. Crab Ledge; Buzzards Bay, near West Fal- mouth Harbor (latter possibly an erroneous record). Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (2 shells)*, 7604 (i liv ing), 7605 (i), 7607 (i), 7609 (i shell). Phalarope station 135 (i shell, thus identified by R. C. Osbum). Epiionium multistriatum (Say). Stimpson, 1851 (Scalaria multisiriata); Gould, 1870, p. 313 (Scalaria multisiriata)} Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 660, 418, etc. (Scalaria multi siriata); Dall, 1889, p. 122 (Scala multisiriata). Buzzards Bay. Stimpson. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Gould, Verrill, Survey. Recorded from Fish Hawk station 7532 bis (i small shell), and Phalarope stations 91 and 96; 3 to 9 fathoms. (All identified by R. C. Osbum). Epitonium dallianum (Verrill & Smith). Dall, 1889, p. 124. Sound shore of Pasque Island, at Phalarope sta tion 25*. Epitonium lineatum (Say). Stimpson, 1851; Gould, 1870, p. 312 (Scalaria lineala); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 660, 418, etc. (Scalaria lineata); Dall, 1889, p. 124 (Scala lineata). Buzzards Bay. Stimpson. New Bedford and vicinity. Gould. Vineyard Sound and Buz zards Bay. Verrill, Survey. Phalarope stations: 7 (i shell)*, 81*, 141 (2 shells)*, 144 (i shell.) Epitonium sp. (undetermined). Fish Hawk station 7532 bis (i); Phalarope sta tions: 123 (i shell), 159 (i). Family JANTHINID^E. Janlhinafragilis Lamarck. Stimpson, 1851, p. 32 (lanthinafragilis), Gould, 1870, p. 277; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 660. "Occasionally cast ashore at Nantucket. "- Stimpson. Family EtruMiD^e. Eulima oleacea Kurtz & Stimpson. Stimpson, 1851; Gould, 1870, p. 332; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 655, 418, etc. Buzzards Bay. Stimpson. "Vineyard Sound . . . not uncommon on Thyone briareus, in 4 to 10 fathoms." Verrill. Appears "to live as a quasi parasite or commensal. " Specimens of Eulima from various local points were referred by us to Messrs. Dall and Bartsch, and were unhesitatingly identified by them as E. conoidca (see below). It is possible, there fore, that the foregoing records really relate to the following species. On the other hand, Stimpson himself lists E. oleaceairom Buzzards Bay. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 715 Eulima conoidea Kurtz & Stimpson. [Chart 173.] Ball, 1889, p. 126 (Hatteras to West Indies). Taken by the Survey at a few scattered stations in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound; like wise at widely distant points in Buzzards Bay; dredged in 3 to 13 fathoms, on various bottoms (mainly shells). Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (2 shells)*, 7528 (i shell), 7537 bis, 7549 bis (r), 7755 (i shell and i fragment), 7757 (i shell), 7772 (i shell). Phalarope stations: 79 (few shells), 116, 144 (i shell), 147 (i living). Stilifer stimpsoni Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 655, 460 (Stylifcr Stimpsoni; no local records); Ball, 1889, p. 126; Sumner, 1908, p. 319. A number of specimens found upon the surface of a "green urchin" (Strongylocentrotus droe- bachiensis), taken in Vineyard Sound at a repe tition of Fish Hawk station 7592*, August 23, 1907; 4 large specimens found upon the same species of echinoid, July 29, 1908, in the neigh borhood of Fish Hawk station 7593. Family PYRAMIDELLID^E. Pyramidella producia (Adams). Adams, 1840, p. 322 (Jaminia producta); Gould, 1870, p. 325 (Odostomia producia); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656, 333, etc. (Odostomia pro ducia); Bartsch, 1909, p. 72. Fairhaven. Adams. Vineyard Sound. Verrill. Woods Hole [region], Bartsch. Pyramidella fusca (Adams). Adams, 1839, p. 282 (Pyramis fusca); Gould, 1870, p. 325 (Odostomia fusca); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656, 307, etc. (Odostomia fusca); Bartsch, 1909, p. 73. New Bedford, Dartmouth. Adams. Fair- haven, New Bedford, Woods Hole, Naushon Island. Bartsch. Pyramidella bartschi Winkley. Winkley, 1909, p. 40 (sp. nov.). A single specimen from Woods Hole. Turbonilla stricta Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 659 (sp. nov.; only recorded from Long Island Sound), Bartsch, 1909, p. 76. Woods Hole [region], Naushon Island, a number of specimens listed by Dr. Bartsch. Turbonilla nivea (Stimpson). Gould, 1870, p. 331 (not listed for this region); Bartsch, 1909, p. 77. Dredged by the Survey near Round Hill Point, at Fish Hawk station 7659!; Gay Head at Phalarope station 6o|; Bay shore of Naushon, at Phalarope station git. Various specimens from this region, in National Museum and else where, likewise recorded by Bartsch. Turbonilla tequalis (Say). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 659 (T. equalis); Ver rill, i882a, p. 537; Bartsch, 1909, p. 78. "Vineyard Sound, 6 to 8 fathoms." Verrill. ? Turbonilla -verrilli Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 82 (sp. nov.). "The type, cat. no. 94826a U. S. National Museum, comes from Marthas Vineyard, Mass." (This ma) really mean off Marthas Vineyard, at a considerable depth.) Turbonilla vinete Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 83 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole [region], many specimens in United States National Museum and elsewhere cata logued by Bartsch. Dredged by the Survey in Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk stations 7649! and 7656! and Phalarope station 78!. Turbonilla eleganlula Verrill. Verrill, 1872, p. 282 (T. eUgans); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 657, 418, etc. (T. elegans); Verrill, i882c, p. 538; Bartsch, 1909, p. 84. "Vineyard Sound, 6 to 10 fathoms." Verrill. Eel Pond; Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound. Bartsch. Buzzards Bay, at Fish Hawk sta tions 7634^ and 7&5iJ. Survey. Turbonilla areolata Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 658 (sp. nov., not listed for this region); Verrill, i882C, p. 537, Bartsch, 1909, p. 86. Vineyard Sound, 2 to 8 fathoms. Verrill. Woods Hole [region]. Bartsch. Near Had- ley Harbor, at Phalarope station isot, one specimen. Survey. Turbonilla inierrupta (Totten). Adams, 1839, p. 275 (Turritella interrupta); Gould, 1870, p. 331; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 657, 418, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 128; Bartsch, 1909, p. 87. Dartmouth. Adams. Newport Harbor. Tot- ten. " Quite common in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in 3 to 10 fathoms." Verrill. Woods Hole [region]. Bartsch. Recorded 7 i6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Turbo nilla in terrupta Continued . from a few scattered stations both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, at 2 to 17 fathoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7564 his, 7623 (the foregoing thus identified by R. C. Osburn), 7686}:, 7710?, Phalarope stations: 91, 157 (both identified by Dr. Osburn). Turbonilla mighelsi Bartsch. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 658 (Turbonilla cos- tulata; not listed for this region); Verrill, 18823, p. 537 (T. costulata); Bartsch, 1909, p. 88 (nom. nov.). Vineyard Sound, i to 5 fathoms. Verrill. Woods Hole. Bartsch. Turbonilla buteonis Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 89 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole [region], several records. Turbonilla ivinklcyi Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 90 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole [region], many records given by Bartsch . Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay; recorded twice for Vineyard Sound; 2 to 17 fathoms, on more or less muddy bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7537 bis (? several shells), 7612 (?), 7 6 I7 (?), 7647 (few shells)!, 7650!, 7656!, 7657}, 7660}, 7 66it, 7663$, 7686}. Phalarope stations: 78^, 119 (several)J, i2oj, iSSt Turbonilla -winkleyi senilis Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 92 (var. nov.). Woods Hole [region], several specimens cata logued by Dr. Bartsch. Turbonilla sumneri Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 93 (sp. nov.). Type specimen from Woods Hole [region]. Later more than a dozen specimens (identified by Dr. Bartsch) were taken in the Eel Pond by Rev. H. W. Winkley. Turbonilla rathbuni Verrill & Smith. Call, 1889, p. 128; Bartsch, 1909, p. 94. Dredged once at the head of Buzzards Bay (Pha larope station 154!). Listed by Bartsch from Woods Hole [region] and from Newport. Turbonilla sp. sp. (undetermined). Many specimens referable to species of this genus were taken at the following stations. A large proportion of them are listed as undetermined, owing to ambiguities in the records ; others were referred to Messrs. Dall and Bartsch, but were not sufficiently well preserved for identifica tion. Turbonilla Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7528 (i shell), 7531 (2 shells) 7563 bis, 7583 (i), 7602 (3 shells), 7622, 7626, 7639, 7649, 7652, 7653, 7656, 7657, 7662, 7664, 7707 (r shell), 7709, 7710 (i living and i shell), 7723 (several shells), 7724 (i fragment), 7726, 7727 (r living, 2 shells), 7728, 7729, 7731, 7734 (i much worn shell), 7741, 7744 (fragment), 7746 (i shell), 7748 (i shell), 7753 (several shells), 7756 (2 shells), 7764 (2 shells), 7771 (i worn shell). Phalarope stations: 17, 18, 19, 62, 65 (i), 70 (sev eral shells), 72 (2 living), 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 89, 90, 91, 92 (shells), 96, 100 (living and shells), 107 (few living), 108, no, 113, 115(1), 116, 117, 118, 119 (many living), 120 (living and shells), 121, 123, 124, 125, 126 (several living), 127, 132, 138 (several shells), 141, 142, 144, 147 (i shell), 151 (living, shells), 152 (i shell), 159 (3 shells), 162 (2), 165 (several), 166 (several shells), 167 (i). Odosiomia seminuda (Adams). Adams, 1839, p. 280 (Jaminia seminuda); Gould, 1870, p. 329; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 657, 418, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 130; Bartsch, 1909, p. 97. Dartmouth. Adams. "Common in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in 2 to rofathoms. " Verrill. Recorded by Bartsch from various local points. Dredged by the Survey at a few scattered stations in both the Bay and the Sound, at 2 to 7 fathoms; likewise collected at Vineyard Haven.* Fish Hawk stations: 7634*, 7651*; Blue Wing station 20 (i shell); Phalarope station 30 (i shell). Odostomia buskiana Bartsch. < Bartsch, 1909, p. 99 (sp. nov.). Vineyard Sound. Odostomia hendersoni Bartsch. Bartsch, 1909, p. 101 (sp. nov.). Woods Hole [region], type and three other speci mens listed by Bartsch. Odostomia impressa (Say). Bartsch, 1909, p. 103. New Bedford. Stimpson, cited by Bartsch. Odostomia trifida (Totten). Gould, 1870, p. 328; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656, 307, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 130; Bartsch, 1909, p. 104. New Bedford Harbor. Adams. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common; found be neath rocks, among hydroids, bryozoa, etc.; also listed for piles, etc., and for gravelly and BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 717 Odostomia trifida Continued. shelly bottoms. Verrill. "Woods Hole , New Bedford, Weepecket Island. Bartsch. One small shell, thus identified with doubt by Dr. Bartsch, was taken at Fish Hawk station 7679. Odostomia bisuturalis (Say). Gould, 1870, p. 327 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656, 307, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 130; Bartsch, 1909, p. 106. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, not uncom mon. Verrill. Specimens from many local points catalogued by Bartsch. Odostomia modesia (Stitnpson). Bartsch, 1909, p. 108. Woods Hole [region], two records by Bartsch. ? Odostomia dealbata Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 327; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 656. No definite local records, though this region lies within the stated range of the species. Couthouyella striatula (Couthouy). Bartsch, 1909, p. no. Buzzards Bay. Family TKIFOMD^E. Triforis nigrocinctus Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 323; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 648, 305, etc.; Verrill, 1882 d, p. 371; 1884. Dartmouth Harbor. Adams, cited by Gould. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 2 to 12 fathoms,. not uncommon;" also mentioned as occurring on weeds between tides, as well as in other habitats. Verrill. Apparently scarce except as a littoral and shallow water form. Recorded but once by the survey (Fish Hawk station 7701*). Family CEMTHIOPSID^E. Seila terebralis (Adams). [Chart 175.] Adams, 1840, p. 320 (Cerilhium terebrale); Gould, 1870, p. 389 (Cerithiopsis terebralis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 648, 417, etc. (Cerithiopsis tere bralis), Dall, 1889, p. 138. New Bedford. Adams. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Verrill. Eastern half of Vine yard Sound ; inshore stations and upper end of Buzzards Bay, scarce; dredged in 2 to 13 fath oms, on very various bottoms. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7549 bis (i small fragment), 7552 bis*, 7628 (i), 7631 (i shell), 7633 (i shell), 7634(1), 73S ( x shell), 7671, 7757(1 shell), 7778 (i shell), 7780(1 shell). Seila terebralis Continued. Phalarope stations: 8 (i), no (i shell), 121 (2 living), 126 (i shell), 132 (i shell), 133 (i shell), 144 (i), 145 (several living and shells), 147 (i), 148 (living and shells common), 150 (i), 155 (2 shells), 157 (i), 164 (i shell)* 167 (several shells)*. Cerithiopsis greenii (Adams). Adams, 1839, p. 286 (Cerilhium greenii); Gould 1870, p. 322 (Bittium greenii); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 647, 383, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 138- Dartmouth Harbor. Adams. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 3 to 10 fathoms." Verrill. Cerithiopsis emersonii Adams. [Chart 176.] Gould, 1870, p. 387; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 648, 417, etc. Nantucket and New Bedford. Adams, cited by Gould. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Verrill. Vineyard Sound, chiefly in the east ern half; in Buzzards Bay, fairly common, but for the most part restricted to inshore stations; dredged in 2 to 13 fathoms, on every sort of bot tom, but never taken in large numbers. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (i)*, 7538 bis (i shell), 7543 (i shell), 7554 bis (i shell), 7572 (i shell), 7629 (i shell), 7632 (i shell), 7634 (2), 7635 (2 shells), 7659 (i shell), 7674 (i fragment), 7753 (i shell), 7767 (i shell fragment), 7770, 7777 (i shell), 7782 (i shell), Phalarope stations: 2 (i), 6 (i shell), 52 (i shell), 71 (i shell), 80, 81 (i) 82 (i shell), 84 (2), 85 (i shell), 91, 96, 97, 108, no, 120 (shells), 123 (i shell), 145 (living and shells), 147 (few), 148 (i shell), 149 (i living), 150 (i shell), 152 (i shell), 158 (4 shells), 159 (i shell), 165 (2 frag ments), 167 (i). Family CERITHIID^E. Bittium alternatum (Say). [Chart 177.] Gould, 1870, p. 321 (Bittium nigrum); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 648, 305, etc. (Bittium nigrum) , Dall, 1889, p. 140. Nantucket. Gould. Vineyard Sound and Buz zards Bay. Verrill. More frequent in the Bay than in the Sound, and in both cases mainly restricted to inshore stations; seldom dredged at depths greater than 5 fathoms. Survey. Recorded as abundant at nearly all points where shore collecting was carried on. Fish Hawk stations: 7552 bis*, 7724*, 7762 (i shell), 7778 (2 shells), 7781 (i shell). 7 i8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Bittium alternatum Continued. Phalarope stations: 8, 17, 25*, 73, 82*, 87, 91, 92*, 93, 96 (many), 97, 101 (i shell), 105 (shells), 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, 117 (living and shells), 118 (i shell), 119 (i shell), 120 (shells), 121 (few shells), 122 (i shell), 126 (i shell), 129, 130 (many living), 131 (abundant), 133 (i shell), 134 (few), 136, 138 (i shell), 141 (few), 142 (i shell), 143 (i shell), 144 (several shells), 147 (i), 148 (i shell), 152 (i shell), 158 (i), 159 (i shell), 161 (i shell). Family C&CIDI&. Ctzcum pulchellum Stimpson. Stimpson, 1851; Gould, 1870, p. 315; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 649, 417, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 142. New Bedford Harbor. Stimpson. " Vineyard Sound, i to 4 fathoms, and dead on shore at Nobska beach. " Verrill. Buzzards Bay, at a number of stations along the eastern shore; dredged in 3 to 7 fathoms on bottoms of sand and gravel. Survey. Phalarope stations: 91*, 92 (i living), 109 (i shell), no, 116 (many)*, 117 (i living), 118 (i), 134 (i living), 135 (i living). Caecum joknsoni Winkley. Winkley, 1908, p. 54. "Dredged at Woods Hole, Mass., on gravel bot tom in 2 to 3 fathoms." Caecum cooperi Smith. [Chart 178.] Verrill, 1872, p. 283 (Ccecum costatum); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 649, 417, etc. (Ccecum cooperi and C. costatum); Verrill, i882a, p. 525; Dall, 1889, p. 142. "Vineyard Sound, 8 to 10 fathoms." Verrill. Taken at a number of inshore stations in Buz zards Bay, and two in Vineyard Sound; dredged in 3 to 7 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of sand and gravel. Survey. Phalarope stations: 33 (several living)*, 52, 91*, 100, 102, 108 (living), 117 (2 shells), 123 (2 shells), 133 (2 shells), 133 (2 living), 135, 140 (i shell), 141 (common), 146 (i). Family VERMETID^E. Vermicularia spirata Philippi. [Chart 179.] Stimpson, 1851, p. 39 (Vermeius radicula); Gould 1870, p. 316 (Vermeius radicula); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 649, 417 (Vermetus radicula); Dall, 1889, p. 144. New Bedford Harbor. Gould. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 3 to 10 fathoms, not uncommon." Verrill. Common in Great Vermicularia spirata Continued. Harbor, Woods Hole. V. N. Edwards. By the Survey taken chiefly in the eastern half of Vineyard Sound, and near the shores of Buz zards Bay; dredged in 3 to 13 fathoms, chiefly on bottoms of gravel and sand; in nearly all cases empty shells. Fish Hawk stations: 7531 (i shell), 7534 (i shell), 7535 bis (i shell), 7536 (10 shells), 7537 bis (many shells, mostly broken), 7541 bis (several shells), 7546 bis, 7552 bis, 7556 bis (few shells), 7557 (i), 7563 (? i broken shell), 7 563 bis (few shells), 7614 (few fragments), 7630 (few fragments), 7643 (i shell), 7659, 7730 (i shell), 7748 (many shells), 7750 (i shell), 7752 (i shell), 7753 (i small shell), 7757 (i shell), 7759 (i shell), 7760 (i shell), 7763 (i small shell), 7764 (many small shells), 7767 (few shells), 7768 (2 shells). Phalarope stations: I (i shell), 6 (2 tips), 7 (i), 8 (shells and living), 9 (i), n (i), 42 (few shells), 62 (2), 63 (several shells), 69 (i), 70 (i shell), 74 (i), 76 (i), 77 (few shells), 83 (sev eral shells), 84 (i shell), 91, 92, 96, 97, 108, 109, no, 115 (shells common), 120 (shells), 123 (shells), 134 (i shell), 141 (few shells), 146 (2 shells), 1 60 (i fragment ?). Eggs "deposited in July ... in an advanced stage of development." Stimpson. Family Littorina irrorata Say. Gould, 1870, p. 311 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 651, 372; Dall; 1889, p. 146. "Vineyard Sound, sparingly;" found on muddy shores; it "may have been introduced from farther south with oysters." Verrill. Littorina rudis Maton. Gould, 1870, p. 304 (Littorina rudis), p. 306 (L. tenebrosa); Verrill and Smith, 1873, pp. 651, 305; Dall, 1889, p. 146. Distribution general along stony shores through out the region, commonly associated with L. litorca and L. palliata. Unlike the latter spe cies, however, it is, in such localities, usually found upon the rocks themselves and seldom upon the rockweeds attached to them. Lit torina rudis has a wide range of habitat, being found upon the surf-beaten bowlders at Gay Head, as well as upon eelgrass in Great Pond, where the water is somewhat brackish. It is strictly littoral, however, and hence even the shells are seldom dredged. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 719 Littorina rudis Continued. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 20 (i shell), 22 (i shell), 44 (i shell), 45 (i shell), 48, 51 (sev eral living, perhaps not taken by dredge), 52 (i living and 2 shells), 60 (i shell), 94. This species is viviparous. Dr. M. T. Thomp son states that the eggs are carried throughout the year. Littorina palliata Say. Gould, 1870, p. 309 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1870, pp. 652, 305, etc.; Call, 1889, p. 146. Abundant and of general distribution along the shores throughout the region, though not re corded among the species dredged. Thismol- lusk is seldom found locally except upon the common rockweeds (Fucus -uesiculosiis and Ascophyllum nodosum), where it is sometimes extremely abundant. It is very variable as to color and form, and might readily be regarded as belonging to a number of distinct species. According to the observations of Dr. Sumner, the eggs are laid in small patches of clear, stiff jelly, which are deposited upon the weeds. These are abundant all through the summer, and are, perhaps, to be found throughout the entire year, having been taken as early as March 14 (1908) and as late as November 30 (1907). A veliger stage is passed through while in the capsule, and the young which emerges from the latter is practically adult except as to size. Littorina litorea (Linnaeus). European periwinkle. [Chart 180.] Gould, 1870, p. 308 (listed only from Halifax); Verrill, iSSoa, p. 251; Ganong, 1886, p. 935; 1889; M. T. Thompson, 1899, p. 582. (It is striking to note that this species is not even mentioned by Verrill and Smith, 1873.) Enormously abundant on shores, between tide marks; commoner among rocks, but of almost universal occurrence as a littoral species. The shells are frequently dredged, even in the deeper waters of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, whither they have doubtless in most cases been transported by hermit crabs. This species, which seems to have been originally European, "was first reported from Halifax in 1857 by Mr. John Willis, but Sir William Daw- son states that he collected it in the southern part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence earlier than this, and Prof. E. S. Morse received it from Bathurst in 1855. It was found near St. John, by Mr. G. F. Matthew in 1861 or 1862. It was unknown on the coast of New England prior to 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 12 Littorina litorea Continued. 1868, but has since spread southward very rapidly, reaching Casco Bay about 1873, Cape Cod in 1875, New Haven, Conn., in 1879."- Ganong. "In 1872 it was very rare at Prov- incetown, Mass., but in 1875 it was common there. In 1875 it was collected by the writer at Barnstable, Mass., on the shores of Cape Cod Bay, in large quantities. In 1879 it had be come exceedingly abundant at Provincetown. In 1875 our parties found two specimens only on the southern shores of Cape Cod, at Woods Hole, but in 1876 it was found to be common there, and is now very abundant." Verrill. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (i), 7525, 7525 bis (i), 7526 (several shells), 7533 bis (i shell), 7534 (i shell), 7538 (i shell), 7541 bis (i shell), 7542 (few shells), 7543 (few shells), 7544 (few shells), 7549 bis (i shell), 7550 bis (i shell), 7551 bis (i shell), 7553 bis (i shell), 7554 (sev eral shells), 7559 (i shell), 7560 (2 shells), 7579 (i shell), 7602 (2 shells), 7610 (i fragment), 7613 (several shells), 7614 (i shell), 7615 (few), 7616 (i shell), 7617 (several shells), 7619, 7621 (i shell), 7622 (i shell), 7625 (i), 7630 (few shells), 7632 (few shells), 7633 (i), 7634 (few living and shells), 7636 (several shells), 7638 (i shell), 7640 (2 shells), 7644 (few fragments), 7645 (few shells), 7648 (few), 7650 (i fragment of shell), 7652 (i fragment), 7653 (i shell), 7656 (i shell), 7659 (few shells), 7661 (i shell), 7662 (i shell), 7663 (i shell), 7741 (i shell) 7761 (i shell), 7762 (i shell), 7769 (i shell), 7770 (i shell), 7774 (i shell), 7776 (i shell), 7779 (i shell), 7781 (3 shells), 7782 (i shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (i frag ment), 2 (i shell), 3 (several shells), 5 (i shell), 6 (several shells), 7 (few shells), 13 (2 shells), 18 (2 shells), 22 (shells common), 28 (several), 29 (i). 3 (i large), 33 (several shells), 50 (shells), 53 (i shell), 61 (i), 68 (i shell), 71 (few shells), 72 (few shells), 78 (shells), 79 (few shells), 80 (few shells), 81 (several), 82 (sev eral shells), 83 (i shell), 84 (few shells), 88 (i shell), 89, 92 (shells), 93 (2), 94, 95, 97, 98, 103, 104, 109, no, 116, 117 (i shell), 118 (several shells), 119 (few shells), 120 (living and shells), 122 (many shells), 123 (few shells), 124 (shells), 125 (several shells), 126 (few shells), 127 (few shells), 128 (few shells), 129 (shells), 130 (few shells), 132, 133 (shells), 135 (i shell), 136, 137 (few shells), 138 (i shell), 139 (i fragment), 140 (few shells), 141 (few shells), 142 (several), 145 (several shells), 149 (common), 150 (few shells), 153 (i shell), 154 (i shell), 158 (few shells), 160 720 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES Littorina litorea Continued. (i fragment), 161 (i fragment), 163 (i shell), 164 (2 shells), 165 (2 shells). Gonads ripe, commencing middle of June; veli- gers noted latter part of August and early Sep tember; young i mm. in length taken off Nobska Point, September 20. M. T. Thomp son. This valuable mollusk is entirely neglected on our shores; in some parts of Europe it forms an important item of food. Lacuna puteola Turton. [Chart 181.] Vineyard Sound, abundant, chiefly at the in shore stations; in Buzzards Bay almost wholly confined to the neighborhood of the Elizabeth Islands; dredged in i to 17 fathoms, chiefly at depths less than 8 fathoms, and almost ex clusively on non-muddy bottoms. Survey. This species is often associated with Astyris lunata. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (2)*, 7549 bis (i), 7557 (many), 7560 (several), 7572 (several), 7582 (few), 7583, 7589 (i living), 7593 (3 shells), 7595 (several), 7596, 7602 (many shells), 7719*, 7720*. 7730 (2 shells), 7731 (i shell), 7761 (i shell), 7764 (many shells), 7767 (shells com mon), 7771 (i shell), 7778 (2 shells), 7779 (i shell), 7781 (few shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 17 (few), 20 (abundant among algae), 22 (many living), 23 (i shell), 25 (few living), 27 (i shell), 28 (i shell), 29 (few), 30 (i), 32 (few), 33 (few living), 34 (few), 36 (few), 37 (few living), 38 (few shells), 40 (i shell), 42 (few shells), 44 (abun dant), 46 (many living), 47 (very common liv ing), 48, 50 (few), 51*, 52 (few shells), 53 (few), 55> 57 (f W ). 5 8 (f W living), 60 (few shells), 62 (i), 64 (i shell), 65 (few), 66 (i), 67 (i shell), 69, 72, 73 (abundant), 74 (many), 75 (several), 82 (i shell), 87 (few),* 90, 91, 92 (shells), 99, too, 101, 102, 104, 105 (shells), 112, 113 (i shell), 114 (i), 116, 117 (i), 118 (i shell), 121 (few living), 129 (i), 130 (common), 131 (abundant). Lacuna -vincta (Montagu). Gould, 1870, p. 302 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 6 5 2 - 35> etc -; Da U. 1889, p. 146. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, Sheep Pen Cove, Tarpaulin Cove, Cedar Tree Neck, Gay Head, Sow and Pigs Reef. Found among algae and eelgrass near low-water mark. Ver rill states that this species occurs at depths of 4 or 5 fathoms, but this is certainly not usual locally, for it was recorded from only four of the survey dredging stations. Lacuna vincta Continued. Fish Hawk station 7557 bis; Blue Wing stations: 47 and 51; Phalarope station in. Taken in the act of spawning during February and March; the eggs have likewise been found December 10. These are inclosed in ring- shaped masses of jelly, commonly having a somewhat greenish tint. Edwards, Sumner. Lacuna sp. (undetermined). Fish Hawk stations: 7721 (young), 7725. Family LmopiM3. Litiopa melanostoma Rang. Verrill, i882a, p. 523 (Litiopa bombix; not listed for this region); Call, 1889, p. 148 (Litiopa bombix). Menemsha Bight, on gulfweed.* Family RJSSOID-B. Rissoa arenaria (Mighels). Fish Hawk station 7718* (off Gay Head, 14 fath oms, sand and shells). Rissoa exarata Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 301 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 654, 493; Call, 1889, p. 148. "Rocky bottoms off the open coast," rare; a northern species. Verrill. Not specifically recorded for this region, though the latter lies within the stated range of the species. Rissoa stimpsoni Smith. Verrill, 18823, p. 523. Woods Hole. Cingula minuta (Totten). Gould, 1870, p. 289 (Rissoa minuta; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 653, 383, etc. (Littorinella minuta). "Brackish and muddy shores of ... Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound . . ." Verrill. South arm of West Falmouth Harbor, between tides. (Collected by Cole, identified by Dall and Bartsch.) Dredged in Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7550 bis (probably an empty shell). Verrill states that this species forms much of the food of certain small fishes and aquatic birds. Cingula aculeiis Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 299 (Rissoa aculcus; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 654, 306, etc. (Rissoa aculeits}; Dall, 1889, p. 148 (Rissoa aculcus). Vineyard Sound, on algae and under stones, along rocky shores; likewise on piles, etc., in brackish water. Verrill. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 721 Skenea planorbis Fabricius. Gould, 1870, p. 296 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 655, 383; Verrill, 1878, p, 211 ; 18820, p. 550; Dall, 1889, p. 150. Cuttyhunk Island. Verrill. Listed for rocky shores; also for piles, etc. Family ASSIMINEID^E. Assiminca modes ta (Lea). Verrill, 18843, p. 253. Newport. Assiminea grayana Leach. Verrill, 18820, p. 525. Among decaying seaweeds, at high-water mark, between tides, at Newport (1880). Family TRUNCATELLID^E. Truncatella truncatula (Draparnaud). Verrill, 18820, p. 525. Considerable numbers taken on decaying sea weeds, at high-water mark, among docks "at Newport, 1880. Family Crucibulum striatum (Say). [Chart 182.] Gould, 1870, p. 275 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 651, 399, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 152. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 3 to 12 fathoms, not uncommon." Verrill. Western end of Vineyard Sound, beyond Quicks Hole, fairly frequent; Bay side of Sow and Pigs Reef, i station. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7582 (i shell), 7585 (2 shells, i living), 7591 (6 shells), 7592 (i shell), 7598 (many living; some on Venericardia shells), 7664 (few living on Astarte), 7679 (i shell), 7680 (i living), 7682 (i living and shell), 7688 (i living), 7698 (several living), 7699 (i living), 7700 (2 shells), 7702 (i living), 7706 (2 living and shells), 7708 (i small shell), 7709 (i shell), 7719 (i small shell). Phalarope station 59 (i shell). Crepidula fornicata Lamarck. Boat shell. [Chart 183.] Gould, 1870, p. 271; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 649, 417, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 152; Conklin, 1897, p. 14; Mead, 1898, p. 703; Bumpus, 3, p. 857; Sumner, 1910, fig. 22. Abundant and of general distribution through out the entire region; living specimens dredged rather more frequently in the Sound than in the Bay, being taken in 2 to 19 fathoms, on very varied bottoms. Extensive beds, composed very largely of shells of this species, Crepidula fornicata Continued. occur in Vineyard Sound. This mollusk is perhaps most frequently encountered on the shells of hermit crabs. It is likewise usually present on the carapace of Lirmilus; sometimes on rocks or piles, or merely clinging to others of the same species. In the last case a consid erable number may adhere in series, forming a sort of chain. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7521 bis (many shells), 7523 (few shells), 7524 (many large), 7524 bis (many large living), 7525 (i shell), 7525 bis (few shells), 7526 (several), 7527 (few small), 7528 (few), 7530 (many with eggs), 7530 bis (many shells), 7331 (many shells), 7532 (few small shells), 7533 (several shells), 7535 (f ew shells), 7536 (i shell), 7536 bis (few shells), 7537 (i shell), 7538 (few shells), 7540 (few shells), 7541 (few shells), 7542 bis (few shells), 7543 (few shells), 7544 (i shell), 7545 bis (few fragments), 7546 (few shells), 7546 bis (many shells), 7547 bis (many shells), 7548 (few shells), 7549 bis (few living, on Polynices hews), 7551 (living and shells), 7551 bis (few living and shells), 7552 (many living and shells), 7552 bis (few shells), 7553 bis (few shells), 7554 (many small living), 7554 bis (few shells), 7555 (few on mussels), 7556 (many on shells), 7556 bis (many shells), 7557 (few on shells of Polynices heros and P. duplicate.), 7558 (i shell) 7559 (many living), 7560 (several shells), 7561 (few shells), 7562 (few shells), 7562 bis (few shells), 7563 (many), 7563 bis (few shells), 7564 (few), 7564 bis (living and shells), 7565 (few shells), 7565 bis (i shell), 7566 (many shells), 7567 (many shells), 7568 (many shells), 7569 (few shells), 7569 bis (few shells and fragments), 7571 (few shells), 7572 (few shells), 7574 (few shells), 7575 (few shells), 7576 (many living and shells), 7577 (many shells, few living), 7578 (few living, many shells), 7579 (few), 7580 (several shells), 7581 (few living), 7582 (several), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few), 7585 (several shells), 7587 (many shells), 7588 (many shells), 7591 (few shells), 7592 (few living and shells), 7593 (few shells), 7595 (many shells), 7596 (several shells), 7597 (many shells, few living), 7598 (many shells), 7599 (few shells), 7602 (few shells), 7610 (sev eral shells), 7613 (several fragments), 7614 (few shells), 7615 (several shells), 7616 (few shells), 7617 (many living and shells), 7619 (few shells) 7620 (many shells), 7621 (very many shells), 7623 (few shells), 7624 (very many shells), 7625 (very many shells), 7626 (very many shells) 722 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Crepidula fornicata Continued. 7627 (many shells), 7628 (very abundant), 7629 (very many shells), 7630 (many shells), 7631 (very abundant), 7632 (several shells), 7633 (many shells), 7634 (many shells), 7635 (very many shells), 7636 (i shell), 7638 (few living), 7639 (i shell), 7640 (few shells), 7641 (i shell), 7642 (i small shell), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (few shells), 7645 (2 shells), 7646 (few shells), 7647 (few shells), 7648 (many shells), 7649 (few shells), 7651 (shells abundant), 7652 (many shells), 7653 (many living and shells), 7654 (few shells), 7655 (few shells), 7656 (few shells and living), 7659 (few shells), 7660 (few shells), 7661 (few living and shells), 7662 (few living), 7663 (very many shells and few living), 7664 (few shells), 7665 (few shells), 7666 (few shells), 7667 (few shells), 7668 (few shells), 7670 (many living and shells), 7672 (living and few shells), 7674 (many shells), 7675 (many shells), 7678 (many living and few shells), 7679 (many large living and shells), 7680 (living and shells abundant), 7681 (many shells), 7682 (living and shells), 7683 (few fragments), 7688 (i shell), 7694 (few shells), 7695 (few shells), 7696, 7697 (few shells), 7698 (many living), 7699 (few living), 7700 (few living), 7701 (few living and several shells), 7702 (many living), 7703 (many shells), 7704 (i shell), 7706 (many living), 7707 (few living), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few shells), 7717 (few living and shells), 7719 (many living and shells), 7731 (few shells, small liv ing), 7733 (i shell), 7734 (many living and shells), 7736 (few shells), 7738 (i shell), 7739 (few shells), 7740 (many shells), 7741 (few liv ing and shells), 7744 (few shells), 7748 (i shell), 7749 (many living), 7751 (few shells), 7753 (few living), 7755 (few shells), 7757 (very many liv ing and shells), 7758 (very many living and shells), 7759 (many shells and few living), 7760 (many shells), 7761 (few living and many shells), 7762 (shells and living abundant), 7763 (man} living and shells), 7764 (few living and shells), 7766 (many shells and fragments), 7767 (few shells), 7769 (few shells), 7770 (several shells), 7771 (several shells), 7773 (i shell), 7774 (few shells), 7776 (few small living), 7777 (few shells), 7779 (few small living and shells), 7780 (many living and shells), 7781 (few living and shells), 7782 (few living and shells), 7783 (few living and shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few shells), 2 (few shells), 3 (few shells), 5 (few living), 6 (several large living), 7 (many shells and few living), 8 (few), 9 (few), n (few), 12 (i), 13 (i Crepidula fornicata Continued. shell), 15 (few living), 16 (i shell), 17 (i small), 19 (i shell), 22 (many shells), 24 (i shell), 25 (few shells), 26 (i shell), 27 (i shell), 28 (few), 29 (few), 30 (few), 32 (i shell), 34 (several small shells), 35 (shells), 37 (few small shells), 38 (i), 39 (few shells), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 50 (i small), 52 (many shells), 53 (few shells), 56 (several shells), 57 (few), 58 (2), 59, 60 (few shells and living), 62 (few), 63 (few), 64 (few shells and living), 65 (many large shells), 66 (several shells), 68 (many living and shells), 69 (few shells), 70 (masses), 71 (masses), 72 (masses), 73 (few living and dead), 74 (few shells), 76 (few fragments), 77 (few shells), 79(1 small), 80 (masses), 81 (abundant), 82 (few shells), 83 (many shells), 84 (masses, living and shells), 85, 86, 87 (i shell), 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 (shells), 101 (shells), 102, 107 (few shells), 108, 109, no, in (few), 113, 114 (shells common), 115 (shells common), 117 (few shells), 1 18 (few shells), 120 (shells), 121 (shells common), 122 (shells common), 123 (shells common), 124 (shells), 125, 126 (very many shells), 128 (shells common), 129 (shells), 130 (few shells), 132 (abundant), 133 (few shells), 134 (shells common), 135, 137 (few shells), 138 (few shells), 139 (abundant), 140 (common), 141 (shells), 142 (shells common), 143 (several shells), 144 (masses), 145 (abundant), 146 (sev eral shells), 147 (living and shells common), 148 (shells abundant), 149 (abundant), 150 (many), 151, 152 (few shells), 153 (few shells), 154 (many shells), 157 (i small), 158 (many shells and few living), 159 (few shells), 161 (i shell), 163 (i living, several shells), 164 (many shells), 165 (many shells), 166 (i living, many shells), 167 (abundant, shells forming consid erable part of material brought up). Eggs reported as early as April 6 (Mead) and as late as September i (Conklin). Crepidula comjexa Say. [Chart 184.] Gould, 1870, p. 273 (Crepidula comjexa), p. 274 (C. glauca); Verrill and Smith, 1873, P- 5. 355, etc.; Call, 1889, p. 152; Conklin, 1897, p. 13; Sumner, 1910, fig. 23. Inshore stations of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, common. Living specimens of this species were occasionally dredged by the sur vey at depths as great as 15 fathoms, though it was commonly taken at depths of less than 8 fathoms, occurring upon very varied bottoms. In its habitat, Crepidula comiexa differs very characteristically from the other two members BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 723 Crepidula conixxa Continued, of the genus which are present locally, the former being almost exclusively a littoral or ad- littoral form. It is commonly found upon the shells of Littorina litorea and Ilyanassa obsolete, when occupied by Pagurus longicarpus; occa sionally upon the shells of the living mollusks, or even upon eelgrass. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (? i living), 7525 bis (? i living), 7532 (i), 7546 bis (? living), 7547 bis (? living), 7552 bis (i shell), 7560 (i), 7584 (2, i living), 7621 (? few shells), 7630 (i living), 7632 (i living), 7654 (i shell), 7668 (i living), 7672 (3 living), 7725 (2 living), 7782 (i shell and i living). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 6 (i living), 9 (i), 17 (i living), 19 (common on Trilia and Litlorina), 20 (i living on Tritia), 34 (i frag ment), 50 (i on Litlorina), 52 (several living), 53 (i), 62 (several living), 68 (2 living on Trilia) 71 (i living), 72 (i with eggs), 78 (i on Anachis shell), 79 (on Liitorina), 80 (many shells), 81 (i), 82 (i living), 83 (i living), 93 (i living), 94, 95, 98, 104, 107 (i shell), 109, 122 (i living), 126 (i living), 130 (i shell), 134, 136, 138, 140 (few shells), 145 (few living), 147 (2 living), 150(1 shell), 152 (i living), 154 (several shells), 157, 158 (2), 163 (i small living), 164 (several living), 165 (several living and shells), 166 (i shell), 167 (i living). Breeds from July i to September i ; males smaller than females and motile. Conklin. "A de pressed variety (glauca) is found, chiefly on broad and nearly flat surfaces." Verrill. Crepidula plana Say. [Chart 185.] Gould, 1870, p. 272; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 650, 355, etc. (Crepidula plana and Crepidula unguiformis); Ball, 1889, p. 152; Conklin, 1897, p. 12; Thompson, 1899, p. 582. Abundant and of general distribution throughout the shallower and deeper waters of the region. Distribution coextensive with that of the hosts. Most frequently found inside shells occupied by hermit crabs; small specimens (perhaps a "dwarf variety" Conklin) being associated with Pagurus longicarpus, larger ones with P. pollicaris and P. acadianus; also occurring on the outside of oysters, on Limulus and in other places. Dredged by the Survey in 2 to 25 fathoms, on every variety of bottom. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few shells), 7521 bis (few shells), 7523 (few shells), 7523 bis, 7524 (few shells), 7525 (few shells), 7525 bis, 7526 (several), 7527 (i), 7530 (few), 7530 bis (few living), 7531 (few), 7532 (few), 7534 (many in Crepidula plana Continued. Polynices shells, i in Littorina shell), 7537 (many), 7538 (many), 7540 (i in Ilyanassa shell), 7541 (few shells), 7541 bis (few shells), 7542 (many), 7543, 7543 bis (many living), 7544 (few), 7545 bis (i small), 7546 bis (living), 7547 (few shells), 7547 bis (living), 7548 (fejv shells), 7549 (few shells), 7549 bis (many living in Polynices heros shells), 7550 (many), 7551 (many in Polynices shells), 7551 bis (few living and shells), 7552 (few shells), 7552 bis (few shells), 7554 (many small in Polynices shells), 7556 (few in Polynices), 7556 bis (numerous shells), 7557 (many in and on shellsof Polynices heros and P. duplicata), 7558 (few shells), 7559 (many in and on shells of P. heros and P. duplicata), 7561 (many in and on shellsof P. heros and P. dupli cata), 7563 (many: some on the outside of shells), 7563 bis (few shells), 7564 (several; some on the outside of shells), 7564 bis (living and shells), 7565 (i shell), 7565 bis (several shells), 7566 (few shells), 7567 (few shells), 7568 (few shells), 7569 (few shells), 7570, 7571 (i shell), 7572 (few shells), 7574 (few), 7576 (in Poly nices shells), 7577 (few), 7578 (many living in Polynices shells), 7579 (many living in Polynices shells), 7581 (i), 7582 (several), 7583 (few shells), 7584 (few), 7585 (few shells), 7587 (i shell), 7592 (many in Poly nices shells), 7595 (few), 7597 (few shells), 7598 (few shells), 7602 (i shell), 7609 (in Poly nices shells), 7612 (i small), 7613 (i shell), 7614 (few shells), 7615 (few shells), 7617 (many living), 7620 (few shells), 7621 (many living and shells), 7624 (few shells), 7625 (few shells), 7626 (few shells), 7627 (few shells), 7628 (many shells), 7629 (few shells), 7630 (many small shells), 7631 (common living), 7632 (many living and shells), 7633 (few), 7634 (several), 7635 (many shells), 7636 (i living), 7638 (sev eral living), 7639 (few shells), 7640 (few living), 7641 (few living), 7643 (i shell), 7644 (few shells), 7645 (i shell), 7647 (i shell), 7648 (many living and shells), 7651 (few shells), 7652 (few), 7653, 7655 (i shell), 7656 (few shells), 7657 (few shells), 7658, 7659 (few shells), 7660 (many living), 7661 (many living and shells), 7663 (many shells), 7664 (many living), 7665 (several living), 7668 (few shells), 7672 (sev eral living and shells), 7674 (few shells), 7675 (few shells), 7676 (living in Polynices shells), 7677 (living in Polynices shells), 7678 (many liv ing in Polynices, also shells), 7679 (living and many shells), 7680 (very abundant), 7681 (liv ing abundant), 7683 (few living), 7695 (i shell), 724 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Crepidula plana Continued. 7697 (many shells), 7698 (many living), 7699 (many living), 7700 (many living), 7701 (many living), 7701 (many living), 7702 (many liv ing), 7703 (living abundant), 7706 (many liv ing), 7707 (many living), 7708 (few shells), 7709 (few living), 7717 (few living and shells), 7718 (few living and shells), 7719 (many living and shells), 7720 (many living), 7722 (few living and shells), 7724 (several living), 7725 (few living), 7726 (i living, i shell), 7727 (i shell), 7728 (few living), 7731 (few living and shells), 7732 (few living and shells), 7733 (few living), 7734 (many living and shells), 7735 (few liv ing), 7736 (few living and shells), 7738 (2 shells), 7739 (few living and shells), 7740 (few living and shells), 7741 (few living and shells), 7744 (few shells), 7749 (few shells), 7750 (i shell), 7753 (few living), 7757 (few shells), 7758 (few shells), 7759 (few living and shells), 7760 (few living), 7761 (many living and shells), 7762 (many living and shells), 7764 (few living) 7765 (i living), 7766 (few living), 7767 (few living), 7768 (few living), 7769 (few living), 7772 (few living), 7773 (few living), 7774 (few living), 7775 (several shells), 7776 (few living), 7777 (few living), 7778 (few living), 7780 (few living), 7781 (few living), 7783 (few living and shells). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (many), 3 (few), 5 (many living), 6 (few shells), 7 (many), 8 (few), 9 (few), 10 (few), u (few), 12 (i), 13, 15 (common), 16 (few living), 17 (many on Polynices heros), 18 (several on P. heros and Littorina), 19 (several living), 20 (few), 22 (few), 25 (few shells), 27 (i shell), 28 (few), 29 (i), 30 (few), 32 (i shell), 34 (several shells), 36 (i fragment), 37 (few small shells), 38 (i shell), 40 (few shells), 41 (few shells), 42 (few shells), 43 (shells), 50 (r inside Littorina shell), 52 (many living), 53 (many living), 59 (common), 60 (few shells and living), 61 (several shells), 62 (i liv ing), 64 (many living on P. heros), 65 (many shells), 68 (many in P. heros shells), 69 (few)> 70 (many), 71 (shells abundant), 72 (several liv ing), 73 (few living and shells), 74 (few shells), 76 (few living and shells), 77 (few living), 79 (i small), 80 (several), 81 (few shells), 82 (i shell), 83 (few), 84 (many shells), 86, 88 (i shell), 89, 93 (few living and shells), 94, 96, 97, 98, 100, 103, 105 (shells), 107 (few living and shells), 108, 109, no, in (i living), 113, 114 (few shells), 115 (few living and shells), 117, Crepidula plana Continued. 118 (few living and shells), 120 (shells), 121 (several shells), 122 (several), 123 (few), 126 (shells common), 129 (living), 130 (common), 13 1 (few living), 132 (living andshells common), 135, 136 (many), 137 (few shells), 138, 139 (common), 140, 141 (few living and shells), 142 (few shells), 144 (common), 145 (living and shells common), 147 (several living and shells), 150, 151, 152 (few shells), 155 (i shell), 158 (shells), 161 (i shell), 163 (several shells), 164 (several shells), 165 (many living and shells), 1 66 (several living), 167 (few shells). Eggs from July i to September. Conklin. Early cleavage stages found as late as Septem ber 19. M. T. Thompson. Family NATICJD^. Natica pusilla Say. a Gould, 1870, p. 344; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 647, 417, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 154. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay . . . com mon in 2 to 10 fathoms." Verrill. Chiefly recorded from inshore stations of Buzzards Bay. Survey. Dredged in 2 to 7 fathoms (in one case 17 fathoms), on quite various bottoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7550 bis*, 7563 bis*, 7611*. 7633 (?). 7634 (?). 7777*: likewise at a 1907 repetition of 7624*. Phalarope stations: 71*, 100*, 101*, 109*, 122*, 129*, 131 (?), 133 (?), 136 (?), 138 (?), 140 (?), 145 (?), 147 (? several), 148 (? 2), 152 (? 2), 153 (? i living), 154*, 156*, 159*. Natica clausa Broderip & Sowerby. Gould, 1870, p. 342 (not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 647. "One small dead specimen . . . dredged . . . in 19 fathoms, off Gay Head"; no record of living specimens south of Cape Cod. Verrill. Polynices duplicata (Say). [Chart 186.] Gould, 1870, p. 345 (Neverita duplicata); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 646, 354, etc. (Neverita duplicata); Dall, 1889, p. 154 (Neverita dupli cata). Fairly abundant and of general distribution both in Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, from low- water mark down. Living specimens occasionally dredged at 2 to 8 fathoms; shells much more common and occurring at all depths, being frequently occupied by hermit crabs. Verrill s statement that this species is "generally much more abundant [than P. <* Owing to a confusion which was at first made between this species and certain other small Naticida:, some of the records here given are not wholly trustworthy. Specimens from the starred stations, on the other hand, were referred to Messrs. Dall and Bartsch. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 725 Polynices duplicata Continued. heros], except on the outer beaches, " certainly does not apply at present to the greater part of Vineyard Sound. It is perhaps true, however, of the shallower waters skirting shore . Of eight living specimens of this genus collected at scattered points in the immediate vicinity of Woods Hole by Mr. Pope and assistants during June and July, 1911, all proved to be P. duplicata. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (i very small shell), 7541 bis (i shell), 7542 (2 shells), 7543 (i liv ing), 7554 (few shells), 7559 (few shells), 7561 (i), 7563 (i shell), 7576 (i shell), 7577 (? i), 7585 (i shell), 7588 (i shell), 7602 (2 shells), 7613 (i shell), 7615 (several shells and living), 7617 (2), 7620 (i shell), 7622 (few shells), 7626 (i), 7627 (few), 7630 (few shells), 7632 (several), 7634 (i shell), 7637 (i shell), 7638 (few shells and i living), 7639 (i shell), 7644 (fragments), 7648 (i shell), 7653 (2), 7654 (i shell), 7657 (i shell), 7659 (i shell), 7661 (several shells), 7675 (i fragment), 7719 (i shell), 7740 (several shells), 7753 (i shell), 7762 (several shells), 7766 (few shells), 7767 (several shells), 7769 (several shells), 7770 (i shell), 7773 (i shell), 7778 (several large shells), 7781 (i small shell), 7783(1 shell). Phalarope stations: 19 (4), 28 (i), 52 (few, i liv ing). 53 ( r shell), 59 (i), 60 (i small shell), 63 (i), 66, 71 (i shell), 73 (r shell), 76 (i shell), 79 (i shell), 81, 82 (i shell), 84 (i shell), 89, 90, 91, 95, 96, 97, 100 (shell), 101, 103, 109 (i shell), 113, 116, 118 (i young shell), 122 (few shells), 129 (i living), 130 (few small shells), 131 (i liv ing), 132, 135 (2 small), 138 (i), 140 (2 small), 143 (i shell), 144 (i living), 146 (i living), 148 (i), 149 (i), 151 (i small), 154 (i living), 155 (fragments), 160 (i shell), 165 (i shell), 166 (i shell). The egg cases of this species constitute "sand collars" similar to those of P. heros. Mr. T. E. B. Pope finds some evidence that more than one collar may be formed in a season. Eggs which were deposited in the laboratory were observed to hatch in a period of about two weeks. Polynices heros (Say). [Chart 187.] Gould, 1870, p. 338 (Lunaiia heros); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 646, 353, etc. (Lunaiia heros); Dall, 1889, p. 154 (Lunaiia heros). Abundant and of general distribution through out Vineyard Sound; far less frequent in Buz- Polynices heros Continued. zards Bay, though not uncommon at the in shore stations; living specimens not infre quently dredged in 3 to 17 fathoms, predomi nantly on bottoms free from mud; shells of much more general occurrence, these being very frequently inhabited by hermit crabs (Pagurus pollicaris and P. acadianus). Sur vey. This mollusk is common likewise in the shallow waters along shore, and its shells are familiar objects upon the beaches everywhere. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (2 shells), 7521 bis (i shell), 7524 (about 10 shells), 7525 (few) , 7530 (2 shells), 753obis (i), 7531 (i shell) , 7533 (frag ment) , 7534(several shells) , 7535 (fewshells) , 7536 (2 small shells), 7536 bis (several living), 7537 (several shells), 7537 bis (i shell), 7538 (several shells) , 7539 (fragment) , 7541 (several shells) , 7542 (many shells) , 7543 (many shells), 7543 bis (several), 7544 (many shells), 7546 bis (several shells), 7547 bis (several shells), 7549 bis (several shells), 7550 (r living, and shells) , 7551 (few shells), 7552 (few shells) , 7553 (i small shell) , 7554 (several large and many small), 7554 bis, 7556 (few shells) , 7557 (few large and small), 7558 (many shells) , 7559 (sev- eralshells), 7 560 (several shells) , 7561 (many) , 7562 (several shells) , 7563 (many shells) , 7564 (i), 7s6 4 bis(2 shells), 7565 (few) , 7566 (i shell) 7567 (2), 7568 (several), 7569 (few small shells) , 7570 (2 shells) , 7572 (few shells) , 7574 (few shells), 7578 (3 living, several shells) , 7579 (few shells) , 7 580 (several shells) , 7 58 1 ( i shell) , 7582 W> 7583 (i small shell) , 7 584 (few shells), 7590 (2 shells) , 7591 (i living, i shell) , 7592 (many shells) , 7593 (i young) , 7594 (several shells) , 7595 (living and shells) , 7598 (few small shells and i living) , 7599 (many large living), 7601 (i small shell) , 7602 (many shells) , 7607 (2 living, 2 shells) , 7633 (?), 7634 (?), 763? (i shell), 7638 (i), 7645 (i shell ?), 7650 (? i living), 7664 (i), 7667 (i living), 7675 (i shell), 7676 (i), 7678 (many shells, mostly large, and i living), 7679 (living and large shells), 7680 (many large shells), 7681 (many shells), 7682 (several shells), 7683 (i fragment), 7692 (i fragment), 7698 (i living and few shells), 7699 (several shells), 7700 (i living, several shells), 7701 (i living, several shells), 7702 (many large shells), 7703 (many shells), 7704 (i living), 7706 (several liv ing and shells), 7707 (many shells), 7708 (many shells), 7709 (many shells), 7710 (i shell), 7717 (2), 7718 (several shells), 7719 (many shells), a During the summer of 1903 (Fish Hawk stations 7521 to 7607) the distinction was not always made in the field records between small shells of Polynices heros and those of P. triseriala. It is likely, therefore, that certain of the foregoing records refer in part to the latter species. The symbol denotes those cases in which such ambiguity is believed to be possible. 726 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Polynices hcros Continued. 7720 (few shells), 7722 (i large shell), 7725 (i shell), 7726 (many shells), 7727 (2), 7730 (sev eral), 7731 (few shells), 7732 (2 shells), 7733 (2 shells), 7734 (many living and shells), 7735 (i shell), 7736 (several shells), 7739 (several shells), 7740 (i living and few shells), 7741 (few shells), 7745 (i small fragment), 7757 (i large shell), 7759 (i shell), 7760 (few), 7761 (few shells), 7762 (few shells), 7766 (few shells), 7767 (2 shells), 7769 (i large shell), 7772 (sev eral shells), 7773 (i shell), 7774 (2 large shells), 7777 (several shells), 7778 (few shells), 7780 (several shells), 7783 (several shells). Phalarope stations: 3 (i shell), 5 (i large shell), 7 (few shells), 8 (i), 9 (i fragment), 10 (i frag ment), ii (i fragment), 13 (i fragment), 15 (i shell), 17 (i shell), 18 (2 shells), 25 (i shell), 30 (i shell), 52 (few shells)*, 53 (few shells), 57*, 59 (shells common), 60 (i shell), 61 (several shells), 64 (i shell), 65 (few shells), 66 (few shells), 68 (few shells), 71 (several living and shells), 74 (2 shells*, i living), 76 (several shells), 77 (i), 96*, 102 (i shell), in*, 117 (i shell), 118 (i shell), 122 (i shell), 131, 140 (i shell), 158 (i shell). The "sand collars" of this and the preceding species are cast up on the beaches throughout the summer. They are likewise frequently dredged in Vineyard Sound. This and the preceding species feed upon various mollusks, whose shells they perforate by means of the lingual ribbon. Polynices triseriata (Say). [Chart 188.] Could, 1870, p. 340 (Lunatia triseriata); Verrill, 1872, p. 282 (Lunatia heros, var. triseriata); Ver rill and Smith, 1873, p. 646, 354, etc. (Luna tia heros, var. triseriata) , Dall, 1889, p. 154 (Lunatia heros, var. triseriata. Dr. Dall no\v regards this as a true species). Abundant and of pretty general distribution, both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; far commoner in the latter than P. heros, but somewhat less frequent in the former. Sur vey. Living specimens dredged in i to 12 fathoms, on various bottoms, including muddy ones; shells widely distributed by hermit crabs. Verrill s statement that this " variety " "is the more common form in the deeper waters" (i. e. commoner than P. heros) does not hold for the region dredged. Polynices triseriata Continued. Fish Hawk stations:" 7521 bis, 7523 bis (i), 75 2 S bis (i shell), 7532 bis (i living), 753 6 bis (* shell), 7537 bis (2 shells), 7541 bis (i shell), 7545 bis (i living), 7546 bis (few shells), 7549 bis (i shell), 7553 bis (i shell), 7554 bis (living and i shell), 755? W. 75 6 3 (3). 75^4 bis (i small shell), 7567 bis, 7574 (i). 75?6 (i shell), 7584 (i), 7585 (i). 7586 (few), 7604 (i small), 7608 (?), 7614 (several living), 7616 (few shells), 7617 (few shells), 7620 (i living), 7630 (few liv ing and shells), 7633 ( ?), 7638 (few shells), 7640 (i shell), 7643 (few shells), 7644 (few living and shells), 7645 (few shells), 7648 (i shell), 7650 (i living), 7652 (i), 7654 (i shell), 7657 (few shells), 7660 (several shells), 7661 (sev eral shells), 7662 (several shells), 7663 (few shells), 7664 (i living), 7665 (i shell and i liv ing), 7666 (i shell), 7668 (fragment), 7669 (i shell), 7671 (several shells), 7672 (several living and shells), 7673 (few shells), 7674 (i much- worn shell), 7675 (few shells), 7677, 7678 (sev eral shells), 7679 (i shell), 7680 (i shell), 7681 (few shells), 7685 (i small living), 7687 (2 living and shells), 7688 (fragments), 7702 (i shell), 7706 (i shell), 7707 (2 shells), 7718 (i shell), 7719 (few shells), 7720 (i small shell), 7722 (several shells), 7724 (3 living), 7728 (i small living), 7729 (i steall living), 7731 (few shells), 7732 (several shells), 7740 (i shell), 7744 (frag ments and i shell), 7751 (i shell), 7759 (i shell), 7766 (2 shells), 7780 (i shell). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 5 (i shell), 6 (several shells and living), 7 (several shells), ii (2), 15 (2), 19 (living abundant), 20 (few), 22 (few shells), 23 (few), 28 (several), 30 (i), 32 (i), 33 (i shell), 35 (i shell), 36 (i shell), 48 (i), 49 (shells), 51 (few living), 52 (several living and shells), 53 (i living), 56 (few living), 57 (few shells), 58, 59 (shells common), 60 (liv ing and few shells), 62 (i living and shells), 64 (several shells), 65 (several shells), 66, 67 (few shells), 68 (i living, few shells), 73(1), 74 (few living and shells), 76 (few living and shells), 77 (i shell), 78 (few), 79 (2 shells), So (i shell), 81 (few), 83 (living and shells common), 89, 91, 92 (shells), 100 (living), 101, 102, 104, 106, 108, no, in (many living and shells), 112, 113, 114 (few living and shells), 115 (few shells), 117 (i shell), 118 (i living and i shell), 122 (sev eral shells), 123 (living and shells common), 128 (i shell), 132 (i shell), 136, 140 (few shells), 162 (i shell), 163 (i shell). <* See note under Polynices heros. Certain records for the latter perhaps apply to the present species. The converse is not believed to be true. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 727 Polynices immaculate (Totten). Gould, 1870, p. 344 (Mamma ? immaculate); Ver- rill and Smith, 1873, p. 646, 508 (Lunatia im- maculata); Dall, 1889, p. 154 (Lunatia immacu- lata). Newport. Totten, cited by Gould. "Off Mar thas Vineyard, 2ofathoms"; a northern shell. Verrill. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk sta tion 7549 (i small shell)*. South arm of West Falmouth Harbor* (collected by L. J. Cole). IPolynices nana (Moller). Verrill, 18820, p. 516 (Lunatia nana). South of Marthas Vineyard and Block Island; 22 to 29 fathoms, 1880 and 1881. Polynices sp. (undetermined). Fish Hawk stations: 7568, 7586, 7604, 7608, 7609, 7614, 7701, 7730, 7732, 7767, 7776. Phalarope stations: 52, 57, 64, 65, 68, in, 165 (i fragment), 167 (i fragment). Some of these specimens were identified in the field as P. immaculata, but the identification now seems doubtful. Polynices sp. (egg cases). Fish Hawk stations: 7534 (i), 7550 (few), 7563 (few), 7567 (i), 7578 (i), 7590 (fragments), 7591 (fragments), 7596 (i), 7609 (fragment), 7615 (fragment), 7709 (i), 7717 (i), 7740 (i). Phalarope stations: i (i), 28 (i), 29 (i), 30 (i). Family Veluiina Itzvigata Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 334 (Veluiina haliotoidea; not listed for this region). Crab Ledge, August, 1902, 15 to 17 fathoms*; Fish Hawk station 7609 (also at Crab Ledge), i living*. Veluiina zonala Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 335 (not listed for this region). Fish Hawk stations 7608* and 7609* (both at Crab Ledge); in each case, i living. Family Acmcza testudinalis (Linnaeus). Limpet. Gould, 1870, p. 267 (Tectura testudinalis), p. 269 (Tectura alveus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 661, 307, etc.; Dall, 1889, p. 156. "Marthas Vineyard, Cuttyhunk, and adjacent islands;" "comparatively rare and local south of Cape Cod." Verrill. Common at the end of Nobska Point, on rocks, below low-tide level. Recorded from Devils Foot Island, Tarpaulin Cove, and Round Hill Point. Dredged by the Survey at a few inshore sta tions, both in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in 3 to 5 fathoms. These were all or nearly all dead shells. Fish Hawk station 7536 (i shell); Phalarope sta tions: 71 (several), 79 (i shell), 91, 132 (i shell). Verrill states that "a peculiar narrow form of this shell, (var. alveus) . . . lives on the leaves of eelgrass." We are informed by Dr. Dall that recent anatomical studies indicate that A. alveus is a good species. Family TROCHID.S:. Margarita obscurus Gould. Gould, 1870, p. 283 (Margarita obscura; not listed for this region); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 661, 508 (Margarita obscura) , Dall, 1889, p. 164 (Solariella obscura). " Off Marthas Vineyard, 20 to 25 fathoms. " Ver rill. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk station 7607*. Survey . Margarites undulatus (Sowerby). Crab Ledge, August 19, 1902, in 17 fathoms, living*. Margarites sp. (undetermined). Fish Hawk station 7609 (Crab Ledge). Class CEPHALOPODA. Family SpiRUUD.fi. Spirilla peronii Lamarck. Stimpson, 1851, p. 57; Gould, 1870, p. 516 (Spi- rulafragilis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 636; Dall, 1889, p. 174. Shells washed ashore at Nantucket. Stimpson, Gould, Verrill. One found by R. L. Baird at Muskeget in 1904; another by F. B. Sumner at No Mans Land in 1904. Family LOLIGINID^E. Loligo pcalii Lesueur. Common squid (south of Cape Cod); long-finned squid. [Chart 189.] Gould, 1870, p. 513 (Loligo punctata), p. 514 (Loligo pealii); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 635, 416, etc.; Verrill, 1881, p. 308; 1882, p. 342; Bumpus, 18983. Distribution general throughout the region from April or May till November, disappearing 728 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Loligo pealii Continued. during the winter. a Taken in great numbers in the local fish traps; likewise at Menemsha Bight, where barrels of them are sometimes caught. Dredged in all parts of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, though such speci mens were not necessarily caught at or even near the bottom. Eggs, however, were taken during the Survey dredging as deep as 15 fathoms, and it is therefore certain that the animal frequents depths as great as this. In deed, Verrill states that it descends to 50 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (2), 7530 (6 small), 7542 (few small), 7543 bis (i), 7347 bis (2), 7554 (2 small), 7570 (2 large, i small), 7571 (few), 7576 (2 small), 7578 (i large), 7579 (many), 7580 (2), 7581 (few small), 7582 (i small), 7583 (sev eral small), 7584(fewsmall), 7586 (2small),7589 (few small), 7590 (few small), 7591 (several, i large), 7592 (few small), 7599 (i large), 7600 (2 large), 7612 (2), 7613 (2 large, many small), 7614 (i large and several small), 7615 (several small), 7618 (several small), 7619 (2), 7622 (i small), 7627 (2 small), 7637 (i very small), 7641 (i), 7643 (several small), 7644 (few small), 7653 (i small), 7656 (young), 7657 (few small), 7660 (few), 7662 (i adult), 7675 (i small), 7678 (sev eral small), 7680 (i small), 7681 (2), 7683 (i), 7685 (several, mostly small), 7686 (several medium sized), 7687 (several medium sized), 7688 (4), 7704 (i small), 7708 (i medium), 7710 (2 small), 7724 (several), 7725 (i small), 7726 (several small), 7727 (2 small), 7729 (few small) 773. 7734 (3). 7735 ( 2 ). 7737 (2 small), 7739 (i medium sized), 7740 (few large and medium sized), 7749 (many), 7753 (i), 7754 (several large and small), 7756 (i), 7772 (i large, i small), 7775 (i), 7776 (2 large), 7778 (i small), 7780 (several), 7783 (several). Clusters of eggs were dredged at the following stations: Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis (i), 7524 (i), 7524 bis (i), 7525 bis (several), 7537 bis (i), 7543 bis (i), 7544 (i), 7548 (i), 7553 (i), Loligo pealii Continued. 7554 (i), 7557 (i), 75&I (i,, 7593 (i). 7 2 4 (2), 7638 (several), 7656, 7671 (2), 7762 (2). Phalarope stations: 2, 8, 9 (i), 52 (i), 76 (i). The eggs are taken throughout the summer. Dr. Bumpus reports that they have been deposited in the laboratory in May, while Verrill states that the spawning occurs as late as September. Eggs were dredged by the Survey from July 6 to August 30, at depths of from 4 to 15 fathoms, on every sort of bottom, chiefly in Vineyard Sound. They are also found in fish traps, often in considerable numbers. The young are frequently abundant at the surface during the summer. The squid is important as a food for many fishes. It is used extensively as bait by line fisher men, but its value as a food for man is not yet realized in this country. Ommaslrephes illecebrosa Verrill. Short-firmed squid; "soft squid;" the common squid north of Cape Cod. Gould, 1870, p. 510 (Ommastrephes sagittatus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 634, 441, etc.; Ver rill, 1880, p. 289; 1881, p. 268; 1882, p. 293- 309, 412. Distribution general, though this species is far less common than Loligo. Recorded by Ver- rill for Newport, Gay Head, and Vineyard Sound. Taken by trap fishermen at Menem sha and in the laboratory trap in Buzzards Bay. For an interesting account of the habits of this species, see Verrill, 1882, p. 305 et. seq. Family PHILONEXID^. Parasira catenulata Steenstrup. Verrill, 1878, p. 210 (Octopus granulatus); 1880, p. 293; 1881, p. 362; 1882, p. 389. One specimen taken in Vineyard Sound in 1876 (collected by V. N. Edwards, identified by Verrill). Properly a Mediterranean and West Indian form. Balanoglossus aurantiacus (Girard). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 627, 351, etc.; Mor gan, 1891. Beach beyond Nobska Point; Newport. A. Agassiz. Naushon. Verrill. Hadley Harbor; Bay shore of Penzance. Morgan. Katama Bay; Tarpaulin Cove. (Collected by Dr. Os- Phylurn CHORDATA. Class ADELOCHORDA. Balanoglossus aurantiacus Continued. burn; identified with some doubt by Prof. Ritter as "Balanoglossus Kowalevskii A. Agas siz"). Balanoglossus occurs in beaches or flats of clear or muddy sand or gravel, into which it burrows rather deeply. Tornaria abundant in tow in August. Morgan. According: toMr. Edwards s records, the date of the earliest reported capture of squid in local waters has ranged, during the past 10 years (1900-1909), from April 16 to May 7. The mean of these dates is April 26. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 729 Class UROCHORDA (TUNICATA)." Family MOLGULID.E. Molgula arenata Stimpson.b [Chart 190.] Gould, 1870, p. 21; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 699, 419, etc. Region of Nantucket and Marthas Vineyard. Gould. "Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 5 to i-j fathoms, sand and gravel." Verrill. Western half of Vineyard Sound, fairly fre quent; Crab Ledge, at one station; not re corded for Buzzards Bay; dredged in 2 to 25 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones . Survey . Fish Hawk stations: 7532*, 7560 (abundant)*, 7561 (few), 7579, 7584 (2), 7596 (i), 7598 (i), 7609 (3 small)*, 7683*, 7702. Phalarope stations: 32, 33*, 37, 64 (several), 66 (many), 67 (i), in (i). ? Molgula citrina Alder & Hancock. Crab Ledge at Fish Hawk station 7606 (16 fath oms, gravel and stones), i specimen.* ? Molgula koreni Traustedt. Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk stations 7524* and 7563, 8 to 10 fathoms, gravel and stones. Molgula manhattensis (DeKay). [Chart 191.] Gould, 1870, p. 25 (Ascidia manhattensis; no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 699, 311, etc.; Bumpus, 18983; Bumpus, iSgSb; Met- calf, 1900. Abundant on piers at Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven, and New Bedford. Recorded also from Nobska Point, Menemsha Pond, Katama Bay (abundant on eelgrass), Wareham River, West Falrnouth Harbor, Round Hill Point. A very common species, with great diversity of habitat, being found in shallow waters near shore, as well as at considerable depths. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations throughout Buzzards Bay; in Vineyard Sound seldom found far from land. Taken in 2 to 15 fathoms, on every sort of bottom. Large clus ters composed of this species and Styela partita are sometimes encountered. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 bis, 7524 bis (few), 7554 bis*, 7564 bis*, 7612*, 7614, 7615 (several clus ters), 7616, 7619*, 7627 (several), 7653. Sup plementary stations (1909): 7648 (?), 7659 (?). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (several), 5*, 8, 9, 12, 13, 20, 21, 24 (i), 32 (few), 61*, 67 (i), 76, 83 (2), 85, 86, 87 (many), 100 (?), no, 117 (few), i2i (few), 130 (i), 134 (i), 145 (i). Eggs ripe during May and probably throughout the summer. Bumpus. ? Molgula pannosa Verrill. Verrill, 1871, p. 55. Off West Chop, at Fish Hawk station 7524*, i specimen doubtfully identified. Survey. Molgula papillosa Verrill. Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith,. 1873, p. 699, 495- "Off Marthas Vineyard, 10 fathoms, stony," occurring "sparingly." ? Molgula pcllucida Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 699, 426. No definite local records, though this region lies within the range of the species as given by Verrill. ? Molgula products Stimpson. Gould, 1870, p. 21 (no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 699, 502, etc. "Off Buzzards Bay, 25 fathoms;" this species " was dredged in some numbers on a bottom of fine sand, with some mud." (The foregoing record scarcely warrants the inclusion of this species in the fauna of the region.) Molgula sp. undetermined. Unidentified specimens referable to this genus were taken at Fish Hawk stations 7554, 7622, and 7686, and Phalarope station 160; also at 1909 repetitions of 7648 and 7671. Boslrichobranclius molguloides Metcalf. Metcalf, 1900, p. 583 (sp. nov.). " Collected by Vinal N. Edwards, from soft mud, at a depth of 9 fathoms, in Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole, Mass." A number of specimens taken. Eugyra pilularis Verrill. Verrill, 1872 (Molgula pilularis and Eugyra pilu laris); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 700, 509. "Off Gay Head . . . , 19 fathoms, soft mud," covering itself with a thick coating of fine sand or mud. Verrill. Eugyra glutinous (M6ller). c [Chart 190.] Dredged by the survey at a number of stations in vicinity of Cuttyhunk, both in the Sound and the Bay; 3 to 17 fathoms, sandy bottom. Fish Hawk stations: 7686 (?), 7687*, 7688 (?), 7689 (?). Phalarope stations: 30*, 99*, 101 (?), 102 (?), 103 (?) a Specimens from points designated by aa asterisk (*) were identified by Prof. \V. E. Hitter; those from points designated by a dasser (t) by Dr. W. G. Van Name. fc See note under Eugyra glut man s. c It iii not unlikely that some cf the specimens listed in the field as Molgula arenata likewise belong; here. "Externally these two species are very much alike. Identification, of preserved specimens is hardly possible without dissection." \V. E. Ritter. 730 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Cynthia earned (Agassiz). Gould, 1870, p. 25 (Ascidia earned; no local rec ords); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 701, 495. "Off Gay Head, 10 fathoms, stony." Verrill. Halocynthia echinata (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 18 (Cynthia echinata; no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 702, 495 Cynthia echinata). "Off Marthas Vineyard, 10 fathoms, stony, rare." Verrill. Off Sankaty Head, in 20 fathoms, 2 or more specimens*. Crab Ledge, at Fish Hawk stations 7605* (? i specimen) and 7606 (2 specimens); likewise one speci men found off Kopeecon Point at Phalarope station 66. Survey. Boltcnia sp. undetermined. Considerable numbers of a beautiful Boltenia have been dredged by the Survey and by vari ous other collectors at Crab Ledge, in 1 6 to 25 fathoms on bottomsof gravel and stones. Prof. Ritter has been unable to determine with cer tainty the identity of this species. In the notes which he has furnished us it is entered as "Boltenia ovifera (L.) ? Boltenia burkhardti Agassiz ? Fish Hawk stations: 7603 (5), 7604 (2), 7605, 7606 (i), 7607 (several large and small), 7608 (several large), 7609 (i small). Glandula arenicola Verrill. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 701, 502. " Dredged by Mr. Prudden , off Cutty hunk Island , in 1872." Verrill. Glandula sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 701, 502. Verrill records an undetermined species of this genus from "Vineyard Sound and off Marthas Vineyard, roto 20 fathoms, sand. " The speci mens were less than one-fifth of an inch in diameter; "the integument was densely cov ered by rather coarse and very firmly adherent grains of sand in several layers." Styela partita (Stimpson). [Chart 192.] Gould, 1870, p. 18 (Cynthia partita; no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 701, 311 (Cynthia partita); Bumpus, iSgSb, (Cynthia partita). Generally distributed throughout the eastern half of Vineyard Sound ; occasionally met with elsewhere in the Sound and in Buzzards Bay, where it appears to be confined to the inshore stations; dredged in 3 to 15 fathoms on bottoms Styela partita Continued. of sand, stones, and gravel. Survey. Large clusters of this species, sometimes associated with Molgula manhatlensis, Perophora viridis, Didemnum lutarium, and various hydroids, Bryozoa, and alga:, were not infrequently brought up in the dredge. It is common, also as a littoral species, being recorded from the stone wall of the local pier, Vineyard Haven and Edgartown, on piles, Nobska Point, and Katama Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (few), 7524 (sev eral)*, 7524 bis (few), 7525 bis (few), 7526 (3 very small)*, 7328 (i), 7530 (i), 7532 (i on Eudendrium), 7534 (i), 7534 bis*, 7536 (many), 7561 (several), 7742 (much)*, 7744 (few small), 7745 (few)*, 7746 (i), 7749 (i)- 775 (f ew ). 7751 (few), 7756 (i), 7763 (few), 7764 (few), 7765 (few), 7766 (few), 7767 (many)*, 7769*, 7770, 7774. Supplementary station (1909): 7659. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (many), 2 (few), 3 (few)*, 4 (i), 5 (i small), 6 (few), 7 (i), 8, 9, 22, 24 (many), 25, 32 (few), 46*, 63 (abundant), 69 (i), 77*, 116, 118 (i small), 121 (few), 134 (i), 141 (i), 146 (few). Supple mentary station (1909): 146. Styela sp. undetermined. A specimen believed by Dr. Ritter to belong to an undescribed species was taken in Vine yard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7539. Family Ascidia complanata Fabricius. A specimen thus identified by Prof. Ritter was taken at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7608). Ciona inlestinalis (Linnaeus). Gould, 1870, p. 24 (Ascidia tenella; no local rec ords); Verrill, 1872, p. 99 (Ciona tenella); Ver rill and Smith, 1873, p. 698, 419 (Ciona tenella); Verrill, iSSob, p. 251 (Ciona ocellata); Bumpus, 18983; Bumpus, 18 New Bedford. L. Agassiz. Abundant at New port. Verrill. Sometimes very common in Woods Hole Harbor upon suitable objects. On January 4, 1908, Mr. V. N. Edwards took great numbers from a " cod car anchored at the Bu reau of Fisheries pier* ; and it was present in equal abundance upon the "cars" throughout the summer of 1909. One or more specimens were collected by Dr. Osburn at Vineyard Haven, on piles July 3 1, 1906*. Mr. G.M.Gray reports the occurrence of this species in Little Harbor and in the Eel Pond. Ciona has not BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 73 i Ciona intestinalis Continued. been recorded during the survey dredging, though Yen-ill states that it occurs on dead shells, etc., at a depth of 20 fathoms. "Ripe" throughout May (Bumpus); in July (F. W. Bancroft). Eggs were fertilized throughout September, and as late as the 3d of October, 1909, by Prof. T. H. Morgan. Family BOTRYLLID.. Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas). Gould, 1870, p. 3 (no local records); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 702, 375 (Botryllus gouldii); Bumpus, iSgSb (Botrullus gouldii); Van Name, 1910, p. 350. Woods Hole Harbor, on Revenue wharf, Eel Pond, Waquoit Bay, Tarpaulin Cove, also on floating eelgrass in the open Sound. Very abundant locally, encrusting eelgrass, rock- weed , woodwork , and all sorts of objects in shal low water. Occasionally brought up in the dredge, when coming from depths of 3 to 10 fathoms, though such specimens may have actually been taken near the surface, or may have been carried to the deeper waters by cur rents. Dredged near West Chop, at Penikese, and near Quisset. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7525 bis (small colpny on Zostera), 7751 (2 large colonies). Phalarope stations: 73 (on Zostera), 116, 131 (i colony). " Found breeding from the 6th to the end of July, and almost all the older colonies contained either large ova or embryos. Bumpus, citing F. W. Bancroft. The color of this species is extremely variable, so much so that Verrill distinguished nine dif ferent color varieties, though he did not make it clear whether or not these were intended as varieties in the taxonomic sense. Dr. Van Name informs us that Prof. Verrill himself attached very little importance to these "va rieties." Family PEROPHORID/E. Perophora uiridis Verrill. [Chart 193.] Verrill, 18713, p. 359 (sp. nov.); Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 702, 388; Bum- pus, iSQSb; Lefevre, 1898, p. 369; Van Name, 1911, p. 357. Little Harbor, Vineyard Haven, and Edgartown, on piles, abundant. Eastern half of Vineyard Perophora iiiridis Continued . Sound, common; not recorded from the west ern half; two records for Buzzards Bay; dredged at 4 to 15 fathoms, chiefly on gravelly or stony bottoms, where it often occurred in company with Styela partita and other ascid- ians. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (on Styela), 7525 bis, 7536 (abundant, attached to seaweed), 7537 (few), 7537 bis (i), 7538 bis (abundant), 7539, 7541 bis (few), 7548 (few clusters), 7553 bis (very many), 7742, 7744 (little), 7745 (i small bunch), 7746 (little), 7747 (much), 7748 (much), 7749 (much), 775r (few), 7754 (much), 7755 (much), 7756 (much), 7757 (much), 7763 (few colonies), 7765 (little), 7773 (much), 7774 (few), 7775 (little). Supplementary station (1909): 7672 (several large colonies). Phalarope stations: 62 (many), 63 (very abun dant), 69 (several masses), 73 abundant), 77 (few), 135 (abundant). Family DIDEMNID<. Didemnum lutarium Van Name. [Chart 194.] Verrill, 1872 (Leptoclinum albidum and L. lute cium); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 705, 706, 403, etc. (Verrill s local records for "Lepto clinum albidum" and "Leptoclinum luteolum" refer to Didemnum lutarium, which was con fused by him with the more northern species); Van Name, 1910, p. 371 (sp. nov.). Occurrence pretty general throughout Buzzards Bay and the eastern half of Vineyard Sound; in the western half of the Sound its occurrence seems to be limited to the inshore stations; Crab Ledge? ; dredged in i to 15 or more fathoms on all sorts of bottoms. Survey. Recorded also from wharves at Woods Hole, Vineyard Haven, and Edgartown, and from drifted material on Nobska Beach. A very common species, incrusting shells, stones, algae, sponges, and frequently other ascidians, such as Styela partita and Amaroucium. "South of Cape Cod (including also the south shore of the cape) it is the common, and in most places the only, species of the genus. Probably all the published records of L. albidum and L. luteolum Verrill from that part of thecoastrefertoit. . . . North of Cape Cod thisformis local and for the most part replaced by Tetradidem n u m albidum . Van Name . o From what we know of the Crab Ledge fauna it seems possible that the specimens from this point (stations 7604 to 7609) might have belonged to the northern species, Tetradidemnum albidum (Verrill). No material from these stations has been examined by Dr. Van Name. 732 BULLETIN Of THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Didemnum lutarium Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (abundant), 7522 bis (small patches), 7524 bis (few small), 7528 (many), 7533 bis (several patches), 7537 (few small patches), 7541 bis (little), 7565 bis (i small mass), 7572 (small mass), 7587 (i small mass), 7604 (i small piece), 7605, 7606, 7607 (covering stones and Modiolus shells), 7608 (common), 7609 (2 patches), 7612 (i small patch), 7613 (few masses)t, 7620 (i mass), 7625 (several masses), 7626 (several masses), 7627 (several patches), 7629 (few masses), 7632 (i patch), 7633, 7634 (few masses), 7639 (i mass), 7644 (small mass), 7659 (i large mass), 7742 (little)t, 7746 (little), 7749 (much), 7751 (lit tle), 7752 (little), 7753 (much), 7754 (little), 7755 (several colonies) 7757 (much), 7759 (very much), 7760 (much), 7763 (much), 7765 (much), 7766 (little), 7768 (much), 7769 (lit tle), 7772 (little), 7773 (little), 7774 (little), 7775 (much), 7777 (much), 7778 (much), 7780 (much), 7781 (little), 7782 (very little), 7783 (very little). Supplementary stations (1909): 7627, 7629, 7634, 7636, 7643, 7648, 7657, 7659, 7672. Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few small masses), 2 (small piece), 5 (many patches), 6 (i patch), 7 (few patches), 8 (i small colony), 9 (i), 10 (few crusts), n (i small colony), 12 (i small colony), 15 (i colony), 24 (i colony), 32 (small patch), 33 (few), 34 (few), 36 (i small mass), 45 (i patch), 51 (few), 56 (few), 58 (i colony), 64 (several masses), 69 (i), 74 (i large colony), 77 (common), 81 (several masses), 83 (several masses), 8 5, 86, 109, 112, 113, 115 (few), n6, 117 (common), 118 (common), 121 (com mon), 124 (few masses), 128 (common), 130 (quantities), 131 (common), 133 (i colony), 134 (many colonies), 135 (abundant), 136 (common), 137 (abundant), 141 (abundant), 142 (abundant), 144 (several), 145 (few), 148 (common), 149 (common). Supplementary stations (1909): 83, 131, 146. Family Aplidium pallidum (Verrill). Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 705, 496. (Amaras- cium pallidum); Van Name, 1910, p. 400. " Off Buzzards Bay, 25 fathoms, gravel;" "south of Gay Head, 10 fathoms, stony." Verrill. Vineyard Sound, near Cuttyhunk, at Fish Hawk station 76901 (9 fathoms,stony bottom). Survey. Amaroucium pellucidum (Leidy). [Chart 195.] Verrill, 1871, p. 290; Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 703, 401, etc. (Amaraecium pellucidum); Van Name, 1910, p. 404. Abundant throughout the eastern half of Vine yard Sound; in the western half confined to inshore stations; recorded but twice from Buzzards Bay; dredged in i to 17 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 (few colonies), 7521 bis (very abundant), 7522 (few colonies), 7524 (very abundant), 7525 (very abundant), 7525 bis (abundant), 7526 (few pieces), 7527 (abun dant), 7528 (very abundant), 7529 (i mass), 7531 bis (i colony), 7532 (great abundance), 7532 bis (many), 7533 bis (few), 7535 (abundant), 7536 bis (few), 7538 (very abundant), 7538 bis (very much), 7539 (numerous), 7540 (few), 7541 (abundant), 7541 bis (several colonies), 7542 bis (few), 7544 (abundant), 7544 bis (small fragments), 7546 (small piece), 7547 (many), 7550 bis (little), 7552 (few), 7553 (abundant), 7553 bis (much), 7554 bis (few colonies), 7558 (few masses), 7560 (few small pieces), 7563 (i piece), 7565 (i piece), 7565 bis (little), 7595 (i piece), 7645 (small mass), 7732 (few masses), 7737 (i large clump), 7738 (sev eral small clumps), 7739 (3 clumps), 7745 (very little), 7749 (much), 7750 (very much), 7751 (much), 7752 (very much), 7754 (much), 7755 (few), 7757 (i colony), 7759 (much), 7760 (much), 7764 (common), 7767 (much), 7768 (much), 7769 (little), 7782 (little). Supple mentary station (1909): 7672 (small colony). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 2 (abundant), 3 (abundant), 4 (few), 9 (several colonies), 10 (quantities), n (i colony), 12 (several pieces), 13 (2 colonies), 22 (i small colony), 25 (i small colony), 27 (i), 34, 37 (few), 38 (i mass), 44 (several pieces), 46, 47 (few small), 51 (few), 56 (few), 62 (abundant), 63 (abundant), 66 (few colonies), 69 (i mass), 74 (many), 75 (few colonies) . " This species exists in two very dissimilar forms, which have been considered distinct species (the typical A. pellucidum, and A. constella- lum Verrill), but which are in reality not even true subspecies, as is shown by some colonies which in one part have the typical pellucidum characters, while in the remainder of the colony the constellatum characters are equally well developed." Van Name. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 733 Amaroucium pelhicidumiorm constellatum (Verrill). [Chart 196.] Verrill, 18713, p. 359 (Amourouciumconstellatum, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1872 (Amouroucium constel latum); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 704, 388, etc. (Amarcecium constellatum); Bumpus, i&gSb (Amarcecium constellatum); Van Name, 1910, p. 406. Abundant and generally distributed in the east ern half of Vineyard Sound ; elsewhere in the Sound, and in Buzzards Bay, it is almost wholly confined to the inshore stations; dredged in i to 15 fathoms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. Survey. Likewise com mon on piles in Woods Hole Harbor, Vineyard Haven f and Edgartown.f Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (many clumps), 7S22f (several masses)", 7522 bis (several clumps), 7523 (several masses), 7523 bis (few masses), 7524 bis (i mass), 7526 (i small piece), 7527 (abundant), 7528 (many), 7530 (several masses), 7531 (3 small), 7532 (few), 7532 bis C 1 ). 753 6 bis (i small piece), 7537, 7538 (several pieces), 7539 (several masses), 7540 (few masses), 7544 (i clump), 7547 (few), 7549 bis (i small colony), 7553 bis (few colonies), 7557 (few small pieces)f, 7588 (2 pieces), 7595 (few pieces), 7619 (2 masses), 7645 (i small colony), 7737 (i large clump), 7738 (several colonies), 7739 (little), 7740 (little), 7746 (little), 7748 (little)t, 7749 (much), 7750 (much), 7751 (much), 7752 (common), 7754 (much), 7758 (little), 7759 (little), 7760 (little), 7761 (little), 7763 (much)t, 7764 (little), 7765 (little), 7766 (very little), 7767 (little)t, 7768 (much), 7769 (little), 7770 (i small piece), 7772 (very little), 7773 (little), 7775 (little), 7777 (little), 7781 (little). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: i (few pieces) 2 (few), 3 (few), 9 (i colony), 10 (2 colonies), n (common), 12 (several pieces), 14 (i colony), 22 (few), 24 (i colony), 25 (few), 30 (i mass), 32 (few pieces)?, 34 (few), 44 (scarce), 45 (many small), 46(fewsmall masses), 51 (few), 56(few), 57 (few), 58 (few), 62 (several), 63 (many), m (young colony), 112, 113 (small colony), 118 (few colonies), 121 (several), 130 (few), 131 (few), 135, 136 (few). Supplementary station (1909): 83 (? i mass). Found frequently to contain large ova and em bryos in July. F. W. Bancroft, cited by Bumpus. Amaroucium glabrum Verrill. Van Name, 1910, p. 410. Vineyard Sound, near Cuttyhunk, at Fish Hawk station 768gt (9 fathoms, sand, and stones). Certain other specimens were referred by Prof. Ritter to this species, but are assigned to A. pellucidum constellatum by Dr. Van Name. We have adopted the identifications of the latter authority in the case of the composite ascidians. Amaroucium stellatum Verrill. [Chart 197.] Verrill, 1871, p. 291 (Amouroucium stellatum, sp. nov.); Verrill, 1872; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 704, 402, etc. (Amarcecium stellatum); Bumpus, iSgSb (Amarcecium stellatum); Van Name, 1910, p. 416. Abundant and generally distributed throughout most of Vineyard Sound, though apparently wanting in the deeper parts at its western end; Crab Ledge, at several stations; not recorded from Buzzards Bay; dredged in 4^ to 17 fath oms, on bottoms of sand, gravel, and stones. Survey. This species does not appear to occur in such shallow waters as the preceding, though the two are frequently taken together at mod erate depths. They both form extensive col onies, which commonly are readily distin guishable from one another by their general appearance. A. stellatum has been collected by V. N. Edwards in shallow water at Sheep Pen Cove, though such specimens had perhaps drifted in from deeper waters. It is frequent in drifted material on Nobska Beach. Living specimens have been taken in January by both Mr. Edwards and Mr. Gray. Fish Hawk stations: 7523 (several masses), 7525 bis (many masses), 7526 (few small pieces), 7527 (abundant), 7528 (many), 7530 (several masses), 7531 bist, 7532 (few), 7532 bis (many), 7535 ( few ). 7537 (several pieces), 7538 (many masses), 7539 (few masses), 7541 (few masses), 7541 bis (few), 7542 (many long and rope-like masses), 7542 bis (several living colonies), 7543 (2 pieces), 7543 bis (several masses), 7544 (sev eral pieces), 7545 (few small pieces), 7547 (few pieces), 7548 (many pieces), 7550 bis (?), 7551 (i piece)f, 7552 (few pieces), 7553 (few pieces), 7554 (several pieces), 7554 bis (numerous col onies), 7556 (i ropy mass), 7558 (many masses), 7560 (several pieces), 7561 (few masses), 7579 (3 large pieces), 7580 (i mass), 7594 (r large piece), 7603 (few small)*, 7605, 7606 (few), a Specimens f rota stations 7522 and 7557 were identified as A. glubrum by Prof. Ritter. in the first case doubtfully. Dr. Van Name, after examining the same specimens, dissents from these determinations. In the present report we have consistently followed Dr. Van Name s identifications for all the composite ascidians submitted to him. 734 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Amaroucium stellatuin Continued. 7724 (several clumps)f, 7725 (little), 7729, 7730, 7731 (little), 7732 (little), 7733 (little), 7734 (i mass), 7740 (little), 7742, 7744 (little)t, 7745 (little)f, 7753 (i mass), 7755 (i mass), 7780 (2 colonies), 7782 (little), 7783 (little). Phalarope stations: 2 (large masses), 3 (few), 15 (few colonies), 63 (3), 74 (several), 76 (very abundant), 77 (few). Amaroucium sp. A species which Dr. Ritter believes to be unde- scribed was dredged at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk stations 7605, 7606, 7608, and 7609) in 16 to 25 fathoms. Family DOLIOLID^E. Doliolum sp. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 707, 446; Bumpus, Vineyard Sound. A. Agassiz, cited by Verrill. Often taken near Gay Head. Bumpus. Family SALPID^E. Salpa democratica-mucronata Forskal. Gould, 1870, p. 6 (Salpa caboti) , Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 706, 445, etc. (Salpa caboti). Quite common in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Gould. "Found in wonderful abun dance on September 8, off Gay Head and throughout the outer parts of Vineyard Sound, and on several other occasions were nearly as Salpa democratica-mucronata Continued . abundant. " Verrill. The latter author speaks of these animals (locality not stated) as "at times completely filling the water for miles in every direction, from the surface to the depth of several fathoms, and ... so crowded that a bucket of water dipped up at random will often contain several quarts of Salpiz." Verrill mentions a variety cyanea, taken in "Vineyard Sound, especially off Gay Head, in September." Salpa zonaria-cordiformis (Pallas). A specimen, thus identified by Prof. Ritter, was taken in the dredge (probably near surface) off Gay Head at Fish Hawk station 7718. Other specimens taken at the surface in the vicinity of Woods Hole (date unrecorded) have likewise been referred to this species by Prof. Ritter. Salp<z of this or some other spe cies are occasionally brought into the labora tory in considerable numbers. Family APPENDICULARIID/E. Appendicularia sp. sp. Verrill and Smith (1873, p. 707, 446, etc.) list two undetermined species, "a" and "b"; and Bumpus (i8g8b) reports the occurrence of a species of this genus which was abundant near Gay Head, on July 28." Class MARSIPOBRANCHII. Family MYXINID^E. Myxine glutinosa Linnsus. Hag-fish, slime eel. Jordan and Evcrmann, 1896, p. 7 ; Kendall, 1908, p. i (in neither work recorded south of Cape Cod). Crab Ledge, occasionally drawn up on codfish bait. V. N. Edwards. Family PSTROMYZONID^. Petromyzon marinus L.innzeus. Lamprey, lamprey eel. Baird, 1873, (Petromyzon americanus); Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 10; Petromyzon mariniu Continued. Bumpus, 18983, p. 58; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Ken dall, 1908, p. i. Buzzards Bay. Smith, Edwards. Vineyard Sound. Edwards. Taken in traps in May and June; not common, though reported to have been more so formerly. Nantucket, one specimen reported April, 1904. Sharp and Fowler. Known to spawn in Taunton River. Edwards. Eggs ripe latter part of May; breeds as late as June 17. Bumpus. Family GALEIMJ. Mustelus canis (Mitchill). Dogfish (locally called "smooth dogfish," to distinguish it from Squalus acanthias). Storer, 1867, p. 252; Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Class PISCES." Mustelus canis Continued. Evermann, 1896, p. 29; Bumpus, 851 (Galeus canis); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Thompson, 1899; Linton, 1901, p. 425; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Field, 1907, p. 10 et seq.; Kendall, 1908, p. 3. "Specimens from points designated by an asterisk (*) were identified by Dr. B. W. Evermann; those from points designated by a dagger (t), by Dr. R. C. Osburn; those from points designated by a double dagger (t). by Dr. F. B. Simmer. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 735 Mustelus canis Continued. Throughout the region, very abundant in shal lower waters, on all kinds of bottom. Taken in traps (sometimes 100 or more at once) and on lines; occasionally in the seine. Present from May to November, but most abundant in June. Females containing eggs and embryos taken throughout the summer. Bumpus believes that there are probably two broods, in June and August, respectively. Thompson reports the capture of three females containing 27 em bryos, 10 to ii cm. long as late as about Sep tember 25. Food: Homarus americanus, Libinia emarginata, Cancer irroratus. Verrill and Smith. Mostly crabs. H. M. Smith. Usually crabs (Pano- peus, Ovalipes, Cancer, Libinia, etc.), also squid, annelids, and fish. Linton. In order of frequency: Cancer irroratus, Libinia emar- ginata, Homarus americanus, fishes (men haden, puffer, scup, pipefish, sculpin, stickle back), Ovalipes ocellaius, Loligo pealii, Nereis (mostly N . Tiirens), eelgrass (Zostera marina), Pagurus pollicaris, Ensis directus, Upogebia affinis, Panopeus depressus, Palcemonetes vul- garis, amphipods, small gastropods. I. A. Field. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris sp. Ces- todes (Linton) Calliobothrium eschrichtii, C. verticillatum, Dibothrium sp., Otobothrium cre- nacolle, Phyllobothrium loliginis, Rhyncho- bothrium bulbifer, R. heterospine, R. lomenta- ceum, R. tumidulum, Synbothrium filicolle, Tetrarhynchus sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Alebion gracile, A. glabrum, Pandarus sinuatus. Galeocerdo tigrinus Muller & Henle. Tiger shark. Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; Goode, 1884, p. 673; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 32; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 425; Kendall, 1908, p. 3. Woods Hole, 1871. Goode. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in traps, occurring from August till October, rarely before August; present every year in variable abundance. Smith. Formerly more common. Edwards. Food: Buccinum undatum and Lunatia heros. Verrill and Smith, Goode. Fish (menhaden and bonito), Busycon canaliculatum and squid. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Acanthocheilus nidifex, Ascaris brevicapitata. Cestodes Cross- obothrium angustum, Monorygma sp., Orygma- tobothrium paulum, Synbothrium filicolle, Tet rarhynchus bicolor, Thysanocephalum crispum. 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 13 Prionace glauca (Linnseus). Great blue shark. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 33 ; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Kendall, 1908, p. 4. Buzzards Bay, at breakwater, one taken in July, 1877. One 70 cm. long taken at Menemsha Bight, August 4, 1905 (collected by Edwards, identified by Osburn, Cole and Sumner). Another, which was reported to be about 12 feet long, was taken in a trap at the same point August 21, 1906; and large specimens were reported during the summers of 1907 and 1908, three being taken in the latter year. Edwards. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Parasites (Linton): Anthrobothrium laciniatum, Crossobothrium anguslum. Carcharhinus obscurus (Le Sueur). Dusky shark. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520 (Eulamia ob- scura); Bean, 1884 (Cdrcharias obscurus); Jor dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 35; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 426; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Kendall, 1908, p. 4. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common. Present from June i through part of Novem ber; taken in traps and on lines. Smith. Not so abundant as formerly. Edwards. Food: Homarus americanus, Cancer irroratus. Verrill and Smith. Fish (menhaden and squeteague). Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echinor- hynchus clavceceps. Cestodes (Linton) A ntho- bothrium laciniatum, Crossobothrium angustum, Discocephalum pileatum, Otobothrium crena- colle, Pkoreiobotkrium lasium, P. triloculatum, Platybothrium ceminum, Rhynchobothrium spe- ciosum, R. tumidulum, Synbothrium filicolle, Tetrarhynchus bicolor, T. bisulcatus, T. robus- tus, T. sp. Trematodes (Linton) Gasterosto- mumarcuatum. Copepods(C. B. Wilson) Ale bion gracile, Pandarus smithii, P. cranchii, Perissopus communis. Carcharhinus mitberti (Muller & Henle). Blue shark. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521 (Eulamia rn.il- berti); Baird, 1873 (Eulamia milberti); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 37; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 426;Kendall, 1908, p. 4. Four specimens about 4 feet long taken in a trap near the local breakwater, August 8, 1873. Smith. None seen since. Food : One specimen contained a large quantity of Yoldia sapotilla. Verrill and Smith. Bo nito. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes; ces- todes Anthobotkrium laciniatum, Crossoboth rium angustum, Monorygma sp., Phoreioboth- rium lasium, Platybothrium parvum, Rhyncho bothrium tenuispine. 736 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Carcharhinus limbatus (Miiller & Henle). Spot ted-fin shark. Goode, 1884, p. 673 (Isogomphodonmaculipinnis); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 40; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Kendall, 1908, p. 5. Woods Hole in 1875. Goode. Quisset Harbor and at breakwater, at least 20 specimens during summer of 1878; all found dead in traps. Smith. Family SPHYRNID/E. Sphyrna zygazna (Linnaeus). Hammerhead shark. Storer, 1867, p. 263 (Zygcena malleus); Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 45; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 88; Linton, 1901, p. 427; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Kendall, 1908, P- 5- Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Quisset Harbor; common. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Taken in traps from July to October, being most numerous in July and August. Smith. Occasionally seen in local waters, swimming at the surface with caudal and dorsal fins project ing above surface, being sometimes harpooned in such cases. Local specimens, so far as known, all immature. Edwards. In recent years specimens have been recorded ranging in length from about 2 feet to 6 feet. Food: Fish and squid. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Ichthyonema sp., Spiroptera pectinifer, immature nematodes. Cestodes Anthobothrium laciniatum, Otobotk- rium crenacolle, Phoreiobothrium lasium, Platy- bothrium parvum, Tania sp., Tetrarhynchus sp. Family ALOPIID^E. A lopias vulpes (Gmelin). Thresher shark. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 45; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 428; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 505; Kendall, 1908, P- 5- Menemsha Bight (common), Gay Head, Buz zards Bay; taken from April till late in the fall; traps and hand lines. Smith. Nan- tucket. Sharp and Fowler. This shark, like the preceding, is a surface swimmer. Food: Fish. Linton. Family CARCH ARUMS. Ca.rcha.rias littoralis (Mitchill). Sand shark. Baird, 1873 (Eugomphodus littoralis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521 (Eugomphodus littor alis); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 46; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 428; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Field, 1907, p. i6etseq.; Kendall, 1908, p. 6. Carcharias littoralis Continued. Everywhere in shoal waters of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, sometimes entering the mouth of streams; the commonest local shark with the exception of Mustelus canis. Nan- tucket. Sharp and Fowler. Present from June to November. Traps, lines, occasionally in seines. Unripe eggs found July 8 and 10 (1890, 1892); immature through July. F. R. Lillie in Ma rine Biological Laboratory card catalogue. Mr. Edwards states that he has never found the eggs of this shark. Food: Homarus americanus, in abundance, Can cer irroratus, Loligo peatii. Verrill and Smith. Fish, crabs, and various other animals. H. M. Smith. Menhaden, sea bass, scup, but- terfish, and squid. Linton. In order of fre quency: Menhaden (probably eaten after cap ture in the trap), other fishes (flounder, scup, alewife, squeteague, sea robin, butterfish, bonito), squid. I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus, E. carcharia:. Nematodes (Lin ton) Acanthocheilus sp., Ascaris sp. Cestodes (Linton) Crossobothrium angustum, C. lacini atum, Rhynchobothrium longicorne. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Alebion graciU, Anthosoma crassum, Caligus rapax, Nesippus alatus, Pandarus sinuatus, P. smitkii. Family LAMNiDyS. Isurus dekayi (Gill). Mackerel shark. Baird, 1873 (Isuropsis dekayi); Jordan and Ever mann, 1896, p. 48; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 429; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Kendall, 1908, p. 6. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, in traps, particularly at Menemsha; comparatively common, though not so common as formerly. Edwards. Most numerous in fall ; taken until December. Smith . Food: Conger eel, fragments of fish. Linton. Parasites: Immature nematodes. Cestodes ( Lin ton) Anthobothrium laciniatum, Monorygma sp., Phyllobothriumsp., Plaiybothrium parvum, Tetrarhynchus robustus ,Thysanocephalum ridicu- lum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Anthosoma crassum, Echthrogaleus coleoptratus. ILamna cornubica (Gmelin). Porbeagle, mackerel shark. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 49; Kendall, 1908, p. 7. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 737 fLamna cornubica Continued. A shark believed to be of this species was taken at Wauwinet, Nantucket, July 29 (year?). Howard Ayers, in Marine Biological Labora tory card catalogue. Not otherwise recorded for this region. Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus). Man-eater shark. Baird, 1873 (Carcharodon atwoodi); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 576; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 50; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Ken dall, 1908, p. 7. Buzzards Bay in neighborhood of Woods Hole, rare. Recorded by Baird in 1871; two speci mens taken in local trap in 1903 (June 17 and 25). Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) Dinabothrium scp- taria, PhyUobothrium sp. Copepods Ecktkro- galeus denticulatus (Verrill and Smith); Pan- darus sinuaius (C. B. Wilson). Family CETORHINID^. ^Cetorhinus maximus (Gunner). Basking shark, bone shark. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 51. A specimen, apparently of this species, was taken in a trap at Menemsha Bight August 16, 1906. It was reported as being 12 to 14 feet long. This shark was identified by Prof. I. A. Field from a description given by Mr. Ed} Flanders. It was called a "bone shark" by the fishermen. Another large specimen taken at same point in 1908. Edwards. Family SQUALID^B. Squalus acanthias Linnaeus. Dogfish (called "horned" or "spiny" dog locally, to distin guish it from Mustelus). Storer, 1867, p. 257 (Acanthias americanus); Baird, 1873 (Squalus americanus); Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 54; Bumpus, 1898 a, p. 58; H.M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 430; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Field, 1907, p. 18; Kendall, 1908, p. 8. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound; compara tively scarce in the neighborhood of Woods Hole at present, a fact in striking contrast to its pestiferous abundance at some other points of the coast. Formerly so numerous locally that it was the chief source of the "fish guano " produced at the Woods Hole factory. Abun dant at Nantucket, according to Sharp and Fowler. Taken in May, and again in smaller numbers in October; not taken locally in the Squalus acanthias Continued. intervening months. Edwards. Caught in traps, seines, and gill nets. Always full of well-developed embryos during the run. Edwards. Embryos from Balfour s "B" to 30 mm. in length; also young "pups" 6 inches long, July 2 to 17, 1895. W. A. Locy, in Marine Biological Laboratory card cata logue). Food: In May largely ctenophores. Smith. In order of frequency : Ctenophores (Pleurobrachia in great numbers, squid, Nereis, fishes (hake, herring). I. A. Field. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris clavata. Cestodes (Linton) Calliobothrium verticilla- tum, Monorygma sp., PhyUobothrium loliginis, Rhynchobolhrium bulbifer, R. heterospine, R. imparispine, Trilocularia gracilis. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Anthosoma crassum, Caligus rapax. Family SQUATINID^E. Squatina squatina (Linnaeus). Angel fish, monk- fish. Baird, 1873, (Squatina dumerili); Jordan and Everman, 1896, p. 58; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Kendall, 1908, p. 10. A single specimen, weighing 35 or 40 pounds, and 3 or 4 feet long, was taken in a trap at Menem sha Bight, September i, 1873. Smith. Family RAJID/E. Raja erinacea Mitchill. Common skate, summer skate. [Chart 198.] Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 68; Bumpus, i&g&b, p. 851; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 430; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Field, 1907, p. 23; Kendall, 1908, p. 10; Sumner, 1910, fig. 10. Common everywhere on sandy bottoms in the deep and shoal waters of Vineyard Sound ; in Buzzards Bay having a much more restricted distribution. Present from April to Octo ber. Edwards. Taken in traps, fyke nets and seines. Likewise dredged by the Survey in from 6 to 17 fathoms, particularly in the western end of Vineyard Sound; in the Bay dredgings only recorded from stations near the lower end. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (i), 7542 (i), 7543 bis (i small), 7547 bis (i medium), 7548 (i), 7553 (2), 7561 (i), 7570 (i), 7571 (i), 7572 (i), 7579 (i). 75 8 4 (i young, i adult), 7592 (i), 7593 (i large, i small), 7598 (i male), 7602 (i large, I small), 7662 (i very small), 7663 (i small), 7671 738 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Raja erinacea Continued. (i), 7676 (2), 7681 (i large, i small), 7686 (i), 7689(1), 7698(1 young), 7699(1), 7700(1), 7702 (i small), 7703 (i young), 7708 (i), 7717 (i large, i small), 7719 (i), 7721 (i), 7722 (i), 7724 (2), 7725 (i small), 7726 (2 small), 7727 (i), 7728 (i small), 7729 (i small), 7730 (3), 7761 (i small). Prof. I. A. Field has frequently found encapsuled eggs (never more than one at a time) in the ovi ducts of this skate, at Menemsha Bight, during July and August. Judging from the condition of the ovaries he believes that the eggs are laid during the entire summer, perhaps from May until October. Bumpus states that "at times fully a bucketful of eggs have been deposited in the fish cars in a single night" (month not stated). Food: Usually Crustacea (hermit crabs, Cancer, Callinectes, Panopeus, etc., shrimps and am- phipods), annelids, also bivalve mollusks, squid, and fish. Linton. In order of fre quency: crabs (rock crab and lady crab), shrimps, small fishes (mostly Ammodytes), squid, amphipods, razor clams, lobster, algae. I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Eckino- rhynchus sagittifer. Nematodes (Linton) As caris clavata, A. rotundata, immature nema- todes. Cestodes (Linton) Echeneibothrium variabile, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. im parispine, R. tenuispine, R. tumidulum, Tetra- rhynchus sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Ar- gulus laticauda, A. megalops, Caligus rapax, Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. Raja ocellata Mitchill. Winter skate, big skate. Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 68; Bumpus, 18983, p. 58; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 431; Kendall, 1908, p. n. Common in Vineyard Sound in water of at least 5 or 6 fathoms; never taken in shoal water, and not found in Buzzards Bay. Edwards. A specimen doubtfully assigned to this species was taken in Vineyard Sound, August 8, 1905 (at Fish Hawk station 7730). Present from February till June, and from October till the end of trap fishing; absent or very rare in sum mer. Smith. Food: Squid and annelids. Lir ton. Mostly crabs. Edwards. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Acanlhocheilus sp., Ascaris rotundata, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Linton) Echeneibothrium variabile, Phyllobothrium loliginis, Rhynchobothrium im- parispine. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. Raja radiata Donovan. Starry ray. Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 69; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Kendall, 1908, p. 12. Menemsha Bight, fish traps; not common, none having been taken for years. Edwards. Raja eglanteria (Bosc). Briar ray. Baird, 1873 (Raia diaphana); Bean, 1884 (Raia eglanteria); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 71; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Kendall, 1908, p. 12. Menemsha, not common, a few every year; for merly at the breakwater. Smith. Woods Hole, one taken September 14, 1911. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes Ascaris rotundata. Cestodes Acanthoboihrium paulum, Antho- bothrium laciniatum, Rhinebothrium minimum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine. Raja Items Mitchill. Barndoor skate. Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 71; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 431; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506: Kendall, 1908, p. 13. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in traps. Common in spring and fall, rare in summer. Smith. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Food: Cragoseptemspinosus, Cirolanaconcharum, Nephthys incisa, Cerebratulus lacteus, Phasco- losoma gouldii, Ensis directus, Tautogolabrus adspersus. Cancer irroratus, Homarus ameri- canus. Verrill and Smith (R. la-vis?). Lob sters. Linton. Crabs. Edwards. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris ro tundata. Cestodes (Linton) Acanthobothrium coronatum, Echeneibothrium variabile, Mono- rygma sp., Phyllobothrium foliatum, P. loli ginis, Rhinebothrium minimum, Rhynchoboth rium imparispine, Scolex polymorphus, Tetra- rhynchus robustus. Trematodes (Linton) Distomum veliporum, trematodes undeter mined. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus curtus, C. rapax. Raja sp. Eggs of undetermined skates (probably chiefly R. erinacea ) were dredged at the following points: Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (i), 7545 (few), 7545 bis (i), 7546 bis (2), 7547 bis (i), 7552 (i), 7554(2), 7554 bis (i), 7558 (several), 7561 (few), 753 (i). 7564 (i), 7565 0). 759i (i). 7592 (few), 7593 (several, i living), 7599 (i), 7620 (i), 7629 (i), 7648, 7653 (i), 7657 (i), 7661 (i), 7664 (i), 7671 (2), 7672 (2), 7676 (i), 7679 (i), 7680 (t living), 7682 (i), 7706, 7718 (few), 7720 (4), 7744 (i), 7752 (i living). Phalarope stations: 52 (i), 65 (i). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 739 Family NARCOBATID.E. Tetronarce occidentalis (Storer). Torpedo, cramp fish. Storer, 1867, p. 272 (Torpedo occidentalis); Baird, 1873 (Torpedo occidentalis); Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 77; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 89; Linton, 1901, p. 432; Kendall, 1908, p. 13. Menemsha Bight, in traps, from May till Novem ber; most common late in the fall, at which time several may be taken together at one haul of the trap; reported, also, for Buzzards Bay. According to Smith the average weight of local specimens is 30 pounds. A specimen weighing 144 pounds was sent to the station from Nan- tucket, October 23, 1908. Eggs nearly ripe June 23, 1890. Howard Ayers, in Marine Biological Laboratory card cata logue. Food: Fish. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Calyptrobothrium minus, C. occidentale, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, K. im- parispine, Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus. Family DASYATID^. Dasyalis cenlrura (Mitchill). Sting ray. Baird, 1873 (Trygon centrum); Verrill and Smith, J 873> p- 521 (Trygon centrum); Bean, 1834 (Trygon centrum); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 83; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Linton, 1901, p. 432; Kendall, 1908, p. 14. Common in Buzzards Bay; rare at Menemsha, appearing in June or early July. Edwards. Taken in traps. Food: Cancer irroratus, Loligo pealii, Mya are- naria, Polynices heros. Verrill and Smith. Crustacea and annelids, and in one case a small fish. Linton. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris (?) sp., immature Cestodes (Linton) Acanthoboth- rium paulum, Anthobothrium pulmnatum, Anthocephalum gracile, Lecanicephalum pelta- tum, Onchobothrium uncinatum, Orygmato- bothrium crenulatum, Paratiznia medusia, Phyl- lobothrium folialum, Rhinebothrium cancellat- tum, R. flexile, Rhynchobothrium hispidum, R. imparispine, R. longispine, R. tenuispine, R. wagencri, Spongiobothrium variabile, Synboth- rium filicolle, Tetrarhynchus robu-stus, T. lin- toni, T. sp. Trematodes (Linton) Epib- della bumpusii Protozoa (Linton) Intestinal parasites. Copepods (Wilson) Alebion gra cile, Caligus rapax, Lepeophtheirus thompsoni. IDasyatis hastata (DeKay). Sting ray. Storer, 1867, p. 269 (" Pas tinaca hastata" uncer tain whether D. hastata or D. centrura is in tended); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 83; Kendall, 1908, p. 14. Holmes Hole (Vineyard Haven)? Storer. Pteroplatea maclura (Le Sueur). Butterfly ray. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 86; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Kendall, 1908, p. 14. Buzzards Bay, rare. Edwards. Observed mostly in August and September. Smith. One taken July 28, 1903. Food: Crabs. Edwards. Family MYLIOBATID^E. Myliobatisfremimiillci Le Sueur. Eagle ray, sting ray. Baird, 1873, Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 521; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 89; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Linton, 1901, p. 433; Ken dall, 1908, p. 15. Buzzards Bay; taken in local trap from July to October; not very common. Edwards. Food: Homarus americanus in abundance; also Cancer irroratus, Mya arenaria, Polynices heros. Verrill and Smith. Large univalve mollusks, probably Syco typus . Linton . Parasites (Linton): Cestodes Acanthobothrium paulum, Echeneibothrium sp., Rhinebothrium longicolle, Rhynchobothrium agile, R. impari spine, Teirarhynchus robustus. Trematodes Distomum macrocotyle. Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill). Cow-nosed ray. Baird, 1873 (Rhinoptera quadriloba); Bean, 1884 (Rhinoptera quadriloba); Jordan and Ever mann, 1896, p. 90; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Linton, 1901, p. 434; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Kendall, 1908, p. 13. Buzzards Bay and Menemsha Bight, common in traps; 145 taken at Menemsha in one day, October 15, 1902. Edwards. Nantucket, Sharp and Fowler. Present from July to Octo ber. No eggs noted. Edwards. Ripe females, July 12, 1889. Howard Ayers, in Marine Biologi cal Laboratory card catalogue. Food: Clams, gastropods, small lobsters, crabs, other Crustacea. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Echeneibothrium sp., Rhine bothrium canccllatum, R. longicolle, Rhyncho bothrium agile, R. brevispine?, Tetrarhynchus robustus, Tylocephalum pingue. 740 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Acipenser sturio Linnaeus. Common sturgeon. Baird, 1873 (Acipenser oxyrhynchus and A. bre- tiirostris); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 105; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90 (A. sturio and A. bre- virostris); Bumpus, 18980, p. 851 (Acipenser brevirostris ) ; Linton, 1901, p. 435 (A. sturio and A. brevirostris); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506; Kendall, 1908, p. 16 (.4. sturio and A. brevirostrum ?). Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, occasional; at times common, half a dozen having been seen atonce. Nantucket. Sharpand Fowler. Most numerous in June and July. Smith. As late as last of September. Edwards. Taken in traps. Females carrying large eggs noted in June and July. Edwards. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echinor- hynchus attenuatus (listed for "Acipenser bre virostris"). Nematodes (Linton) Dacnitis sphasrocephala. Cestodes: cysts. Trematodes (Linton) Nitzschia elongata. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. Family SILURID.-E. Felichthys marinus (Mitchill). Sea catfish, gaff- topsail. Baird, 1873 (^Elurichthys marinus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 118; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Kendall, 1908, p. 18. One at Menemsha in 1871. Baird. Reported from New Bedford in 1879 (Goode); from Menemsha in 1886 (Smith). Another taken at same place September n, 1906. Galeichthys felis (Linnaeus). Sea catfish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 128 (Hexane- matichthys felis); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Kendall, 1908, p. 18. Vineyard Sound, very rare, none being recorded since 1887; formerly reported common. Smith. Family ANGUILLID^;. Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur). Eel. Storer, 1867, p. 215 (Anguilla bostoniensis); Baird, 1873 (Anguilla bostoniensis); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 348 (Anguilla chrysypa) Bumpus, 1898, p. 4&6(Anguillachrysypa); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90 (Anguilla chrysypa); Lin ton, 1901, p. 435 (Anguilla chrysypa); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 506 (Anguilla chrysypa); Kendall, 1908, p. 32 (Anguilla chrysypa); B. Bean, 1909. Anguilla rostrata Continued. Abundant and generally distributed along shores everywhere, particularly in weedy places; taken throughout the year. Three hundred and fifty barrels were caught in one trap in two weeks in October, 1896. Smith. In winter they are speared through the ice. Young 2 to 2% inches long taken in March. Bumpus. Fishes of that length taken in tow in April and May. Edwards. Food: Shrimps, crabs, annelids, mollusks, small fish. Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echinorhyn- chus clavaceps, E. globuhsus. Nematodes (Linton) Agamonema capsularia, Lecano- cephalus annulatus, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium crassiceps, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. heterospine, R. imparispine, R. sp. (cysts), Scolex polymorphus, Taenia dilatala, T. sp. Trematodes (Linton) Distomum grandiporum, D. ocreatum, D. Tiitel- losum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus laticauda. Family LEPTOCEPHALID^E. Leptocephalus conger (Linnaeus). Conger eel. Baird, 1873 (Conger oceanica); Bean, 1884 (Con ger niger); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 354; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Linton, 1901, p. 436; Kendall, 1908, p. 33. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Great Harbor; very common for several years, but rather rare formerly; quite abundant in 1902, when 124 were taken in one fyke net at head of Great Harbor, in October. Edwards. Appears in July and remains till fall. Taken in traps, lobster pots, and fyke nets and on lines. Largest recorded local specimen, caught at Fal- mouth, weighed 12 pounds. Smith. Food: Fish (herring, butter-fish, eel), annelid (Nereis) . Linton . Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes Dacnitis hians, immature nematodes. Cestodes Rhynchoboth rium imparispine, larval cestodes (Scolex poly morphus). Trematodes Distomum simplex, D. vitellosum. Family MuRxENiD<E. Murcena relifera Goode & Bean. Moray. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 401; H. M. Smith, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 34. One specimen (6 feet 2 inches long, weighing 39 pounds) taken in a lobster pot at Tuckernuck Island, July 25, 1899. Smith. "The various records for "Acipenser breairostris" (brevirostrum) probably refer to "blunt-nosed individuals of the common sturgeon." H. M. Smith. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 741 Family ELOPID/E. Tarpon atlanticus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Tar pon. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 409; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 34. South Dartmouth (every year); occasionally at Quisset Harbor and Menemsha Bight. Smith. Woods Hole. Sherwood and Ed wards. Present chiefly during latter part of September; one recorded for August 31. Taken in traps, but can not be sold locally for food. Weight of local specimens, 80 to 100 pounds, of uniform size. Smith. Parasites (Linton): Ichthyonema globiceps. Elops saurus Linnaeus. Ten-pounder, big-eyed herring. Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884, p. 6n; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 410; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 90; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Ken dall, 1908, p. 35. Marthas Vineyard, southward. Goode. Vine yard Sound, Vineyard Haven. Smith. Ed- gartown, Tisbury Pond. Edwards. Nan- tucket. Sharp and Fowler. Common; re ported as more numerous of late years. Present only in the fall, none being recorded before October; then taken in traps and herring gill nets. Smith. Parasites (Linton): Rhynchobothrium bulbifer. Family ALBULID.E. Albula Tjulpes (Linnaeus). Ladyfish, bonefish. Baird, 1873 (Conorhynchus macrocephalus); Jor dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 411; Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 35. Menemsha Bight fish traps. Edwards. Re ported by Baird in 1871, but none seen for many years. Smith. Family CLUPEID^B. Etrumeus teres (De Kay). Round herring. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 420 (Etrumeus sadina); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91 (E. sadina); Kendall, 1908, p. 36. Buzzards Bay trap, Eel Pond, Menemsha Bight; ordinarily rare, occasionally common; very abundant in 1905, several barrels being taken in single lift of the trap ; abundant again in 1908, when they appeared in the local traps on July 3, and were taken until October 21. During part of this period many hundreds were taken at once. Parasites (Linton): Scolex polymorphus. Clupea harengus Linnaeus. Herring. Storer, 1867, p. 153 (Clupea elongala); Baird, 1873 C. elongata); Verrill, 1873, p. 520 (C. elongata); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 421; Bumpus, 1898 a, p. 59; Mead, 1898, p. 702 ; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 437; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 36. Seasonally abundant and generally distributed throughout the region. Adults with spawn appear about October 15, remaining until cold weather. Taken in traps and gill nets. Spawn in the fall ; young taken in tow from Oc tober to June; few or none in midsummer. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Crago scptemspinosus, Mysis americana, Gammarus natator, also small fishes. Verrill and Smith. (For young fish only): Squid, shrimps, annelids, copepods, other small Crus tacea, including megalops of crabs, diatoms. Parasites ( Linton ) : Nematodes A gamo ncma cap- sularia, Ascaris sp. (immature). Cestodes Rhynchoboihrium imparispine, larval Cestodes (Scolex polymorphus). Trematodes Disto mum appendiculatum, D. bothryophoron, D. ocreatum, D. mlellosum. Protozoa sporozoa in muscles. Clupanodon pseudohispanicus (Poey). Spanish sardine. Kendall and Smith, 1895, p. 17-18 (Clupea pseu- dohispanica); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 423; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; 19013; Linton, 1901, p. 438; Kendall, 1908, p. 37. Menemsha Bight, Woods Hole, Eel Pond; gen erally rare; abundant in 1892. Smith. A number in 1900; 6 taken in Eel Pond, October and November, 1908. Edwards. Appear dur ing September, October, and November; taken in traps and seines. Food: Numerous copepods (August). Linton. Parasites (Linton): Distomum appendiculatum. Pomolobus mediocris (Mitchill). Hickory shad. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 425; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 438; Kendall, 1908, p. 37. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common, 3,500 having been taken in one trap. Smith- Present from spring till end of trap-fishing sea. son; most numerous in the fall, when they are taken as food fish. Food: Fish, squid, small crabs, other Crustacea. Linton. Parasites (Linton) : Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes Ascaris clavata, A. habena, A. sp. Cestodes Larvae (Scolex polymorphus), Tetrarhynchussp. Trematodes Distomum appendiculatum. 742 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson). Alewife, branch herring (known locally as "herring"). Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 426; Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 439; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507, Kendall, 1908, p. 38. Common throughout local waters, ascending streams in the spring. It arrives in March and April, passing then into fresh water and return ing in May. Smith. Abundant also in Octo ber and November. Edwards. Taken in traps and in dip-nets. Spawns in streams and ponds in April and May. Food (only young examined): All contained copepods, shrimps, young squid. Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus; immature nematodes. Cestodes (Linton) Rhynchobothrium imparispine, larvae (Scolexpolymorphus). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum appendiculatum, D. bothryophoron, D. vitellosum, Monostomum sp. Protozoa: sporozoa in muscles. Copepods (C. B. Wil son) Argulus alosae, Caligus rapax, Lepeoph- theirus edtvafdsi. Pomolobus (Bstitialis (Mitchill). Glut herring, black back. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 426; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 38. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, etc., common. Comes later than branch herring. Smith. Taken in September and October. Edwards. Spawns in brackish ponds. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes Heterakis foveo- lata. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson). Shad. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 427; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 39. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, etc. Not un common, though far less numerous than for merly. Smith. Nantucket. Sharp and Fow ler. Comes about May i , remaining only about a week; contains well advanced spawn on arri val. Edwards. Taken in traps. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris adunca, Ascaris sp. (immature). Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur). Thread herring. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 432; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Kendall, 1908, p. 40. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, very rare, though reported as common one year (1885). Smith. Several taken in 1901 and 1902. Edwards. Occur from July till fall. Brevoorlia tyrannus (Latrobe). Menhaden, pogy. Storer, 1867, p. 159 (Alosa menhaden); Baird, 1873 (Brevoortia menhaden) , Goode, 1879, p. 1-514; Peck, 1894; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 433; Bumpus, iSgSa, p. 59; i8g8b, p. 851; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91; Linton, 1901, p. 440; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Ken dall, 1908, p. 40. Abundant everywhere throughout the region, swimming in schools at the surface and often running into brackish water; in winter prob ably going to deep water. They arrive in schools about May 20, though scattered ones are taken in March, and remain till December i or later. Most abundant in June. Taken in traps and purse nets. One taken in 1876 measured 18 inches, probably the largest on record . Smith. Reproduction not well understood (see H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 91). Appears to breed in June, schools of young ^ to i inch in length being common during July. Bumpus, Edwards. Food: Minute Crustacea and unicellular animals and plants. (For full statement see Feck, 1894.) Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) larvae (Scolexpoly- morphus), Synbothrium filicolle. Trematodes (Linton) Distomum appendiculatum, D.fene- stratum, D. mtellosum, D. sp., Gasterostomum arcuatum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Bomo- lochus teres, Valigus chelifer , C. schistonyx, Ler- ncseniscus radiatus, Lernanthropus brevoortias. A serious epidemic occured among local men haden in 1904; enormous numbers of dead drifted to shore in Narragansett Bay, and con siderable numbers in New Bedford Harbor. Family ENGRAUMDIM;. Anchovia brownii (Gmelin). Anchovy. Goode, 1884, p. 611 (Slolephorus brownii); Jor dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 443 (Stolephorus brownii); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 (Stolephorus brownii); Linton, 1901, p. 440 (Stolephorus brownii); Kendall, 1908, p. 41. Throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, Great Tisbury Pond ; usually abundant. Pres ent from first of May till late in fall. Edwards. Taken in traps and seines. With ripe spawn till August. Edwards. Food: Usually copepods, also univalve mol- lusks. Linton . Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes. Ces todes larvae (Scolex polymorphus). Trema todes Distomum appendiculatum, D. sp. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OP WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 743 Anchovia argyrophanus (Cuvier & Valenciennes. Anchovy. Jordan and Evennann, 1896, p. 444 (Stolephorus argyrophanus}; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 (Sto lephorus argyrophanus); Kendall, 1908, p. 41. Woods Hole, Menemsha Bight, Buzzards Bay trap, and Great Tisbury Pond; not uncommon at times; very plentiful in 1902, but not seen in 1903; abundant in 1905. Edwards. Speci mens in Woods Hole collection dated Novem ber 20, 1899, and September 5, 1902. Most numerous in fall. Smith. Traps and seines. Parasites (Linton): Scolex polymorphus. Ancho-via mitchilli (Cuvier & Valenciennes). An chovy. Goode, 1884, p. 611 (Stolephorus mitchilli); Jor dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 446 (Stolephorus mitchilli); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 (Stolepho rus mitchilli); Kendall, 1908, p. 42. Abundant, having a distribution the same as that of A . brownii, and occurring from the first of May till fall. Edwards. Family SALMONID.E. Salmo salar Linnseus. Atlantic salmon. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 486; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 44. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, a few (chiefly small specimens) taken every year, generally in May; a 25-pound specimen taken in trap at Menemsha, June 28, 1899. Smith. No large specimens seen locally for a number of years. Edwards. Off Tuckernuck, i in 1904. Sharp and Fowler. Parasites: Immaturenematodes(/4jcom). Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Sahelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Brook trout, speckled trout. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 506; H. M Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 46. Great and Little Harbors, entering salt water from streams and remaining through winter, when they are occasionally taken in fyke nets. Smith. Parasites (C. B. Wilson): Lepeophtheirus sal monis. Family ARGENTINID^E. Osmerus mordax (Mitchill). Smelt. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evefmann, 1896, p. 523; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92, Kendall, 1908, p. 48. Osmerus mordax Continued. Eel Pond and Hadley Harbor, Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay generally. Present throughout the year but reported as most abundant in March. Taken in seines and fyke nets. Spawns in February and March. Smith. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris sp. im mature. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium li- gula, Rkynchobothrium imparispine. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus aloscE. Family SYNODONTID.E. Trachinocephalus myops (Forster). Ground spear ing, snake fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 533; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 49. Nobska; Great Harbor, rare, taken during years 1876, 1878, 1887, 1892 and 1898. Smith. One taken in 1903. Edwards. Recorded for July, September, and October. Synodus fattens (Linnaeus). Lizard fish. Jordan and Evennann, 1896, p. 538; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 50. Beach inside Nobska Point, Vineyard Sound, Great Tisbury Pond, Katama Bay, Buzzards Bay, Quisset Harbor. Edwards. A few taken in the seine nearly every year during Septem ber. Family MAUROLICID^E. Maurolicus pennanti (Walbaum). Bean, 1884 (Maurolicus borealis); Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 96 (M. borealis); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 577; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 50. Woods Hole, one found in January, 1884. Smith. Buzzards Bay at local bathing beach, 21 speci mens collected by Mr. Edwards on November 27, 1906 J. These fishes were found dead on shore, but were in good preservation. They had evident scales, which, however, were very thin; and a long, low, adipose caudal fin (cf. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 576). Family Fundulus majalis (Walbaum). Killifish, May fish, striped minnow, mummichog. Baird, 1873 (Hydrargyra majalis); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 639; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92 ; Bumpus, iSgSb, p. 851 ; Sharp and Fow ler, 1904, p. 507, Kendall, 1908, p. 53. 744 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Fundulus majalis Continued. Common nearly everywhere throughout the year, on sandy shores and among weeds; extremely abundant in certain localities. Vineyard Ha ven (Lagoon Pond) is perhaps the most satis factory local collecting ground. Commonly obtained with the seine. Begins spawning in June; fertile spawn obtain able throughout July and early August. Prof. Whitman (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) states that the eggs are laid in sand 3 or 4 inches deep. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Heterakis sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus funduli, A . megalops, Caligus rufimaculatus . Fundulus hetcrocliius (Linnaeus). Common killi- fish, mummichog, common minnow. Baird, 1873 (Fundulus pisculentus and F. multi- fasciatus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520 (Fundulus pisculentus); Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 640; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; Bumpus, iSgSb, p. 852; Linton, 1901, p. 441; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507; Kendall, 1908, p. 54. Occurs everywhere and at all seasons in shallow weedy waters and on sandy shores, even where the sea water is considerably diluted; fre quently taken in great abundance. Spawns throughout June and July; ripe spawn has been taken as early as the middle of May and as late as early August. Cross fertilization has been artificially effected between this spe cies and F. majalis. Food: A variety of vegetable matter, eelgrass, etc., enormous numbers of diatoms and Fora- minifera; shrimps and other Crustacea. Lin ton. Large numbers of Melampus bidenta- tus. Verrill and Smith. In order of fre quency: Diatoms (mostly Pleurosigma), small Crustacea (amphipods), algae, prawns, Mol- gula, Nereis, eelgrass, small fishes (sp. ?), Haminea, lady crabs, Mya arenaria, Solenya velum. I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus, E. clavaceps. Nematodes (Lin ton) Ascaris sp. (immature), Heterakis sp. Cestodes (Linton) Otobothrium crenacolle, lar vae (Scolex polymorphus). Trematodes (Lin ton) Diplostomum sp. (cyst in liver), Disto- mum tornatum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wil son) Argulus funduli, A. megalops, Caligus rufimaculatus, Lernrzeniscus radiatus. Locally this fish has for many years served as one of the most important objects of biological study and experimentation. Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur). Killifish, fresh water minnow. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 645; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 55. Waquoit Bay, Great Pond, Hadley Harbor, Eel Pond (rare), Tashmoo Pond (very abundant), Tisbury Pond (abundant). A brackish and fresh-water species, seldom or never found in undiluted sea water. Mr. Edwards records the unexpected presence of this fish in the small streams flowing down the clay bank at Gay Head. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rkynchus acus . Nematodes Heterakis sp. Ces todes T&nia sp. Lucania parva (Baird & Girard). Bain-water fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 665; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Kendall, 1908, p. 56. Waquoit Bay, and brackish ponds between latter and Woods Hole, Eel Pond, Quisset Harbor, Tashmoo Pond (few in 1904), Vineyard Haven, Katama, Tisbury Pond (many in 1906). A resident fish, fairly common in suitable locali ties (weedy shores in brackish waters), but seldom taken in any abundance. Cyprinodon variegalus Lacepede. Short minnow, variegated minnow. Storer, 1867, p. 280; Baird, 1873; Gurley, 1893, 1894; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 671; Bumpus, i898b, p. 852; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 92; Linton, 1901, Kendall, 1908, p. 56. Salt and brackish water ponds near Falmouth, occasionally a few in Woods Hole Harbor; lo cally abundant on shallow, weedy shores; a resident fish. Spawns in June. Smith. Ripe eggs recorded July 13. Osburn. Parasites: Myxobolus lintoni. Gurley. Family ESOCID^E. Tylosurus marinus (Walbaum). Silver gar, bill- fish. Storer, 1867, p. 137 (Belone truncate) ; Baird, 1873 (Belone longirostris); Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 714; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Linton, 1901, p. 442; Kendall, 1908, p. 56. Shores of Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, common. Especially common at Quisset Har bor. Edwards. Present from May to Octo ber. Smith. Taken in traps and seines. Food: Fish and shrimps. Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus claiiaeceps. Cestodes (Linton) larvae BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 745 Tylosurus marinus Continued. (Scolex polymorphus). Trematodes (Linton) Gasterostomum sp., Microcotyle sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligodes cephalus, Lepeoph- theirus edwardsi. Tylosurus acus (Lacepede). Honndfish. Goode, 1879, P- 6 (Belone latimanus); 18843, p. 459 (Tylosurus caribbceus); Bean, 1884 ( T. carib bceus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 716; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, p. 57. Woods Hole. Goode, Bean. Woods Hole in Buzzards Bay trap, occasional specimens taken, one in 1902. Edwards. A specimen in local collection, about 4 feet long, dated July 27, 1886. Nantucket, rare. Sharp and Fowler. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus pristis; Nematodes Ascaris sp. im mature. Cestodes Dibothrium restiforme, Rhynchobothrium speciosum. Trematodes Distomum nitens. On the 1886 specimen a cluster of stalked bar nacles (Conchoderma mrgatum) was growing between the eyes. Athlennes hians (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 718; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Kendall, 1908, p. 57. Buzzards Bay trap, one taken in summer of 1895. Smith. A second on August 14, 1 902 . Edwards. Family HEMIRAMPHID^. Hyporhampkus roberti (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Halfbeak, skipper. Cope, 1870, (Hemirhamphus unifasciatus); Goode, 18843, p. 461 (Hyporhamphus unifasciatus); Jor dan and Evermann, 1896, p. 721 ; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Kendall, 1908, p. 57. Newport. Cope. Woods Hole. Goode. Me- nemsha, West Falmouth, Gay Head, common to abundant. Smith. Present in July, Au gust, and September. Taken with the seine or in the fish traps. Hemirhamphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus), Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 722; H. M. Smith, 18983, p. 544. Woods Hole, in Buzzards Bay, August 9, 1898, a specimen 5^ inches long. Smith. Euleptorlmmphus velox Poey. Jordan 3nd Evermann, 1896, p. 724; Kendall, 1908, p. 58. Newport. Goode. Off Nantucket. Putnam. Family SCOMBRESOCID^S. Scombresox saurus (Walbaum). Saury, skipper. Baird, 1873 (Scomberesox scutellatus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 725; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Kendall, 1908, p. 58. Nobska Point. Smith. Menemsha (1905), Had- ley Harbor (1906). Edwards. Commonly very rare locally, though many have been taken on two occasions (1905 and 1906). Rec ords for August, September, and December. Family EXOCCETID^. Parexoccctus mesogaster (Bloch). Flying-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 728; Kendall, 1908, p. 59. Newport. Jordan and Meek. Exoccetus rondeletii (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Flying-fish. Jordan and Everm3nn, 1896, p. 733; H. M. Smith, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 59. Menemsha Bight, one specimen taken in trap October 13, 1900. Smith. A specimen in the local collection, dated August 7, 1886, and labelled "Exoccetus volitans," seems to belong to the present species. Sumner. Exoccetus volilans Linnaeus. Flying-fish. Baird, 1873 (Exocastus melanurus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 734; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Kendall, 1908, p. 59. Vineyard Sound, especially in traps at Menem sha Bight; also at Great Harbor; of variable frequency, but usually scarce. Appears during September and October. Edwards. The authors have not seen any specimens of this species from local waters. One so labeled in the museum of the station is probably E. rondeletii. Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque). Flying-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 735 (Exoccetus heterurus); Smith, 1899; 1900 (Exoccetus hete rurus); Kendall, 1908, p. 59. Woods Hole in 1886; Menemsha Bight, one speci men seined on August i, 1899; another in trap, August 2 1 . Smith. Several specimens of this species in the National Museum are from Woods Hole or vicinity. Two fishes of this species were taken at Menemsha Bight, July 10, 1908 (identified by F. B. Sumner). This is prob ably the commonest local flying-fish. Cypselurus furcatus (Mitchill). Flying-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 737 (Exoccetus furcatus); Kendall, 1908, p. 60. Newport. Jordan and Meek. o Local records for " Hyporhampus unifasciatus" are believed to refer to H. roberti. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 746 Cypselurus gibbifrons (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 741 (Exoccetus gibbifrons); Kendall, 1908, p. 60. Newport. Jordan and Evermann. Family GASTEROSTEID<E. Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus). Nine-spined stickleback. Baird, 1873 (Pygosteus dekayi); Bean, 1884 (Py- gosleus pungitius); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 745 (Pygosieus pungitius); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93 (Pygosteus pungitius); Ken dall, 1908, p. 61. Eel Pond, Quisset Harbor, Hadley Harbor, La- good Pond; common at the head of harbors where water is not fully salt. Edwards. A resident fish. Taken with seine. Spawns in April and May. Edwards. Parasites: A small Distomum. Linton. Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus. Three-spined stickleback. Baird, 1873 (Gasterosteus biaculeatus); Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 747; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93 (Gasterosteus bispinosus); Bumpus, 18983, p. 59 (Gasterosteus bispinosus); Kendall, 1908, p. 61. Shores everywhere; the most common local stickleback. A resident fish , taken in greatest abundance in March and April. Edwards. Dredged at Blue Wing station 50. Breeds in May and early June. Edwards. Gasterosteus bispinosus Walbaum. a Stickleback. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 748; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93 (Gasterosteus gladiunculus); Kendall, 1908, p. 63. Smith (1898) records the capture of one speci men of "Gasterosteus gladiunculus Kendall," in October, 1897. Dr. Kendall informs us that this species, now known to be G. bispino sus Walba um, is fairly common at Woods Hole in summer, but that few except small speci mens have been taken, these being collected by the tow net. Apeltes quadracus (Mitchill). Four-spined stickle back. Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 752; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 93; Linton, 1901, p. 443; Ken dall, 1908, p. 63. Very common, along shores everywhere, both in salt and brackish water; taken at all seasons. Spawns in May and June. Food: Copepods. Linton. Family Fistularia tabacaria Linnseus. Trumpet-fish. Storer, 1867, p. 141 (Fistularia serrata); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 755; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 64. Buzzards Bay near Quissett, a few every year; Great Harbor. Smith. Tisbury Pond. Ed wards. A specimen in the museum was taken in the inclosure of the local pier, close to the laboratory. Present in September, October, and early November. Taken with the seine? Usual size 7 or 8 inches. Smith. Largest, seined November i, 1899, 20 inches in length, exclu sive of tail. Edwards. Family SYNGNATHID/B. Syngnathus fuscus Storer. Pipefish. [Chart 199.] Baird, 1873 (Syngnathus peckianus); Bean, 1884 (Siphostoma fuscum); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 770 (Siphostoma fuscum ;) H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (Siphostoma fuscum); Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; 18983, p. 59 (Siphostoma fuscuin); Linton, 1901, p. 443 (Siphostoma fuscum); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 507 (Siphostoma fuscum); Kendall, 1908, p. 65. Very common among eelgrass along shores every where ; also taken by means of the dip net in the open Sound among floating weed. A resi dent species Dredged by the Survey at scat tered stations throughout Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, in waters of 2 to 17 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7530 bis (i), 7551 (2), 7554 (2), 7564 bis (i), 7566 (i small), 7570 (i small), 7576 (several small), 7577 (2 young), 7580 (2, i a male with eggs in pouch), 7582 (i), 7591 (i small), 7598 (i small), 7600 (i large), 7602 (i), 7622(3, i a male with well-developed eggs), 7633 (i), 7657 (i). 7 6 73 (i). 776i (i), 77 2 ( 2 . * a male with eggs), 7778 (i), 7783 (i male with eggs). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 50 (4), 53 (several), 73 (i), 109 (i adult male with eggs), i5o(male with eggs), 154 (i small), 158 (i). Spawns about June i; males carrying eggs in the brood pouch found throughout July. "Breeding" as early as May 13. Bumpus. Young taken in tow from April to August. Records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Small Crustacea. Linton. Parasites: Rhynchoboihrium heterospine. Linton. Hippocampus hudsonius De Kay. Sea-horse. Storer, 1867, p. 223; Baird, 1873; Goode, 1884, p. 172 (Hippocampus heptagonus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 777; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 65. a This is not the " Gasterosteus bispinosus" of former "Woods Hole lists, which really referred to G. aculeatus. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 747 Hippocampus hudsonius Continued . Woods Hole. Goode. Vineyard Sound, in gulf- weed or rockweed; a few every year, during August and September. Smith. Gay Head, one specimen. Edwards. A dead specimen taken dredging in Tarpaulin Cove, July, 1903. Family ATHERINID*. Menidia beryllina cerea Kendall. Silverside. Kendall and Smith, 1895, p. 21 (M. beryllina); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 797 (Menidia gracilis); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (M. gracilis) , Bumpus, i8p8b (M. gracilis); Kendall, 1902, p. 261; Kendall, 1908, p. 66. Shores everywhere, abundant, appearing early in spring. Often seen in dense bodies about piers in July, August, and September and as late as December. Smith. Spawns in June and July; seems to spawn later than M. notata. Bumpus. Menidia menidia notata (Mitchill). Silverside. Baird, 1873 (Chirostoma notata); Bean, 1884 (Menidia notata) , Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 800 (M. notata); 1898, p. 2840 (Menidia menidia notata); Bumpus, i&g&b, p. 852 (M. notata); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (M. notata); Kendall, 1902 (M. notata); Linton, 1901, p. 443 (M. notata); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508 (M. notata); Kendall, 1908, p. 66. Shores everywhere, very abundant, more so than the foregoing species. Taken from April to December, being most abundant late in the fall. Spawns in June and July. Eggs in ropy threads attached to beach grass above low-tide level. Edwards. Fry i l /2 cm. in length at surface in July. Bumpus. Food:. Small Crustacea, shrimps, vegetable ma terial, annelids, univalve mollusks, diatoms. Linton. Kendall (1902) gives a number of tables of food of " silversides " without specify ing species. The records probably refer to the present form. This fish is, in its turn, an im portant item of food for larger species. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Filaria sp. (im mature). Cestodes (Linton) larvae (Rhyn- chobothrium bulbifer, R. imparispine) . Tre- matodes (Linton) Distomum tornatum, D. ualdeinflatum, D. sp., Gasterostomum sp. Co- pepods (C. B. Wilson) Ergasilus manicatus. Family Mugil cephalus Linnaeus. Striped mullet. Baird, 1873 (Mugil lineatus); Jordan and Ever mann, 1896, p. 811; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Linton, 1901, p. 444; Kendall, 1908, p. 67. Woods Hole, Great Pond, Vineyard Haven; com mon along shores locally. Present from June to December; most common in the fall. Local specimens all appear to be immature, and the fish does not seem to spawn here. Edwards. A specimen 13 inches long taken in 1900. Food: Diatoms, green algae, occasionally cope- pods. Linton. Parasites: Caligus rufimaculatus . C. B. Wilson. Mugil curema Cuvier & Valenciennes. White mullet. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 813; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 68. Woods Hole, Quisset, Vineyard Haven. Com mon from July ist to October. Smith. Lo cal specimens all immature. Edwards. Young i>4 inches in length taken June 28. Bumpus. It is not certain that all the foregoing records are reliable, since some confusion seems to have occurred in the identification of local mullets. Three specimens in the Woods Hole collection, which had been labeled "Mugil curema," are in reality M. cephalus. Sumner. Mugil sp. undetermined (immature). Kendall and Smith, 1895, p. 20 (Querimana gyrans); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 818 (Querimana gyrans); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94 (Querimana gyrans); Kendall, 1908, p. 68 (Mugil trichodon). An immature form which has for a number of years been listed locally as "Querimana gy rans, occurs at Woods Hole and vicinity dur ing the summer and fall. (Concerning iden tity, see Bean, Catalogue of the Fishes of New York, 1903; Smith, The Fishes of North Caro lina, 1907). Family SPHYR/ENID^E. Sphyrcena barracuda (Walbaum). Barracuda. Goode, 1884, p. 448 (Sphyrcena picuda); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 823 (S. picuda); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 68. Woods Hole, Quisset Harbor, a rare straggler, only a few specimens having been taken, the last recorded being in September, 1897. Smith. 748 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Sphyrasna guachancho Cuvier & Valenciennes. Barracuda. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 824; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 69. Only two records; Woods Hole, July 7, 1876; Buzzards Bay, July 17, 1883. Smith. Sphyrana borealis DeKay. Barracuda. Storer, 1867, p. 86; Goode, 1884, p. 448; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 825; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Linton, 1901, p. 444; Kendall, 1908, p. 69. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, Katama Bay, Gay Head. The young fishes are common, adults rare, seldom reaching 12 inches in length. Smith. Present from July to December; most common after October i. Smith. Taken in traps and seines. Food: Young fish, young gastropods. Linton. Family POLYNEMID^. Polydactylus octonemus (Girard). Eight-threaded threadfm. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 830; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 94; Kendall, 1908, p. 69. One taken by seine in Little Harbor in Septem ber, 1882. Smith. Another, b% inches long, in trap at Menemsha Bight, October 28, 1908 (collected by Edwards, identified by Sumner). Family AMMODYTID^E. Ammodytes americanus De Kay. Sand launce, sand eel, lant. [Chart 200.] Baird, 1873; Storer, 1867, p. 217; Bean, 1884; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 833; Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; Mead, 1898, p. 902; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95 (A. americanus and A. dubius); Kendall, 1908, p. 70. Abundant throughout region, frequenting sandy beaches and flats, and darting into the sand when disturbed. Taken throughout the year, though most abundant late in fall and early spring; rare in winter. Smith. Dredged by the Survey throughout Vineyard Sound at depths of 2% to 13 fathoms, on sandy bottoms; not taken in Buzzards Bay dredgings. Young in tow from X to * * ncn i* 1 length in March, 1898. Bumpus. Young taken from January till November, being most frequent from March to May, especially April. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Fish Hawk stations: 7533 (2), 7540 (6), 7545 (i small), 7546 bis (i), 7562 (3), 7562 bis (3), 7566 (i), 7569 bis (about 12), 7575 (i), 7596 (several), 7703 (few), 7704 (few), 7705 (many), 7739 (i), 7771 (2). A mmodyles americanus Continued . Phalarope stations: 43 (2), 60 (i). Important food for mackerel (Smith), and prob ably other fishes. Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) Rhynchobothrium bulbifcr, R. imparispine (listed for "Ammo dytes dubius"). Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. Family HOLOCENTRID^. IHolocentrus tortuga Jordan & Thompson. Squirrel-fish. H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900, igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. 70 (these specimens were referred to Holo- centrus ascensionis (Osbeck)). Katama Bay; one young specimen seined Sep tember i, 1899, another August 28, 1900. Family MUIAIDJE. Mullus auratus (Jordan & Gilbert). Goatfish, sur mullet. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 856; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Kendall, 1908, p. 71. " Rare. Taken every year in September, mostly in Quisset Harbor. Smith. Specimens from the following points are contained in the local collection: Woods Hole (4 specimens, July 25, 1894); Menemsha Bight (22 in one seine haul, July 29, 1908, and again in some numbers, August 19, 1908), Great Harbor (one speci men, September 20, 1908). A young fish, probably of this species, was dredged by the Fish Hawk in Buzzards Bay during the sum mer of 1906. The foregoing specimens are all small (mostly 4 inches or less in length). Family SCOMBRID^E. Scomber scombrus Linnseus. Common mackerel. Storer, 1867, p. 55 (Scomber vernalis); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516 (Scomber -vernalis) ; Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 865; H.M. Smith, 1898^.95; Bumpus, iSgSa.p. 59; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 444; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508: Kendall, 1908, p. 71. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay; believed to be less abundant here than formerly, though still taken on a commercial scale. According to Smith (1898) the mackerel appear about June i, for two weeks, then disappear for a few weeks for spawning ( ?) ; after reappearance , they remain through November. Mr. Ed wards states that they arrive the first week in May, and remain in the region till November; that they are scarce in the Bay trap after July BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 749 Scomber scombrus Continued. i , though taken in Menemsha traps and by line fishermen till November. First one in 1898 taken May 3 (Bumpus); first in 1900 taken April 29 (Sherwood and Edwards). Spawns during middle and latter part of June, offshore. Bumpus. In the middle of May fish are taken with ripe eggs and milt, this condi tion lasting about a month; young, 2j/ inches long, recorded June 3, 1903. Edwards. Food: Some taken in July, 20 miles south of No Mans Land, contained shrimps, various larval and immature Crustacea, copepods, and nu merous pteropods. Verrill and Smith. Small fish, small Crustacea, squid, copepods (re corded for young fish only). Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rkynckus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Agamo- nema capsularia (immature), .4. papilligcrus, Ascaris capsularia, A. clavata, A. sp. Ccstodes (Linton) Dibothrium punctatum, D. sp. (lar vae), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer, R. imparispinc, R. speciosum, Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Te- irarhynchus bisulcalus. Trematodes (Linton) Distomum appendiculalum, D. gulosum. D. vitellosum, Octocotyle major. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. An extensive local mackerel fishery exists, chiefly by means of lines operated from small schooners. Many are likewise taken in gill nets during May and June, and by traps throughout the season. Scomber colias Gmelin. Chub mackerel, bull s-eye mackerel. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 866; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Kendall, 1908, p. 72 (Scom ber jap onicus). Vineyard Sound and lower part of Buzzards Bay, uncommon to abundant. Smith. About 5,000 taken at Menemsha, August 25, 1906. Ed wards. Abundant in 1908. Taken in traps and on lines, along with other mackerel, from July 15 to the end of October. Smith. This fish is sold by local fishermen along with the common mackerel. Auxis thazard (Lacepede.) Frigate mackerel. Goode, 18843, p. 305; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 867; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 95; Ken dall, 1908, p. 72. Sow and Pigs Lightship. A. H. Clark, cited by Goode. Menemsha Bight (1885), Woods Hole (June 29, 1892 [2 specimens]). Smith. Ap parently very rare in local waters. Gymnosarda pclamis (Linnaeus). Oceanic bonito. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 868; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 72. Menemsha Bight, recorded for only one season (1878), in which year they were abundant, 2,000 to 3,000 being taken in the traps during several weeks. Smith. Taken again October 10, 1905. Edwards. Parasites: Tristomum Iceve. Linton. Gymnosarda alleterata (Rafinesque). Little tunn} , bonito. Baird, 1873 (Orcynus allileratus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516 (Orcynus thunnina); Goode, i884a, p. 322 (Orcynus alliteratus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 869; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 73. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Goode. Taken regularly at Menemsha, where some times as many as 100 are taken at a single lift of the trap. Smith. Present in July and Au gust. They are said to be all of about the same size (about 8 pounds). Food: One local specimen in August contained ii Loligo pealii. Verrill and Smith. Parasites (Linton): Cestodes Rhynchobothrium bulbifer. Trematodes Distomum monticellii. Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus). Horse mackerel, tunny. Baird, 1873 (Orcynus sccundi-dorsalis); Bean 1884 (Orcynus thynnus} ; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 870; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Linton, 1901, p. 445; Kendall, 1908, p. 73. Quisset Harbor, Buzzards Bay, Menemsha, No Mans Land (6 in 1904). Formerly plentiful but now rare. Several at Menemsha in 1908. Edwards. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Taken in traps. Food: Squid (only one fish examined). Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echinor- hynchus sp. Trematodes Distomum clava- tum. Germo alalunga (Gmelin). Long-finned albacore. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 871; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Kendall, 1908, p. 74. One taken in a fyke net in Great Harbor, May 21, 1895, this being the only known occurrence on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Smith. Sarda sarda (Bloch). Bonito. Storer, 1867, p. 64 (Pelamys sarda); Baird, 1873 (Sarda pelamys); Verrill, 1873, p. 516 (Sarda pelamys); Goode, 18843, p. 319; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 872; H. M. Smith, 1898, 750 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP FISHERIES. Sarda sarda Continued. p. 96; Linton, 1901, p. 445; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 74. Vineyard Sound, from Gay Head to Woods Hole, also Buzzards Bay; scarce to abundant, usu ally common. Taken in local traps from June to first of October. A fine food fish. Spawns throughout June. Edwards. Food: An abundant of Crago sep terns pinosus. Verrill and Smith. Fish and squid. Linton. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris sp. (im mature), Ichthyonemasp. Cestodes (Linton) Otobothrium crenacolle (cysts), Rhynchoboth- rium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphic (larvae), Tetrarhynchus bicolor, T. sp. Trematodes (Linton) Disto- mum pyriforme, D. mtellosum, Gasterostomum arcuatum; Hexacotyle thynni, N ematobothrium sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson): Caligus bonito, C. exilis, C. mutabilis. Scomberomorus maculatus (Mitchill). Spanish mackerel. Baird, 1873 (Cybium macula turn); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 874; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 446; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, p. 74. Buzzards Bay at local fish trap, also Vineyard Sound; formerly abundant, now rare and growing scarcer. Smith. One reported in 1898; three in 1900; only one in 1902. Ed wards. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Has been taken from August to October. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Ascaris clavata, A. habena, A. incurva, Ichthyonema globiceps, immature nematodes. Cestodes Rhyncho- bothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), Synbothrium filicolle (cysts). Trematodes Distomum sp., Gaste rostomum sp. Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch). Kingfish, cero. Baird, 1873 (Cybium regale); Jordan and Ever mann, 1896, p. 875; H. M. Smith, 1893, p. 96; Linton, 1901, p. 447; Kendall, 1908, p. 75. Buzzards Bay; about as common as S. cavalla. Smith. Few taken lately. Edwards. Food: Small fish. Linton. Parasites: Synbothrium filicolle (cysts), Tetrar hynchus sp. (cysts). Linton. Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier). Kingfish, cero. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 875; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Linton, 1901, p. 447; Ken dall, 1898, p. 75. Scomberomorus cavalla Continued. Menemsha Bight, Quisset Harbor; formerly much more common than the Spanish mack erel. Smith. Three recorded in 1901, one in 1902, none in 1903. Edwards. Present from July i to end of trap fishing. Food: Fish and squid. Linton. Parasites: Synbothrium filicolle (cysts). Linton. Family TRICHIURID.E. Trichiurus leptunts Linnaeus. Cutlass-fish, scab bard-fish. Storer, 1867, p. 70; Goode, 18843, p. 335; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 889; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 96; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Ken dall, 1908, p. 76. Woods Hole, for "past 10 years." Goode, 1884. Woods Hole, Buzzards Bay, Menemsha Bight, Cuttyhunk, Vineyard Haven, Cedar Tree Neck. Edwards. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Rather rare; one or two each year; four taken in 1903 (near breakwater). Present from June till October. Edwards. Taken in traps. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rynchus acus. Cestodes (Linton) Otoboth rium crenacolle (cysts), Rhynchobothrium speci osum (cysts), Scolex polymorp/ius. Trema todes (Linton) Distomum sp. Copepods (C. B. WilsOxi) Caligus chelifer, C. rapax. These fishes are occasionally sent to the Woods Hole station as curiosities. Family ISTIOPHORID.E. Istiophorus nigricans (Lacepede). Sailfish. Baird, 1873 (Histiophorus gladius); Goode, 1883, p. 304 (Histiophorus americanus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 891; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Linton, 1901, p. 448; Kendall, 1908, p. 76. Quisset Harbor; rare, a half dozen having been taken in 25 years. Smith. Taken in early fall. Parasites: Dibothrium manubriforme. Linton. Tetrapterus imperator ( Bloch & Schneider). Spear- fish. Baird, 1873 (Tetrapterus albidus); Goode, 1883, p. 303 (Tetrapterus albidus); Jordan and Ever mann, 1896, p. 892; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 76. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 751 Tetrapterus imperator Continued. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Quisset Harbor; generally rare; numbers taken in local traps, during July and August, from 1885 to 1890. Smith. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Ascaris incuna. Cestodes Dibothrium manubriforme , Tetra- rhynchus sp. (cysts). Family XIPHIID^E. Xiphias gladius Linnaeus. Swordfish. Storer, 1867, p. 72; Baird, 1873; Goode, 1883, p. 291; Goode, 18843, p. 336; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 894; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, P-77- Off Gay Head and No Mans Land, western end of Vineyard Sound; abundant enough to occupy a swordfishing fleet during the latter part of the summer. Present from July i to October; most common in July and August. Edwards. Taken by spearing from a "pulpit" on the bowsprit of a sloop or small schooner. Probably do not breed locally. Goode. Food: Fish and squid. Linton. In one speci men ii hake (i to 2 feet long) and i menhaden were found; in another, 9 menhaden; the food is, however, more commonly squid. Edwards. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris incur-ua. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium plicatum, Oto- bothrium crenacolle (cysts), Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynckobothrium attenu- atum, R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymor- phus, Tetrarkynchus bicolor (cysts), T. bisul- catus (cysts). Trematodes Distomum clava- tum, Tristomum coccineum, T. papillosum. Copepods (Linton) Philichthysxiphiee. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) Branchiella ramosa, Caligus chelifer, C. rapax, Chondracanthus mer- luccii, Penella costai, P.filosa. Family CARANGID/E. Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider). Leather jacket. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 898; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 77. Only four records for this region: Menemsha Bight traps in 1874 and August 13, 1875; break water, September, 1886; Newport, September, 1886. Smith. 16269 Bull. 31, pt 21314 Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus). Pilot-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 900; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 78. "Reported by Baird in 1871." Smith. Two others reported by Dr. Smith from Great Har bor, Woods Hole, September 9 and 10, 1898. The first was seined, the other caught off the wharf. Seriola zonata (Mitchill). Rudder-fish; pilot-fish. Baird, 1873 (Halalractus zonatus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 902; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Ken dall, 1908, p. 78. Vineyard Sound, Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Quis set Harbor, Hadley Harbor, Woods Hole, and elsewhere. Smith. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Rather common about piers, pound- net stakes, vessels, and under floating seaweed and eelgrass. Present from July to October. Taken by dip net, pound, and seine. Food: Menidia gracilis. Smith. Fish (probably butterfish ) . Linton . Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Ascaris incurva. Cestodes Tetrarhynchus bisukatus (cysts). Seriola lalandi Cuvier & Valenciennes. Amber- fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 903; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 79. Woods Hole, Menemsha Bight; most frequent at latter point, but never common. Edwards. A specimen which had been so labeled in the local collection is very doubtfully of this spe cies. Sumner. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Ascaris incurva. Cestodes Dibothrium sp. (larvae), Rhyncho- bothrium sp. (cysts). Trematodes Distomum sp., Gasterostomum sp. Seriola dumerili (Risso). Amber-fish, amber-jack. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 903; Smith and Kendall, 1898; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97. Buzzards Bay, under the same circumstances as 5. zonata, but of rare occurrence. Only two specimens recorded prior to 1898. Smith and Kendall. One taken in 1905. Edwards. Owing to the difficulty with which members of this genus are distinguished from one an other, all records of occurrence must be ac cepted with caution. Parasites: Synbothrium filicolle (cysts). Lin ton. 752 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Dccapterus punctatus (Agassiz). Round robin, scad, cigar-fish. Baird, 1873; Goode, i884a, p. 325; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 907; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Linton, 1901, p. 449; Kendall, 1908, p. 79. Woods Hole. Goode. Quisset Harbor. Smith. Little Harbor, August n, 1906; six in trap at Menemsha Bight, August 19, 1908. Ed wards. Woods Hole, October 10, 1908, four specimens. Apparently rare. Food: Copepods and annelids (young specimens only examined). Linton. Parasites: Dibothrium punctalum, Scolex poly- mot phus . Linton . Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mackerel scad. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 909; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Kendall, 1908, p. 79. Newport. Goode. Great Harbor, Vineyard Sound. Smith. Tisbury Pond, Hadley Har bor. Edwards. Common in the fall, when large numbers (several hundred in a seine haul ; 10 barrels in a trap) are sometimes taken, but not observed at other times. Smith. Mr. Edwards reports that these fish were still pres ent in large numbers in Woods Hole Harbor as late as November 22, 1908, but that they seemed nearly overcome with the cold at that time. Parasites (Linton): Cestodes Scolex polymor- phus, Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Tre- matodes Disiomum appendiculatum, D. m- tellosum. Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus). Saurel. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 910; Kendall, 1908, p. 80. Newport. Jordan and Evermann. Trachurops crumenopkthalmus (Bloch). Goggler, big-eyed scad. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 911; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 97; Linton, 1901, p. 449; Kendall, 1908, p. 80. Vineyard Sound, Great Harbor, Eel Pond, Tis bury Pond. Edwards. Common every fall. Recorded from August 7 to November 15. Taken in fyke nets and with the seine. Food: Annelids. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Ascaris (imma ture). Cestodes Dibothrium punctatum. Tre- matodes Distomum appendiculatum. Carangus bartkolomiEi (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Yellow jack. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 919 (Caranx bar- tholomcei); H. M- Smith, 1898, p. 98 (Caranx bartholoma i); Kendall, 1908, p. 80. Great Harbor in 1885 and 1897. Smith. Nau- shon (1904), Great Harbor (1906), Quisset Har bor (1906), Little Harbor (1906), Lamberts Cove (October, 1908). Edwards. Great Har bor, October 7, 1910, Little Harbor, September 25 and October 3, 1911. (Identified by Sum- ner, after comparison with specimens in the National Museum ) . Reported to have been less frequent formerly. Present from August to November. Taken by seine, fyke net, and trap. Carangus hippos (Linnaeus). Crevalle, horse cre valle. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 920 (Caranx hippos) , H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98 (Caranx hippos); Kendall, 1908, p. 81. Shores of Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole Harbor, Eel Pond, Katama Bay, Tisbury Pond; com mon. Edwards. Present from July i till the end of trap fishing; most numerous in Octo ber. Smith. Taken in traps and seines. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhyncktis proteus. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. Carangus crysos (Mitchill). Yellow crevalle, hard- tail. Baird, 1873 (Paratractus pisquetos); Bean, 1884 Caranx chrysus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 921 (Caranx crysos); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98 (Caranx crysos); Linton, 1901, p. 450 (Ca ranx crysos) ; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508 (Caranx crysos); Kendall, 1908, p. Si. Shores of Buzzards Bay, Katama Bay, few in Sound. Edwards. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Present from July i till end of the trap season. Taken in traps and seines. Food : Shrimps very abundant in food in August (only young fish examined). Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus pristis. Nematodes (Linton) Hete- rakisfotieolata. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium sp. (larvse). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch). Cobbler-fish, threadnsh. Baird, 1873 (Blepharichthys crinUus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 931; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Kendall, 1908, p. 81. Newport. Bean. Buzzards Bay; not common, 2 or three being taken every year. Edwards. Two reported in 1901 . Recorded from June 15 to November. Taken in traps. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 753 Vomer setipinnis (Mitchill). Moonfish, horsefish, dollar-fish. (Goode records the picturesque vernacular name "humpbacked butterfish".) Cope, 1870 (Vomer curtus); Baird, 1873; Goode 18843, p. 322, (Selene setipinnis); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 934; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Kendall, 1908, p. 82. Woods Hole. Goode. Newport. Cope. Buz zards Bay, Vineyard Sound; rare to common, appearing during August and remaining during September. Smith. Taken in traps. Selene vomer (Linnaeus). Moonfish, lookdown, dol lar-fish. Storer, 1867, p. 78 (A rgyreiosu s capillaris); Goode, 18843, p. 323 (Selene argentea); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 936; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 508; Kendall, 1908, p. 82. Woods Hole. Goode. Buzzards Bay, Tisbury Pond. Edwards. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Not common. Taken during Sep tember and October. Traps and seines. Trachinotus jakalus (Linnaeus). Round pompano. Storer, 1867, p. 280 (Trachinolus ovatus); Baird, 1873, (Trachinotus ovatus); Goode, 18843, p. 329 (Trachinotus ovatus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 941; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Ken dall, 1908, p. 83. Vineyard Haven. Goode. Katama Bay, Lack eys Bay, Great Tisbury Pond, Great Harbor, Quisset Harbor, Nobska Beach. Edwards. The young are very common some years (e. g., 1908); no adults taken. Recorded from July to October 18. Edwards. Taken by seine. Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann . Permit, black-finned pompano. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 943; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Kendall, 1908, p. 83. Nobska Beach and other places. Edwards. Rare; not observed every year; recorded in September, 1894 and 1897; onlyyoungtaken. Smith. Caught by seine. Trachinotus argenteus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Silvery pompano. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 944; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Kendall, 1908, p. 84. One taken by seine at Nobska Beach September 7, 1885. Baird, cited by Smith. Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus). Common pom pano. Baird, 1873; Goode, 18843^.327; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 944; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509; Ken dall, 1908, p. 84. Trachinotus carolinus Continued. Woods Hole as early as 1863. Baird, cited by Goode. Nobska Beach, West Falmouth. Edwards. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Young common; adults not observed for 10 years. Smith. Present from latter part of July till end of September. Smith. Taken with seine. Family POMATOMID^. Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus). Bluefish. Storer, 1867, p. 82 (Temnodon saltator); Baird, in first report United States Fish Commissioner, p. xxm; Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516; Bean, 1884; Goode, 18843, p. 433; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 946; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98; Linton, 1901; Sherwood, and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509; Kendall, 1908, p. 84. Common throughout the region. They first appear in Vineyard Sound from the middle of May to the first week in June. Goode. Most numerous in July and October. Edwards. Mr. G. H. Sherwood reports that on July 12, 1901, over 200 were taken from the United States Fish Commission "Bay trap " (near Woods Hole station), and that a school 4 or 5 miles long and over a mile wide was noted in Narr3g3nsett Bay, remaining for about 10 days. In 1908, reported as more common in Vine yard Sound than for many years. A few have well-developed spawn on arrival. Smith. Young ij.^ inches long; ordinarily first seen in July, though noted as early as May 29, in 1903. Edwards. Food: Some taken in August contained Loligo pealii and various fishes. Verrill and Smith. Fish (hake, herring, scup, cunner), and squid; in younger individuals smaller fish, as a rule, but shrimps and amphipods were also found. Linton . Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echinor- hynchus lateralis, E. proteus, E. sagittifer. Nematodes (Linton) Ichthyonema globiceps, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium crassiceps, Otobothrium dipsacum, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Synboth- rium filicolk (cysts), Tetrarhynchus bisukatus (cysts), T. erinaceus (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum monticellii, D. ocreatum, D. vitellosum, D. sp., Microcotyle pomatomi, M. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus schistonyx, Lernanthropus pomatomi. For growth of young and other notes of interest, see Sherwood and Edwards, 1901. 754 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family RACHYCENTRID*. Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus). Crab-eater, cobia. Baird, 1873 (Elecate canadus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 948; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 98, 1899; Linton, 1899; Kendall, 1908, p. 85- Buzzards Bay, Menemsha Bight; rare, less com mon than formerly. Edwards. A specimen 4^ feet long, and weighing over 60 pounds, was taken in the United States Fish Commission trap in Buzzards Bay, July 18, 1899. Smith. Records for July and September. Taken in traps. Food: Fish (squeateague, etc.). Linton. Parasites: Ascaris inquies. Linton. Family CORYPH/ENID^B. Coryphcena hippurus Linnseus. Dolphin. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 952; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Kendall, 1908, p. 85. Vineyard Sound, Menemsha Bight; adults very rare, a few young taken nearly every year in floating gulfweed. Smith. Recorded for July and August. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Ascaris incres- cens. Cestodes Tetrarhynchus bicolor (cysts). Trematodes Distomum tornatum. Family BRAMHXB. Brama rail (Bloch). Pomfret. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 959. No Mans Land, one specimen taken in trap at Bureau of Fisheries camp, August 9, 1904, this being the only record for the region. (Identified by H. M. Smith). Family CENTROLOPmD/B. Centrolophus niger (Gmelin). Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 214 (Centrolophus pom- pilus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 963; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Kendall, 1908, p. 86. Off Dennis, Mass., one specimen 9 inches long taken November 23, 1888. Goode and Bean. A southern European fish. Palinurichthys perciformis (Mitchill). Rudder-fish, polefish. Storer, 1867, p. 75 (Palinurus perciformis); Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515; Bean, 1884 (Lirus perciformis ); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 964; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Linton, 1899; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509; Kendall, 1908, p. 86. Palinurichthys perciformis Continued. Common and generally distributed in local wa ters, being found in gulfweed and other floating objects or under anything adrift. Nan- tucket. Sharp and Fowler. Present from the last of June till October. Smith. Food: One specimen taken in August contained young Squilla empusa and young Loligo pealii. Verrill and Smith. Squid, small crus taceans, univalve mollusks, also Salpa and green algse, in two fishes taken at Menemsha, September i. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus prislis. Nematodes Ascaris habena, Lecanocephahis annulatus. Cestodes Diboth- rium punctatum, Scolex polymorphus. Trema todes Distomum pyriforme, D. sp. Family STROMATEID^S. Nomeus gronomi (Gmelin). Portuguese-man-of- war-fish . Jordan and Evermann , 1896, p. 949; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Kendall, 1908, p. 87 (Gobio- morus gronomi). Vineyard Sound ; taken with the Portuguese man of-war (Physalia). Recorded for July and August, 1889, and July, 1894 (common on latter occasion); not observed otherwise. Smith. Peprilus paru (Linnseus). Harvest-fish, long- finned butter-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 965 (Rhombus paru); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99 (Rhombus paru); Kendall, 1908, p. 87. Buzzards Bay, Menemsha Bight, usually rare, occasionally common, 300 or 400 being re corded for one season. Smith. A half dozen taken in 1901; fairly common in 1908. Pres ent during June and July. Taken in traps. Poronotus triacanthus (Peck). Butter-fish. Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884 (Stromateus triacanthus); Goode, i884a, p. 333 (Stromateus triacanthus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 967 (Rhombus triacanthus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99 (Rhom bus triacanthus); Bumpus, 18983, p. 59 (Rhom bus triacanthus); Linton, 1901, p. 453 (Rhom bus triacanthus); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509 (Rhombus triacanthus); Kendall, 1908, p. 87. Abundant along shores generally, occurring from early summer till late fall. There is an espe cial run in June lasting one or two weeks. Smith. The advance guard (in 1898) arrived May ii at Cuttyhunk. Bumpus. Caught for BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 755 Poronotus triacantkus Continued. the market in fish traps; also taken in the seine. The young are often observed swim ming under jellyfish. A young specimen taken with the dredge at Fish Hawk station 7740. Spawns in June. Bumpus. Food: Fish. Smaller specimens were found by Dr. Linton to contain copepods, annelids, and small fish, and in September principally amphipods. " Parasites : (Linton) Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus, E. sagittifer. Nematodes Heterakis sp., Ichthyonema sp., Lecanocephalus annulatus, immature nematodes. Cestodes Dibothrium angitstalum, Otobothrium crenacolle (cysts), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvse), Tetrarhynckus bisulcatus (cysts), T. erinaceus (cysts), T. sp. (cysts). Trematodes Dislo- mum gulosum, D. sp., Microcotyle sp., Monos- iomum sp. Protozoa sporocyst in liver. A parasitic isopod (Nerocila munda) has also been found upon this fish by Messrs. Linton and Osburn. The attractiveness of this delicately flavored fish for the table is frequently diminished by the presence of abundant cestode cysts throughout its muscles. Family TETRAGONURID^E. Tetragonuruscuvieri~Risso. Squaretail, sea raven. Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 230; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 976; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; 1899; Kendall, 1908, p. 88. Woods Hole, November 10, 1890. Goode and Bean. Vineyard Sound, August i, 1899. Smith. In the latter case the specimen was taken with the dip net among floating rock- weed. These are the only two records locally. Until 1890 known only from the coast of southern France and Madeira Islands. Family CHEILODIPTERIM. Apogonimbcrbus(i,in.nxMs). Kingof the mullets. Cope, 1870 (A. americanus); Jordan and Ever- mann, 1896, p. 1107; Kendall, 1908, p. 95. Newport. Cope . Apogon maculatus (Poey). King of the mullets Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1109; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 95. Newport. Cope. Katama Bay, n specimens taken in the seine from September i to 16, 1899. Smith. Family Roccus lineatus (Bloch). Striped bass, rockfish. Storer, 1867, p. 6 (Labrax lineatus); Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 514; Goode, 18843, p. 425; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1132; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 455; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 509; Kendall, 1908, p. 95. Vineyard Sound. Goode. Cuttyhunk, Woods Hole breakwater (many small formerly), Tarpaulin Cove trap (30 or 40 in 1908). Edwards. Nantucket, rare. Sharp and Fowler. Not common recently. Present from May i to November i , most frequent in June. Smith. This fish does not appear to spawn locally. Food: Ulva latissima, remains of a fish, Cancer irroratus, Homarus americanus. Verrill and Smith. A few fish scales noted in stomach contents . Linton . Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus, E. proteus. Nematodes (Lin ton) Ascaris sp. (immature), Filaria rubra, Ichthyonema sp., Lecanocephalus annulatus. Cestodes (Linton) Rhynchobothrium speciosum (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum tenue, D. tornatum. Copepods(C. B. Wilson). Ergasilus labracis, Caligus rapax. Morone americana (Gmelin). White perch. Baird, 1873; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1134; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; Linton, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 96. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, and brackish ponds connected therewith; abundant, espe cially in Tashmoo Pond. Occurs along shores in undiluted sea water from fall till early spring, when large specimens are taken. Edwards. Resident (landlocked) in some fresh-water ponds. Taken in traps and with the seine. Spawns in ponds in May and June. Smith. Food: Fish, shrimps, and other Crustacea. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Ancanthocephala Echino- rhynchus cla-v&ceps, E. thecatus, E. sp. Nema todes Heterakis sp., Lecanocephalus annula tus. Trematodes Distomum areolatum, D. tenue lenuissime, D. mtellosum, D. sp., cysts with trematode ova. Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck). Rock hind. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1152; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 97. One young specimen seined at Katama Bay September 19, 1899. 756 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Epinephelus niveatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Spotted grouper, snowy grouper. Cope, 1870 (Hyporthodus flavicauda); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1156; Smith and Kendall, 1898; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 99; 1899; igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. 97. Woods Hole, Great Harbor, Menemsha Bight, Cuttyhunk, Edgartown, Katama Bay, Tisbury Pond. Newport. Cope. Not rare locally. First reported in 1895; upward of 75 in 1899. Smith. One in 1906. Edwards. None of this or any other species of grouper reported in 1908. Recorded from August 15 till November. Taken by seine, fyke net, lobster pot, and dredge. Epinephelus mono (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Red grouper. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1160; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900, igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. 98. Katama Bay, seven young specimens seined in 1899; one in 1900; September i to 26. Smith. Garrupa nigrita (Holbrook). Black jewfish. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1161; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 98. Katama Bay, a number of specimens seined in September, 1899; these were young and the identification consequently uncertain. Smith. Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey). Black grouper. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1174; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900, 19013; Kendall, 1908, p. 98. Katama Bay and Eel Pond. One specimen in 1899, one in 1900. Smith. Two taken in 1901. Edwards. Recorded for August, Sep tember, and October. Taken with seine. ? Mycteroperca interstitialis (Poey). Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1178; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900 (M. interstitialis); 1901 a, (M. uenenosa); Kendall, 1908^.99. Katama Bay, 10 specimens seined in Septem ber and October, 1899; others in 1900. Smith. Tisbury Great Pond in 1906. Edwards. Re corded as early as August, and as late as Octo ber 20. Centropristes striatus (Linnaeus). Sea bass. Storer, 1867, p. 10 (Centropristes Tiarius); Baird, 1873, (Centropristes atrarius); Verrill and Smith , 1873 (Centra pristis fuscus); Bean, 1884 (Cen- troprisiis nigricans); Goode, 18843, p. 407 (Serranus atrarius) , Wilson, 1891, p. 209 (Ser- ranus atrarius); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1199; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; Smith, 1898, Centropristes striatus Continued. p. 100; Linton, 1901; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Ken dall, 1908, p. 99. In deeper waters locally, common though de creasing in numbers. Nantucket, 10 barrels in one day in 1903. Sharp and Fowler. The sea bass arrives about the middle of May. Wilson. Present from May to October, most abundant from July to September. Smith. First seen (in 1898) on May 10; abundant on the 1 2th. Bumpus. Taken in traps and on lines. Small specimens dredged by the Sur vey in the eastern end of Vineyard Sound and lower end of Buzzards Bay; 2 to 8 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7663 (i small), 7675 (2), 7760 (i small), 7766 (several small), 7769 (2 small), 7778 (2 small), 7781 (i). Phalarope station: 158 (i small). Spawns from middle of May to first of July. For occurrence of young, see Sherwood and Ed wards, 1901. Food: Cancer irroratus, Panopeus sayi, three species of fishes, Loligo pealii. Verrill and Smith. Fish, squid, crabs (Pagurus, Pano peus, Oiialipes, etc.). Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus proteus, E. sagitiifer, E. aurantiacus, E. sp., Nematodes (Linton) Filaria rubra. Cestodes (Linton) Rhynchobothrium impari- spine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum globiporum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus mutabilis. Rypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill). Cope, 1870 (Promicropterus decoratus); Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1233; Kendall, 1908, p. 100. Newport. Cope. Family Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch). Flasher, triple-tail. Baird, 1873; Goode, 18843, pp. 444; Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1235; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 457; Kendall, 1908, p. 100; Sumner, 1909, p. 984. Woods Hole. Baird. Menemsha, very rare, having been observed on only a few occasions, viz, August, 1873; December, 1875; Septem ber, 1886; August, 1890. Smith. One taken at Nantucket, August 15, 1908. Taken in traps. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus pristis. Nematodes Ichthyonema globiceps. Cestodes Synbothrium filicolle (cysts). Trematodes Gasterostomum ovatum. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 757 Family PRIACANTHID/E. Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier & Valenciennes. Ca- talufa, big eye. Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 1237; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; Kendall, 1908, p. 100. Newport. Jordan and Evermann. Ouisset Harbor, Katama Bay. Edwards. Specimen in museum, from Woods Hole, dated Novem ber 2, 1885. Present in the fall, taken by seine. Pseudopriacanthus allus (Gill).b Short big eye. Cope, 1870 (Priacanthus altus); Jordan and Ever mann, 1896, p. 1239; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; 1899; igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. 101. Newport. Cope. Katama Bay, many taken in September, 1899. Since then they have oc casionally been taken in the vicinity of Woods Hole. Family LUTIANID^E. Lutianus griseus (Linnaeus). Gray snapper, man grove snapper. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100 (Neomcenis griseus); 19013, (Neomcenis griseus); Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 1255 (Neomcenu griseus); Ken dall, 1908, p. iqi. Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Katama Bay; a rare straggler, two being taken in 1897, five in 1900. Smith. Tisbury Great Pond, in 1906. Edwards. Recorded for August, September and October. Taken with seine. Lutianus jocu (Bloch & Schneider). Dog snap per. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100 (Neomcenis jocu); Jor dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1257 (Neomtznis jocu); Kendall, 1908, p. 101. One young specimen seined in the Eel Pond September 21, 1897. Lutianus apodus (Walbaum). Schoolmaster. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100 (Neomcenis apodus); igoia (Neomcenis apodus); Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 1258 (Neomcenis apodus); Ken dall, 1908, p. 101. Woods Hole, September 20, 1888; Katama Bay, August 29 and September n, 1900. Smith. Again, August, 1901. Edwards. Taken with seine ; all young specimens. Lutianus blackfordii (Goode & Bean). Red snap per. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100 (Neomcenis aya); igoia (Neomiznis blackfordi); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1264 (Neomcenis aya); Kendall, 1908, p. 102. Menemsha, in trap, October 10, 1890; seined at Katama Bay, September and October, 1900. Smith. Only young specimens taken. Lutianus analis (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Mut ton-fish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; 1899; igoia (Neo mcenis analis); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1265 (Neomcenis analis) ; Kendall, 1908, p. 102. Woods Hole, seven specimens in 1876; Quisset Harbor, two in 1897 ; Katama Bay, twenty in 1899, twenty in 1900. Smith. Tisbury Great Pond, one in 1906. Edwards. Recorded for August, September, and October. Taken with seine. The largest of the 1900 specimens were 2 inches long. Smith. Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch). Yellow-tail. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1275; H. M. Smith, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 102. Katama Bay, one young specimen taken with seine, October 4, 1900. Smith. Family HJBMVLIDJE. Orthopristis chrysopterus (Linnaeus). Pigfish, sail or s choice. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1338 (Long Island to Rio Grande); Sumner, 1909, p. 984. One specimen, 8^ inches long, taken in trap at Lamberts Cove, October 21, 19084 Family SPARID^E. chrysops (Linnaeus). Scup, porgy. Stenotomus [Chart 201.] Storer, 1867, p. 50 (Pagrus argyrops); Baird, 1873 (Stenotomus argyrops); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515 (Stenotomus argyrops); Bean, 1884; Goode, 18843, p. 386 (Stenotomus versicolor and S. gardeni); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1346; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 100; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; Linton, 1899; Sher wood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 103. " Owing to a typographical error, this species instead of the next was designated as "short big eye " in Dr. Smith s list of Woods Hole fishes. This error has resulted in uncertainty regarding some of the records furnished by Mr. Edwards for this and the following species, and such records have accordingly been omitted. 6 See preceding footnote. 758 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Stenotomus chrysops Continued. Abundant everywhere, being taken from May i to the latter part of October; most abundantly in June and July. An important item in the local trap fishery. Small specimens were taken during the Survey dredging throughout Vineyard Sound and the lower half of Buzzards Bay, in waters of 3 to 17 fathoms depth. Fish Hawk stations: 7548 (many), 7554 (many), 7567 (few), 7569 (2), 7570 (few), 7574 (i), 7575 (i), 7576 (many), 7578 (many), 7579 (many), 7580 (many), 7582 (several), 7583 (i), 7584 (i), 7593 (many), 7594 (few), 7597 (i), 7598 (i), 7599 (i), 7602 (few), 7615 (i), 7643 (i), 7654 (i), 7656 (many), 7657, 7660 (several), 7673 (several), 767S (i). 7734 (i), 7739 ( 2 ). 774i (i), 7757 (i), 7759 (0. 77 61 (several), 7765 (2), 7767 (few), 777 2 ( J ). 7774 (2), 7777 (several), 7778 (few), 7780 (many), 7781 (few), 7782 (several), 7783 (many). Spawns early in June. For growth of young, see Sherwood and Edwards, 1901. Food: All kinds of small Crustacea, annelids, bi valve and univalve mollusks, etc. Verrill and Smith. Small fish and squid, also annelids, crabs, shrimps, amphipods, mollusks, hy- droids, young sea urchin, holothurians, vege table debris, copepods, small Crepidula. Lin ton . Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus, E. sagittifer. Nematodes (Lin- ton) Ascaris sp. (immature). Cestodes (Lin- ton) Rhynchobothrium imparispine, R. longi- spine (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), Scolex poly- morphus (larvae), Tetrarhynchus bisukatus (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum appendiculatum, D. mtellosum, D. sp., Micro- cotylestenotomi. Khynchobdellida (Linton) Pontobdella rapax. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus). Sailor s choice, pinfish. Goode, 18843, p. 393; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1358; Kendall, 1908, p. 103. Woods Hole. Goode. Quisset Harbor, Great Harbor, Tisbury Great Pond, Eel Pond. Edwards. A specimen ioj^ inches long taken in Buzzards Bay in 1899. Smith. Ordinarily scarce; common throughout the region in 1906. Recorded from June till October 25. Taken with the seine. Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum). Sheeps- head. Storer, 1867, p. 49 (Sargus avis); Goode, 18843, p. 381 (Diplodus probatocephalus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1361; Linton, 1901, p. 459; Kendall, 1908, p. 104. Wareham. Goode. Buzzards Bay. Edwards. Very uncommon of late, though said to have formerly been quite common. Recorded for July and August. Taken by line. Parasites: Echinorhynchus proteus. Linton. Family Eucinostomus gula (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Sil ver jenny, Irish pompano. Goode, 18843, p. 279 (Gerres argenteus) ; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1370; Kendall, 1908, p. 104. Woods Hole. Goode. Ouisset Harbor, Eel Pond; usually very uncommon, but small specimens were taken on a number of dates during August, September, and October, 1897. Smith. Family KYPHOSID^E. Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus). Rudder-fish, Ber muda chub. Baird, 1873 (Pimelepturusboscii); Goode, 18843, p. 394 (Cyphosus boscii); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1387; Kendall, 1908, p. 104. Woods Hole. Goode. Quisset Harbor, Tisbury Great Pond. Edwards. Not rare in summer and fall, occasionally met with in April. Smith. Taken seining; sometimes found among gulf weed at surface. Parasites: Caligus rapax. C. B. Wilson. Kyphosus incisor (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1386 (not re corded locally). One specimen taken in trap at Nantucket, Oc tober 31, 1906 (sent to G. M. Gray and identi fied by H. M. Smith). Family Cynoscion regalis (Bloch & Schneider). Sque- teague, weakfish, sea trout. Storer, 1867, p. 45 (Otolithus regalis); Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1407; Linton, 1899; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901 ; Sharp and Fow ler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 105. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 759 Cynoscion regalis Continued. Abundant throughout region , being the principal food fish taken in local traps. Commonly present from May till the middle of October. First in 1898 taken in April. Bumpus. In 1901 they were reported as very late in appear ing, the first being noted June 14. The sque- teagne was unusually scarce in 1908. Ed- wards. Spawn about June i. Young i% inches long taken in July. Smith. For migration and occurrence of young, see Sherwood and Ed wards, 1901. Food: Local specimens taken in July often con tained Ovalipes ocellatus and Loligo pealii. Verrill and Smith. Fish (menhaden, butter- fish) and squid; shrimps and amphipods occa sionally. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rkynchus acus, E. pristis, E. proteus, E. sagit- tifer. Immature nematodes. Cestodes Oto- bothrium crenacolle (cysts), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), R. sp. (cysts) Scolex polymorphous (larvae), Synboth- rium filicolk (cysts), Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts), T. erinaceus (cysts). Trematodes Distomum appcndiculatum, D. monticellii, D. polyorchis, D. pyriforme, D. mtellosum, Micro- cotyle longicauda, M. sp. Larimus fasciatus Holbrook. Banded drum. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1424; Kendall, 1908, p. 105. Buzzards Bay, at breakwater, a specimen 8 inches long taken August 13, 1889. Smith. Sciasnops ocellatus (Linnaeus). Red drum; chan nel bass; redfish. H. -M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 1453; Linton, 1901, p. 461; Kendall, 1908, p. 106. Buzzards Bay, in trap at breakwater; one (the only recorded) taken in 1894. Smith. Parasites: Ascaris sp. (immature). Linton. Leiostomus xanthurus (Lacepede). Spot, goody. Baird, 1873 (Liostomus obliqutis); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1458; Kendall, 1908, p. 106. Woods Hole Harbor, Tisbury Great Pond. Edwards. Small specimens common in the fall, being observed throughout October. Smith. Taken in traps, seines, and fyke nets. Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus). Croaker. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101, Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 1461; Kendall, 1908, p. 106. Only one taken; September 9, 1893, in Buzzards Bay trap at breakwater. Smith. Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider). King fish, sea mink. Baird, 1873 (Menticirrhus nebulosus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515 (Menticirrhus nebulosus); Goode, 18843, p. 375, 376 (Menticirrhus nebu losus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1475; Linton, 1901, p. 461; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 107. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Vineyard Ha ven. Adults common in June, uncommon after July 1 5 ; young found till early October. Smith. Large fish taken in traps, young with the seine. Adults full of spawn in June. Smith. Food: Crago septemspinosus, Cancer irroraius, Loligo pealii. Verrill and Smith. Amphipods, _ isopods, shrimps, annelids, young fish, bryo- zoa. Linton. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris sp. (im mature). Cestodes (Linton) Rhynchoboth rium bulbifer (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes (Lin ton) Distomum areolatum, D. globiporum, D. pyriforme, D. mtellosum, D. sp. Linton. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus). Drum. Goode, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 101; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1482; Kendall, 1908, p. 107. Quisset Harbor, in September and October, very rare; one (locality unstated) recorded for May. Smith. Taken in traps. Family POMACENTRID^E. Eupomacentrus leucostictus (Miiller & Troschel). Cocky pilot. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1555; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 108. Katama Bay, nine specimens seined between August 30 and October 4, 1899. Smith. Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus). Cocky pilot. Cope, 1870 (Glyphidodon saxatilis); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1561; Kendall, 1908, p. 108. Newport . Cope . Family L ABRIDGE. Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum). Gunner, chogset. [Chart 202.] Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884 (Ctenolabrus adspersus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 102; Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 1577; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 462; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 108. 76o BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Tauiogolabrus adspersus Continued . Taken everywhere and in large numbers, espe cially under wharves and around piers. A. resident fish, said to take refuge among eelgrass in winter. Caught with seine, fyke, small trap, or hand line. Dredged by the Survey (chiefly young specimens) throughout Vine yard Sound and Buzzards Bay, in waters of 2 ? to 20 fathoms depth. Fish Hawk stations: 7521 bis (i), 7525 i (small), 7543 bis (i small), 7548 (i), 7556 (i small), 7564 (i small), 7572 (i large, i small), 7580 (i), 7608 (i small), 7610 (i small), 7615 (2 very small), 7619 (several), 7622 (several young), 7624 (sev eral young), 7626 (several small), 7633, 7637 (i very small), 7638 (i very small), 7643 (few small), 7644 (2 large, several small), 7663 (i), 7671 (several), 7675 (3), 7688 (i small), 7689 (5), 7720(1), 7721 (several), 7742 (i small), 7745 (i medium), 7750 (i), 7759 (2), 7762 (many), 7763 (several), 7764 (very many), 7767 (many small), 7768 (i), 7778 (i medium). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 3 (i small), 48 (i small), 60 (i), 73 (i), 75 (i), 130 (i small), 136. Spawns in June and early July. Young taken in tow from June to October, being most abundant in June and July. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Seaweed, hydroid stems, bryozoa, tuni- cates, annelids, small Crustacea (Caprella, shrimps, etc.), univalve mollusks. Linton. In order of frequency: Amphipods, eelgrass, snails, prawns, small fishes (silversides, stickle backs, pipefish, etc.), Botryllus, rock crab, algae, teleost eggs, lady crabs, hydroicls, Nereis, hermit crab, isopods, Soleyma velum, bryozoa. I. A. Field. Parasites (Linton): Immature nematodes. Ces- todes Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). Trematodes immature distotnes in skin, Dis- tomum areolatum, D. miellosum, D. sp. This species is sometimes destroyed in great numbers during severe winters. Mr. Ed wards states that barrels of dead cunners were found floating in the water after " anchor ice, " February, 1901. Tautoga onitis (Linnseus). Tautog, blackfish. Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 515, Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 102, Jor dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1578; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 463; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 108. Tautoga onitis Continued. Abundant everywhere and at all seasons through out the region. Taken in traps and on hand lines; the young frequently caught in the seine. Spawns in June and July. Young taken in tow in June, July, and August. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Cancer irroratus, Pagurus longicarpus, Pa- gurus pollicaris, Panopeus depressus, P. sayi, Ovalipes ocellatus, Pelia mutica, Homarus americanus, Balanus crenatus, Loligo pealii, Crepidula fornicata, C. plana, Triforis nigro- cinctus, Area pexata, Pecten gibbus borealis, Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, Nucula proximo, Mya arenaria, Petricola pholadiformis, Bittium alternatiim, Tritia trimttata, Echina- rachnius parma, Crisia eburnea, Styela partita, Didemnum lutarium. Verrill and Smith. A great variety of crabs and mollusks; in young specimens, seaweed, small Crustacea, mollusks, and annelids. Linton. Astonishing as it may seem , the tautog unquestionably devours sessile barnacles of considerable size. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus. Cestodes Rhynchobothrium hispidum (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes Distomum -vitellosum, D. sp., Microcotyle hiatulae, immature distomes in skin. Mr. Edwards reports that great numbers of this fish, like the preceding species, were killed (by "anchor ice") in February, 1901 (see note above). Family SCARID^. Sparisoma flavescens (Bloch & Schneider). Parrot- fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1639; H. M. Smith, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. no. One specimen picked up on shore of Buzzards Bay, November 13, 1900. Smith. Scams croicensis (Bloch.) Parrot-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1650; H. M. Smith, 1901, Kendall 1908, p. no. Katama Bay, two specimens seined October 20, 1900. Smith. Family EPHTPPID^E. Chcetodipterus faber (Broussonet). Angel -fish, spadefish. Goode, i884a, p. 445-446; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 102; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1668; Linton, 1901, p. 463; Kendall, 1908, p. in. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 7 6l Chfetodipterus faber Continued . Woods Hole, several. Goode. Menemsha, in traps, August and September ; very rare. Tis- bury Great Pond, one seined in October, 1906. Edwards. Parasites (Linton): Nematodes Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes Rhynchobothrium speciosum (cysts), Tretrarhynchus sp. (cysts). Family CH-BTODONTID^E. Chastodoncapistratus Linnaeus. Butterfly-fish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. ion (Chcetodon bricei), p. 103 (C. striatus); 1899; i9oia(C. bricei); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1677 (C. capitstratus) , p. 1678 (C. bricei); Kendall, 1908, p. in. Quisset Harbor, Great Harbor, Eel Pond, Ka- tama Bay. Common in Katama Bay in 1899; few prior to that date; 35 taken in 1900. Smith. Only a few taken since then. Ed wards. Recorded for August, September, and October. Taken with seine. This and other members of the genus taken lo cally are undoubtedly stragglers from southern waters. Chattodon ocellatus Bloch. Parche, butterfly-fish. Cope, 1870 (Sarothrodus maculocinctus) ; H.M. Smith, 1898, p. 102; 1899; 1901 a; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1674; Kendall, 1908, p. in. Katama Bay, Woods Hole, Tisbury Great Pond, a few specimens taken each year. Common at Katama Bay in 1899; 123 in 1900. Smith. Newport. Cope. Present from August till November. Seined among eelgrass. Family TEUTHIDID^E. Teuthis caruleus (Bloch & Schneider). Surgeon fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1691; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900; igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. 112. Katama Bay, a number seined in 1899; again in 1900. Smith. Recorded from August to Oc tober. Only young specimens noted. Teuthis hepatus Linnams. Surgeon-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1691; H. M. Smith, 1899; 1900; igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. 112. Katama Bay, a number seined in 1899; again in 1900, during same months as the preceding. Young specimens only. o What is now believed to be the young oE this species wa: Teuthis bahianus (Castelnau). Surgeon-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1693; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. 112. Katama Bay, a number seined in 1899; again in 1900, during same months as the preceding. Smith. Only young specimens. Family BALISTID^E. Batistes carolinensis Gmelin. Trigger-fish, leather- jacket. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann 1898, p. 1701; Kendall, 1908, p. 112. Menemsha Bight, in traps, during fall; very Balistes forcipatus Gmelin. Trigger-fish. Cope, 1870 (Balistes poiselli); Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 1702; Kendall, 1908, p. 113. Newport. Cope. Balistes Tietula Linnaeus. Trigger-fish, leather- jacket. Baird, 1873; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 103; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1703; Linton, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 113. Menemsha, in traps during September, some taken every year; young at the surface and along the shores of Vineyard Sound, during summer and fall. Smith. One at Menemsha, August i, 1908, one in Buzzards Bay trap, Woods Hole, July 29, 1908. Nantucket. Sharp and Fowler. Food: Amphipods, copepods, seaweed. Linton. Parasites: Distomum -vibex. Linton. Canthidermis sobaco Poey. Sobaco, trigger-fish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104 (C. asperrimus); Jor dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1705; Kendall, 1908, p. 113. Vineyard Sound, off Great Harbor; one speci- med taken in floating gulfweed, July 24, 1897. Family MONACANTHID^E. Monacanthus hispidus (Linnaeus). Foolfish, file- fish. Storer, 1867 (Monacanthus massachusettensis); Baird, 1873 (Stephanolepis setifer); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 1715; Linton, 1899; Kendall, 1908, p. 114. Eel Pond, Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Ka tama Bay, Great Harbor, Tisbury Pond. Ed- .s described by Smith as a new species, Chtztodon bricei. 7 62 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Monacanthus hispidus Continued . wards. Of variable abundance, sometimesvery common, occurring under gulfweed or in eel- grass or rockweed. One specimen dredged in Vineyard Sound, at Fish Hawk station 7778. This fish occurs locally from July to November. Only small specimens are taken, the maxi mum size being about 4 inches. Food: Hydroid stems. Linton. Alutera schoepfii (Walbaum). Orange filefish, fool- fish. Baird, 1873 (Alutera cuspicauda and Ceratacanthus aurantiacus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520 (Ceratacanthus aurantiacus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1718; Linton, 1901, p. 464; Kendall, 1908, p. US- Buzzards Bay, Eel Pond, Quisset Harbor, Tis- bury Great Pond. Edwards. Rather com mon during summer, being recorded from July to November 10. This fish frequents shores, especially near eelgrass, and is taken in traps (large specimens), seines (small ones); also in fyke nets. Food: One specimen in August was found to have eaten a large quantity of Pennaria. Verrill and Smith. Algse eaten in captivity. Smith. Hydroid stems. Linton. Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium aluteras, D. sp. (larvae), Otobothrium crenacolle (cysts), Rkynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts). Trema- todes (Linton) Distomum pallens, D. valde- inflatum, D. sp. Copepods (Rathbun) Lenaeo lop hits sultanus. Alutera monoceros (Linnaeus). Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1720; Smith, i8g8a, p. 544, 1899, 18993, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 115. One taken with seine at Woods Hole on August 22 1898, a second in trap at Meuemsha Bight August i, 1899. Smith. Family OSTRACHD^. Lactophrys triqueter (Linnaeus). Trunkfish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1722; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 115. Several specimens taken in 1899 also in 1897 and perhaps earlier; those collected previous to 1899 had been identified as L. trigonus. Smith. Taken seining; in one case washed ashore. Edwards. Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus). Trunkfish. Storer, 1867, p. 236 (Lactophrys yalei); Gill, 1873, p. 793; Baird, 1873 (after Storer); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1723; Kendall, 1908, p. 115. Vineyard Haven. Gill. Quisset Harbor, Great Harbor, Eel Pond. Edwards. Young (maxi mum i inch long) not uncommon, occurring under gulfweed or among eelgrass from July to October. Smith. Taken in tow nets or seines. Lactophrys tricornis (Linnaeus). Trunkfish, cow- fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1724; H. M. Smith, 1900, igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. 116. Katama Bay, several small specimens taken in September, 1899; two on October 4, 1900; one (i5j4 inches long) washed ashore at Cuttyhunk November 6, 1899. Smith. Family TETRAODONTID/E. Lagocephalus Icevigatus (Linnaeus). Smooth puffer. Storer, 1867, p. 225 (Tetrodon Icevigatus); Baird, 1873 (Tetrodon l&vigatits) , H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1728; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 464; Kendall, 1908, p. 116. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Woods Hole, Cedar Tree Neck, Menemsha Bight. Ed wards. Not very common, perhaps a half dozen each year, mostly during September and October. Smith. Several specimens in 1900. Sherwood and Edwards. Two in 1908. Taken in traps. Parasites (Linton) : Nematodes Ascaris sp. (im mature). Cestodes Dibothrium sp. (larvae), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes Distomum sp. Spheroides spengleri (Bloch). Southern puffer. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; 1899; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1732; Kendall, 1908, p. 117. Woods Hole, Katama Bay, taken with seine, very rare. Taken in 1899. Smith. Again in 1900. Edwards. Recorded for September and October. Spheroides maculatus (Bloch & Schneider). Swell- fish, puffer. [Chart 203.] Storer, 1867, p. 224 (Tetrodon turgidus); Baird, 1873 (Chilichthys turgidus); Bean, 1884 (Tetro don turgidus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jor dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1733; Bumpus, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 763 Spheroides maculaius Continued. 18983, p. 59; Linton, 1901, p. 464; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 510; Kendall, 1908, p. 117. Abundant everywhere in local waters, occurring from about May 20 to cold weather. Enor mously abundant in 1903, when perhaps sev eral thousand were taken in one set of the trap . Young puffers are seined throughout the sum mer. Occasionally specimens were dredged by the Survey throughout Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay. Fish Hawk stations: 7551 (i large), 7554 (i), 7602 (i small), 7619 (several small), 7633 (i), 7634 (i), 7654 (i), 7656 (i), Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 51 (i small), 158 (i small). Spawns from June i to 10. Smith. The eggs have been artificially fertilized in the labora tory. Small young abound in summer. Young taken in tow from June to August, chiefly in July. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Various Crustacea (crabs, hermit crabs, amphipods, shrimps), annelids, seaweed, vari ous mollusks (bivalve and univalve). Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton). Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris habena. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium sp. (larva;), Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. tumidu- lum (cysts), R. sp. (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Tetrarhynchus bisukatus (cysts), T. sp. (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum valdeinflatum, D. vibex, D. mtellosum. Cope- pods (Wilson) Tucca corpulentus. Spheroides testudineus (Linnaeus). Tambor, globe- fish. Cope, 1870, (Tetraodon geometricus); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1734; Kendall, 1908, p. 117. Newport. Cope. Spheroides trichocephalus (Cope). Cope, 1870 (Tetraodon trichocephalus); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1737; Kendall, 1908, p. 118. Newport. Cope. Family DIODONTID/E. Diodon hystrix Linnaeus. Porcupine-fish. Smith and Kendall, 1898; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 104; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1745; Kendall, 1908, p. 118. One specimen, 9 inches long, taken in trap in Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole station, Au gust 12, 1895. Chilomycterus schoepfi (Walbaum). Burrfish, por cupine-fish, rabbit-fish. Baird, 1873 (Chilomycterus geometricus); H. M Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1748, 1749; Linton, 1901, p. 455; Ken dall, 1908, p. 118. Buzzards Bay, Menemsha Bight, Great Harbor, Muskeget, Tisbury Pond. Edwards. Of irregular occurrence, but generally rare; more numerous than usual during summer of 1906. Present during September, October, and No vember. Taken in traps and seines. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris ne- glecta. Cestodes (Linton) Ligula sp. (larva). Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Tucca impressus. Chilomycterus antillarum Jordan & Rutter. Burr- fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1749; Smith, 1899; (not listed by Kendall). Ouisset Harbor, one specimen seined September 7, 1897. Smith. Katama Bay, September i, 1899, one small specimen; Great Harbor Woods Hole, November 2, 1910, one full-sized specimen taken in fyke net; Menemsha, Sep tember 16, 1911, one specimen. (Last three identified with fair certainty by F. B . Sumner) . Family MOLID^E. Mola mola (Linnseus). Sunfish. Baird, 1873 (Mola. rotunda); Bean, 1884 (Mola rotunda); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1753; Linton, 1901, p. 465; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 119. Vineyard Sound ; said to be much rarer now than formerly. Dr. Smith states that formerly 8 or 10 were commonly seen in a season, but in recent years seldom more than one. On July ii, 1900, a sunfish weighing about 250 pounds was harpooned by Dr. Bumpus in Vineyard Sound. Several were reported in local waters in 1908, though none of these were captured. Nantucket, rare. Sharp and Fowler. They appear during July and August and are some times captured with a harpoon. Food: Salpae, small amphipods. Linton. Large jelly fish. C. W. Stone. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echinor- hynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces todes (Linton) Dibothrium microcephalum, Tetrarhynchus elongatus. Trematodes (Lin- ton) Distomum contortum, D. foliatum, D. fragile, D. macrocotyle, D. nigroflavum, Tris- tomum mola;. Copepods (Rathbun) Cecrops latreilli, Lepeophtheirus normanni (C. B. Wil son) Anthosoma crassum, Penellafilosa. 764 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Sebastes marinus (Linnaeus). Rosefish, red perch. Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1760; Kendall, 1908, p. 119. Great Harbor, December 20, 1895; several speci mens stranded by the tide. Smith. Scorpcena plumieri Bloch. Scorpion-fish. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1848; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900, igoia; Kendall, 1908, p. I2O. Woods Hole, 20 specimens during August, Sep tember, and October, 1899; 2 in 1900. Smith. Scorpcena gmndicornis Cuvier & Valenciennes. Scorpion-fish, lionfish. Jordan and Evermann, 1908, p. 1850; H. M. Smith, 1899, 1900; Kendall, 1908, p. 120. Katama Bay, one specimen seined September 29, 1899. Smith. Family COTTID^. Myoxocephalus census (Mitchill). Sculpin, grubby. [Chart 204.] Baird, 1873 (Coitus mitchiUi); Bean, 1884 (Coi tus ceneus); Bumpus, 1898, p. 485 (Acantho- cottus cineus) , Mead, 1898, p. 702 (A. census); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105 (A. ceneus); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1972; Linton, 1901, p. 466; Kendall, 1908, p. 121. Shores and deeper waters everywhere, very com mon throughout the year. Taken with the seine and fyke net. Dredged by the Survey with considerable frequency throughout Vine yard Sound and along the eastern shore line of Buzzards Bay, in waters 2 to 15 fathoms deep. Fish Hawk stations: 7522 (i small), 7524(1 small), 7524 bis (2 very small), 7528 (i), 7530 (i), 7536 (2 small), 7543 bis (i small), 7547 bis (3 small), 7549 bis (2), 7653 (i), 7699 (i young), 7701 (i young), 7704 (i), 7722 (i small), 7739 (i), 7740 (2), 7760(4), 7761 (i small), 7762 (many small), 7767 (many small), 7777 (3 small). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 8 (2), 14 (i), 20 (i small), 24 (i), 27 (i), 29 (i), 32 (i very small), 34 (i), 36 (i), 38 (i), 44 (3), 50 (many small), 52 (few), 53 (many), 55 (i), 56 (i), 58, 59, 64 (i ?), 69 (i), 73 (i), 74 (i), 79, 83, 100 (small), 101 (small), 109, in (i), 113, 115 (i), 117 (i), 129 (i), 131 (2), 134 (i), 141 (i). Spawns all through the winter. Edwards. Eggs taken from nets and seaweed in March. Bumpus. Observed hatching April 2 7 , 1898. Mead. Young of sculpin (probably for the Myoxocephalus ceneus Continued. most part of this species) taken from January to May; most abundantly in March and April; a few recorded in October. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Annelids, copepods, shrimps, and young fish (flounders). Linton. Also crabs (Cancer and Pagurus) and Zostera. I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris clavata, A. habena, A. sp. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium punctatum, D. sp. (larvae), Rhyn- chobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum ap- pendiculatum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wil son) Argulus laticauda, A. megalops. Myoxocephalus grccnlandicus (Cuvier & Valenci ennes). Daddy sculpin. Storer, 1867, p. 26 (Acanthocottus -uariabilis); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105 (Acanthocottus grozn- landicus); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1974; Kendall, 1908, p. 122. Common from October to December or January, the occurrence being similar to that of the next species. Spawn in November and December. Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus (Mitchill). Eighteen-spined sculpin, long-spined sculpin. Baird, 1873 (Coitus octodecim-spinosus); Bean, 1884 (Coitus octodecimspinosus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105 (Acanthocottus octodecimspinosus); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 1976; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. "3- Shores and deeper water everywhere; very abundant from October to December or Janu ary. A few taken during the Survey dredging in Vineyard Sound and at Crab Ledge, in July August, and September. Fish Hawk stations: 7556 (i), 7608 (4), 7718 (3). Phalarope station 19. Spawns in November and December; eggs often come ashore by the bucketful on Nobska Beach. Smith. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rkynchus acus. Nematodes Ascaris clavata, A. habena. Cestodes Dibothrium punctatum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). Trema todes Distomum sp. At times this sculpin may be a pest to fishermen, taking bait intended for other fish. Edwards. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 765 Hemitripterus americanus (Gmelin). Sea raven. Baird, 1873 (Hemitripterus acadianus); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2023; Linton, 1901, p. 467; Kendall, 1908, p. 125. Great Harbor, Katama Bay, Great Pond, off Nan- tucket. Edwards. Common in October and November. Smith. Seined in May. Ed wards. Occasionally dredged in the western part of Vineyard Sound during July and Au gust. Survey. Fish Hawk stations: 7680 (i small), 7703 (i small), 7718 (3), 7731 (i). Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes Ascaris sp. Ces- todes Dibothrium punctatum, Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium impar- ispine (cysts). Trematodes Distomum sim plex. Family CYCLOPTERID^E. Cycloptcrus lumpus Linnaeus. Lumpfish, lump sucker. Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 2096; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 125. Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound, Great Harbor, Eel Pond. Adults common in spring when they are taken in traps, fyke nets, and seines; young found among driftweed throughout the summer till November. Two small specimens taken in tow net, June 5, 1905. Edwards. One young fish dredged near Gay Head at Blue Wing station 48. Spawns in April. Smith, Bumpus. Parasites: Caligus rapax. C. B. Wilson. Family LIPARIDID^E. Neoliparis atlanticus Jordan & Evermann. Sea snail. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105 (Neoliparis montagui); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2107 (sp. nov.); Kendall, 1908, p. 126. Fyke net at mouth of Little Harbor, in Decem ber. Edwards. Vineyard Sound, in Au gust. Survey. Apparently rare locally. Fish Hawk stations: 7536 (one, about i inch long, identified by B. W. Evermann), 7721 (one, identified by R. C. Osburn). Liparis liparis (Linnaeus). Sea snail. Bean, 1884 (Liparis lineatus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2116; Kendall, 1908, p. 127. Liparis liparis Continued. Woods Hole, at mouth of both harbors, on rocky bottom; common in winter, occasional in sum mer. Edwards. Found full of spawn in December and January. Smith. Two with spawn, March 26. Ed wards. Parasites: Undetermined cestode. Linton. Family TRIGUD.B. Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus). Sea robin, com mon gurnard. [Chart 205.] Storer, 1867, p. 18 (Prionotus palmipes); Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516; Goode, i8S4a, p. 255-258 (Prionotus palmipes); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2156; Bumpus, 18983; Linton, 1901, p. 470; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 127. Common everywhere in local waters, both in shore and at greater depths. About 1,000 taken in a trap in one day (May, 1898). Bumpus. Present from May or June till Oc tober or later. Smith. Dredged by the Sur vey throughout Vineyard Sound and the lower end of Buzzards Bay, in water 5 to 17 fathoms deep (mainly young specimens). Fish Hawk stations: 7542 (? i small), 7547 (i small), 7550(2 very small), 7553 (i very small), 7554 (many; all small but one), 7561 (i), 7562 (i), 7563 bis (i small), 7569 (2 small), 7574 (i), 7578 (i small), 7580, 7598 (i very small), 7617 (2 young, % inch?), 7653 (r young), 7656, 7657 (i), 7660, 7663 (i small), 7671 (i), 7673 (2), 7675 (several), 7733 (2 small), 7740 (2), 7741 (3), 7760 (i small), 7761 (many small), 7766 (few small), 7769 (many small), 7770 (i small), 7772 (i), 7774 (i). 7775 (i). 77?6 (i small), 7779 (i). Phalarope station 55 (i). Spawns in June and July and perhaps later. Bumpus reports that they were not yet in spawning condition May 16, 1898; F. R. Lillie (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) records having "stripped" them on July 25, 1890. Goode reported "nearly ripe eggs" as late as August 12. Young, 35 mm. long, taken August 5, 1891. Lillie. Young common in Waquoit Bay; occasionally taken in tow at Woods Hole, from May till August. Edwards. Food: Crago sepiemspinosus, a small flounder, amphipods, Panopeus sayi, Cancer irroratus, and several small fishes. Verrill and Smith. Crabs, shrimps, and small fishes. Goode. Shrimps in large numbers, amphipods and 766 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Prionotus carolinus Continued. other small Crustacea, squid, lamellibranch mollusks, annelids, seaweed, young clams (Mya), fish (young winter flounder and her ring.) Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris kabena, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin ton) Teirarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Trema- todes (Linton) Diplostomum sp., Distomum appendiculatum, D. mtellosum, D. sp. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus megalops. Prionotus strigatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes). Striped sea robin, red-winged sea robin. Storer, 1867, p. 16 (Prionotus lineatus); Baird, 1873 (Prionotus evolans); Bean, 1884 (Prio notus evolans); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2167; Bumpus, 18983, p. 59; Kendall, 1908, p. 128. Common everywhere, but less so than P. caro linus. Adults taken during May and June; young till November. Edwards. Caught in traps and with the seine. Spawns in summer. Ovaries enlarged, but not . ripe, May 13. Bumpus. Young % inch long and upward common throughout the sum mer. Smith. Parasites ( Linton) Acanthocephala Echino- rhyncus acus. Cestodes Rhynchobothrium im- parispine (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), Tetra- rhynchus bisukatus (cysts). Trematodes Dis tomum, sp. Family CEPHALACANTHID^. Cephalacanthus uolitans (Linnseus). Flying robin, flying gurnard. Storer, 1867, p. 22 (Dactylopterus iiolitans); Baird, 1873 (Dactylopterus -volitans); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2183; Kendall 1908, p. 129. Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound, late in the fall; a few every year, but not so common as formerly; Waquoit Bay, August 28, 1899, one specimen; Katama Bay, September i, 1899, two specimens. Smith. Hadley Harbor. Edwards. Taken in traps; sometimes washed ashore. Family GOBIID^E. Gobius stigmaticus (Poey). Goby. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2224. Tisbury Pond, one specimen seined October 4, 1906 (taken by V. N. Edwards, identified by H. M. Smith). Gobiosoma bosci (Lacepede). Goby. Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2259; Kendall, 1908, p. 129. Common throughout the summer in Buzzards Bay, at Scraggy Neck, Pocasset Harbor, and Quisset Harbor. Edwards. Mouth of Ware- ham River, at Phalarope station 158, one speci men. Survey. Taken with the seine or by dredge. Family ECHENEIDID^E. Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus. Shark suckei, re- mora. Baird, 1873 (Leptecheneis naucrates and L. nau- crateoides); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106 (Echeneis naucrates and E. naucrateoides); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2269 (Echeneis naucrates); p. 2270 (E. naucrateoides)-, Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 130 (Echeneis naucrates and E. naucrateoides). Buzzards Bay, in the Bureau s fish trap, not uncommon, several being taken nearly every summer. One caught in July, 1897, on hook and line, baited with clam. Smith. Nan- tucket, rare. Sharp and Fowler. Remora remora (Linnaeus). Remora. Baird, 1873 (Echeneis remora); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2271; Linton, 1901, p. 473; Kendall, 1908, p. 131. Buzzards Bay. Included by Baird in 1873 list. Rare and usually attached to large sharks. One taken September 14, 1898. Smith. Food: Fish, squid. Linton. Parasites: Cestodes (Linton) Rhynchobothrium speciosum (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum lageniforme, D. monticellii. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax. Remora brachyptera (Lowe). Swordfish sucker. Storer, 1867, p. 217 (Echeneis quatuordecimlami- natus); Baird, 1873 (Remoropsis brachyptera); Gill, 1873 (Remoropsis brachyptera); Bean, 1884 (Echeneis brachyptera); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2272; Kendall, 1908, p. 131. Vineyard Haven. Gill. North side of Nau- shon. Edwards. Listed as "rare" by Smith, but no data given. Parasites: Dionchus agassizi. Linton. Rhombochirus osteochir (Cuvier). Spearfish remora. Baird, 1873, H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2273; Kendall, 1908, p. 131. Included by Baird in 1873 list. A specimen taken in trap at Quisset Harbor August 6, 1886. Smith. No other records. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 767 Family MALACANTHID/E. Lopholatilus cham&leonticeps Goode Tilefish. & Bean. a Collins, 1884; Goode, 18843, p. 360; Bean, 1884; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 284; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2278; Bumpus, 1899; Lin- ton, 1901, p. 471. Southeast of No Mans Land on border of Gulf Stream, where it was originally discovered in 1879. Common at depths of 80 to 250 fath oms. Goode. Abundant before 1882, in the March and April of which year over a billion, according to estimate, died as a result of unu sual temperature conditions. Not taken again until 1892, after which time they apparently began to be more abundant. Taken on trawl lines. Spawns in July. Food: Preeminently a crab-eater, the intestines being sometimes filled with these; also found to have eaten squid, spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), menhaden, and other fish, Salpae, mollusks, annelids, holothurians, actinians. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus sp. Immature nematodes. Ces- todes Scolex polymorphic (larvae), Tetra- rhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Trematodes Dis- tomum fcecundum , D. ocreatum. A fair food fish, though no market for it has thus far been developed. Family BATRACHOIDID^E. Opsanus tau (Linnaeus). Toadfish. Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516 (Batrachus tau); Baird, 1873 (Batrachus tau); Bean, 1884 (Ba trachus tau); Rider, 1886, p. 77 (Batrachus tau); Clapp, 1891, p. 494 (Batrachus tau); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 105; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2315; Linton, 1901, p. 468; Kendall, 1908, p. 132. Common everywhere in shallow waters, under stones and among weeds; a resident fish, taken throughout the year. Ordinarily obtained with the seine. Spawns in June. Reported to be spawning as early as June 3, by Bumpus; as late as the mid dle of July by Ryder. In 1906 the spawning period, so far as observed by Dr. J. T. Pat terson, extended from June 12 to June 25; the young fish were found to break the capsule on the 26th day after fertilization, and to become a This fish does not properly belong to the Woods Hole fau interest. For history of our knowledge of the tilefish see Collins, 16269 Bull. 31, pt 2 13 15 Opsanus tau Continued. entirely free on the 42d day. One or both parents guard the eggs until hatched. Two females were taken by Mr. Edwards In Decem ber having theirovaries filled with large, seem ingly mature eggs. We know of no other evidence, however, that this fish spawns in winter. Food: One specimen taken locally in July con tained Cancer irroratus. Verrill and Smith. Mollusks (Littorina, Ilyanassa, Tritia, Urosal- pinx, Crepidula, Pecten) Crustacea (Cancer, Palamonetes, Pagurus); bones and fragments of fish, including other toadfish, found in stomach. Linton. In order of frequency: Pagurus longicarpus in Littorina shells, Cancer irroratus, Panopeus depressus, Ovalipes, Pal- mmoneies, Crepidula, small fish (Fundulus, Tauiogolabrus, Menidia), teleost eggs. I. A. Field. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus, E. clavceceps, E. fusiformis. Nematodes Ascaris habena. Cestodes Rhyn- chobothrium lumidulum (scolices), Scolex poly- morphus (larvae). Trematodes Distomum tenue, D. tornatum, D. I aldeinflatum, D. sp., Monostomum Tiinal-edwardsii. Family PHOUDID-E. Pholis gunnellus (Linnaeus). Gunnel, rock eel. [Chart 206.] Storer, 1867 (Gunnelus mucronalus); Baird, 1873 (Mur&noides mucronatus); Bean, 1884 (M-urce- noides gunnellus); H. M Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2419; Kendall, 1908, p. 132. Abundant along shores in early spring, when it may be seined; at other times found only in deeper water. Dredged by the Survey during July and August in waters of 3 to 13 fathoms, at scattered stations in Vineyard Sound; only twice in Buzzards Bay. Young taken in tow from April to July, chiefly in April. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 bis (i), 7525 bis (i), 7553 (0, 7555 O 1 - 755 6 (several), 7564 (3), 7573 (few), 7760 (i medium), 7762 (2), 7764 (i). Phalarope and Blue Wing stations: 21 (i), 24 (2), 93. I2 3 (i)- Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Ar- gulus laticauda. (Wilson lists this parasite for "a blenny." Pholis is the only blenny taken at all frequently in this region.) na, but has been included here on account ot its biological , and Bumpus, 1899. 768 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Family Vivaria s ubbifurcata (Storer). Bean, 1884 (Eumesogrammus subbifurcalus. Lo cality not stated, and perhaps not actually taken within region); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2440 ("North Atlantic, south to Cape Cod; very rare"); Kendall, 1908, p. 134 (not recorded for local waters). Western portion of Vineyard Sound, only four living specimens recorded. These were taken during July and August, in the course of the Survey dredging, at depths of 5 to 12 fathoms. Mr. Edwards reports having found several (perhaps 10 or 12) of these fishes in the crop of a sheldrake shot near Robinsons Hole, Decem ber, 1907, or January, 1908. Fish Hawk stations: 7555^ (one, 6 cm. long), 7556} (one, 8.5 cm. long), 76971-. Phalarope station 53t (one, 4 cm. long). Family CRYPTACANTHODID^E. Cryptacanthodes maculatus Storer. Wrymouth, ghostfish . H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Smith and Kendall, 1898 (Cryptacanthus maculatus); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2443; Biological Notes, No. i (1900); Kendall, 1908, p. 134. Woods Hole Harbor, in 1875; again in Decem ber, 1896, in a fyke net. Smith. Edgartown, January, 1900, a specimen u inches long. Edwards. Dr. Smith reports having seen several small specimens (an inch or less, in length) from Woods Hole. Family ANARHICHADID/E. Anarhichas lupus Linnaeus. Wolffish, catfish. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 2446; Kendall, 1908, p. 135. Vineyard Sound, in traps and on cod lines, quite rare. Smith. None seen for several years. Edwards. Family ZOARCID/E. Zoarces anguillaris (Peck). Eel pout. Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2457; Kendall, 1908, P- 135- Off Gay Head and Cuttyhunk , caught while fish ing for cod, during fall; occasionally in Vine yard Sound, off Great Harbor. Abundant formerly, now less so. Edwards. At Fish Hawk station 7731 (repeated July 30, 1907) a small specimen was taken, which was referred to this species with tolerable certainty. Lycodes reticulatus Reinhardt. Eel pout. Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 305; H. M. Smith. 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2465; Kendall, 1908, p. 136. Vineyard Sound, taken by the Fish Hawk. Goode and Bean. Not common. Family OPHIDIID^E. Leptophidium sp. a Sumner, 1909, p. 984. A fish which belongs with little doubt to this genus was found by Mr. Edwards in the body cavity of a large hake ( Uropkycis tenuis), taken in Woods Hole Harbor, May, 1908. The stranger was enveloped by a covering of peri toneum. It measured 25 cm. in length and was extremely hard and shrunken, having the con sistency of dried cod, though darker in color. There were no traces of scales, or even of skin. in most places, while the fin rays were wanting except at the caudal end, where some shreds remained. The chief distinguishing character was the frontal spine properto the genus. The hake had a seemingly unimpaired stomach, filled at the time with a fair-sized whiting. The Leptophidium had doubtless been swal lowed by the hake (probably at some distant point, in deeper water) and had forced its way out from the stomach of the latter fish into the body cavity, becoming encysted as above described. Family MERLUCCIID^. Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill). Silver hake, whiting. Baird, 1873 (Merlucius bilinealus); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 2530; Linton, 1901, p. 473; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, P- 137- Buzzards Bay, Woods Hole, Vineyard Sound; abundant during fall, some years common in summer. Taken in traps at Menemsha Bight, constituting at times the greater part of the catch. Young specimens dredged by the Sur vey at the western end of Vineyard Sound, in waters 13 to 16 fathoms deep. Fish Hawk stations: 7575, 7582, 7583, 7586 (one, 10 inches long), 7592, 7598. Food: Fish, small Crustacea, many crabs (Pano- peus). Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus, E. proteus. Nematodes As- caris clavata. Cestodes Dibothrium angus- tatum, D. crassiceps, Phyllobothrium sp. (imma- " This is believed by Mr. L. Radcliffe to be L. cervinitm Goode & Bean. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 769 Merluccius bilinearis Continued . ture), Rhvnchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparts pine (cysts), Scolex polymorphic (lar- vse). Trematodes Distomum ocreatum, D. vitellosum. Not valued by local fisherman, except for bait. Family GADID^S. Pollachius virens (Linnaeus). Pollock. Baird, 1873 (Pollachius carbonarius); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2534; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 474; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 137. Vineyard Sound, Eel Pond, Great Harbor, Me- nemsha Bight, Buzzards Bay. Common for merly; only a few adults now taken in the Sound, young numerous. Edwards. Adults appear in May, departing when water reaches temperature of 60 to 65 degrees; no regular line fishing for these, though many are caught in the traps. Smith. Spawns [at Gloucester] from the end of October to the end of December. Young fish il^ inches long appear in April. Smith. Young taken in the tow net from January to May, most abundant in April. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Larger young, 7 or 8 inches long, are taken in February and March; a similar run of fish of this size in the fall. Smith. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris clavata, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin ton) Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Dactylocotyle denticu- latum, Distomum ocreatum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Alebion gracile, Caligus curtus, C. mutabilis, C. rapax, Lern&a branckialis. Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum). Tomcod, frost- fish. Baird, 1873 (Microgadus tomcodus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 519; Bean, 1884 (Gadus tom codus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2540; Sherwood and Ed wards, 1901; Linton, 1901, p. 475; Kendall, 1908, p. 138. Everywhere in the harbors, near shore, abun dant in winter, though taken throughout the year. Taken with fyke net or seine or on hook and line. Spawns in December. Young taken from Janu ary till April, most frequently in March and April. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Attempts at artificial propagation of this fish have been unsuccessful at Woods Hole, though this has been carried on in some other places. Microgadus tomcod Continued. Food : Local specimens taken in March and April contained Crago seplcmspinosus, Hippolyte zostericola, Palamoneles vulgaris, Gammarus annulatus, G. natalor, Calliopius lazviusc-ulus, Microdeutopus minax, Gammarus ornatus, G. mucronatus, Elasmopiis l&vis, Pontogenia inermis, Ptilocheirus pinguis, Caprella, Nereis virens, various small fishes. Verrill and Smith. Annelids, shrimps, amphipods, and other small Crustacea. Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echini rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris clavata, A. sp., Ichthyonemasp. Cestodes (Lin ton) Dibothrium rugosum, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum appendiculalum, D. ocreatum, D. simplex, D. vitellosum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus laticauda, A. megalops, Caligus curt us (chalimus stage). Gadus callarias Linnanis. Cod. Storer, 1867, p. 166 (Morrhua americana); Baird, 1873 (Gadus morrhua); Bean, 1884 (Gadus morrhua); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106; Jordan and Evermann. 1898, p. 2541; Bumpus, 1898, p. 486; Linton, 1901, p. 475; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 139. Vineyard Sound, Great Harbor, few in Buzzards Bay; keeping to deep water in winter and summer, but coming to shores in fall and spring. Edwards. Abundant and apparently not decreasing. The cod appears in Vineyard Sound, April i, and remains till about May 15; makes a second visit from October till wintry weather. Smith. Spawns from the middle of November till the mid dle of March . Young J/ inch or more in length taken in surface tow in March, April, and May. Food: Worms, herring, lants, crabs. Smith. Young observed feeding on copepods. Bumpus. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris capsularia, A. clavata, A. habena, Heterakis foveolata. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium ru gosum, Rhynchobothrium bulbifer (C5 sts), R. imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum ocreatum, D. rachion, D. sp., Nitzsch- ia papillosa, undetermined trematodes. Cope- pods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus curtiu, C. rapax, Lernaa branchialis. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Melanogrammas ceglefinus (Linnajus). Haddock. Verrill, 1873, p. 518; Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 2542; Linton, 1901, p. 476; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 511; Kendall, 1908, p. 140. Common 6 or 7 miles off Gay Head and on the ocean side of Marthas Vineyard; at Lamberts Cove, 4 or 5 specimens, weighing 8 or 9 pounds, were taken May 14, 1898; a few others in Vine yard Sound during the same spring. Smith. Taken in March and April on hook and line, baited with herring or clam. Spawns in March. Edwards. Food: "A complete list of the animals devoured by the haddock would doubtless include all species belonging to this fauna." Verrill and Smith. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris acanthocaudata, A. clcrvata, Heterakis foveo- lata, immature nematodes. Cestodes (Lin ton) Dibothrium rugosum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (lar- VSE). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum raclii- on, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus curtus, C. rapax, Lerntna branchialis. Urophycis regius (Walbaum). Codling, king hake. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106 (Phycis regius); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2553; Kendall, 1908, p. 141. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, scarce. Woods Hole; one specimen taken November 6|, an other November 7^, 1911. Taken in the seine late in the fall. Smith. Dredged in August. Survey. Fish Hawk Stations: 76271 (i), 7654t (2), 76s?t (") Urophycis tenuis (Mitchill). Squirrel hake, white hake. Bean, 1884; Bumpus, 18983, p. 60; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 106 (Phycis tenuis ); Jordan and Ever mann, 1898, p. 2535; Linton, 1001, p. 477 (Phycis tenuis); Kendall, 1908, p. 142. Abundant and of general distribution. A bot tom-living fish, frequenting muddy bottoms. Fishes of i to ij< pounds weight abundant in October and November ; many then enter the Eel Pond; young common throughout the sum mer when they are sometimes taken at the surface under eelgrass and gulf weed. Smith. Occasional specimens dredged by the Survey in Buzzards Bay, one in Vineyard Sound. Urophycis tenuis Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7592 (? 2 large and i small), 7617 (.2), 7624 (i small), 7656 (i). 7662 (i), 7663 (i), 7673(i) : Phalarope station 22 (i small). , Taken with ripe eggs in July. Food: Worms have been found in stomach. Edwards. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris habena, A . sp., Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes ( Lin ton) Dibothrium rugosum, Phyllobothrium lo- liginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium impari spine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Disto mum hispidum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus curtus, C. rapax. Urophvcis chuss (Walbaum). Hake, squirrel hake. Baird, 1873; Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107 {Phycis chuss); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2555; Linton, 1901, p. 478 (Phycis chuss); Kendall, 1908, p. 143. Abundant in May and June, again in October and November. Smith. Dredged by the Survey in July and August at the western end of Vine yard Sound. Fish Hawk stations: 7581* (one 2 inches long), 7592* (one 3 inches long), 7599! (i large), 7682! (i), 7702! (2), 7 7 o6t (i), 777t (i). 779t (2), 7 7 i 9 t (i). Found with nearly ripe spawn in Jul} r ; young hake (perhaps U. chuss) taken in tow from February till October; most abundant from March till July. Edwards. Food: Shrimps, amphipods, and other small Crustacea, small fish. Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris habena, Heterakis foveolata. Cestodes (Lin ton) Dibothrium punctatum, Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynchobothrium bulbifcr (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphic (larvae), Telra- rhynchus bisukatus (cysts). Trematodes (Lin ton) Distomum appendiculatum, D. ocreatum. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) CaKgus rapax. Gaidropsarus argentatus (Reinhardt). Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2559; Kendall, igoS, p. 143. Vineyard Sound. Goode, cited by Kendall. Rhinonemus cimbrius (Linnaeus). Four-bearded rockling. Bean, 1884; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 384; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 77 Rhinonemus cimbrius Continued . 1898, p. 2560; Linton, 1899; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Kendall, 1908, p. 144 (En- chelyopus cimbrius). Buzzards Bay, near Penikese. Goode and Bean. Great Harbor, one taken in winter in a fyke net. One 10 inches long speared in Little Harbor in January, 1889; young in tow during June and July, 1900. Sherwood and Edwards. About ten, \% inches long, taken in tow net at end of Bureau of Fisheries pier, April 17, 1906. Edwards. Food: Shrimps, amphipods, bivalve mollusks. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus. Trematodes Distomum sp. Brosmins brosmc (Muller). Cusk, ling. H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Ever- mann, 1898, p. 2561 (Brostne brosme); Linton, 1901, p. 479; Kendall, 1908, p. 144. Vineyard Sound: formerly not uncommon in April and May, when it was caught along with cod; now very rare, though taken occa sionally. Smith. Parasites: Ascaris sp. Linton. Family MACROURID^. Macro urns bairdii Goode & Bean. Baird s grena dier, rat-tail. Bean, 1884; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 393; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 107; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2583; Linton, 1901, p. 480; Kendall, 1908, p. 145. Vineyard Sound, August 26, 1882; dredged by the Fish Hawk at a depth of 9 fathoms. Goode and Bean. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchusacus. Nematodes Ascaris sp. (imma ture). Family PLEURONECTID/E. Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus). Halibut. Baird, 1873 (Hippoglossus americanus); H. M. Smith, 1898. p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2611; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 145. Vineyard Sound ; now very rare within the region , not having been taken for some years; form erly not uncommon, a few large sized speci mens being taken annually during April. Smith. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris clavata, Hetcrakis foveolata. Cestodes (Lin- Hippoglossus hippoglossus Continued. ton) Dibothrium crassiceps, D. punctatum, Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes (Umton)Epibdella hippoglossi. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Brachiella rostrata, Caligus curfis. Hippoglossoides platessoides(Fabricius). Sand dab, rusty flounder. Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2614; Linton, 1901, p. 481; Kendall, 1908, p. 146. Great Harbor, Woods Hole, and adjacent inshore waters, not common, though specimens are occasionally taken on lines in February, and one year some were caught in a fyke. Smith. Parasites: Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris incurva, I chthyonema sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus megalops. Paralichlhys dentatus (Linnaeus). Summer floun der. [Chart 207.] Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 519 (Ch&nopsetta ocellaris); Baird, 1873 (Chtznopsetta ocellaris); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jor dan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2629; Linton, 1901, p. 481; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 146. Abundant throughout local waters, particularly on sandy bottoms. Taken from May 10 to October 15. Smith. Caught in large num bers in local fishtraps and by hook and line. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, 5 to 17 fathoms. Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (several), 7551 (i large), 7554 (i), 7561 (i large), 7562 (about 6), 7574 (about 6), 7612 (i small), 7638(1), 7643 (i), 7676 (i about 2 feet long), 7686 (i). Food: One taken in June contained 26 Yoldia limaiula, numerous Nucula proximo, Tellina tenera and Trilia trivittala, also Ampelisca; other specimens contained Cancer irroratus, Pinnixa sayana, Crago septemspinosus, Loligo pealii, Tellina tenera, Nucula proxima, Echina- rachnius parma. Verrill and Smith. Squid (18 from single stomach), hermit crab, fish, crustaceans. Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus, E. lateralis, E. proteu-s, E. sagilti- fer. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris sp. (imma ture), Ichihyonema sanguineum. Cestodes (Lin- ton) Dibothrium punctatum, Otobothrium crenacoHe (cysts), Phyllobothrium loliginis (immature), Rhynckobothrium bulbifer (cysts), R. heterospine (cysts), R. imparispine (cysts), R. longispine (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Paralichthys dentatus Continued. Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Synbothrium fili- colle (cysts), Tetrarhynchus bicolor (cysts), T. bisulcatus (cysts), T. robustus (cysts). Trema- todes (Linton) Diclidophora affinis, Distomum appendiculatum, D. dentatum, D. grandiporum, \ D. monticellii, D. pudens, D. mtellosum, D. sp. Rhynchobdellida: a leech. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus alosa, A. laticauda, A. megalops, Chondracanthus galerUus, Lepeoph- theirus edwardsi. Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill). Four-spotted | flounder. [Chart 208.] Baird, 1873 (Chanopsetta oblonga); Bean, 1884; j Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 436; Bumpus, iSgSa, p. 60; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2632; Linton, 1901, p. 483; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 147. Common everywhere, though less so than preced ing species. Taken in May and June, being scarce at other times; most abundant about June i. Smith. Dredged by the Survey at scattered stations in the outer portions of Vine yard Sound and Buzzards Bay; 7 to 17 fath oms, sand and mud. Fish Hawk stations: 7543 bis (several), 7554 (i small), 7602 (i small), 7654 (i), 7656 (i), 7661 (i large), 7673 (3 small), 7676 (4), 7686 (i), j 7706 (i). Spawns in May; incubation lasts about eight days. Smith; Bumpus. Food: Shrimps, amphipods, small crabs (Can cer), annelids, mollusks, small Crustacea, small fish. Linton. Parasites: Acantkocepkala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- todes (Linton) Dibothrium punctatum, Phyl- lobothrium loliginis (immature), Scolex poly morphus (larvae), Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum vi tellosum, D. sp. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Caligus rapax, Lepeophtheirus edwardsi. l/imanda ferruginea (Storer). Rusty daK rusty flatfish. Baird, 1873 (Mysopsetta ferruginea); Bean, 1884; Goode and Bean, 1895, p. 427; H. -M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2644; Linton, 1901, p. 484; Kendall, 1908, p. 147- Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay ; very common throughout the year, at depths of 10 to 12 fathoms; a few taken in Great Harbor in fyke nets during winter. Smith. Dredged by the Survey at occasional stations in the western end of Vineyard Sound; 7 to 17 fathoms, sand. Limanda ferruginea Continued. Fish Hawk stations: 7701 (2 young)t, 773 ( 2 young)f, 7704 (several small)t, 771? (i young), 7718 (i young), 7719, 7724!, 773* (Of- Food: Enormous numbers of Crustacea (amphi pods, shrimps, schizopods, small crabs, Ca- prella and Squilla), annelids, bivalve and uni valve mollusks, small fishes. Linton. Parasites (Linton): Acanthocephala Echino- rhynchus acus. Immature nematodes. Ces- todes Dibothrium punctatum, Rhynchoboth- rium imparispine (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae). Trematodes Distomum simplex,, D. vitellosum, D. sp. Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum). Flat fish, winter flounder. [Chart 209.] Baird, 1873; Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 520; Bean, 1884 (Pleuronectes americanus); Bumpus, 1898, p. 485; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2647; Linton, 1901; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 148. Vineyard Sound, Buzzards Bay, Great Harbor, Waquoit Bay; abundant throughout the year. Caught in traps, fyke nets, and seines or by hook and line. Dredged by the Survey throughout Buzzards Bay; in Vineyard Sound taken only at the eastern and western ends; 4 to 17 fathoms, almost exclusively on bottoms of sand or mud or mixtures of the two. Fish Hawk stations: 7524 (i, 7 inches long), 7526 (i, 8 inches long), 7582 (i), 7602 (2 small), 7613 (i small), 7616 (i small), 7620 (i small), 7622 (2), 7643 (i), 7644(1), 7656 (3), 7657 (i), 7660 (several small), 7661 (4), 7663 (several small), 7671 (several), 7673 (i small), 7676 (3 small), 7678 (i small), 7679 (several), 7680 (2 small), 7681 (several), 7685 (i), 7686 (i), 7687 (2), 7688 (i), 7689 (2), 7702 (i), 7707 (i), 7710 (i), 7721 (i), 7724 (2), 7725 (i small), 7728 (3), 7729 (3), 773 (3). 773 1 ( 2 ). 77 62 (many medium sized and small), 7764 (several small), 7781 (i small). Phalarope stations: 53 (many small), 78 (i small), 79 (i small), 109, 129 (i young). Spawns from February to April or May. Young in tow, April, May, and June; most abundant in May. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. For breeding habits, see Sherwood and Ed wards (1901). Food: One specimen in August contained large numbers of Haminea solitaria. Verrill and Smith. Shrimps and other small Crustacea, annelids, mollusks, red seaweed, fish. Linton. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echinorhyn- chus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris ha- bena, A. sp., Ichthyonema sp. Cestodes (Lin- BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 773 Pseudopleuronectes americanus Continued. ton) Dibothrium punctatum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts), R. sp. (cysts), Tetrarhyn- chus bisulcatus (cysts), T. sp. (cysts). Trema- todes (Linton) Distomum appendiculatum, D. areolatum, D. globiporum, D. grandiporum, D. vitellosum, D. sp. Protozoa Sporozoa (cysts). Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus laticauda, A. megalops, Caligus rapax, Lepeoph- theirus edwardsi. One reversed specimen reported. Individuals occasionally found with pigment on lower side (V. N. Edwards, in " Biological Notes," No. i). Lnphopsetta maculata (Mitchill). Sand dab, win- dowpane. [Chart 210.] Storer, 1867, p. 205 (Pleuronectes maculatus); Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108 (Bothus maculatus); Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2660; Linton, 1901, p. 484 (Bothus maculatus); Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Kendall, 1908, p. 150; Sumner, 1910, fig. n. Common everwhere on sandy bottoms, both in shallow and deep water. Dredged frequently by the Survey in Vineyard Sound, chiefly in the western half; 5 to 17 fathoms, almost exclu sively on sandy bottom; none taken in Buz zards Bay. Present from April till late au tumn . Smith . Fish Hawk stations: 7540 (i small), 7543 bis (few), 7546 (2 very small), 7553 (i small), 7554 (i small), 7562 (4), 7567 (3, i large), 7568 (few small), 7569 (i large), 7574 (3), 7575 (several small), 7576 (few small), 7577 (i small), 7579 (i small), 7584 (i), 7585 (i small), 7589 (i small), 7590 (i), 7591 (several, 2 large), 7596 (i large), 7598 (i large), 7600 (i small), 7601 (i small), 7676 (2), 7677 (2), 7686 (i), 7698 (i small), 7701 (i large), 7702 (several), 7703 (few), 7705 (i medium), 7707 (2), 7726 (2 small), 7727 (several small), 7728 (2), 7729 (3), 7731 (2). Full of spawn about June i. Smith. Young taken in tow from May till July, especially in June. Towing records of V. N. Edwards. Food: Specimens brought into the laboratory often regurgitated Ammodytes americanus. Sumner. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Echino- rhynchus acus. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris habena. Cestodes (Linton) Dibothrium punc tatum, Rhynchobothrium imparispine (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum mtellosum . Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus megalops. Platophrys ocellatus (Agassiz). Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2663 ("Long Island to Rio Janeiro "). Several specimens seined by Mr. Edwards in Tis- bury Great Pond, October 4, 16, and 20, 1906 (identified by H. M. Smith). Family SOLEID/E. Achirus fasciatus Lacepede. Hog choker. Storer, 1867, p. 207 (Achirus mo His); Baird, 1873 (Achirus lineatus); Bean, 1884 (Achirus linea- tus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 108; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2700; Bumpus, 1898, p. 60; Linton, 1901, p. 487; Kendall, 1908, p. 150. Tashmoo Pond. Storer. Vineyard Sound (oc casional in traps), Wareham River (abundant), Buzzards Bay, Quisset Harbor, Eel Pond, Wa- quoit Bay, Great Pond, Tisbury Pond. Smith, Edwards. Taken throughout the year. Eggs apparently ripe the latter part of May. Bumpus. Food: In August, vegetable debris (Fucus and eelgrass). Linton. Parasites: Distomum appendiculatum, D. sp. Linton. Gymnachirus riudus Kaup. Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2703 (listed only for Brazil); Kendall, 1911, p. 202. One small specimen, taken by V. N. Edwards at Tisbury Pond, October 16, 1906. Family LOPHIID^E. Lophius piscatorius Linnaeus. Goosefish, angler, fishing frog. Storer, 1867, p. 102 (Lophius americanus); Baird, 1873 (Lophius americanus); Verrill and Smith, 1873, p. 516; Bean, 1884; H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 109; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, p. 2713; Sherwood and Edwards, 1901; Linton, 1901. p. 487; Sharp and Fowler, 1904, p. 512; Ken dall, 1908, p. 151. Distribution general, individuals even entering the "basin" of the local pier. Large speci mens common in summer and fall, in the traps at Menemsha Bight. Late in the fall they are often seen in Woods Hole Harbor, sometimes allowing themselves to become stranded in shallow water near shore . On such occasions they do not turn back, but push on until com pletely grounded. A large specimen taken in the beam trawl during the Survey dredg ing at Crab Ledge (Fish Hawk station 7608). 774 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Lophius piscaiorus Continued . Nantucket, about 50 at one time. Sharp and Fowler. Spawns in May and June. Edwards. Spawn laid in clusters, which are often found attached to fish traps or floating in the Sound. Food: Six coots found by Capt. Leonard West, of Chilmark, in the stomach of one goosefish. Storer. A local specimen in June contained Cancer irroralus and Loligo pealii. Verrill and Smith. Mollusks, annelids, small Crustacea, winter flounder. Linton. In order of fre quency: Squid (Loligo), skates (Raja erina- cea), flounders (Paralichthys, Lophopsetta, Pseu- dopleuronectes), lady crabs, Ammodytes, sque- teague, sea robin, butterfish, Anguilla chry- sypa. I. A. Field. Parasites: Acanthocephala (Linton) Eckino- rkynchus acus, E. lateralis, E. pristis, E. sp. Nematodes (Linton) Ascaris increscent, A. rigida, Heterakisfoveolata. Cestodes( Linton) Dibotkrium sp. (larvse), Rhynchobothrium im- parispine (cysts), R. speciosum (cysts), R. sp. (cysts), Scolex polymorphus (larvae), Tetra- rhynchus bisukatus (cysts), T. sp. (cysts). Trematodes (Linton) Distomum nigrescens. Copepods (C. B. Wilson) Argulus megalops, Lepeophtheirus thompsoni. Family ANTENNARIID^E. Pterophryne histrio (Linnaeus). Sargassum-fish , mousefish (a senseless name!), marbled angler. Storer, 1867, p. 105 (Chironectes Icevigatus); H. M. Smith, 1898, p. 109; Jordan and Evermann. 1898, p. 2716; Kendall, 1908, p. 152. Vineyard Sound, among floating Sargassum. which it apparently seldom leaves; occasion ally straying into harbors such as Vineyard Haven and Quisset Harbor. This straggler from southern waters was first recorded locally by Storer in 1867. During many seasons it is not observed at all. An especially large num ber were taken in 1897 (see Smith, 1898) ; a few in 1906 and 1907 ; none since the last date (1911 note). It does not appear till July, but speci mens have been taken as late as November. They are collected by means of dip nets along with the gulf weed. The sargassum fish has deposited unfertilized spawn on several occasions in laboratory aqua ria. This is laid in jelly masses, similar to those of Lophius. Parasites: Distomum sp. Linton. The marvelous and undoubtedly protective coloration and configuration of this fish render it one of the most striking objects which appear on our coast. Class REPTILIA. Family DERMOCHELID^E. Dcrmochelys coriacea (Linnaeus). Leather-jacket. Henshaw, 1904, p. i. Buzzards Bay, near Woods Hole. Mr. Edwards states that a specimen was taken in a fish trap about 20 years ago, by Mr. I. S. Spindell, which weighed 1,400 pounds. Very few have been seen in neighborhood of Woods Hole in recent years, however. Near Newport. Henshaw. Family CHEUONIID^. Caretta caretta (Linnaeus). Loggerhead turtle. Henshaw, 1904, p. 4 j Thallassochelys caretta. No local records). Menemsha Bight in traps; a number of speci mens, usually about 2 feet in length, taken everj r year. V. N. Edwards. Howard Ayers records (Marine Biological Laboratory card catalogue) the taking of one specimen in a fish trap on Uncatena Island in July, 1892. Two individuals (one weighing 35 pounds) were brought to the Woods Hole station during the summer of 1908. Erelmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus). Hawks-bill turtle. Sumner, 1909, p. 984. Menemsha Bight in traps; a number of speci mens, usually about 18 inches in length, taken every year. V. N. Edwards. This species, according to Mr. Edwards, is more common locally than the preceding. A specimen, un der 6 inches long, in the local museum, bears the label "Woods Hole, August 20, 1903"; another small example was taken among gull- weed during the summer of 1908. (Both iden tified by F. B. Sumner from descriptions and figures furnished by Dr. L. Stejneger). Mr. Edwards likewise reports having seen "hawk-bill" turtles in Long Island Sound as late as Thanksgiving Day. They were then exhausted by the cold. Family CHELYDRID.E. Chelydra serpentina (Linnseus). Snapping turtle. Henshaw, 1904, p. i (no local records). Sometimes found in salt marshes connected with Great Pond. V. N. Edwards. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 775 Family TESTUDINIM. Malackmmys ccntrata concentrica (Shaw). Dia- [ mond-back terrapin (northern variety). J. A. Allen, 1870, p. 260 (Malacoclemmys palus- tris); True, 1884, p. 156 (Malacoclemmys palus- Iris); Bangs, 1896, p. 159 (Malaclemmys terra pin); Henshaw, 1904, p. 3 (Malacoclemmys ter rapin) , Hay, 1905, pp. 1-9. Nantucket (?) and New Bedford. Allen, True. Wareham. Allen. Buzzards Bay. Bangs, Hay. Wareham River, common; Acushnet River, near New Bedford, occasional; may be Malaclemmys centrata concentrica Continued. taken seining. V. N. Edwards. A fair-sized specimen taken in Wareham River by Dr. E. D. Congdon in 1908. Bangs states that prior to 1895, or thereabouts, this tortoise was "common in the creeks and salt marshes of Buzzards Bay," it being "no unusual sight to see six or eight fine terrapin sunning themselves on a single rock." The animal has become comparatively scarce, however, owing to its being caught for the market. Class AVES. Family Colymbus holboellii (Reinhardt). Holboll s grebe. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 20. Bristol County, probably an uncommon winter visitant; Nantucket, rare. H. & A. Vicin ity of Woods Hole, fairly common as a win ter resident; most abundant in November. Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated December i and December 21, 1890. Colymhus auritus Linnaeus. Horned grebe. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 20. Bristol County , common winter visitant to coast ; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole, common as a winter resident; present from November till May. Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated December i and December 12, 1890. Podilymbuspodiceps(Linn3us). Pied-billed grebe. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 20. Bristol County, rather uncommon transient visi tor. H. & A. Woods Hole. V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present from fall till May. Edwards. Male specimens in Mr. Ed wards s collection dated November 12 and De cember 6, 1902, (former shot in the Eel Pond). Family GAVIID.E. Gavia immer (Briinnich). Loon. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 21. Of general distribution throughout the region; very common in winter, less so in summer. Living birds occasionally taken in the fish- traps and kept in the "shark pool" of the Woods Hole station, where they speedily be come very tame. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated March 17, 1888, and January 14, 1893. GaTiia stellata (Pontoppidan). Red-throated loon. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 21. Bristol County, uncommon winter visitor along coast; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Vine yard Sound, in summer. L.Jones, I. A. Field. Common locally as a migrant, but not common in winter. Edwards. Specimens of both sexes in Mr. Edwards s collection dated February 28, and March 27, 1889, and April 10, 1894. Family ALCID^. Fraiercula arclica (Linnaeus). Puffin. Woods Hole, rare. Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated January 18, 1902, and January, 1904. Cepphus grylle (Linnaeus). Black guillemot. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 24. Nantucket, scarce. H. & A. Woods Hole and Hadley Harbor, in winter, rare. Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated February 10, 1891 (both sexes), December 19, 1898 (male). Una lomvia (Linnaeus). Briinnich s murre. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 24. Bristol County, a winter visitor; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Woods Hole, in winter, common. Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Ed wards s collection dated January 18, 1890, and December 21, 1891 (both sexes). Aka torda Linnaeus. Razor-billed auk. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 23. Nantucket, scarce. H. & A. Woods Hole, usually common in winter; abundant during season of 1908-9. Edwards. Specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated December 12, 1889, and December 21, 1898 (both sexes). 77 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Alle a lie (Linnaeus). Little auk. Howe and Allen, igoi, p. 23. (No local refer ences.) Woods Hole, in winter, common, a hundred sometimes being seen in a flock. Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated December 10, 1895, and De cember 8, 10, and 12, 1898. Family STERCORARIID^. Megalestris skua (Briinnich). Skua. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 31; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 9. Pollock Rip, one female, September 10, 1884. Siercorarius pomarinus (Temminck). Pomarine jaeger. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 31. Buzzards Bay. H. &A. Woods Hole, Buzzards Bay, Vineyard Sound; common in summer and fall. V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated August 2, 1888; a male dated October 29, 1890. Siercorarius parasiticus (Linnseus). Parasitic jae ger. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 31. BuzzardsBay. H.&A. WoodsHole; Buzzards Bay; Vineyard Sound. V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present in spring, summer and fall. Male specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated August 12 and August 29, 1888. Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot. Long-tailed jaeger. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 31. Nantucket, occasional. H. & A. Woods Hole in spring and fall. Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated August 12, 1888 (female), October 13, 1894. Family LARID/E. Pagophila alba (Gunnerus). Ivory gull. G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 10. Monomoy Island, December i, 1886; "acci dental winter visitor." Rissa tridactyla (Linnaeus). Kittiwake gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 30. Bristol County, uncommon winter visitant of the coast; common in fall; Nantucket, com mon. H. & A. Woods Hole, sometimes com mon in November and December. Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated November 29, 1888 (both sexes), November 20, 1890 (female). Lams kucopterus Faber. Iceland gull. Woods Hole, in winter, generally rare, though common during the season of 1908-9. Ed wards. Larus marinus Linnaeus. Black-backed gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 29. Bristol County, rather common winter visitor off the coast; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Woods Hole, a fairly common winter resi dent. Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated January 10, 1896. Larus argentatus Pontoppidan. Herring gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 29; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- 13- Bristol County, abundant winter visitant; Nan tucket, common. H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole, common in winter, occasional in summer. Most of them come in September and leave in May. Edwards. This gull nested atWeepecket Island in 1882. Mackay, cited by Allen. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated February 27, 1889, and February 4, 1901. Larus delawarensis Ord. Ring-billed gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 30 (no local records). Woods Hole, in late summer and autumn, fairly common. L. Jones, I. A. Field. Mr. Edwards has only seen this gull in winter. A male speci men in Mr. Edwards s collection dated Janu ary 17, 1893. Larus atricilla Linnaeus. Laughing gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 29; G. M. Allen. 1909, P- IS- Nantucket, common; breeding on Muskeget. H. & A. The latter colony, according to Dr. Jones, consisted of about 500 individuals in 1904. The average number of eggs in a nest is about three; and the young are fed on Am- modytes, just as young terns are; likewise on insects, etc. The laughing gull comes after the terns appear, and disappears about the same time as the latter. Edwards. Male specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated September, 1900 and August 10, 1906; afemale dated August 8, 1895. Larus Philadelphia (Ord). Bonaparte s gull. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 28. Bristol County, common on migrations; Nan tucket, common. H. & A. Woods Hole, fairly common in fall as a migrant. Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated November 20, 1890 (female), December 12, 1894 (both sexes), December i, 1895 (male). BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 777 Sterna caspia Pallas. Caspian tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 25. Nantucket, taken several times in September. H. & A. Woods Hole, rare. Edwards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated September 20, 1891. Sterna maxima Boddaert. Royal tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 27; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 17. Nantucket, a pair taken July, 1874. H. & A. Chatham, July 29, 1889. Allen. Seen by Mr. Edwards at Muskeget several different summers. Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida (Cabot). Cabot s tern. G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 17. Chatham, August, 1865; Monomoy Island, Octo ber 2, 1888; an "accidental visitor." Sterna hirundo Linnaeus. Common tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 26; Jones, 1906, p. 35; G. M. Allen, 1910, p. 19. This tern is extremely abundant throughout the region from May i or earlier to the middle of September. Mr. Edwards states that young birds sometimes linger till January i. Two winter records (January 17 and February 20) cited by Allen. The local nesting grounds are situated at Penikese, Weepecket Islands, the Muskeget group, Katama Bay (on ocean side) and probably at No Mans Land. Jones. From a consideration of these, Dr. Jones estimated the number of common terns present locally in 1904 as being somewhere in the neigh borhood of 100,000. The average number of eggs in one nest is three (two to six). These are laid in the sand or among drift weed , butn;j regular nests are constructed. The young are fed principally upon the sand launce (Ammo- dytes americanits), of which they may eat as many as 10 in one day. This fish likewise appears to form the principal article of diet for the adult. (See account by Jones, 1906.) Sterna paradisea Brunnich. Arctic tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 26. Nantucket, not very common. H. & A. Woods Hole, occasional. Edwards. Weepeckets, August 4, 1903. Jones. Sterna dougalli Montagu. Roseate tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 27; Jones, 1906, p. 43. Abundant throughout the region from May to September. In 1904, Dr. Jones estimated the number present in this region as approximately 40,000. He found nesting places at Penikese, Sterna dougalli Continued. Weepecket and Muskeget Islands. The aver age number of eggs found in a nest was two (rarely three), and these were nearly always laid among vegetation. As in the case of S. hirundo, the young are fed upon Ammodytes. Sterna antillarum (Lesson). Least tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 28. Nantucket, fairly common. H. & A. Katama Bay is the nesting place of a small colony. Jones. Reported as nesting likewise at Peni kese and Muskeget, but Dr. Jones found no evidence of this. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated September 14, 1893; a male, July 20, 1894. Formerly much more common than at present. Edwards. Sterna fuscata Linnaeus. Sooty tern. G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 20. Chatham, September, 1877; Newport, 1877. "Accidental visitor." Hydrochelidonnigrasurinamensis (Gmelin). Black tern. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 25. Nantucket, "not very abundant, August usu ally." H. &. A. Woods Hole, fairly common in fall as a migrant. Edwards. Rhynthops nigra Linnaeus. Black skimmer. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 28; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 22. Falmouth and Woods Hole: 2 records. H. & A. Weepecket Islands, July 16, 1903. Jones. "Said to have bred about 1830 at Muskeget Island." Allen. Formerly common at Nan tucket; likewise seen in Vineyard Sound; none seen lately. Edwards. Family PROCELLARIID^. Puffimts borealis Cory. Cory s shearwater. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 22. Nantucket, fairly common some years; Buzzards Bay, abundant during the fall of 1886. H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole. V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Summer and fall; "generally seen on the ocean or near it in the Sound." Jones. Male specimens in Mr. Ed wards s collection dated August 20, 1885, and August 29, 1888. Puffinus gratis (O Reilly). Greater shearwater. Male specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated September 2, 1888, and October 13, 1894. 778 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Puffinus griseus (Gmelin). Sooty shearwater. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 23 (P . fuliginosus) . Buzzards Bay, a few in the fall of 1886; Nan- tucket, once noted. H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole. V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present during summer and fall; "generally seen in the ocean or near it on the Sound." Jones. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated August 20, 1890. Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot). Leach s petrel. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 21. "One June record from Marthas Vineyard Island." H. & A. Dr. Jones and Mr. Ed wards have both observed this bird locally in summer and fall; "generally seen in the Sound or on the ocean, feeding. It is possible that it breeds in the vicinity." Jones. Dr. G. M. Allen states, on the contrary, that this bird is not known to breed south of Maine. Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl). Wilson s petrel. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 22. Nantucket, common. H. & A. Vicinity of Woods Hole in summer. V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. "Usually seen in the Sound or on the ocean, feeding." A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection, dated July 15, 1886. Family SULID^E. Sula bassana (Linnaeus). Gannet. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 59. Nantucket, not very common. H. &A. Woods Hole , rare in spring, common in fall. Edwards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection, dated October 10, 1888; a male dated Septem ber 20, Family PHALACROCORACID.^. Phalacrocorax carbo (LinnEeus). Common cormo rant. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 59. Bristol County, rather common visitant along the coast; Nantucket, scarce. H. & A. Woods Hole, fairly common as a spring and fall mi grant; occasionally seen in winter and in summer as late as July. Edwards. Female specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection, dated November 28, 1888, and December 15, 1898. Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson). Double-crested cormorant. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 59 (no local records). Woods Hole, common as a spring and fall mi grant. Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection, dated June 16, 1891. Family PELECANID^. Pekcanus occidentalis (Linnaeus). Brown pelican. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 60 (P.fuscus); G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 28. Nantucket, a flock of 13 seen by S. C. Martin about 1867. H. & A. One specimen seen at Robinsons Hole, May, 1901. Edwards. Family FREGATID.E. Fregala aquila (Linnseus). Frigate bird. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 60; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 29. New Bedford, one shot October 17, 1893. ("Re cord not confirmed." Allen.) Family ANATIMJ. Mergus americanus Cassin. American merganser. Vicinity of Woods Hole, tolerably common; sometimes abundant at Waquoit Bay. Ed wards. Quisset. Field. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection, dated February 12, 1887 (female), November 23, 1887 (male), March 10, 1902 (both sexes). Mergus serrator Linnaeus. Red-breasted mergan ser, sheldrake. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 58 (Merganser serrator). Bristol County, common winter visitor along the coast; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Woods Hole. V. N. Edwards, I. A. Field. Abundant as a migrant and winter resident. Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection, dated April 2, 1890, and April 10, 1891. Lophodytes cucullalus (Linnseus). Hooded mer ganser. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 58. Nantucket, scarce. H. & A. Woods Hole, dur ing migrations and in winter, scarce. Ed wards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated November 2, 1887. Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus. Mallard duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 50 (A. boscas). Bristol County, uncommon transient visitor; Nantucket, not unusual. H. & A. Woods Hole, during migrations and through the win ter. Edwards. Anas rubripes (Brewster). Black duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 50 (Anas obscura). Bristol County, uncommon summer resident and very common winter resident; Nantucket, common. H.&A. Common as a migrant and during winter and summer. "Evidently BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 779 Anas rubripes Continued. breeding at Muskeget." L.Jones, I. A. Field. ; A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated February 24, 1889, a female February 20, 1894. Alareca americana (Gmelin). American widgeon. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 52; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- 33- Nantucket, not very abundant. H. & A. For merly present during migrations, but none seen for a number of years. Edwards. \etlion crecca Linnaeus. European teal. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 52; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- 34- Muskeget, male, March 16, 1890. Nettion carolinensis (Gmelin). Green- winged teal. I Woods Hole, formerly fairly common; now less so. Edwards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated September 2, 1888. Querquedula discors (Linnaeus). Blue-winged teal. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 52. Bristol County, uncommon transient visitor; may winter; Nantucket, scarce. H. & A. Woods Hole, during migrations, formerly com mon, now scarce. Edwards. A female speci men in Mr. Edwards s collection dated Sep tember 20, 1887. Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus). Shoveller duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 53. Nantucket, i record. Dafila acuta (Linnaeus). Pin-tail duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 52. Bristol County, rather common transient visitor; Nantucket, scarce; young birds occasional. H. & A. Formerly fairly common in Buzzards Bay during migrations, now rare; a specimen shot at Weepecket February 4, 1909. Ed wards. Marila americana (Eyton). Red-headed duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 53 (Nyroca americana). Bristol County, rare transient visitor; Nantucket, fairly common. H. & A. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated December 10, 1900 (male), January 5, 1908 (female). Marila -vallisneria (Wilson). Canvasback duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 53 (Nyroca vallisneria). Nantucket, rare. Marila marila (Linnaeus). American scaup duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 54 (Nyroca marila). Bristol County, common in migrations; Nan tucket, common. H. & A. Waquoit, com mon during migrations. Edwards. Speci mens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated April 6, 1888 (male), December 6, 1891 (both sexes). Marila affinis (Eyton). Lesser scaup duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 54 (Nyroca affinis). Nantucket, not uncommon. H. & A. Woods Hole. I. A. Field. Common during migrations only. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated April 6, 1888. Clangula clangula americana (Bonaparte). Ameri can golden-eye duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 54. Bristol County, very common winter visitor along coast; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Male specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated March 8, 1890, and February 12, 1894. Charitonetta albeola (Linnaeus). Buffle-head duck, dipper. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 55. Bristol County, uncommon winter visitant; Nan tucket, not uncommon. H. & A. Woods Hole, occasional in migrations, less so in win ter. Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated March 8, 1890; a female, dated January 21, 1893. Harelda hyemalis (Linnaeus). Old squaw, long- tailed duck. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 55. Bristol County, abundant winter visitant along coast; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Woods Hole, abundant during migration and all win ter. Edwards. Male and female specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated January 4, i8Sg, and March 6, 1890. Histrionicus histrionicus (Linnaeus). Harlequin duck. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated December 18, 1895. This was killed at Weepecket Island. Somateria mollissima borealis (Brehm). North ern eider. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 57. Nantucket, rare. H. & A. Woods Hole, Janu ary 21, 1893, i female. Edwards. Somateria dresseri Sharpe. American eider. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 57. Bristol County, common winter visitant along die coast; Nantucket, common. H. & -A. Woods Hole, common during migrations and in winter. Edwards. Male and female speci mens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated Feb ruary 27, 1890, February 6 and February 21, 1893, and February n, 1894. 78o BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Somateria spectabilis (Linnseus). King eider. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 57. Nantucket, in winter, rare. H. & A. Woods Hole, in winter, rare. Edwards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated January 21, 1893; a male, January 20, 1894. Oidemia americana Swainson. American scoter. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 56. Bristol County, common winter visitor along coast; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Woods Hole, common during migrations and in the winter. Edwards. Male and female speci mens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated Feb ruary 16, 1899. Oidemia deglandi Bonaparte. White-winged scoter (commonly called "coot"). Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 56. Bristol County, abundant winter visitor along coast. H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity. V. N. Edwards, L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present throughout the year, being especially abundant in winter, when great flocks are seen in Buz zards Bay. Not known to breed here. Ed wards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collec tion dated January i, 1890, January 15, 1890, and January 9, 1892. Oidemia perspicillata (Linnaeus). Surf scoter. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 56. Nantucket, common. H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity, abundant during migrations, common in winter. Edwards. One seen at Quicks Hole, July 30, 1904. Jones. Speci mens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated De cember 20, 1890 (male), January 6, 1891 (both sexes). Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin). Ruddy duck. Howe and Allen, 1901 ; G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 46. Nantucket, rare; Buzzards Bay, common. H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity, common dur ing migrations. Edwards. Specimens in Mr. Edwards s collection dated December i, 1890 (female), December 4, 1890 (male), November 20, 1891 (both sexes). Branta canadensis (Linnseus). Canada goose. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 49. Bristol County, common transient visitor; Nan tucket, not uncommon. H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity, common as a migrant. Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated January 19, 1893. Branta bernicla glaucogastm (Brehm). Brant. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 50 (Branta bernicla} G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 50. Nantucket, common. H. & A. Woods Hole and vicinity, formerly common as a migrant, rarely wintering; recently uncommon. Ed wards. A female specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated April 10, 1891. Branta nigricans (Lawrence). Black brant. G. M. Allen, 1909, p. 51. Chatham, in spring of 1883 : " accidental visitor. Olor columbianus (Ord). Whistling swan. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 47; G. M. Allen, 1909, P- 52 Nantucket, i shot, March, 1878. Family PHALAROPODID^B. Phalaropus fulicarius (Linnseus). Red phalarope. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 43 (Crymophilus full- car ius). Nantucket, common. H. & A. Penikese, July 21, 1901. L. Jones, I. A. Field. Present lo cally only during migrations; sometimes quite common. Edwards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated June 15, 1882. Lobipes lobatus (Linnaeus). Northern phalarope. Howe and Allen, 1901 , p. 43 (Phalaropus lobatus). Bristol County, rather uncommon transient visi tor; Nantucket, common. H. & A. Of gen eral distribution; sometimes common, occur ring on migrations and during summer. Ed wards. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards collection dated August n, 1886. Steganopus tricolor Vieillot. Wilson s phalarope. Howe and Allen, 1901, p. 43. Nantucket, i specimen, August, 1889. H. & A. A male specimen in Mr. Edwards s collection dated May 30, 1893. Class MAMMALIA. Family Bakena glacialis Bonnaterre. North Atlantic right whale, black whale. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. i : True, 1904, p. 244 (no local records). Balcena glacialis Continued. Nantucket. Allen. Mr. Edwards wrote to Prof. Baird, May i, 1886: "I hear to-day that the right whales are plenty back of Nantucket and that they have killed three this week and towed them ashore and stripped them." BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 7 8l M gaptcra nodosa (Bonnaterre). Humpback whale. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 2; True, 1904, p. 211. (No local records given by either writer.) Were formerly seen in Vineyard Sound ; none for many years. V. N. Edwards. Balcenoptera physalus (Linnaeus). Common fin back whale. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 2; True, 1904, p. 107. (No local records given by either writer.) Whales of this species were formerly seen in Vineyard Sound, the last one in 1903 or 1904. V. N. Edwards. Mr. Edwards states that two specimens, which were believed at the time to be sulphur-bottom whales (B. musculus), were taken many years ago during the month of May at Tuckernuck and Smiths Island, respect ively. They had drifted ashore, after being shot. The skeleton of one of these was sent to the National Museum. Dr. True informs us that no sulphur-bottom whales have been re ceived at the museum, but only specimens of the finback. He therefore regards the foregoing records as applying to the finback, and regards any records of the occurrence of the sulphur- bottom whale in the Woods Hole Region as being questionable. ." Balrznoptera musculus (Linnaeus). Sulphur-bot tom whale. Goode, 1884, p. 27 (Sibbaldius borealis); G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 3 (no local records). According to Goode, Prof. Baird obtained a fine skeleton of this whale at Nantucket in 1875; but Mr. Edwards believes that reference is here made to one of the two specimens men tioned in our discussion of the preceding spe cies. As stated above, Dr. True questions the reliability of any records of the occurrance of the sulphur-bottom whale in local waters. Balcenoptera acuto-rostrata Lacepede. Little piked whale. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 2 (no local records); True, 1904, p. 192. Monomoy Point Lighthouse, July n, 1883, a young specimen picked up and towed into Harwichport; the skeleton was received by the National Museum from the U. S. Fish Commission . True . Family PHYSETERID.-E Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus. Sperm whale. Jackson, 1842, p. 137; Goode, 1884., p. 7; G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 3. "Vineyard Sound, about 15 miles from New Bed ford, on the 2gth of March, 1842", a specimen Physeter macrocephalus Continued. 16 feet long. Jackson. Siasconset, Nan- tucket, August 26, 1897, a young (apparently new born) specimen obtained by Dr. Harrison Allen and presented by him to the National Museum . True . Mesoplodon bidens (Sowerby). G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 4. Nantucket, a specimen i6feet in length. Agas- siz. (Note in Proceedingsof the Boston Society of Natural History, November 6, 1867.) Family DELPHINID^E. Globiocephala melas (Traill). Blackfish. Goode, 1884, p. n; G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 5 (no local records); True, 1889, p. 133 (no local records). "Occasionally run ashore at Nantucket. "- Goode. Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay, appearing in schools; formerly common. V. N. Edwards. Dr. True informs us that va rious skeletons and skulls of this species, which had been collected by Mr. Edwards, were re ceived by tile National Museum in 1875, 1877, and 1884. Forty-five were driven ashore at Monument Beach, Buzzards Bay, on Septem ber 30, 1907, these being only a fraction of the total school. Phoctzna phoc&na (Linnaeus). Puffing pig. snuffer, harbor porpoise, herring hog. True, 1889, p. 118 {Pkocuna communis; no local records); G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 6 (no local records) . Taken in traps at Menemsha Bight, and formerly in Buzzards Bay (when trap fishing was al lowed) ; ascends the "river " as far as New Bed ford, feeding upon alewives; appears in June and July. V. N. Edwards. Dr. True informs us that odd bones, sent by Mr. Edwards from Woods Hole, are stored in the National Mu seum (entered in 1874). Lagenorhynchus acuhis (Gray). Striped porpoise, skunk porpoise. True, 1889, p. 85; G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 6 (no local records). Woods Hole (specimen figured by True, 1889, pi. xxnr). Dr. True likewise supplies us with records of specimens taken in 1888 in neighbor ing parts of the ocean, somewhat beyond the limits of the region as defined in this report. Buzzards Bay; schools frequently seen in Au gust and September. V. N. Edwards. One taken at Menemsha Bight in fish trap October 7, 1901. 782 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. Delphinus delphis Linnaeus. Common dolphin. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 7 (no local records). Dr. True furnishes the following record : " Woods Hole, Mass., September 29, 1884. Male and female. Skeletons in U. S. National Museum, received from U. S. Fish Commission. (These may have merely been brought into Woods Hole from some other place)." He also cites several captures of this species in adjacent parts of the ocean, beyond the limits of this region, strictly speaking. Family Fiber zibethicus (Linnaeus). Muskrat. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 17 (no local records). Lackeys Bay, in marsh; Great Pond; Waquoit Bay; TisburyPond; Chilmark Pond; Herring Pond (at Edgartown). V. N. Edwards. Builds nests from dead eelgrass, marsh grass, etc., at first forming a solid heap, which is then ex cavated. These animals are trapped through out the winter. Family Phoca mtulina Linnseus. Harbor seal. H. M. Smith, 1900, G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 20 (no local records). Scraggy Neck; Lackeys Bay; Woods Hole Har bor; common some years, a herd of 100 or more Phoca mtulina Continued. being sometimes seen in Buzzards Bay. Ap pear in middle of October or first of November and continue till April or May; never seen in summer. Caught in fyke nets or gill nets; in the former case they drown; in the latter case they are frequently caught alive, 21 specimens being thus taken by Mr. Edwards within two weeks during January, 1887. Smith. A specimen was shot by Mr. E. F. Locke within the "basin" of the local pier on December 24, 1907. f Cystophora cristata (Erxleben). Hooded seal, crested seal. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 21 (no local records). To this species perhaps belongs a seal said by Mr. V. N. Edwards to be several times as large as the harbor seal and seen by him during more than one season in Lackeys Bay. Family MuSTELnxE. Putorius vison lutreocephalus (Harlan). Little brown mink. G. M. Allen, 1904, p. 25 (no local records). Nonamesset Island, in gutters and salt .sands. V. N. Edwards. Devils Foot Island, in Woods Hole Harbor. F. B. Sumner. BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR FAUNAL CATALOGUE. (Restricted almost wholly to papers recording the occurrence of species within the region comprised by the present report.) ADAMS, C. B. 1839. Observations on some species of the marine shells of Massachusetts, with descriptions of five new species. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. n, p. 262-288, pi. v. 1840. Descriptions of thirteen new species of New England shells. Ibid., vol. in, p. 318-332, pi. in. AGASSIZ, A. 1865. North American Acalephas. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, no. 2, 1865, p. xiv + 234. Cambridge. AGASSIZ, L. 1860-1862. Contributions to the natural history of the United States, vol. in and iv. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. ALLEN, G. M. 1904. Fauna of New England. 3. List of the Mammalia. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vn, no. 3, p. 1-35. 1909. Fauna of New England, n. List of the Aves. Ibid., VII, no. n, p. 1-230. ALLEN, J. A. 1870. Notes on Massachusetts reptiles and batrachians. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 13, p. 260-263. 1878. A list of the birds of Massachusetts, with annotations. Bulletin of the Essex Institute, vol. 10, p. 3-37. Salem, Mass. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 783 ANDREWS, E. A. 1892. On the eyes of polychsetous annelids. Journal of Morphology, vol. vn, 169-222, pi. ix-xn. Boston. BAIRD, S. F. 1873. List of fishes collected at Woods Hole. Report U. S. Fish Commission 1871-72, p. 823-827. Washington. BANGS, O. 1896. An important addition to the fauna of Massachusetts. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxvii, p. 159-161. BARTSCH, PAUL. 1909. Pyramidellidas of New England and the adjacent region. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxxiv, no. 4, p. 67-113, pi. 11-14. 19093. More notes on the family Pyramidellidae. The Nautilus, vol. xxni, no. 4, p. 54-59. Boston . BEAN, B. A. 1909. The proper name of the American eel Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur). Science, n. s., vol. xxix, p. 871, 872. New York. BEAN, T. H. 1884. List of fishes collected by the U. S. Fish Commission at Woods Hole, Mass., during the sum mer of 1881. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1882, p. 339-344. Washington. BENEDICT, J. E. 1901 . The hermit crabs of the Pagurus bernhardus type . Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum , vol. xxni, p. 451-466. Washington. BENEDICT, J. E., AND RATHBUN, M. J. 1891. The Genus Panopeus. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xiv, p. 355-385, pi. xix-xxiv. Washington. BERGH, R. 1885. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der JJolidiaden. VIII. Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botan- ischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Jg. 1885, p. 3-62, taf. I-VH. BIGELOW, M. A. 1902. The early development of Lepas. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. XL, p. 60-141, pi. 1-12. Cambridge. BIOLOGICAL NOTES, No. i. 1900. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 305-310. Washington. (Notes by H. M. Smith, H. C. Bumpus, V. N. Edwards, E. E. Hahn, A. D. Mead, and G. M. Gray). BIOLOGICAL NOTES, No. 2. 1901. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xxi, 1901, p. 27-33. Washington. (Notes by G. H. Sherwood, V. N. Edwards, and H. M. Smith.) BUMPUS, H. C. 1898. The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the month of March, i8o_S. Science, n. s., vol. vn, no. 171, Apr. 8, 1898, p. 485-487. New York, a. The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the month of May, 1898. Ibid., vol. vni, no. 185, July 15, 1898, p. 58-61. . The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the months of June, July, and August, 1898. Ibid., vol. VHI, no. 207, Dec. 16, 1898, p. 850-858. 1899. The reappearance of the tilefish. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xvin, 1898^.321-333. Washington. BUSH, K. J. 1909. Notes on the family Pyramidellidae. American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xxvii, June, 1909, p. 475-484. New Haven. CALKINS, G. N. 1902. Marine protozoa from Woods Hole. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xxi, 1901, p. 413-468. Washington. 16269 Ball. 31, pt 2 13 16 784 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. CALMAN, W. T. 1912. The Crustacea of the order Cumacea in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Pro ceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. XLI, p. 603-676, 112 text fig. Washington. CLAPP, CORNELIA M. 1891. Some points in the development of the toadfish (Batrachus tau). Journal of Morphology, vol. v, p. 494-501. Boston. CLARK, H. L- 1899. The Synaptas of the New England coast. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 21-31, pi. 10. Washington. 1904. The echinoderms of the Woods Hole region. Ibid., vol. XXH, 1902, p. 547-576, pi. I-XIV. 1905. Fauna of New England. 4. List of the Echinodermata. Occasional papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vn, 1905, p. 1-13. 1908. A brittle star new to the Woods Hole fauna. Science, n. s., vol. xxvn, no. 682, Jan. 24,. 1908, p. 147. New York. COE, W. R. 1895. Descriptions of three new species of New England palseonemerteans. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Science and Arts, vol. ix, p. 515-522. New Haven. 1899. Notes on the times of breeding of some common New England nemerteans. Science, n. s., vol. ix, February 3, 1899, p. 167-169. New York. 1902. Nemertean parasites of crabs. American Naturalist, vol. xxxvi, no. 426, p. 431-450. New York. COLE, L. J. 1901. Notes on the habits of pycnogonids. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. 2, no. 5, p. 195-207. 1906. Feeding habits of the pycnogonid Anoplodactylus lentus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, bd. xxix, nr. 24, p. 740, 741. Leipzig. 1910. Peculiar habitat of a pycogonid (Endeis spinosus) new to North America, with observations on the heart and circulation. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. xvin, no. 4, p. 193-203. COLLINS, J. W. 1884. History of the tilefish. Report U. S. Fish Commission 1882, p. 237-294, 2 pi. Washington. CONKLIN, E. G. 1897. The embryology of Crepidula. Journal of Morphology, vol. 13, p. 1-226. Boston. COPE, E. D. 1870. Observations on some fishes, new to the American fauna, found at Newport, R. I., by Samuel Powell. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. xx, p. 118-121. COWLES, R. P. 1903. Notes on the rearing of the larvae of Polygordius appendiculatus and on the occurrence of the adult on the Atlantic coast of America. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Labo ratory at Woods Hole, vol. iv, no. 4, p. 125-128. CTJSHMAN, J. A. 1906. Marine Ostracoda of Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. 32, no. 10, p. 359-385, pi. 27-38. 1908. Foraminifera of the Woods Hole region. Ibid., vol. 34, no. 2, p. 21-34, pi. 5. BALL, W. H. 1889. A preliminary catalogue of the shell-bearing marine mollusks and brachiopods of the south eastern coast of the United States. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, no. 37, 218. p., 74 pi. (Reprinted with 21 additional plates in 1903.) DAVENPORT, C. B. 1891. Observations on budding in Paludicella and some other Bryozoa. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. xxn, no. i, p. 1-114, pi- i-xii. Cam bridge. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 785 DESOR, E. 1848. [Notes in report of meeting.] Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. in, p. 65-68 (meeting of Oct. 18, 1848). EHLERS, ERNST. 1864-68. Die Borstemviirme (Annelida Chaetopoda) nach systematischen und anatomischen Unter- suchungen. 4to. Leipzig. FAXON, W. 1879. On some young stages in the development of Hippa, Porcellana, and Pinnixa. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. v, no. n, p. 253-268, pi. i-v, Cambridge. FEWKES, J. W. 1880. Contributions to a knowledge of the tubular jellyfishes. Bulletin of the Museum of Com parative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. vi, p. 127-146, pi. i-m. Cambridge. 1881. Studies of the jellyiishes of Narragansett Bay. Ibid., vol. vm, no. 8, 1881, p. 141-182, pi. i-ix. 1882. On the Acalephte of the east coast of New England. Ibid., vol. ix, no. 8, p. 291-310, pi. j. 1883. On the development of certain worm larva?. Ibid., vol. XI, no. 9, p. 167-208, pi. i-vni. FIELD, I. A. 1907. Unutilized fishes and their relation to the fishing industries. Bureau of Fisheries doc. no. 622, 50 p., i pi.; also in Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for 1906 and Special Papers. Washington. 1911. The food value of sea mussels. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxix, 1909^.87-128, pi. xvm-xxv. Washington. (Issued separately as Bureau of Fisheries doc. no. 742.) GANONG, W. F. 1886. Is Littorina litorea introduced or indigenous? American Naturalist, vol. xx, p. 931-940. New York. 1889. The economic Mollusca of Acadia. St. John, New Brunswick, 1889, 116 p. (Reprinted from Bulletin no. vm of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick.) GARDINER, E. G. 1895. The early development of Polychoerus caudatus Mark. Journal of Morphology, vol. xi, p. 155-171. Boston. GEROULD, J. H. 1904. The development of Phascolosoma. (Preliminary note.) Archives de Zoologie Experi- mentale et Generale [4], t. xi, Notes et revue, no. 2, p. i-xn. Paris. 1906. The development of Phascolosoma. (Notes on the embryology of Sipunculidae, II.) Zoologischer Jahrbiicher, Abtheilung fur Anatomic, bd. 23, heft i, p. 77-162, taf. 4-11. Jena. 1908. A comparison of the cephalic organs in certain sipunculids. Report of meeting of American Society of Zoologists. Science, n. s., vol. xxvn, p. 488. New York. GILL, THEODORE. 1873. Catalogue of the fishes of the east coast of North America. Report U. S. Fish Commission, 1871-72, p. 779-822. Washington. GOODE, G. B. 1879. The occurrence of Belone latimanus in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. I, p. 6, 7. Washington. 18793. A history of the menhaden. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1877, p. 1-527, pl.i-xxxi. Washington. 1883. Materials for a history of the swordfish. Ibid., iSSo, p. 280-387, pi. i-xxiv. Washington. 1884. Natural history of useful aquatic animals. Part I. The whales and porpoises. The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the United States, sec. i, pt. i, p. 7-32. U. S. Fish Commission, Washington, i884a. Same. Part III. Fishes. Ibid., sec. i, p. 163-682, pi. 35-252. 786 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. GOODS, G. B. AND BEAN, T. H. 1895. Oceanic ichthyology. Special Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, vol. I, p. 1-553, vol. n, pi. i-cxxin. Washington. GOTO, S. 1900. Notes on some exotic species of ectoparasitic trematodes. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 1898-1900, p. 263-295, pi. xx, xxi. GOULD, A. A. 1841. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, comprising the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata. 373 p., 15 pi. Cambridge. 1870. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts. Second edition, comprising the Mollusca. Edited by W. G. Binney. 524 p., xxvii pi. Boston. GRAFF, L. VON. 1911. Acoela, Rhabdoccela und Allceccela des Ostens der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, bd. xcix, hft. i,p. 321-428, pi. i-vi. GURLEY, R. R. 1893. On the classification of the Myxosporidia, a group of protozoan parasites infesting fishes. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. XI, 1891, p. 407-420. Washington. 1894. The Myxosporidia, or psorosperms of fishes, and the epidemics produced by them. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission, 1892, p. 65~304+v, pi. 1-47. Washington. HARGER, O. 1873. (In Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound, p. 567-573. See Verrill and Smith.) 1879. Notes on New England Isopoda. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. n, p. 157-165. Washington. 1880. Report on the marine Isopoda of New England and adjacent waters. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1878, p. 297-462, pi. i-xm. Washington. HARGITT, C. W. 1900. A contribution to the natural history of Pennaria tiarella McCrady. American Naturalist, vol. xxxiv, no. 40, p. 387-406, pi. i-iv. New York. 1901. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XIV. The Hydromedusae, pt. i. Ibid , vol. xxxv, no. 412, April, 1901, p. 301-315. 19013. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XIV. The Hydromedusae, pt. n. Ibid., vol. xxxv, no. 413, May, 1901, p. 379-395. igoib. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XIV. The Hydromedusae, pt. in. Ibid., vol. xxxv, no. 415, July, 1901, p. 575-595. 1902. Notes on a few medusae new to Woods Hole. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. n, no. i, p. 13-23, 1902. 19023. Notes on the coelenterate fauna of Woods Hole . American Naturalist, vol. xxxvi, no. 427, July, 1902, p. 549-560. New York. 1903. Synopses of North American invertebrates. XIV. The Scyphomedusse, pt. iv. Ibid., vol. xxxvn, no. 437, p. 331-345- 1904. The medusae of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxiv, 1904, p. 21-79, pl- i-vn. Washington. 1906. Experiments on the behavior of tubicolous annelids. Journal of Experimental Zoology, vol. in, no. 2, p. 295-320. Philadelphia. 1908. Notes on a few coelenterates of Woods Hole. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. xiv, no. 2, p. 95-120. 1909. New and little-known hydroids of Woods Hole. Ibid., vol. xvn, no. 6, p. 369-385. 1911. A further note on Keratosum complexum. Ibid., vol. xx, no. 3, p. 187-189. HAY, W. P. 1905. A revision of Malaclemmys, a genus of turtles. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxiv, 1904, p. 3-19, pi. i-xii. Washington. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 787 HENSHAW, S. 1904. Fauna of New England, i. List of the Reptilia. Occasional papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vu, p. 1-13. HERRICK, F. H. 1896. The American lobster. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xv, 1895, p. 1-252, pi. 1-54. Washington. 1902. The reproductive period in the lobster. Ibid., vol. xxi, 1901, p. 161-166. 1911. Natural history of the American lobster. Ibid., vol. xxix, 1909, p. 149-408, pi. xxxrn- XLVII. (Issued separately as Bureau of Fisheries document no. 747.) HOLMES, S. J. 1901. Observations on the habits and natural history of Amphithoe longimana Smith. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. u, p. 165-193. 1903. Synopses of North American invertebrates, xvni. The Amphipoda. American Naturalist, vol. xxxvn, p. 267. 1905. The Amphipoda of southern New England. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxiv, 1904, p. 457-529, pi. i-xin. HOWE, R. H., AND ALLEN, G. M. 1901. The birds of Massachusetts. 154 p. Cambridge. HYATT, A. 1877. Revision of the North American Poriferae; with remarks upon foreign species. Part u. Me moirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. n, pt. iv, p. 11-84, P - S- 1 ?- 1878. Article "Sponges" in Johnson s New Universal Cyclopaedia, Appendix, p. 1667-1670. (Fig ure of " Tethya grmiala Hyatt (N. S.)" on p. 1668.) JACKSON, J. B. S. 1845. Dissection of a spermaceti whale, and three other cetaceans. Boston Journal of Natural History, vol. v, p. 137-171. JONES, L. 1906. A contribution to the life history of the common (Sterna hirundo) and roseate (S. dougalli) terns. Wilson Bulletin, vol. xvni, n. s. no. 2, p. 35-47. Oberlin, Ohio. JORDAN, D. S., AND EVERMANN, B. W. 1896-1900. The fishes of North and Middle America. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, no. 47, iv pt., 1-3313 p., i-cccxcn pi. Washington. JUDD, S. D. 1896. Descriptions of three species of sand fleas (amphipods) collected at Newport, R. I. Pro ceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xvni, p. 593-603. Washington. KENDALL, W. C. 1902. Notes on the silversides of genus Menidia of the east coast of United States, with descriptions of two new subspecies. Report U. S. Fish Commission 1901, p. 241-267. Washington. 1908. Fauna of New England. 8. List of the fishes. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. vn, no. 8, p. 1-152. 1911. Notes upon two rare flatfishes (Gymnachirus fasciatus Giinther and G. nudus Kaup). Pro ceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. 40, p. 201-203. Washington. KENDALL, W. C., AND SMITH, H. M. 1895. Extension of the recorded range of certain marine and fresh-water fishes of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Bulletin U. S. Fish Commission, vol. XIV, 1894, p. 15-21. Washington. KiNGSLEY, J. S. 1897. On a new genus and two new species of macrurous Crustacea. Bulletin of the Essex Institute, vol. xxvii, p. 95-99, pi. in. Salem, Mass. LEFEVRE, G. 1898. Budding in Perophora. Journal of Morphology, vol. xiv, no. 3, p. 367-424, pi. xxix-xxxii. Boston. LEIDY, J. 1855. Contributions toward a knowledge of the marine invertebrate fauna of the coasts of Rhode Island and New Jersey. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. in, 2d ser., p. 3-18, pi. x, xi. y88 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. LEWIS, MARGARET. 1899. Clymene products sp. nov. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xxvin, p. 111-115, pl- I > 2 - LINTON, E. 1889. Notes on entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. Report of the U. S. Fish Commission 1886, p. 453-511, pi. i-vi. Washington. 1890. Notes on entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. Part n. Ibid., 1887, p. 719-899, pi. i-xv. 1891. Notes on entozoa of marine fishes, with descriptions of new species. Part III. Acantho- cephala. Ibid., 1888, p. 523-542, pi. UII-LX. 18913. On the anatomy of Thysanocephalum crispum Linton, a parasite of the tiger shark. Ibid., 1888, p. 543-555. Pi- I.XI-LXVII. iSgib. On certain wart-like excrescences on the short minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, due to psorosperms. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. ix, 1889, p. 99-102, pi. xxxiv. 1897. Notes on larval cestode parasites of fishes. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xix, p. 787-824, pi. i-vin. Washington. 18973. Notes on cestode parasites of fishes. Ibid., vol. xx, p. 423-456, pi. xxvii-xxxiv. 1898. Notes on trematode parasites of fishes. Ibid., vol. xx, p. 507-548, pi. XL-LIV. 1900. Fish parasites collected at Woods Hole in 1898. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 267-304, pi. xxxni-xun. Washington. 1901. Parasites of fishes of the Woods Hole region. Ibid., vol. xix, 1899 p. 405-492, pi. i-xxxiv. 1905. Notes on cestode cysts, Taenia chamissonii, new species, from a porpoise. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxvin, p. 819-822, pi. xxxv. Washington. 1907. A cestode parasite in the flesh of the butterfish. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, vol. xxvi, 1906, p. 111-132, pi. I and n. Washington. 19073. Notes on Calyptrobothrium, a cestode genus found in the torpedo. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxxn, p. 275-284. Washington. 1910. On a new rhabdocoele commensal with Modiolus plicatulus. Journal of Experimental Zoology, vol. ix, no. 2, p. 371-384, pi. 1-4. LINVILLE, H. R. 1903. Natural history of some tube-forming annelids. Mark Anniversary Volume, p. 225-235. New York. MARK, E. L. 1892. Polychcerus caudatus, n. g. and sp. of turbellarians. (Acsela, fam. Aphanostomidtz). Fest schrift z. Geburtstage R. Leuckarts, p. 298-309, pi. xxxi. Leipzig. MAYER, A. G. 1900. Descriptions of new and little-known medusae from the western Atlantic. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, vol. xxxvn, no. i, p. 1-9, pi. 1-6. Cambridge. 1901. The variations of a newly arisen species of Medusa. Science Bulletin, Museum of the Brook lyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, vol. I, no. r, p. 1-27, pi. i, n. 1910. Medusa of the world. Publication No. 109 of the Carnegie Institution, vol. i, n, in; 775 p., pi. 1-76. Washington. MAYER, P. 1903. Die Caprellidae der Siboga- Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie, xxxiv, p. 1-160, pi. i-io. Leiden. MEAD, A. D. 1897. The early development of marine annelids. Journal of Morphology, vol. xm, no. 2, p. 227- 326, pi. x-xix. Boston. 1898. The breeding of animals at Woods Holl during the month of April, 1898. Science, n. s., vol. vii, no. 177, May 20, 1898, p. 702-704. New York. 1900. The natural history of the starfish. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, vol. xix, 1899, p. 203-224, pi. 23-26. Washington. MENSCH, P. C. 1900. Stolonization in Autolytus varians. Journal of Morphology, vol. xvi, no. 2, p. 269-322, pi. xm, xiv. Jena. METCALF, M. M. 1900. Notes on the morphology of the Tunicata. Zoologischer Jahrbucher, bd. xm, heft 4. p. 495-602. P 1 - 34-40- Jena. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF WOODS HOLE AND VICINITY. 789 MONTGOMERY, T. H. 1897. Descriptions of new metamemerteans. Zoologischer Jahrbiicher, Syst. Abth., bd. x, p. 1-14. Jena. MOORE, ANNE. 1900. Dinophilus gardineri (sp. nov.) Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, vol. I, p. 15-18. MOORE, J. P. 1898. The leeches of the U. S. National Museum. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, vol. xxi, p. 543-563, pi. XL. Washington. 1903. Descriptions of two new species of Polychaeta from Woods Hole, Mass. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for November, 1903, p. 720-726, pi. XL. 19033. Some pelagic Polychseta new to the Woods Hole fauna. Ibid., 1903, p. 793-801, pi. LV. 1905. A new species of sea mouse (Aphrodita hastata) from eastern Massachusetts. Ibid., 1905, p. 294-298. 19053. Some marine Oligochseta of New England. Ibid., 1905, p. 373-399, pi. xxxn, xxxm. 1906. Descriptions of new species of Polychaeta from the southeastern coast of Massachusetts. Ibid., 1906, p. 501-508, pi. xix. 1907. Descriptions of new spioniform annelids. Ibid., 1907, p. 195-207, pi. XV, XVI. 19073. Description of a new species of annelid from Woods Hole. Ibid., 1907, p. 448-451. MORGAN, T. H. 1891. The growth and metamorphosis of Tornaria. Journal of Morphology, vol. v, p. 407-458. Boston. 18913. A contribution to the embryology and phylogeny of the pycnogonids. Studies from the Biological Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, vol. v, no. i, p. 1-76, pi. i-vm. Baltimore. MURBACH, L. 1895. Preliminary note on the life history of Gonionemus. Journal of Morphology, vol. XI, p. 493-496. Boston. 1898. Hydroids from Woods Hole, Mass. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, vol. 42, p. 341-360, pi. 34. London. NICKERSON, W. S. 1898. Preliminary notice of a new species of endoproct, Loxosoma davenporti, from the Massachu setts cosst. Science n. s., vol. vn, p. 220. New York. 1899. Notes on Loxosoma davenporti. Ibid., vol. ix, p. 368. 1901. On Loxosoma davenporti, sp. nov. Journal of Morphology, vol. xvn, p. 351-380. Boston. NUTTING, C. C. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidse. Special Bulletin of the U. S. Na