Any kind of publication, including multivolume works, articles in journals and books. The Publication, whether a voume in a series, fascicle, stand-alone publication etc. Unbounded to allow for more than one volume or fascicle within a publication. Items usually found before the main taxonomic text. Some overlap with back matter because of the variablity of placment of these items. Title of series of which the volume or fascicle is a part. Subtitle of series of which the volume or fascicle is a part. Full title of publication, volume or fascicle. Any subtitle of the publication, volume or fascicle. Author(s) of the publication (may differ from TreatmentAuthors below). Editor(s) of the publication. Date of publication as cited on title page. ISBN Number. Any of several types of Introductory matter: Introduction, Foreword, Preface, Dedication, etc. Any of these may be by the author(s) of the work or a different author. May include image and text. The contents of the abstract, if present. Formatted as a table. May be formatted as a table. The main section of a taxonomic work, usually a single section, but sometimes repeats, for example when there is a separate supplement. Treatment of taxa within Publication. Taxa at the same level can be treated as such, and taxa at lower hierarchical levels an be treated within each treatment. Items usually found after the main taxonomic text. Some overlap with front matter because of the variablity of placment of these items. May be formatted as a table. An inscription usually placed at the end of a publication, giving facts about its publication. Att: ElementID A section summarizing the important points of the publication. The title of the abstract, if present (usually 'Abstract'). The text of the abstract in separate elements for each paragraph. Repeat of name in the TaxonHeading, along with other information cited, including author, publication, etc. Full text of paragraph, if present. If there is no paragraph for this (e.g., if the heading has all the elements or if the taxon is new) then the elements below should still be entered. Year of publication as (if) given in heading. Designation indicating that the author believes he/she is erecting a new name, new combination, or new status; e.g., "nom. nov.", "sp. nov.", "gen. nov.", "comb. nov.", "stat. nov." etc. Any comment following the name other than the authors' comments regarding its status or certainty. any level of certainty that the author attributes to name/rank combination, e.g., "cf." "aff.", "?" The original place of validation/publication of the name (protologue). A section giving credit to those the author(s) wish to credit in some way. The title of the acknowledgements, if any (usually 'Acknowledgements'). The text of the acknowledgements in separate elements for each paragraph. One or more sections, usually at the end of a publication, with supplementary material. The title of the appendix, if any (usually 'Appendix'). Appendices may be in the form of text or tables and may be broken into subsections. The title for any subsection of the Appendix. The contents of a subsection of the Appendix. Each subsection be a table or may be divided into paragraphs. Each paragraph or table will be a repeat. A section listing the works cited in the publication, usually at the end of the publication. Title of the bibliography (usually 'Bibliography'). Any introductory text, in separate elements for each paragraph. The text of the bibliography in separate elements for each citation. The full bibliographic entry for a single citation, including author string, date, and other citation details. Names of author(s) as given in publication. A grouping of elements needed to describe all kinds of reference citations. Nomenclatural comment attributed to author(s) of citation. Any circumscription comment made in the primary citation, with its own citation. Details of circumscription publication if referred to in Primary Citation. Author(s) to whom comments are attributed. Circumscription comment as given in primary citation. Information about the content of the publication cited which is attributed to author(s) of the current treatment. Information about the status of the publication cited which is attributed to author(s) of the current treatment. Information about the status of the name cited which is attributed to author(s) of the current treatment. Information pertaining to type specimen or type taxon. e.g. 'ex collection', 'in herbarium' etc. - effectively a non-published source A section, often in the form of a table, that lists the topics or headings in a publication, showing their order and the place where they may be found. The title of the contents section, if any (usually 'Contents'). Any introductory text that explains the contents or its formatting, in separate elements for each paragraph. Full text of the contents section, usually set out as a table, if not with separate entries in repeats of the element. The complete string of names of contributors (e.g. author, collector, expedition) as given in publication, e.g., Tudor, Henry and Jane Seymour. Name of each contributor, separated out; repeats for each individual; later in interpretation layer linked to to a list of standardized names. A section containing the descriptive characters of organisms. Particularly in botanical works. Particularly in botanical works. Diagnosis in same language as rest of publication. Description in same language as rest of publication. Att: ElementID A section containing any discussions of the taxa treated. General discussion of taxon. Might include some or all of the discussion types below, and other unspecified elements. Discussion of morphological characteristics of taxon. Any comments on specimens or other examples of taxon examined in the course of the treatment. Discussion related to the circumscription of the taxon in the treatment. Comparison between the taxon under consideration and other taxa. Discussion of the geographic range, biogeography etc of the taxon. Discussion of the conservation status of the taxon. Discussion of the general biology or ecology of the taxon. Discussion related to the type taxonor specimen of the taxon. Discussion of the known economic importance of the taxon. Might subsequently be split into various fields, such as users, use, location, culture, etc. Comments on synecologically related taxa (e.g., symbiont, parasite, host etc.). Discussion of the known economic importance of the taxon. Might subsequently be split into various fields, such as users, use, location, culture, etc. Etymology statement or discussion. Discussion of other works relevant to the taxon. Discussion of molecular information. Discussion of classification of taxon, including taxa related phylogenetically or in the classification. The discussion A section containing specific distribution information and all/any specimen citations. The title of the distribution or specimen citations section, if present. The text of the distribution discussion section in separate elements for each paragraph. One iteration should be required. Location at which gethering event took place. Analagous to a subset of ABCD elements, but less rigidly defined. The title of the errata section, if any (usually 'Errata'). Full text of the Errata section, usually set out as a table, if not with separate entries in repeats of the element. An ornamental figure or illustration that faces or preceeds the title page of a publication. The title of the frontispiece, if any (usually 'Frontispiece'). The text of the frontispiece in separate elements for each paragraph. The person(s) or expedition responsible for the collection. Equivalent to ABCD 'GatheringAgent'. Number collector gave to specimen and/or station number of expedition. Similar in concept to ABCD 'GatheringCode'. Date(s) of the gathering or observation event. A subset of ABCD. Comments in text about collection of specimen(s) (e.g. all duplicates in Botany). Similar to the 'Synecology' element of ABCD, although that has less detail and includes a broader concept of associated taxa. A list of specialised or technical words or passages with their definitions, usually at the back of a publication. The title of the glossary, if any (usually 'Glossary'). Any introductory text that explains the glossary or its formatting, in separate elements for each paragraph. Full text of the glossary, set out as a table, or text. If the latter, with separate entries in repeats of the element. Text of the image caption, including Figure number, name, description etc. Components in the caption that relate to the entire image. Taxon Author String, not broken down, may include year. Any other text or symbol in the image caption. Components in the caption that relate to one or more portions of the image. Taxon Author String, not broken down, may include year. Any other text or symbol in the image caption. Full Reference text ID of Target Image Element A section that serves as a guide or facilitates reference. Usually a list of important subjects, names, places, etc. in a publication giving page or pages on which the item is used. The title of the index, if any (usually 'Index'). Any introductory text that explains the index or its formatting, in separate elements for each paragraph. Full text of the index, set out as a table, or text. If the latter, with separate entries in repeats of the element. Any of several types of Introductory matter: Introduction, Foreward, Preface, Dedication, etc. Any of these may be by the author(s) of the work or a different author. The title of the introductory section if any. The text of the Introductory section in separate elements for each paragraph. The author(s), place and date of writing of the Introductory text, if given. Author name(s). Place and date, if present. The section of a key where a choice must be made between competing statements (lugs). Att: NodeID; ParentNodeID; ParentKeyID Statement about taxa included, to be contrasted with other lugs. Full text of Key Lug, including Lug identifier and key reference. An identifier that can be used to connect all elements of a decision node (i.e., couplet in a dichotomous key). May be a letter or a number. An identifier that indicates an individual Lug. May be a letter or a number, sometimes with a superscript added. One or more morphological characters (and sometimes other information such as geography or behaviour that may assist the user in identification). Text given without the Lug Identifier or Key reference, may include reference(s) to Illustrations that may be cross-referenced. Reference to name or subsequent key decision node led to from this lug. Number or letter used to link to another part of the key. Taxon Name identified from the lug. Author of lowest rank taxon identified from lug. Year or any other information included after the name string. Identifying number of taxon in the treatement. Page number of the taxon treatment, if cited in the key. Title, if any, of the key. Any introductory text to the key. The section of a key where a choice must be made between competing statements (lugs). A list of words considered by the author, editor, or publisher to describe the most important points of a publication. Title for section, usually 'Key words' if present. Full text, not including heading. Full key words string. Key words atomised Will include continent or ocean level data. Any modifier included by the author, e.g. '?'. Will include political data at the level of Country or equivalent. Any modifier included by the author, e.g. '?'. Will include political data at the first level below Country, e.g., state, province, etc. Any modifier included by the author, e.g. '?'. Will include political data at the second level below Country, e.g., county, province, district, etc Any modifier included by the author, e.g. '?'. Any cited location other than the above, including altitude, depth etc. Any modifier included by the author, e.g. '?'. Might include latitude and longitude, or other forms of georeference. May need subsequent interpretation. Any qualification given, e.g. 'approximately', '?', 'ca.'. Distance above sea level of collecting site Units in which altitude is measured in text (e.g. feet, meters etc) Any qualification given, e.g. 'approximately', '?', 'ca.'. Figure for altitude given, without qualification or units. Might be a single figure or a range. Distance below ground datum, e.g. water level Units in which depth is measured in text (e.g. feet, meters etc) Any qualification given, e.g. 'approximately', '?', 'ca.'. Figure for depth given, without qualification or units. Might be a single figure or a range. Information pertaining to type specimen or type taxon. Whether type specimen or type taxon. Comments on the status by the author, such as "conserved", Not Avaiable etc. Information pertaining to a the name that typifies a name at a rank above species as defined by the relevant code. Information pertaining to a type specimen or specimens, type illustration, or a reference to a previously published reference to a type. Statement from text on designation applying to either specimens or taxa (e.g. monotypy, holotype, iconotype, combined description, Lectotype [in secondary citations] etc.). Location at which gethering event took place. Subset of ABCD elements. Information pertaining to a type which is an illustration or a reference to a previously published work. Information pertaining to a the name that typifies a name at a rank above species as defined by the relevant code. Name of the Taxon. The full name string text. Needed for genus and any rank below genus. A section containing comments or explanations in a publication. The title of the notes section, if any. The text of the notes section in separate elements for each paragraph. The attribute KindOfAuthor enables differentiation between 'Citation Author' vs. 'Article or Book Author' A section of text following the work. The title of the postscript if any (usually 'Postscript'). The text of the postscript in separate elements for each paragraph. The author, place and date of writing of the postscript, if given. Names of author(s) as given in publication. Place and date, if present. The complete string of names of author(s) or editor(s) as given in publication, e.g., Tudor, Henry and Jane Seymour. Name of each author or editor, separated out; repeats for each individual; later in interpretation layer linked to to a list of standardized names. The name of the title of the article in which the treatment was found, if present. Place of publication (Journal, Book, or Book Series, etc). Volume letter or number in which the treatment was found. Pages, figures and any other marker within volume (e.g. number or column) cited. Date of publication given in citation. Any comment on Cited date by treatment author or other, including alternative publication date, if different from Cited Date. Image reference if required. Might be stored under 'pagination' if desired. Full title of portion of taxonomic work (or fascicle). Any subtitle of the portion of the taxonomic work (or fascicle). Author(s) of the publication (may differ from TreatmentAuthor below). May include image and text. Formatted as a table. May be formatted as a table. Will generally be the same as the specimen related to, but occasionally is different, when this element may be used. The geographical area in which the relationship has been observed. The environmental conditions associated with the relationship. Repository of the specimen as cited. Catalogue number given by cited repository to specimen. Sex of specimen (botanical or zoological). Stage of specimen (botanical or zoooglical). Full synonym paragraph as cited in text. Necessary to have unbounded element when multiple names or other components are included in a single synonym citation paragraph. e.g. Basionym of Accepted Name, Original Name of Accepted Name, Synonym, Pro Parte Synonym. Year of publication as (if) given in heading. e.g. "syn.nov." Any comment following the name other than the authors' comments regarding its status or certainty any level of certainty that the author attributes to the synonym Stated Taxon Author(s) as distinct from the Treatment author. The attribute AppliesToRank indicates the rank the author string is applied to. It is used only if multiple author strings are applied to a TaxonNameString. The atttibute KindOfAuthor has the values Basionym (Parenthetic) vs. Original or Combination Author(s) for each and, if applicable, "in", "manuscript", or "apud". The full text of a taxon heading. The rank applied by the author to the name as stated in the text, which may be present in the original text (explicit) or not (implicit). At times it may be a matter of opinion what the rank of a name is, in such cases, the information and its attribution belong in the Interpreted Layer. Any identification numeral or letter that identifies the taxon within the heading text. Usually consecutive numbering for names with the same rank within the taxon of next higher rank. The complete name of the taxon in the header without any identifier or authorship. Stated Taxon Author(s) as distinct from the Treatment author(s). Att: Explicit; AppliesToRank, for those cases in which more than one author string is included in a name string that applies to the name at more than one rank (e.g., species and variety). Year of publication as (if) given in heading. Designation indicating that the author believes he/she is erecting a new name, new combination, or new status; e.g., "nom. nov.", "sp. nov.", "gen. nov.", "comb. nov.", "stat. nov." etc. Any comment following the name other than the authors' comments regarding its status or certainty. Authors' comments regarding status or level of certainty attributed to name/rank combination, e.g., "cf." "aff.", "?" The full name string text. The Attribute InformalName is a flag indicating whether the name is purported to be a valid (Bot) or available (Zoo) name. Genus name is required for any name of rank genus or below. Grouped to allow for infrageneric names at different ranks. Repeatable to allow for the rare occurence of multiple infrageneric names in a name string. Needed, when present, for ranks below genus. Usually subgenus. Species epithet is required for any name of rank species or below. Grouped to allow for infraspecific names at different ranks. Repeatable to allow for the occurence of multiple infraspecific names in a name string. Needed, when present, for ranks below species. Usually subspecies, especially in Zoology. Designation and atomisation of the elements needed for hybrid or graft-chimaera names or formulas. Nnamed hybrids or graft-chimaera and hybrid formulas can both be accommodated. The rank at which the hybrid or graft-chimaera is noted. The symbol, letter or word used to designate the hybrid or graft-chimaera, i.e., 'x', '+', 'notho-' or 'n-'. Allows for hybrid or graft-chimaera parents' names to be atomised. The first parent is taken to be the name in the main heading elements above. Also allows for information about the sex of all parents to be captured. The first parent is taken to be the name in the main heading elements above. The attribute OrderOfParent has a default of 2. Required if AdditionalParentNames is used. Needed, when present, for ranks below genus. Usually subgenus. Needed for species and below. Full informal name string; an informal name may be a variety of things, but the simplest definition is 'any kind of name that does adhere to the ICBN or ICZN rules of nomenclature'. Horticultural and trade name elements for plants in cultivation, according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). A cultivar group name according to the ICNCP (assemblages of two or more similar, named cultivars within a genus, species, nothogenus, nothospecies or other denomination class). Cultivar name according to the ICNCP. Trade name(s) for a specific cultivar according to the ICNCP (a trade designation is used in place of the accepted cultivar epithet when the accepted epithet is considered unsuitable for marketing purposes). Name of the breed of an animal. Name of an individual animal. The taxon treatment element is used for each and every taxon included in a taxonomic publication. This is the basic recursive unit within the Schema. Att: TaxonID; ParentNodeID; SiblingNodePreviousID; SiblingNodeNextID; RecognizedInTreatment; TreatmentLanguage Text string listing the author(s) of the treatment. Understood, unless otherwise stated, that this listing applies to all Taxa included within Treatment. Publication date of the taxon treatment according to information in the publication. This may differ from the date on the title page of the publication as should reflect the entire publication which may have been published in parts over a span of time. Multiple dates may be entered, giving the alternatives for a subject specialist to chose between in the interpretive layer to assign validity/availability according to the relevant Code. If there is no date present, then this information will have to be elsewhere, i.e., in an interpretive layer. For the BCA this is found as fascicle dates at the foot of some pages. If a treatment spans fascicles, dates of both fascicles. A place to store information about the author(s)' included classification above the rank of the actual treated taxa. The rank applied by the author to the name as stated in the text, which may be present in the original text (explicit) or not (implicit). At times it may be a matter of opinion what the rank of a name is, in such cases, the information and its attribution belong in the Interpreted Layer. The complete name of the taxon in the header without any identifier or authorship. The Heading line(s) for a Taxon treatment. Group for accepted/valid name and all synonyms cited Repeat of name in the TaxonHeading above, along with other information cited, including author, publication, etc. Entire paragraph of text. Paragraphs giving citations of synonym(s) Key or keys within the treatment. May be on many different forms, and either in a single block or partitioned through the text. Descriptions and/or diagnoses wither in Latin or the language of the treatment, if different. Covers different types of discussions, although these are not broken down beyond general types in this schema. Notes on the distribution of the taxon. Vernacular names used for the taxon; could be mltiple repeats of the group. The attribute PositionOfImage has values of 'in volume', 'in separate volume', or 'outside work'. The attribute TreatmentOrCitation refers to whether the image is in the current treatment or in a cited treatment. Full text string as it appears in text. An element for each vernacular name and associated information. The vernacular name as it appears in the text. Language of vernacular name. Geographic location or area in which the name is used. Any other information about the vernacular name in the text. Source(s) of a vernacular name, includes Publications, specimens, and other sources. Other, unpublished, source of vernacular name.