S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O B O T A N Y N U M B E R 1 8
The Genus Aphelandra
(Acant haceae)
Dieter C. Wasshausen
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
City of Washington
1975
ABSTRACT
Wasshausen, Dieter C. The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae). Smithsonian
Contributions to Botany, number 18, 157 pages, 56 figures, frontispiece, 1975.-
The purpose of this study is to discuss, in an orderly fashion, all of the known
and recognized species of Aphelandra, so that botanists in the future may be
able to identify their collections of the genus and detect further undescribed
species. The genus was proposed in 1810 by Robert Brown to include three
disjunct species of Justicza. The only comprehensive treatment of the genus
appeared in 1847, when Nees von Esenbeck published a total of 47 species in 3
genera, two of which are in synonymy. As a result of the present study, in
addition to the 31 newly described species, 167 taxa (165 species and 2 varieties)
are considered as adequately describing the entities in this genus. The range of
the genus extends from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil,
being conspicuously absent in the West Indies. It is found at elevations between
sea level and 4000 meters, in extremely local distribution in virgin forests.
Aphelandra, one of the larger genera of the family Acanthaceae, is completely
void of cystoliths, the familiar character by which most acanthaceous plants are
recognized. Its flowering spikes are often large and beautifully colored, even
to the bracts and bractlets, and in certain species variegated or colored leaves
occur. Important characters in the genus that link large series of species are the
presence or absence of spiny interpetiolar bracts; of teeth, spiny or otherwise,
on the margins of the leaf blades or flower bracts; and of ocelli on the flower
bracts. These plants are, as a rule, widely scattered and are often only sparingly
floriferous, Intergrades between species are unknown, and species represented by
more numerous collections exhibit very few pronounced variations in appearance
or in essential characters.
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded
in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsoflian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER .5069. SERIES COVFR
DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Wasshausen, Dieter C.
The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae)
(Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 18)
Sup. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29: 18.
Bibliography: p.
1. Aphelandra. I. Title. 11. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to
botany, no. 18.
QKlS2747 no. 18 [QK495.A1655] 581’.08s [583.81! 743108
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office
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Contents
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Pollen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Illustrated Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aphelandra R. Brown . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. @orphyrocarpa Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. acanthus Nees , , . . , . . , , , , , , , . , _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. eurystoma Mildbraed . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. acanthifolia Hooker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. tillettii Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. grangeri Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. euopla Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. rusbyi Britton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. rubra Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. dasyantha Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. juninensis Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
A. formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. mwtisii Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. luyensis Lindau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. weberbaueri Mildbraed . .
A. mucronata (Ruiz & Pavbn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. crispata Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. castanifolia Britton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Iyrata Nees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. cuscoensis Wasshausen , . , , , , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. peruviana Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. longibracteata Lindau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. lamprantha Leonard . .
A. dukei Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. deppeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. storkii Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. lasia Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. hytaea Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. chamissmiana Nees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. ornata (Nees) T. Anderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. sulphurea Hooker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. nemoralis Nees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. phrynioides Lindau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. obtusifolia (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination . . . . . . .
A. tridentafta Hemsley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. dunlapiana Standley & L. 0. Williams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley
A . aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley
A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. nitens (Hooker) Wasshausen,
new combination . .
A. tonduzii Leonard
A. seibertii Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. neesiana Wasshausen, new name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. maximiliana (Nees) Bentham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
A. pamiflora Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. caput-medusae Lindau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. decorata (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. adscendens Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. fasciculata Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. aristei Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. trianae Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A . xanthantha Leonard . . . . .
A. sericantha Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. fernandezii Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. sinclairiana Nees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. grandis Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. darienensis Wass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. garciae Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. straminea Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. micans Moritz ex Vatke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. taborensis Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. at'tenuata Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. crenata Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. Eingua-bovis Leona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. chaponensis Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. hartwegiana Nees ex Bentham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. scolnikae Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. pharangophila Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. barkleyi Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. mildbraediana Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. albert-smithii Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
107. A. gracilis Leonard
108. A. dielsii Mildbraed
. . . . . . . . . . . _ .
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121. A. variegata Morel
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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125.
126.
127. A. nefihoica Wasshausen . . . , . .
128.
A. martiusii Washausen, new name . . , , , . , . . . . . . , . . , . . , . . , . , , . , . . . . . . . , . . . . , . .
A. squarrosa Nees , . , . , . , , , . , . , , . , , , , , . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. andrei Leonard , , . , , , , . , , . . . . , , , , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
129.
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A. camfiii Wasshausen . , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. acrensis Lindau , . . . , . . . , , , , , , . . , . . . , . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . . .
A. diachyla Leonard
A. marginata Nees & Martius . . , , . . . , . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .
A. nuda Nees
A. tomentosa Lindau
A. hapala Wasshausen . . , . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . .
A. colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard
A. steyermarkii Wasshausen . . . . . . . . , . . , . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .
A. lasiophylla Leonard , , , , . , , , . , , , . , . . , , , , . . . . . , . , , , . , . , , , , , , , , , . . , . . , . . . , . . . .
A. limbatifolia Lindau , , . . , , , , , . . , , , , , , . , , . . . . . , . . , , , , , ,
A. verticillata Nees ex Hemsley . . ,
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A. pinarotricha Leonard . . . . , , , . . . . . , . . . . . . t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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142. A. latibracteata Wasshausen , . . . , , . . ,
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
149. A. guayasii Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150. A. lawranceae Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
151.
152. A. galba Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
154. A. cuatrecasasii Leonar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
156. A. paulensis Wasshausen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
157. A. liboniana Linden ex Hooker
158. A. bradeana Rizzini , . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
159. A. dodsonii Wasshausen
160. A. conformis Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .
161. A. dolichantha Donne11 Smith . . , , . . , , . . . . , , , . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . , . , . . . .
162. A. amele,ta Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
163.
164. A. alexandri Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
165. A. schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso. . , . , , . , , . . . . . . . , . . , . , . . . . . . . . . , . . , . , , . .
References . . , . . . , , . . , . , , . , . . . . . , . . . . . . , , . . . . . . , , , , , , . . , , . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
Figures 1-56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. mmtis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger , . . . , , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. madrensis Lindau , , , , , . , , , , . , . , , . , , . . . . . . . .. . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. lineariloba Leonard
A. jacobinioides Lindau . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . , . . . . . ,
A. stephanophysa Nees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
148. A. phlogea Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. arisema Leonard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
153. A. diffusa Wasshausen . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .
155. A. prismatica (Vellozo) Hiern . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A . gigantiflora Lindau . . , , . . . . . . . . , . . . . , . . , , , , , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .
. . , . . . , . . . , , . . , , . . , .
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V

The Genus Aphelandra
(Acanthaceae)
Dieter C. Wasshausen
Introduction
During the course of routine identifications of the
family Acanthaceae from South America, any attempt
to determine specifically the material of the
genus Aphelandra under present consideration
proved very unsatisfactory. As a result ol this and
because of the inadequacy of many of the original
descriptions, as well as types or authentic material,
the author decided to monograph this large neotropical
genus.
The genus Aphelandra belongs to the subfamily
Acanthoideae, tribe Aphelandreae. Its nearest relative
is probably the Old-world genus Crossandra,
consisting of about 50 species from Africa and Asia.
In Crossandra, the upper lip is absent or the corolla
is dorsally deeply clefted, whereas in Aphelandra
the upper lip is present. In the New World, Aphelandra’s
nearest relative is the genus Stenandrium,
distinguished from Aphelandra in that it is usually a
subcaulescent or acaulescent herb, with short nonimbricate
bracts, a narrowly cylindric, rarely enlarging
corolla tube, and a slightly two-lipped
corolla with subequal, spreading lobes.
Aphelandra, one of the larger genera of the family
Acanthaceae, is completely void of cystoliths, the familiar
character by which most acanthaceous plants
are recognized. Its flowering spikes are often large
and beautifully colored, even to the bracts and bractlets,
and in certain species variegated or colored
leaves occur. Because of this and the nectar-yielding,
Dieter C. Wasshausen, Department of Botany, National Museum
of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D.C. 20560.
proterogynous flowers, ornithophily (hummingbirds)
and possibly myrmecophily are important factors
in the pollination systems of these shade plants.
Important characters in the genus, which link large
series of species, are the presence or absence of spiny
interpetiolar bracts, of teeth, spiny or otherwise, on
the margins of the leaf blades or flower bracts, and of
ocelli on the flower bracts. These ocelli may be represented
by one to several rather large oval brownish or
blackish glands plainly visible under a lens or even to
the unaided eye, or again they may be very numerous
and minute, visible only under a high magnification.
Without the aid of high magnification, these minute
ocelli appear as more or less irregular dark alveolar
areas on the floral bracts.
In one large group of species, the pulcherrimatetragona
complex, the lower lip of the corolla initially
appears to be entire and seems to consist of a
single segment. A careful examination will, however,
reveal two small lateral lobes, adnate to the basal portion
of the upper lip with only their tips free and
appearing as small rounded or triangular projections.
Because of their tropical nature and scarcity, little
is known about the cytology of the genus. Diploid
chromosome numbers have been reported for four
cultivated species, as follows (in Bolkhovskikh et al.,
1969): A. aurantiaca and A. chamissoniana, 2n = 28,
reported by Y. Takizawa in 1957; A. cristata (= A.
tetragona), 2n = 68, reported by Narayanan in 1951;
and A. fulgens (= A. deppeana), 2n = 56, reported
by M. Pal in 1964.
The genus is of little economic importance. Some
of the species have beautiful and conspicuous flowers
and bracts and are sometimes found in cultivation. In
1
2 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
spite of their attractiveness, however, most of these
are difficult to raise, thrive only in greenhouses, and
even there require special care.
The range of the genus Aphelandra extends from
southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil.
No specimens of the genus are found in the West
Indies. Like most Acanthaceae, they are of extremely
local distribution in undisturbed forests and are
rarely collected in secondary growth. This pronounced
endemism explains why so many of the
species are still known only from the original collection,
and some may never be found again. Moreover,
many collections have been made in the vicinity of
settlements and along mountain and stream trails
whereas relatively few collections have come from
uninhabited forests, which are the preferred habitats
of the family. Even within suitable areas the plants
are, as a rule, widely scattered and often only sparingly
floriferous. As a result of this rarity, only a
relatively small number of the species are represented
in any one herbarium.
As far as I could ascertain, the species of Aphelandra
are apparently not in a very plastic state. Intergrades
between species are unknown, and even species
represented by more numerous collections exhibit
very few pronounced variations in appearance or in
essential characters.
The actual rarity of the species can be shown by
considering those known from Brazil. In 1847, Nees
von Esenbeck in Martius’ Flora Brasiliensis described
20 new species for that country. Of those, 12 are still
known today only from the type-specimen. For that
reason, as an aid to rapid identification, I have inserted
geographic data in the key.
No attempt has been made here (except for a brief
discussion to indicate some of the possible relationships
of novelties to allied species) to consider the
phylogeny of the species. Additional exploration and
extensive field work is needed to complete my knowledge
of the genus. The purpose of this monograph is
to discuss, in an orderly fashion, all of the known and
recognized species of Aphelandra, so that botanists
in the future may be able to identify their collections
of the genus or use the key to detect further undescribed
species.
I wish to extend my sincerest thanks and appreciation
to Drs. Lyman B. Smith and Kittie F. Parker for
their time and helpful assistance in directing my
research and in checking the manuscript. Dr. John
J. Wurdack deserves my special thanks for generously
sharing with me his vast neotropical experience and
in selecting for my study several critical loans from
European herbaria.
In addition to the extensive collections of the
United States National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution,
I have studied numerous collections from
many European and American herbaria. These herbaria
are cited in abbreviations, according to Lanjouw
and Stafleu’s code in Index Herbariorum, after
each collector’s number. To the curators and keepers
of the institutions mentioned in this work, I wish
to acknowledge my deep appreciation.
History
The genus Aphelandra was proposed by Robert
Brown in his Prodromus of the Flora of New-
Holland in 1810 under Justicia to include the following
species: Justicia pulcherrima Jacquin, J.
scabra Vahl, and 1. cristata Jacquin.
One of the first species to be scientifically recorded
was A. pulcherrima, collected by Nicolaus Joseph von
Jacquin near Cartagena, Colombia, and published
by him in 1762 as Justicia pulcherrima. In 1821
Schrader introduced the name Synandra for S. ignea
in order to accommodate a Brazilian collection made
by Maximilian Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied. Rafinesque
founded the genus Amathea in 1838, based on Jacquin’s
J . pulcherrima. His characteristically contracted
diagnosis is as follows (Rafinesque, 1838:65):
989. AMATHEA Raf. cal. 5 part. cor. ringens, tubo, compr.
faux ampliate, galea erecta bifida, lab. 3 fid. medio major
lanc, deflexa. Stam. 4 subeq. frutic. fl. spic. bract.-Type
Am. pulchru Raf. Justicia do Jacq. pict. 259.
Probably Rafinesque never saw any of the plants concerned
but rather founded his new genus on the
illustration and description of Jacquin.
The genus Strobilorhachis was established by
Klotzsch (1839) upon two species, S. glabra and S.
hirta Klotzsch. He (1841) distinguished the genus
from Aphelandra as not having didynamous stamens
and the presence of a staminode. He further distinguished
the genus as having long highly colored
spikes, quadrifariously imbricated bracts, and a
campanulate corolla throat. Nees von Esenbeck, the
foremost student in his time of the Acanthaceae,
accepted Strobilorhachis in his treatment of this
family (in Martius, 1847). He further added that the
stigma here was compressed, funnel-shaped and twoNUMBER
18 3
lobed, whereas in Aphelandra it was simply twotoothed.
In 1891, Joseph Dalton Hooker, in Curtis’
Botanical Magazine rejected the new genus, stating
that the characters upon which it was distinguished
were neither clear nor constant. He showed the
stigma of S. blanchetiana Nees (= A. blanchetiana)
to be funnel-shaped, but quite entire, proving that
this organ varies considerably in the genus.
The genus Hydromestus was established by Scheidweiler
(1842a) for an in’troduced cultivar, H. maculatus
Scheidweiler, erroneously attributed to Mexico.
He did not distinguish his new genus from Aphelandra,
Nees (1847a:291) citing the species without
any explanation under his new genus Lagochiliurn.
Similarly, Scheidweiler (1842b) published a second
genus, Hemisandra, based on plants grown in the
Jardin Botanique de Bruxelles in the year 1839 from
seeds procured from Mexico. John Lindley (1845),
transferred this new genus to Aphelandra, without
having seen Scheidweiler’s publication, stating that
the type-species (H. aurantiaca Scheidweiler) could
not be distinguished from other well-known species
of Aphelandra.
Still another genus, Lagochilium, was proposed by
Nees (in Martius, 1847). He distinguished his new
genus from Aphelandra by its nearly regular corolla
limb and by its generally herbaceous nature. It
seemed to be intermediate between Aphelandra and
Stenandrium. Six species were initially described by
Nees. The first of these L. maximilianum Nees, by
virtue of its being illustrated, was chosen by Leonard
(1953: 127), as the type-species. Anderson (1864) regarded
the two previously treated distinct genera,
Lagochiliurn and Aphelandra, as congeneric and
consequently united them under Aphelandra. Both
Bentham and Hooker (1876) and Lindau (in Engler
and Prantl 1895) agree with Anderson in recognizing
only the genus Aphelandra.
Nees (1847a) further distinguished within Aphelandra
a section Stenochila, consisting of species in
which the lateral lobes of the lower lip are at least
four times smaller than the middle lobe; and a section
Platychila, consisting of species in which the
lobes of the lower lip are almost equal or at least the
lateral lobes not more than three times smaller than
the middle lobe. The latter section (Platychila), he
further divided into subsection Genuinae, in which
the leaf blades are entire, without marginal spines;
and subsection Acanthoideae, in which the leaf
blades are serrate or pinnately lobed, and the margins
usually spiny. Bentham and Hooker (1876) regarded
these two sections as being artificial but
Gustav Lindau (1895) adhered to them faithfully,
describing all of his new species in one of the two
sections.
In 1948, Carlos Toledo Rizzini repudiated the two
sections as not being very distinct. Emory C. Leonard
(1953) a tireless worker of the neotropical Acanthaceae,
likewise rejected the two sections and
subsections in his treatment of the genus. With the
addition of more specimens available for study, I am
able to recognize only 43 of his 72 newly described
species from Colombia. I agree with both Rizzini
and Leonard that the two sections should no longer
be retained as subdivisions of the genus Aphelandra.
In 1895, Lindau based his accounts on some 60
species; Nees von Esenbeck (1847a) on about 47
species in 3 genera. As a result of my studies, I consider
167 taxa to be adequate to describe the entities
in this genus. Of these 167 taxa (165 species and 2
varieties), 31 species are considered to be new to
science.
Pollen
The Acanthaceae have long been noted for their
great variation in pollen structure. Probably no
other family has such a wide range of pollen morphological
features. The value of these characters
in the taxonomic diagnosis of the Acanthaceae was
first pointed out by Radlkofer in 1883, and it was
on the basis of his work that Lindau (1895) elaborated
the use of pollen morphology as the chief basis
for his classification of the family.
The genus Aphelandra generally has the most
common form of pollen grains of the subfamily
Acanthoideae, namely the three-colporate, found
in most of the tribes. Lindau (1895:282) attributed
“Spaltenpollen” (ellipsoidal grains with 3
longitudinal clefts, often with fine-granulated to
netted sexine) to Aphelandra.
In an attempt to ascertain additional morphological
characters and with the arrival of the, then
novel, Cambridge scanning-electron microscope, the
author proceeded to survey the pollen grains of 60
species of Aphelandra. After examining numerous
specimens of each species, several major pollen
types were found. More significant, though, is the
fact that these pollen types do not correlate sufficiently
with similar characteristics of the inflores4
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
cence and size and shape of the corollas. The following
patterns were observed:
1. The pollen grains of A. flummea from Ecuador
(Figure 49) and A. variegata from Brazil (Figure
50), are somewhat unique; they are not of the
“Spaltenpollen” type usually found in Aphelandra
but rather that of the type described by Lindau
(1904:Z (4):322) for the genus Encephalosphaera.
The pollen grains here are prolate spheroidal, 56p
and 7 1p in diameter respectively, verrucose, the
sexine of A. flammea being serpentine-cerebriform,
and the furrows of both species appear to be converging
in a manner suggesting that the surface of
each grain is divided into six tetragonal sections.
2. Prolate and perprolate pollen grains with a
distinctly verrucose sexine were found in such diverse
species as A. chrysantha from Ecuador (Figures
45, 46), A. marginata from Brazil (Figures 41,
42), and A. weberbaueri from Peru (Figure 43).
Their size ranging from 65p-86p in length and
25p-5Op in diameter.
3. Subprolate and spheroidal pollen grains were
respectively found in A. steyermarkii from Venezuela
(Figures 54, 55), and A. dielsii from Ecuador
(Figures 52, 53).
4. Prolate pollen grains with a smooth sexine
and tectal perforations were observed in three
Mexican species, namely A. madrensis (Figures 22,
23), A. schiedeana (Figure 24), and A. lineariloba
(Figure 25), but these were distinctly lacking in a
fourth closely related Mexican species A. guerrerensis
(Figure 10).
5. Perprolate pollen grains with a distinctly vermiculate
sexine were found in such separate species
as A. peruviana from Peru (Figures 26, 27), A.
chamissoniana from southeastern Brazil (Figure
28), and A. formosa from Ecuador (Figure 33).
6. Prolate pollen grains with a striatoreticulate
sexine were found in numerous distinctly separated
species, such as, A. mutisii from Ecuador (Figure
20), A. wurdackii from Peru (Figure 30), A. claussenii
from Brazil (Figure ll), A. bahiensis from
Brazil (Figure 12), and A. sinclairiana from Panama
(Figure 34).
These observations proved very interesting in
that both the size and the shape as well as the
sexine structure and the aperture varied considerably
in the specimens studied. Unfortunately, as
is commonly the case in tropical studies, fresh material
was not available, and all of my observations
were made from dried herbarium specimens. It
will be necessary to examine living pollen grains
in order to determine the amount of variation
within a species.
Nevertheless, the two conclusions that can be
drawn from this study are (1) that there is considerable
new evidence for the use of pollen characters
in classification of Aphelandra at the
specific level, and (2) that Lindau’s (1894, 1895) and
Bremekamp’s (1938) rearrangements of the tribes
and genera in the family based primarily on the
interpretation of pollen relationships is rather unconvincing
in light of the variability of the pollen
within a genus.
Phytochemistry Data
In the fall of 1971, the author undertook a
feasibility study in the Department of Botany and
the Cell Research Institute of the University of
Texas at Austin to determine both the number
and types of flavonoids present in the genus
A phelandra.
Dried plant material (leaves and/or bracts) was
extracted with slightly acedifid 85 percent methanol
at room temperature. This extract was then
applied to a sheet of Whatman 3 MM chromatographic
paper (46 X 57 cm). Chromotography was
carried out by the descending method, using tbutano1:
acetic acid:water (3: 1: 1 v/v) as the first
solvent, and 15 percent acetic acid as the second
solvent. The flavonoids were detected both in the
presence and absence of ammonia vapor by ultraviolet
light.
Briefly, the chromatographic patterns of about
30 diverse species showed that between 20 and 30
different flavonoids could be detected in the genus
Aphelandra. The positions of these compounds are
illustrated in a composite chromatographic profile
(Figure 56). It is important to note here that no
individual plant contained all of them. Three major
areas were arbitrarily designated for reference
purposes, since it is fairly well established that
flavonoids of a similar type are generally clustered
around the same area of a chromatogram. Area
number 1 involves spots numbered 8-12. These
compounds are easily distinguished by virtue of
their golden yellow color in ultraviolet light with
the absence of ammonia vapor, and are suggestive
of the flavonol-7-glycosides. Area number 2 involves
NUMBER 18 5
spots numbered 1-7. These compounds are distinguished
by their dark purple color, which remains
constant in the presence of ammonia vapor. They
are in a position usually occupied by flavone or
flavonol aglycones. Area number 3 (spots numbered
13-24) is occupied by the most variable and
heterogeneous groups of flavonoids. This area, the
upper left and center of the chromatogram is generally
occupied by flavonol-3-glycosides. Although
the flavonoids were not identified by standard
chemical methods (Beckman DB spectrophotometer),
a number of them could readily be determined
by comparing the UV spectra, RC values, and spot
colors of the unknown with those of about 175
known flavonoids.
On the basis of the chromatographic data available,
it appears that Aphelandra would be a good
genus for further study of the interspecific biochemical
variation in taxa covering a wide geographical
range.
Alphabetical List of Aphelandra Species
7. A. acanthifolia Hooker
3. A . acanthus Kees
130. A . acrensis Lindau
106. A . albert-sinithii Leonard
164. A. alexandri Leonard
162. A . atneleta Leonard
128. A. andrei Leonard
151. A. arisema Leonard
81. A . aristei Leonard
58. A . arnoldii Mildbraed
93. A. attenuata \$'asshausen
79. A. adscendens Leonard
54. A .
54a. A .
54c. A .
54b. A .
62. A .
100. A .
20. A .
120. A.
109. A.
77. A .
116. A .
158. A.
129. A .
76. A .
30. A .
45. A .
96. A .
aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley
aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley \ar. aurantiaca
aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. nitens
(Hooker) Washausen, new combination
aurnntiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. stenophylla
Standley
bahiensis (Sees) \%'asshausen, new combination
barkleyi Leonard
benoistii Wasshausen
blanchetiana (Nees) Hooker
blandii Lindau
botatiodes Leonard
boyacensis Leonard
bradeana Rizzini
campii M'asshausen
caput-medusae Lindau
castanifoliu Britton
chamissoniana Nees
chaponensis Leonard
14. A.
9. A .
21. A .
118. A .
136. A .
117. A.
160. A .
94. A .
28. A .
154. A.
33. A.
88. A .
17. A .
78. A .
41. A.
131. A .
108. A.
153. A.
1.59. A .
161. A .
39. A.
53. A ,
12. A.
4. A.
80. A.
chrysantha Wasshausen
cinnabarinn Wasshausen
cirsioides Lindau
claussenii Wasshausen, new name
colom,biensis Lindau ex Leonard
colorata (Vellozo) Wasshausen, new combination
conforinis Leonard
crenata Leonard
crispata Leonard
cuatrecasasii Leonard
cuscoensis Wasshausen
darienensis Wasshausen
dasyantha \\'asshausen
decorata (Sees) \fasshausen, new combination
deppeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso
diachyla Leonard
dielsii hlildbraed
diousa Wasshausen
dodsonii \\'asshausen
dolichantha Donnell Smith
dukei Wasshausen
dutilapiana Standley & L. 0. IVilliams
euopla Leonard
eu rys to m a M ildbraed
fasciculata \\'asshausen
85,
68.
57.
123.
22.
72.
152.
89.
163.
64.
107.
87.
11.
149.
56.
135.
97,
110.
55.
36.
119.
124.
6.
44.
50.
40.
35.
147.
18.
115.
5.
38.
43.
A . fernandezii Leonard
A . ferreyrae Wasshausen
A . panimea Wasshausen
A . paua h'ees
A . formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees
A . fosbergii Leonard
A . galba Wasshausen
A. garciae Leonard
A . gigantiflora Lindau
A. goodspeedii Standley & Barkley
A . gracilis Leonard
A . grandis Leonard
A . grangeri Leonard
A. guayasii Wasshausen
A. guerrerenszs Wasshausen
A. hapala \\'asshausen
A. hartwegiana h'ees ex Bentham
A . haughtii Leonard
A . heydeana Donnell Smith
A. hieronynii Grisebach
A. hintonii Tt'asshausen
A . hirta (Klotzsch) IVasshausen, new combination
A . hurlensis Leonard
A. hylaea Leonaid
A. ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel
A. impressa Lindau
A . inaequalis Lindau
A . jacobinioides Lindau
A. pnineiiszs Ifasshausen
A . kingii Wasshausen
A. kolobantha Lindau
A . lanipranftha Leonard
A . lasia Leonard
6
138. A.
142. A .
150. A.
157. A.
139. A.
146. A.
95. A .
37. A .
24. A.
32. A.
104. A .
34. A.
114. A.
65. A.
145. A.
132. A.
125. A .
67. A.
91. A .
102. A .
$0. A .
143. A .
27. A.
23. A.
61. A .
48. A.
127. A.
133. A.
63. A.
51. A.
74. A.
46. A.
73. A.
113. A.
156. A,
29. A.
13. A.
99. A.
148. A ,
49. A.
103. A.
140. A.
tasioph y lla Leonard
latibracteata Wasshausen
lawranceae Leonard
liboniana Linden ex Hooker
limbatifolia Lindau
lineariloba Leonard
lingua-bovis Leonard
longibracteata Lindau
luyensis Lindau
lyrata Nees
macrophylla Leonard
macrosiphon Lindau
macrostachya Nees
maculata (Tafalla ex Nees) Voss
madrensis Lindau
marginata Nees & Martius
martiusii Wasshausen, new name
maximiliana (Nees) Bentham
micans Moritz ex Vatke
mildbraediana Leonard
mollis (Nees) Leonard
montis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger
mucronata (Ruiz & &Pav6n) Nees
mutisii Leonard
neesiana Wasshausen, new name
nemoralis Nees
nephoica Wasshausen
nuda Nees
obtusa (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination
obtusifolia (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination
ochrolaqmx Leonard
ornata (Nees) T. Anderson
paruiflora Leonard
pawispica Leonard
paulensis Wasshausen
peruviana Wasshausen
phaina Wasshausen
pharangophila Leonard
phlogea Leonard
phrynioides Lindau
pilosa Leonard
pinarotricha Leonard
2.
155.
101.
71.
8.
16.
1.
15.
165.
112.
98.
60.
84.
66.
C” 13.
A. porphyrocarpa Leonard
A . prismatica (Vellozo) Hiern
A . pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, &
A. quadrifaria Leonard
A . reticulata Washausen
A. rigida Glaziou ex Mildbraed
A. rubra Wasshausen
A . runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees
A. rusbyi Britton
A. schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso
A . schieferae Leonard
A. scolnikae Leonard
A . seibertii Leonard
A. sericantha Leonard
A . silvicola Leonard
Kunth
86. A .
122. A.
126. A.
144. A .
137. A.
42. A .
90. A.
47. A .
19. A.
92. A.
105. A.
69. A.
111. A.
10. A.
134. A ,
59. A.
82. A.
52. A.
121. A.
141. A.
31. A ,
26. A.
25. A.
83. A.
SXIITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
sinclairiana Nees
speciosa T. S. Brandegee
squarrosa Nees
stephanophysa Nees
steyermarkii Wasshausen
storkii Leonard
strarninea Leonard
sulphurea Hooker
superba Lindau
taborensis Leonard
terryae Standley
tessmannii Mildbraed
tetragona (Vahl) Nees
tillettii Wasshausen
tomentosa Lindau
tonduzii Leonard
trianae Leonard
tridentata Hemsley
variegata Morel
verticillata Nees ex Hemsley
viscosa Mildbraed
weberbaueri Mildbraed
wurdackii Wasshausen
xanthantha Leonard
List of Illustrated Species
Photographs for most of the following species
of Aphelandra were made with the scanningelectron
microscope (Cambridge model), at magnification
between X 800 aild X 5500:
1. A. runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees, Figure 32
3. A . acanthus Nees, Figure 48
7. A. acanthifolia Hooker, Figures 1, 39
10. A. tillettii Wasshausen, Figure 35
11. A . grangeri Leonard, Figure 31
14. A . chrysantha Wasshausen, Figures 45, 46
18. A. juninensis Wasshausen, Figure 37
22. A. formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees, Figures 2,
23.
25.
26.
27. A. mucronata (Ruiz & Pavon) Xees, Frontispiece
29.
35.
45.
50. A. ignea (Schrader) Sees ex Steudal, Figure 38
54a. A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. aurantiaca,
55.
56.
57.
62. A. bahiensis (Nees) TVasshausen, new combination,
65. A. maculata (Tafalla ex Sees) Voss, Figure 14
67. A. maximiliana (Nees) Bentham, Figure 5
33
A . mutisii Leonard, Figure 20
A. ruurdackii LVasshausen, Figure 30
A. weberbaueri Mildbraed, Figure 43
A. Feruviana LVasshausen, Figures 26, 27
A . inaequalis Lindau, Figure 21
A. charnissoniana Nees, Figure 28
Figure 47
A . heydeana Donne11 Smith, Figure 4
A . guerrerensis, Wasshausen, Figure 10
A. flamniea Wasshausen, Figure 49
Figure 12
18 NUMBER
76. A.
86. A.
101. A.
107. A.
108. A.
111. A.
112. A.
118. A.
121. A.
123. A.
126. A.
132. A.
137. A.
139. A
141. A.
143. A.
145. A
146. A.
caput-m'edusae Lindau, Figure 8
sinclairiana Nees, Figures 6, 34
pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, &
Kunth, Figure 17
gracitis Leonard, Figure 16
dielsii Mildbraed, Figures 52, 53
tetragona (Vahl) Nees, Figure 7
schieferae Leonard, Figure 19
claussenii Wasshausen, new name, Figure 11
variegata Morel, Figures 50, 51
~ ~ Q V Q Nees, Figure 9
squarrosa, Nees, Figure 40
rnarginata Nees & Martius, Figures 41, 42
steyermarkii Wasshausen, Figures 54, 55
limbatifolia Lindau, Figure 29
verticillata Nees ex Hemsley, Figure 18
montis-sclaiis Lindau ex Pilger, Figure 13
madrensis Lindau, Figures 22, 23
lineariloba Leonard, Figure 25
147. A. jacobinioides Lindau, Figure 15
157. A. liboniafla Linden ex Hooker, Figure 36
159. A. dodsonii Wasshausen, Figure 44
165. A. schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso, Figure 24
Aphelandra R. Brown
Aphelandra R. Brown, Prodr. F1. Nov. Holl. 475. 1810.
Synandra Schrader, Maxim. Princ. Videns. It. 2:343. 1821
[type: S. ignea Schrader].
Amathea Rafinesque, F1. Tellur. 10:65. 1838 [type: A .
pulchra (Jacquin) Rafinesque].
Strobilorhachis Klotzsch in Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz.
7:307. 1839 [type: S. glabra Klotzsch].
Hydromestus Scheidweiler in Otto & Dietrich, Allg. Gartenz.
10:285. 1842 [type: H. nia~ulatus Schiedweiler].
Hemisandra Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 9:22.
1842 [type: H. aurantiaca Scheidweiler].
Lagochiliurn Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:85. pl. 10. 1847
[type: L. maximilianun Nees, chosen by Leonard, 1953, by
virtue of its being illustrated].
Hemitome Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:88. 1847,Nees in
de Candolle, Prodr. 11:295. 1847 [nomen nudum].
Poecilocnemidis Martius ex Nees in Martius F1. Bras. 9:88
1847.-Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:295. 1847 [nomen
nudum].
Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs; stems erect, rarely
absent or extremely short, terete or quadrangular,
soft-wooded, occasionally thick and succulent; leaves
opposite, rarely ternate or quaternate, petiolate,
the blades usually large, oblong to elliptic, membraneous
to firm, toothed, lobed, entire, or crenate,
the upper surface usually drying dark-olivaceous,
the lower surface somewhat paler, the costa and
lateral veins rather prominent beneath, often variegated
white to yellowish, especially near the base,
the margins occasionally armed with spines; interpetiolar
bracts usually absent (if present, small,
the veins excurrent, ending in 1-5 straight, sharp,
yellowish spines); flowers of various shades of red,
yellow, orange or occasionally white, cream or pale
mauve, borne in terminal or subterminal usually
large-bracted spikes, the spikes rarely secund, lax
or few-flowered, often subtended by a pair of
leaflike bracts, the rachis angular; bracts usually
imbricate, somewhat spreading with age, the upper
ones becoming gradually smaller, the lowermost
(especially in the spiny species) intergrading into
stem leaves, often colored, entire, toothed, spinose-
dentate, or ciliate, coriaceous, herbaceous or
rarely membranaceous, occasionally carinate and/
or conduplicate, those of certain species bearing
dorsally on either side near the margin a group of
ocelli, these few, oval or suborbicular, brownish,
nitid, rather conspicuous, or very numerous and
minute, appearing even under magnification as a
more or less irregular, dull, alveolar area; bractlets
small, various, in a few species rudimentary, commonly
striate-nerved, subhyaline, rarely colored,
carinate or subcarinate, occasionally falcate; calyx
divided nearly to the base into 5, subequal segments,
these occasionally exceeding the bracts, usually
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous or
chartaceous, striate-veined, the posterior segment
usually broader than the others and sometimes
toothed at tip (in a few species the calyx is rudimentary)
; corolla tube erect or somewhat oblique,
cylindric or rarely obconical, slightly ampliate upwardly,
the limb usually bilabiate, the upper lip
erect, bilobed or entire, the lobes often connivent,
revolute, obtuse, the lower lip reflexed-spreading,
3-lobed, the middle lobe often longer than the
lateral ones, these sometimes very small, rarely
vestigial, and adnate to the base of the upper lip;
stamens 4, usually slightly exserted, but rarely if
ever exceeding the upper corolla lip; filaments epipetalous,
smooth, broad, flattened; anthers narrow,
one-celled, often pilose dorsally and cohering at
tips by webby hairs, occasionally bearing a sterile
theca; pollen grains narrowly oblong or ellipsoid,
obtuse, commonly about twice as long as wide;
staminode rarely present, filiform or lobulate;
ovary cylindric, glabrous, with 2 ovules in each
loculus, disc inconspicuous; style commonly exceeding
anthers, filiform, the stigma infundibular,
entire, bifid, or rarely unequally trifid; capsule
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
ovoid or cylindric, usually shortly stipitate, 4- TYPE-SPEcIEs.-Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacseeded,
the valves of the capsule recurved after quin) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth based on
dehiscence; retinacula cucullate at tip; seeds some- Justicia pulcherrima Jacquin.
what flattened, dark brown, almost circular in out- The generic name Aphelandra is derived from
line, usually papillose, wrinkled, muricate, borne two Greek words, “apheles” meaning smooth and
on acute retinacula. “andros” meaning anther.
Key to the Species of Aphekndra
1. Stems distinctly armed by spiny, interpetiolar bracts ................................................................ 2
2. Leaf blades lyrate-pinnatifid or incised ............................................................................................ 3
Leaf blades dentate or serrate or serrate-dentate, not lobed, commonly spine-tipped .......... 8
3. Corollas glabrous. Colombia and Venezuela .......................................................... 1. A. runcinata
Corollas pubescent, tomentose, hirsute or hirtellous ................................................................... 4
4. Corollas yellow .................................................................................................................................... 5
Corollas red, purple, or pale mauve ................................................................................................ 6
Stems unarmed, i. e., without spiny interpetiolar bracts ...............................................
5. Stems glabrous or minutely and sparingly puberulous; caIyx segments rounded and
mucronate. Colombia ................................................................................ 2. A. porphyrwmpa
Stems hirsute to subtomentose: calyx segments abruptly narrowed to an acute tip.
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru ................................................................................. 3. A. acanthus
6. Inflorescence much branched, forming a broad loose corymb about 25 cm in diameter.
Inflorescence a terminal and occasionally axillary spike up to 4 cm broad .......................... 7
7. Calyx segments lanceolate, 9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide at base; corollas pale mauve. Bolivia
............................................................................................................................... 5. A. blobantha
Calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 23-25 mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide; corolla red. Colombia.. .
....................................................................................................................................... 6. A. huilensis
8. Bracts entire, terminating in a spine ............................................................................................... 9
Bracts spiny-margined ...................................................................................................................... 16
9. Corolla pubescent ................................................................................................................................. 10
Corolla glabrous ............................................................................................................................... 15
Peru ............................................................................................................................. 4. A. eurystoma
10. Leaf blades pubescent, hirsute, strigose or pilosulous ................................................................ 11
Leaf blades glabrous or the costa and veins bearing a few weak hairs ................................ 13
11. Bracts triangular-ovate, 6-7 mm wide. Ecuador and Peru ......................... .7. A. acanthifolia
Bracts lanceolate, to 4 mm wide .................................................................................................. 12
12.
Leaf blades 21-26 cm long and 4.5-5.5 cm wide. Ecuador ...................... 9. A. cinnabarha
13. Flowers borne in rather dense, terminal and subterminal spikes up to 7 cm long and
2 cm broad (excluding corollas) ............................................................................................. 14
Flowers borne in lax terminal and subterminal spikes 11-15 cm long and 0.8 cm broad
(excluding corollas). Peru ......................... ..................................................... 10. A. tillettii
Leaf blades to 10 cm long and 3 cm wide. Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. A. retidata
14. Bractlets and calyx segments conspicuously densely ciliate. Colombia and Educador ....
................................................................................................................... 11. A. grangeri
Bractlets and calyx segments glabrate, very sparingly ciliate. Colombia ........... 12. A. euopla
15. Bracts reddish; calyx red; corolla crimson. Ecuador ......................................... 13. A. fihaina
Bracts pale-green; calyx yellowish green; corolla yellow. Ecuador . . . . . . . . . 14. A. chrysantha
16. Bracts conspicuously colored, red, greenish at tip, or the upper side reddish, the lower
green with reddish and orange-yellow spots ............................................................................ 17
Bracts not conspicuously colored, green ......................................................... ..18
17. Bracts puberulent, acute, the margins bearing on each side 4 6 slender, spinose teeth.
Bolivia ............................................................................................... 15. A. rusbyi
Bracts glabrous, acuminate, the margins bearing on each side 11-13 slender, spinose teeth.
Peru and Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. A. rubra
.....................
NUMBER 18 9
18. Leaf blades thin, submembranaceous, 27-32 cm long, 12-14 cm wide. Ecuador and Peru ....
17. A. dnsyantha ......................................................................................................................................
Leaf blades thick, coriaceous or subcoriaceous, to 24 cm long and 9 cm wide ...................... 19
Leaf blades relatively short, to 13 cm long and 4 cm wide ....................................................... 21
Peru ........................................................................................................................ 18. A. junimsis
Both leaf surfaces velutinous-pubescent. Ecuador ................................................. 19. A. SUperba
21. Lower leaf surface glabrous except the sparingly pilose costa and veins ................................ 22
Lower leaf surface densely velvety or softly tawny pilose or subtomentose ......................... 23
22. Bracts rhombate, the margins tipped by a pair of distinctively yellow spines. Ecuador ..........
...................................................... ......................................................................... 20. A. benoistii
Ecuador and Peru ..................................................................................................... 21. A. cirsioides
23. Bracts triangular-ovate, 5-10 mm long, about 4 mm wide. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia ........
........................................................................................................................................... 22. A. formosa
Bracts narrowly oblong, 15-20 mm long, about 6 mm wide. Colombia and Ecuador ..............
........................................................................................................................... 23. A. mutisii
24. Leaf blades lyrate-pinnatifid or coarsely serrate or the margins armed .................................. 25
Leaf blades entke or undulate, or rarely shallowly crenate ....................................................... 38
25. Bracts entire or bearing one or two minute and inconspicuous teeth near the tip ........... 26
Bracts (at least lower) conspicuously dentate-ciliate, spinose-toothed or spinose-dentate .... 3 2
Ecuador and Peru ........................................................................................................ 24. A. ZUyaSiS
tomentose, strigillose or piIosuIous ............................................................................................... .27
27. Leaf blades small, 8-11 cm long and to 4 cm wide. Peru .................................. 25. A. wurdackii
Leaf blades large, 20-40 cm long and 6.5-14 cm wide .................................................................. 28
imbricate and appressed .................................................................................................................. 30
19. Leaf blades 21-24 cm long and 5.5-9 cm wide .............................................................................. 20
20. Both leaf surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral nerves sometimes sparingly tomentose.
Bracts ovate to obovate, the m spinose-dentate, tipped by 3 or more pairs of spines.
26. Leaf blades densely pubescent, with yellowish spreading hairs, the lower surface velvety.
Leaf blades glabrous or sparingly pilosulous or the costa and nerves sparingly and minutely
28. Flowers borne in lax terminal spikes, the distant bracts scarcely imbricate .......................... 29
Flowers borne in dense terminal or on short axillary spikes, the bracts rather loosely
29. Bracts triangular-ovate, 5-7 mm long, webby-villous without. Peru .......... 26. A. weberbuuen'
Bracts ovate, 15 mm long, glabrous to sparingly hirsute without. Peru ..... 27. A. mucronata
30. Bracts purple or red, noticeably crisped or twisted, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 17.5 mm wide
Bracts green, not crisped or twisted, 1-3 cm long, 3-4 mm wide .............................................. 31
31. Terminal spike 6-7 cm long, about 2 cm in diameter (excluding corollas). Peru ......................
...................................................................................................................................... 29. A. fieruviana
Terminal spike 10-12 cm long, about 1 cm in diameter (excluding corollas). Bolivia ..........
.................................................................................................... ............................ 30. A. castm-folia
32. Leaf blades (especially the lower) lyrate to lyrate-pinnatifid ...................................................... 33
Leaf blades serrate to dentate or sinuate-serrate but not lobed .............................................. 34
33. Bracts broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, densely glandular-pilose. Peru ............ 31. A. viscosa
Bracts lance-subulate to oblong, sparingly pilosulous. Peru .................................... 32. A. Zyrata
34. Bracts red, elliptic, about 35 mm long. Peru ........................................................ 33. A. cuscoensis
Bracts green, lanceolate to triangular-ovate, to 20 mm long ...................................................... 35
35. Upper corolla lip 13-22 mm long, 6-8 mm wide at base, bilobed, the lobes 5-10 mm
Upper corolla lip 12 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, scarcely bifid. Peru and Bolivia ..............
36. Corolla red, the upper lip 13-14 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, the lower lip 10-15 mm long .... 37
Corolla yellow, the upper lip 22 mm long, 8 mm wide, the lower lip 24 mm long. Bolivia ....
37. Leaf blades oblonglanceolate, 5-13 cm long, 1.4-3 cm wide. Bolivia and Argentina ............
36. A. hieronymi Leaf blades oblong, 15-27 cm long, 5-9 cm wide. Bolivia .................... 37. A. Zongibracteata
Colombia ........................................................................................................................ 28. A. crispata
long and 2.5 mm wide .................................................................................................................... 36
................................ .................................................................................. .34. A. macrosiphon
...................................................................................................................................... 35. A. inaequalis
.................................................................................................................................
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
38. Bracts toothed ................................................................................................................................... 39
39. Bracts bearing ocelli or submarginal glands .................................................................................. 40
Bracts without ocelli or submarginal glands ................................................................................ 46
40. Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, to 2.5 cm wide ......................................................................... 4 1
41. Corollas 5 cm long, 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 17 mm long. Colombia .................
......................................................................................................................... 38. A. lamprantha
Corollas about 4 cm long, 4.5 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip 10 mm long. Panama ......
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39. A. dukei
42. Tips of bracts slender and spreading or recurved. Venezuela and northern Colombia . . . . . .
................................................................................................................................ 40. A. imFessa
Tips of bracts erect, acuminate or acute to subobtuse and minutely apiculate ................. 43
America ...................................................................................................... .41. A. deppeana
Bracts 18-28 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, acute to subobtuse and minutely apiculate ......... 44
Leaf blades ovate, 13 cm wide, short-acuminate. Costa Rica ......................... ..42. A. storkii
45. Bracts light brown, densely pilose. Colombia ............................................................ 43. A. lasia
................................................................................................................................ 44. A. hylaea
Corollas 0.7-2.5 cm long ................................................................................................. 61
47. Bracts conduplicate ........................................................................................................ 48
....................................................................................................................................... Bracts entire 8 2
Leaf blades not narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-13 cm wide .....................................................
43. Bracts 8-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, acuminate. Southern Mexico to northern South
44.
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic or narrowly elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, to 8 cm wide, acute
to subacuminate ..................................................................................................... 45
Bracts somewhat purple; puberulous. Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46. Corollas 3-6.5 cm long ......................................................................................................... 4 7
Bracts flat ...................................................................................................................... 49
48. Corolla 4.5-5.5 cm long, the upper lip 9-15 mm long, bifid, the lobes 4-6 mm long, 3.54
mm wide, more or less acute. Brazil ............................................... 45. A. chamissoniana
Corolla 3 cm long, the upper lip 8 mm long, bifid, the lobes 3 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,
obtuse. Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46. A. ornata
Corollas red, orange or scarlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
49. Corollas yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
50. Bracts 30-32 mm long. Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47. A. sulphuren
Bracts 15-23 mm long ................................................................................................ 51
Stems present, erect, 0.5-1 m high. Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48. A. nemoralis
Brazil ...................................................................................................... .49. A. phrynioides
51. Stems almost absent or extremely short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
52. Corolla about 4 cm long, the upper lip obovate, 8 mm long and 7 mm wide, bilobttd.
Corolla 3 cm long, the upper lip oval, 5 mm long and 5 mm wide, entire. Brazil 50. A. ignea
53. Corollas 4.5-6.5 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Corollas about 3 cm long. Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51. A. obtusifolia, new combination
54.
55. Bractlets none: upper corolla lip 2-lobed. Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53. A. dunlapima
Bractlets present: upper corolla lip entire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
56. Upper corolla lip 0.5-0.85 cm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Upper corolla lip 1.2 cm wide. Southern Mexico to Bolivia .......... 54. A. aurantiaca . . . 57
57. Margins of leaf blades coarsely sinuate-repand. Central America to Peru ..........................
54b. A. arirantiaca var. stenophylla
Margins of leaf blades entire or undulate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..58
58. Leaf blades thick and coriaceous, the lower surface a deep vinous purple. Colombia,
Ecuador, and Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54c. A. aurantiaca var. nitens, new combination
Leaf blades chartaceous, nitid, the lower surface somewhat whitish. Southern Mexico to
Bolivia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54a. A. aurantiaca var. aurrmtiaca
59. Bracts prolonged into a recurved, convolute cusp about 6 mm long. Mexico, Guatemala
and El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55. A. heydeana
Bracts acute or acuminate, not prolonged into a cusp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Bracts 3.5-5 cm long. Costa Rica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52. A. tridentata
Bracts to 3 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NUMBER 18 11
60. Spikes 6-11 cm long and 2-3 cm broad (excluding corollas); corolla glandular-pilose.
Mexico 56. A. gzcerrerensis
(excluding corollas); corolla sparingly
................... 5 7. A. f l m m a
61. Bracts 2 mm wide Or less 62
Bracts 3.5-16 mm Wide 63
62. Leaf blades 15-30 cm long and 5.5 cm wide, short-acuminate. Northern Venezuela and
.................................................................................................................
Spikes 11-18 cm long and 1.5-2 cm broad
puberulous. Ecuador ........................................................................
....................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
Colombia ......................................................................................................................... 58. A. urnoldii
Leaf blades 7-11 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, acute to obtuse or rounded. Costa Rica ...........
................................................................................................ ................................ 59. A. toduzii
Corollas 2.0-2.5 cm long .................................................. ........................................................ .64
Corollas 0.7-1.8 cm long ............................................................................................................ .76
64. Bracts purplish colored, sometimes only at tip .................................................................... 65
Bracts green or greenish yellow, not purplish colored .................................................... 68
65. Peduncles 3-5 cm long. Costa Rica and Panama ............................................ 60. A. seibertii
Peduncles wanting or extremely short, less than 0.5 cm long ............................................... 66
66. Bracts elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 5-9 mm wide at or just above the middle ..................... 6 7
Bracts obovate, 14 mm wide just below the apex, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61. A. neesirma, new name
67. Leaf blades oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 8-9 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide. Brazil . . . . . .
.................................................................................................... 62. A. bahiensis, new combination
Leaf blades oval-oblong, 9.5-11.5 cm long, 3.5-4.5 cm wide. Brazil
................................................................ 63. A. obtusa, new combination
Costa and lateral veins inconspicuous and obscure above, not banded by a narrow area of
69. Leaf blades oblong or oblonglanceolate, 9-15 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, thin; petioles 1040
Leaf blades spatulate to lanceolate, 3-8 cm long, 0.9-24 cm wide, subcoriaceous; petioles
70. Corolla 2.2-2.3 cm long, sparingly glandular pilose, the lips unequal, the upper lip
obovate, 4.5 mm long, the lower lip %lobed, the lobes 3.5-4 mm long. Ecuador, Peru, and
Bolivia ....................................................................................................................... 65. A. maculata
Corolla 2.5 cm long, sparingly pubescent, the lips subequal, the lobes suborbicular, about
3 or 4 mm long. Colombia .......................................... .............................. 66. A. silvicola
71.
Upper corolla bilobed ................................................................................................................... 72
72. Leaf blades oblongelliptic, 21-25 cm long and 6-7 cm wide. Peru ................. 68. A. ferreyrae
Leaf blades oblongelliptic or ovate, to 10 cm long and 2-6 cm wide ........................... 73
73. Flowering spikes 6-11 cm long .............................................................. 74
...................................................... 75
74. Bracts 7 mm wide, margins and outer surface silky-hirsute. Peru . . . . . . . . . 69. A. tesmannii
Bracts to 5 mm wide, margins sparingly ciliolate, outer surface glabrous or sparingly
pilosulous. Colombia ............................................................................................. 70. A. mollis
75. Bracts 11-12 mm long and 7 mm wide. Colombia ................................. 71. A. quadrifm'a
Bracts 20 mm long and 16 mm wide. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72. A. fosbergii
76.
77. Leaf blades purple beneath. Colombia ........................................................ 73. A. puruiflora
Leaf blades green or olive-green, not purple beneath .................................................... .78
78. Corolla white with yellow patch in front of throat. Colombia ............... ..74. A. ochrolqnx
79. Bracts subtending the flowers 17-20 mm long. Peru, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . .76. A. capct-medusae
Bracts subtending the flowers 7-10.5 mm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
80. Corolla rose-blue, about 0.7 cm long. Colombia ............................................ 77. A. botrmodcs
Corolla red or pale pink with a yellow throat, 1.2-1.3 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
63.
.....................................
68. Costa and lateral veins banded above by a narrow area of white or yellow ...................... 69
white or yellow ................................................................................................................................ 71
mm long: the peduncle 2-3 cm long, sericeous or appressed-pubescent ........................ 70
2-4 mm long; the peduncle about 0.8 cm long, pilose. Peru ................. 64. A. goodspeedii
Upper corolla lip entire. Brazil .......................................................... 67. A. maximiliuna
....................................
Flowering spikes to 3 cm long ....................................
Flowering spikes 6-13 cm long ............................................................................................... .77
Flowering spikes to 5 cm long ................................................................................................ ..79
Corolla red. Brazil .......................................................................................................... 75. A. rigida
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
81, Bracts obovate-cuneate, acute and mucronate, sparingly hirsute. Brazil ...................................
................................................... 78. A. decorata, new combination
Bracts rhombic-ovate, s ate (the tip blunt), densely pilose. Colombia ..................
.......................................... .......................................................................... 79. A. adscendens
82. Bracts bearing ocelli or 1 glands, these conspicuous to the naked eye ................ 83
Bracts without ocelli or submarginal glands ............................................................................. 118
83. Bracts 7-15 mm wide .......................... ..................................................................................... .84
.................................................................................. 101
84. Calyx segments equal to or shorter than the bracts ..................................................................... 85
Calyx segments conspicuously longer than the bracts ................................................................ 93
Bracts 11-13 mm long. Venezuela ..................................................................... 80. A. fasciculata
86. Corollas 3.5-5 cm long .......................... .................................................................... 81
Leaf blades glabrous to sparingly hirtellous beneath. Colombia ....................... 82. A. triunue
.........................................
Bracts 3.5-6.5 mm wide ..........................
85.
Bracts 18-30 mm long ............................
Corollas 5.5-6 cm long ..........................
87. Leaf blades densely brownish, pilose-seri
88. Bracts 5.5-8 mm wide. Colombia .................................................................. 83. A. xanthmttha
Bracts 10-15 mm wide ....................................................................................................................... 89
89. Upper corolla lip 23-25 mm long ...................................................................................................... 90
90. Bracts light brown, oval, 20 mm long, 12 mm wide, apiculate at tip, basal portion minutely
silky-pilose. Colombia ....................................................................................... 84. A. sericanthn
Bracts red, rhombic-ovate, 26 mm long, 15 mm wide, subacute, glabrous. Colombia ...........
91. Bracts 10 mm wide: bractlets 6 mm long; calyx segments 8-10 mm long. Costa Rica and
Panama ............................................................................................................. 86. A. sinclairiana
Bracts 12-15 mm wide; bractlets 8-11 mm long: calyx segments 12-15 mm long ................ 92
92. Spikes 18-45 cm long and 2 cm wide; corolla yellow. Colombia ......................... 87. A. grandis
Spikes 8-10 cm long, 3-4 cm wide; corolla orange-red. Panama .................... 88. A. darienensis
Corollas 5.5-7 cm long ............................................................................................................. 95
94. Petioles 1 cm long; calyx about 2 cm long. Colombia .................................. 89. A. gmn'ae
Petioles 3-9 cm long; calyx 0.9-1.15 cm long. Colombia ............................... 90. A. struminea
95. Rachis white-cottony-tomentose or densely brown-pubescent ................................................ 96
Rachis glabrous or sparingly strigose ..................................................................................... 97
96. Calyx segments 17-18 mm long; corolla 6.5-7 cm long, the lateral lobes of the lower lip
about 5 mm long, rounded at tip. Venezuela .................................................. 91. A. micmts
Calyx segments 14 mm long: corolla 5.8 cm long, the lateral lobes of the lower lip 9 mm
97. Leaf blades 6-7.5 cni wide. Ecuador ...................................................... .93. A. attenuata
Leaf blades 9-15 cm wide .................................................................................................... 98
98. Leaf blades prominently and irregularly crenate. Colombia ............................ 94. A. crenata
Leaf blades entire or undulate ......................................................... .................................. .99
99. Bractlets 10-14 mm long ............................................................................................................. ..lo0
Bractlets 16 mm long. Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia ....................... 95. A. lingua-bmis
100. Corolla to 6 cm long, papillose-puberulent, orange to red. Colombia . . . . . 96. A. chaponensis
Corolla 6-7 cm long, glabrous, yellow, Panama and Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97. A. hartwegiana
101. Bracts 5.5-6.5 mm wide (including A. pulcherrima) ................................................... 102
Bracts 3.5-5 mm wide (including A . pulcherrirna) .................................................................. 110
102. Ocelli numerous, minute, sometimes a dull, alveolar spot, this sometimes deciduous ...... 103
Ocelli represented by 1 or more well-defined elliptical brown, more or less nitid areas ... 104
103. Bractlets 8 mm long, 2 mm wide: calyx 11 mm long. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -98. A. scolnikae
Bractlets 6.5-7 mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide; calyx 7-8 mm long. Colombia ........................
104. Rachis more or less covered with a white, flocculose tomentum .................................. 105
Rachis glabrous, puberulous or hirsute, or if flocculose, the hairs brownish ................... 108
................................................................. 86
.................................................................. 88
th. Colombia ..................... 81. A. mistei
Upper corolla lip 15-17 mm long ..................................................................................................... 91
.............................................................................................................................. 85. A. fernanderii
93. Corollas 4-5 cm long .............................................................................................................. 94
long, subacute. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92. A. taborensis
........................................................................................................ 99. A. pharangophila
NUMBER 18 13
................................................................................. 105. Stems glabrous. Colombia
Stems densely pilose to strigose or tomentose
106. Bracts 9 mm long, 6-6.5 mm wide
Bracts 5-7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide. Costa Rica
107. Leaf blades relatively small, 8-13 cm
lose beneath. Colombia ....................
Leaf blades large, 15-30 cm long an
108. Bracts 10-11 mm long, 6 mm wide .....................................................
,100. A. barkleyi
106
ean Bolivia .. 101. A. errima
g and 2-4 cm wide, glabrous to sparingly strigil-
................................................ 102. A. mildbraedima
10 cm wide, densely pilose beneath. Amazonian
................. 103. A. pilosa
................................... 109
.............................................................................
......................... ........................................... ...... 107
Venezuela and Colombia ...............................................................
Bracts 7 mm long, 5.5 mm wide. Venezuela and Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104. A. macrophylla
109. Lobes of the upper corolla lip 6 mm long and 2 mm wide at base. Panama and Colombia ...
....................................................................................................................................... 105. A. terryw
Lobes of the upper corolla lip 18 mm long and 4 mm wide. Colombia ................................
...................................................................................................................... ,106. A. albert-smithii
110. Flowering spike lax, the bracts not imbricate, the flowers distant ............................. ,111
Flowering spike congested, the bracts imbricate, the flowers crowded ......................... ..I12
................................................................................................................................... 107. A. gracilis
Corollas 7-7.5 cm long, the lobes of the upper lip 18-24 mm long, 2 mm wide at base.
Ecuador ................................................................................................................. ,108. A. dtelstt
112. Ocelli numerous, minute, forming a dull, alveolar spot, this sometimes deciduous.
Colombia .............................................................................................................. 109. A. blmdii
Ocelli represented by 1 or more well-defined elliptical, brown, more or less nitid areas . 113
113. Rachis glabrous or bearing a few minute, inconspicuous hairs. Colombia ..110. A. haughtii
Rachis more or less covered with a white, flocculose tomentum ....................................... 114
114. Bracts 8-11 mm long .............................................................................................................. ,115
Bracts 5-7 mm long ......................................................................................................... 116
115. Corollas 6.5-7 cm long. Venezuela ............................................................. 111. A. tetragona
Corollas 5 cm long. Colombia ........................................................................... 112. A. schieferae
116.
Corollas 5-7 cm long ........................................................................................................... 117
117. Upper corolla lip narrowly ovate, 2C-25 mm long and 6 mm wide. Amazonian Colombia
and Brazil .................................................................................................. 114. A. macrostachya
Upper corolla lip ovate, 15-20 mm long and 9 mm wide. Costa Rica to Andean Bolivia ....
101. A. pulcherrima
118. Bracts 15-25 mm wide .............................................................................................................. ..11Y
Bracts 1-14.5 mm wide .................................................................................................... 130
119. Bracts 20-21 mm long. Colombia .......................................................................... 115. A. kingii
Bracts 25-45 mm long ................................................................................................................. 120
120. Corollas 3 cm long. Colombia ......................................................... 116. A. boyacensis
Corollas 3.5-7 cm long ........................................................................................................... 121
121. Bracts 15-17 mm wide ....................................................................................................... ,122
Bracts 18-25 mm wide ........................................................................................................ 126
122. Corolla 3.5-3.8 cm long, glabrous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,123
Corolla 5-7 cm long, glandular-pilose ................................................................................... 124
123. Upper corolla lip oblonglanceolate, 13-14 mm long and 5 mm wide, the lobes 4 mm long
and 2 mm wide. revolute. obtuse. Brazil ....................... 117. A. colorata, new combination
Upper corolla lip oblong, 10 mm long and 5 mm wide, the lobes 5 mm long and 3 mm
wide. erect, acute. Brazil ........................................................ ,118. A. claussenii, new name
124. Corolla red, 6.5-7 cm long. Mexico ........................................................ 119. A. hintonii
Corolla yellow, about 5 cm long .............................................................................................. 125
125. Bracts rose-colored to deep-red: upper corolla lip 2.2 cm long and 7 mm wide, the lobes 1
mm long and 1.5 mm wide. Brazil ....................................................... 120. A. blanchetiuna
Bracts orange-red to yellow-orange; upper corolla lip 1.7 cm long and 6 mm wide, thc
lobes extremely variable, 1-6 mm long and 2-3.5 mm wide. Brazil . . . ..121. A. variegata
126. Corolla 3.75-5 cm long ........................................................................................................... ,127
Corolla 5.5-6.5 cm long. Southern Mexico and Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . 122. A. seeciosa
111. Corollas 5-5.5 cm long, the lobes of the upper lip 9 mm long, 4 mm wide at base. Panama
. . .
Corollas 4-4.5 cm long. Venezuela and Colombia ...................................... 113. A. pawispica
........................................................................................................................
14 SXIITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
127.
128.
Calyx 8-12 mm long ...................................................................................................
129. Corolla reddish purple, the tube 2 mm wide at base, lobes of the upper lip 1 mm long and
wide, acute. Amazonian Brazil and Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125. A. mmtiusii, new name
Corolla yellow, the tube 3-5 mm wide at base, lobes of the upper lip 3 mm long and wide,
obtuse. Southeastern Brazil .................................. 126. A. squarrosa
130. Bracts 1-7 mm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Bracts 8-14.5 mm wide .............................................................................................................. 145
131. Corollas 1.4-2.8 cm long ............................................................................................................ 132
Corollas 3.5-6.4 cm long (wanting in A. lasiophyllu) ................................................................ 136
Bracts 2 mm wide. Colombia ................................................................... 127. A. nephoica
Bracts 4-6 mm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..133
Bracts 7-8.5 mm long ............................................................................................... 134
Bracts 13-14 mm long ................................................................................................. 135
Herb 0.3 m high. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shrub 1.5-2 m high. Ecuador and Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,129. A. campii
Bracts and corollas glabrous .................................................................................................... 128
Bracts and corollas glandular-pubescent. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123. A. flma
Calyx 5 mm long. Brazil .............................................................. 124. A. hirta, new combination
..............................
132.
133.
134. 128. A. andrei
135. Corolla tube 22 mm long, 2.5 mm broad at base, about 5 mm broad at mouth. Amazonian
Brazil and Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130. A. acrensis
Corolla tube 9-10 mm long, 1.5 mm broad at base, 2.5 mm broad at mouth. Columbia . . .
...................................................................................................................... 131. A. diachyla
136. Bracts 2 mm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Bracts 4 7 mm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
137. Flowers borne in subsessile spikes, these 4-10 cm long, the flowers congested. Brazil . . . . . .
..132. A. marginata
Flowers borne in peduncled spikes, these 20-30 cm long, the flowers distant, lax. Brazil . . . .
,133. A. nuda
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.......................................................................................................................
138.
Bracts
139. Leaf blades oblong, 4-10 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, densely pilose beneath. Venezuela . . . . .
134. A. tomentosa
Leaf blades elliptic, 19-23 cm long, 8-9 cm wide, densely hirsute beneath. Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
140. Bracts 18-25 mm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Bracts 15-17 mm long .................................................................................................. ,142
141. Spikes several, forming a headlike cluster 8 cm long and 5 cm wide, the rachis finely
puberulous. Colombia ..................................................................... 136. A. colombiensis
Spikes solitary, 2-2.5 cm long and 1-1.5 cm wide (excluding corollas), the rachis densely
sericeous. Venezuela . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137. A. steyermmkii
142. Bracts 7 mm wide. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138. A. ZasioPhyZZa
Bracts 5-6 mm wide ....................................................................................... 143
143. Corollas purple, 6.4 cm long. Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139. A. Zimbatifolia
Corollas orange or yellow, 3.5-4 cm long ....................... ............................................... 144
144. Bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, acute pex; calyx segments 8 mm long.
Colombia ................................................................................. 140. A. Pinarotricha
Bractlets linear-lanceolate, 17-18 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, aristate; calyx segments 17-18
mm long. Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,141. A. verticillata
145. Bracts 10-18 mm long .......................................................................................................... 146
Bracts 20-40 mm long ............................................................................................................. ..153
146. Bracts 12-13 mm wide. Peru ............................................................ ..142. A. Zatibracteata
Bracts 8-10 mm wide ........................................................................................................... 147
147. Corollas 3-4.1 cm long ................................................. ............................... 148
Corollas 4.8-6.5 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
148. Spikes short, 1-6 cm long ........................................................................................ 149
Spikes moderately long, 10-30 cm long ............................................................................. 150
Bracts 7-12 mm long .............................................................................................. 139
15-25 mm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
...........................................................................................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135. A. hapala
NUMBER 18 15
149. Leaf blades 5-7 cm wide; corolla 4.1 cm long. Peru ........................ 143. A. ~ t i P S C a h W i S
Leaf blades 2-4.5 cm wide; corolla 3 cm long. Brazil ............................... 144. A. StephanOfihySa
150. Upper corolla lip obovate, 7 mm long and 6 mm wide, the lobes obcordate. Mexico . . . . . . .
........................................................................................................... 145. A. madrensis
Upper corolla lip ovate, 12 mm long and 9 mm wide, the lobes acute. Mexico ....................
............................................................................................................................ 146. A. linearilobo
151. Leaf blades thin, glabrous; bracts glabrous. Ecuador and Peru ............ 147. A. jacobinioides
Leaf blades firm, subglahrous to puberulous; bracts white-glandular-pilose .................... 152
152. Corollas 5 cm long, orange-red. Colombia ................................................ ,148. A. phlogea
Corolla 5.5-6.5 cm long, straw-colored. Ecuador ....................................... 149. A. guayasii
153. Bracts 8 mm wide .............................................................................................................. 154
Bracts 9-14.5 mm wide ...................................................................................................... 155
Leaf blades narrowly ohlong-elliptic, 10-12 cm long and 2.5 cm wide. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,150. A. lawranceae
155. Corollas 3-4.5 cm long ..................................................................................................... 156
Corollas 4.5-7.5 cm long ................................................................................................ 160
156. Spikes 22-27 cm long. Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..152. A. galba
Spikes 7-15 cm long ..............................................................................................................
157. Upper corolla lip bifid or bilobed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Upper corolla lip entire. Ecuador and Peru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,153. A. diffusa
154.
Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 22-30 cm long and 6.5 cm wide. Colombia 151. A. arisema
157
158. Upper corolla lip obovate, 10-14 mm long and 8-15 mm wide, the lobes 4-5 mm long
and 4-7 mm wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Upper corolla lip oblong to ovate, 7 mm long and about 4 mm wide, the lobes 1.5-2 mm
long and 1.5 mm wide. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..154. A. cuatrecasasii
159. Bracts bright green, carinate. Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155. A. prismatica
Bracts red, ecarinate. Brazil . . . . . . . . . . 156. A. paulensis
160. Corollas 4.5-5.5 cm long ............................................. .................................. 161
Corollas 6-7.5 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
161. Upper corolla lip bifid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Upper corolla lip entire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
162. Bracts 12-14.5 mm wide, obtuse to slightly acute; corolla tube 3.5 cm long. Brazil . . . . . .
157. A. Ziboniana
Bracts 9-10 mm wide, acute: corolla tube 2.5 cm long. Brazil . . . . . . 158. A. bradeana
163. Spikes 21-22 cm long. Ecuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159. A. dodsonii
Spikes 3-16 cm long. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160. A. conformis
164. Upper corolla lip bilobed .............................................................................................. .165
Upper corolla lip entire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
165. Leaf blades to 22 cm long; upper corolla lip oblong, 13 mm long, 5 mm wide. Costa Rica
andpanama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161. A. dolichantha
Leaf blades 30-40 cm long: upper corolla lip ovate, 18 mm long, 9 mm wide. Colombia
andEcuador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162. A. ameleta
166. Corollas 6.5-7.5 cm long. Guatemala and El Salvador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163. A. gigantiflora
Corollas 6 cm long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
167. Upper corolla lip elliptic, about 2 cm long and 8 mm wide, acute, the middle lobe of the
lower lip about 2 cm long, 7-8.5 mm wide. Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164. A. alexandri
Upper corolla lip obovate, 2.5 cm long and 10 mm wide, obtuse, the middle lobe of the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165. A. schiedema
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
h v e r lip about 2.7 cm long, 14 mm wide. Southern Mexico and Guatemala . . . . . . .
1. Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees
FIGURE 32
Aphelandra runcinata var. straminea Leonard, Contrib. U.S.
Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa Leonard, Contrih. U.S. Nat.
Aphelandra porphyrolepis Leonard, Contrib. LJ.S. Nat. Herb.
Nat. Herb. 313135. 1953.
Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees, in de Candolle, Herb. 31:135. 1953.
Prodr. 11:302. 1847.-Leonard. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
31:134. 1953. 31:148. 1953.
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Shrubs to 4 m high; stems glabrous or nearly so,
occasionally tomentulose toward tip, fleshy; leaf
blades obovate to oblong-obovate or lanceolate, to
30 cm long and 10 cm wide, acuminate, cuneate
at base, chartaceous, the margins moderately to
rather deeply pinnatifid or incised, occasionally
the upper leaves merely irregularly toothed, the excurrent
nerves terminating in sharp spines 1-5 mm
long, the upper surface drying olive green, nitid,
glabrous or sparingly floccose, the hairs confined
chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (10-30 pairs),
the lower surface drying dull green or brown, glabrous
to pilose, or sometimes the costa and veins
sparingly floccose, these more prominent beneath
than above; petioles to 2 cm long, glabrous or
sparingly floccose; interpetiolar bracts triangular,
retrorse, to 5 mm long, 1- to 5-nerved, the nerves
excurrent, ending in sharp, straight spines 1-4 mm
long; flowers usually numerous and crowded, borne
in a simple terminal spike or in both terminal and
lateral spikes, these forming a rather large pyramidal
crowded or sometimes loose terminal paniculate
inflorescence to 20 cm long and broad, the
peduncles and rachises glabrous or floccose; bracts
triangular, 7-9 mm long, 5 mm wide, glabrous,
purplish red, ciliolate, obscurely nerved, the costa
excurrent, ending in a small spine about 0.5 mm
long; bractlets lanceolate, 5-6 mm long, 2.5 mm
wide, acuminate, purplish red, ciliolate; calyx seg
ments oblong, about 9 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide,
obtuse to acute, mucronulate, glabrous, entire to
erose or erose-dentate near tip, the apical portion
more or less ciliate with glandular or eglandular
cilia or both; corolla red, rarely orange or strawcolored,
glabrous, 3.5-4 cm long, the tube subcylindric,
slightly curved, about 4 mm broad near base,
slightly constricted at about 5 mm above the base,
thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm at mouth, the
throat transversely undulate-rugose, the upper lip
oblongovate, about 15 mm long, 5 mm wide.
rounded, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed near the tip,
ciliate, finely and sparingly pilose within, the lower
lip definitely 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 5 mm long,
2.5 mm wide, rounded; capsules oblong-clavate,
18 mm long, about 3 mm broad at base, 6 mm
broad at middle, obtuse, glabrous, minutely punctate;
seeds flat, obliquely oblong, 5 mm long, 3.5
mm broad, 1.5 mm thick, brown, minutely
roughened.
TYPE.-Moritz s.n. (syntype B, destroyed, isosyntype
BM), Venezuela, Merida, on river bank in a
shady cinchona plantation, December.
DrsTRrBUTION.-Wooded mountain slopes from
2000 to 3000 m alt. Colombia and Venezuela.
VENEZUELA. MERIDA: 5500 m alt, 1846, Funck 917.
Schlim 944 (P); Tabay, 2200-2300 m alt, 2 Sep
1930, Gehriger 402 (US, VEN); above “La Isla”,
above Tabay, 2285-2745 m alt, 18 May 1944, Steyermark
56609 (US); La Mucuy, on the slopes of
the Sierra Nevada near Merida, 2300-2800 m alt,
18 Jan 1958, C. Earle Smith, Jr. 3503 (PH, US); La
Mucuy, 2600 m alt, ,4ug 1958, Aristeguieta 3323
(VEN); Jan 1963, Aristeguieta 4921 (VEN); La
Mucuy near Tabay, Sierra Nevada, 6 Aug 1958,
Dennis 21 81 (K). TACHIRA: Highway Rubio-Las
Delicias, 15 km above Diamante, 2 km above Matamulas,
2000 m alt, 4 Oct 1967, Bunting 2470 (US).
COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: Vicinity of Las Vegas,
2600-3000 m alt 21-23 Dec 1926, Killip G Smith
16138 (NY, US); western slopes of Mount PeAa
Blanca, near Charta, 2500-2600 m alt, 11 Feb. 1927,
Killip G Smith 19262 (NY, US), CUNDINAMARCA:
Dintel, between Facatativa and La Vega, 2300-
2700 m alt, 4 Jun 1939, Pe‘rez-Arbelaez G Cuatrecasas
5320 (US); San Cayetano, Hacienda Portugal,
El Cape, 2520 m alt, 25 Aug 1966, van der Hammen
1605 (COL); rocky massif E of Santandercito, 2000
m alt, June 1915, Uribe 2115 (US); Lagunaseca or
Laguna de Catarnica, SE of Santandercito, 2100 m,
16 Apr 1961, Uribe 3695 (COL); below Salto de
Tequendama, mountain below Santibar, 2100-2200
m alt, 5 Dec 1965, Uribe 5487 (COL); collected
along the Subata-San Francisco road, 2000 m alt,
26 Aug 1947, Haught 6108 (US, holotype of A.
runcinatu Klotzsch var. straminea Leonard);
Bogota, Purdie s.n. (K). TOLIMA: Quindio, Chusquea
(bamboo) pasture, Goudot s.n. (K). ANTIOQUIA.
Camino Real Antiguo to Boqueron de
Medellin, 2500 m alt, 2 Jun 1948, Barkley, Correa,
S- Posada 101 (US); La Ceja, Dec 1939, Bro. Daniel
2172 (US); La Sierra, near Medellin, 2000 m alt,
26 Dec 1930, Archer 1093 (US); Alto de Santa
Elena, Medellin, 2500 m alt, Dec 1948, Uribe 1857
(US); Medellin, on “El Boqueoh”, highway to the
sea, 2500 m alt, 19 Jan 1952, Uribe 2274 (COL);
Medellin, 2100 m alt, Sandeman 5711 (COL, K);
along road from Medellin to Rionegro, 2000 m alt,
17 Nov 1948, Killip, Barkley, G Bro. Daniel 39837
(US, holotype of A. rzincinata Klotzsch var. fiilosa
Leonard); summit of Santa Elena, between MedelNUMBER
18
lin and Rionegro, 2500 m alt, 1 Apr 1949, Barkley,
Araque, (?. Gomez 424 (US); 30 Oct 1946, Gutie‘
rrez 1146 (MEDEL, US); 25 Apr 1948, Nova1 C!T
Barkley 18C484 (US); San Pedro, 28 Apr 1940,
Bro. Tomas 770 (US); Sonson, 2200-2600 m alt,
Dec 1891, Lehmann 7574 (K); Quebrada Naranjal,
tributary of the Rio Aures, Cordillera Central,
2740 m alt, 26-28 May 1944, Ewan 15732 (US);
Las Palmas, 2200 m alt, Bro. Daniel 4024 (US);
San Cristobal to San Jeronimo, 2000-4000 m alt,
Lehmann 7846 (K); 1880, Kalbreyer 1555 (K);
Jervise s.n. (K); May 1973, Patin s.n. (K). CALDAS:
Caldas, 1750 m alt, 5 Ju1 1918, Dawe 766 (K, NY,
US); Manizales, 2400 m alt, Triana 2372 (P, US,
W), Manizales, 2200 m alt, Triana 4071 (K).
VALLE: Rio Bravo, NW of Darien, 1380 m alt,
steep thick woodlands near stream, 26 Ju1 1962.
Robinson 120 (K); Cali, Quebrado del Cabuyal,
1844, Goudot s.n. (P); Mount El Tabor, above Las
Brisas, 1970-2100 m alt, 19 Oct 1946, Cuatrecasas
22283 (US, holotype of A. porphyrolepis Leonard,
isotype. K. WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. Triana
231 (K); Purdie s.n. (K).
Aphelandra runcinata is easily recognized by the
runciniate bracts at the base of the petiole. The
species is an attractive shrub growing in dense
woods. According to Leonard (1953:134), the leaf
blades vary greatly, with some merely irregularly
toothed and others from moderately to rather deeply
pinnatified or incised. The pubescence of the leaf
blades also varies considerably, from glabrous to
sparingly floccose to densely pilose.
2. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard
Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
31:140. 1953.
Shrub or small tree to 6 m high; stems glabrous
or minutely and sparingly puberulous; leaf blades
oblong-lanceolate, 22-26 cm long and 5-7 cm wide,
acute, narrowed at base, the margins incised, the
lobes ascending, about 5 mm long and 7-10 mm
broad, the veins excurrent, terminating in small,
sharp, yellowish spines to 2 mm long, the upper
surface sparingly hirsute, the hairs appressed, hirsute
beneath, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa
and lateral veins (about 20 pairs), the venation
moderately conspicuous, the veinlets coarsely reticu-
17
late beneath; petioles to 3.5 cm long, glabrous or
nearly so; interpetiolar bracts minute, consisting
mainly of 3-6 sharp, yellowish, hirsute or glabrous
radiating spines 1-6 mm long; flowers borne in
simple, terminal spikes to 25 cm long and about
3 cm broad, these rather lax, especially below, the
rachis upwardly strigose; bracts triangular, 15 mm
long and 5-6 mm wide, acuminate, the margins
entire or rather distantly serrate (about 6 pairs of
minute teeth), the veins excurrent, terminating in
spines to 0.5 mm long, the upper half strigose on
both surfaces, the lower half glabrous, the costa
and 1 or 2 pairs of nerves prominent; bractlets
lanceolate, to 9 mm long and 3 mm wide at base,
obscurely nerved, rather densely hirsute without,
ciliate; calyx supported by thick calluses, the segments
oblong-ovate or obovate, 10-12 mm long,
4-5 mm wide, rounded, mucronate and dentate at
tip (usually 2 pairs of minute teeth), ciliate, the
outer surface and the upper part of the inner surface
minutely and rather densely pubescent, the
hairs appressed; corolla yellow, densely pubescent
(the hairs to 0.5 mm long, more or less spreading),
4.5-5.5 cm long from base to tip of the upper lip,
the tube funnelform, slightly ventricose, 6 mm
broad narrowed gradually to about 4 mm near the
middle, thence enlarged to 1 cm broad at mouth,
the upper lip erect, 2-2.5 cm long, 6 mm wide at
base, 1 cm wide at base of the 2 lobes, these obovate,
12-14 mm long, 7-8 mm wide near tip,
rounded, the lower lip more or less spreading, divided
nearly to the base into 3 obovate lobes IO-
12 mm long and 7 mm wide, rounded; the lower
pair of stamens reaching nearly to the tip of the
upper lip; anthers of both pairs linear, about 7
mm long and 1.5 mm broad, these and the filaments
glabrous; capsule purpIe, oblong, obtusish
at apex, 5 mm broad at base, 7.5 mm broad at
middle, 3.5 mm thick, glabrous, minutely punctate:
seeds glabrous.
Tym.-Rusby 6 Pennell 891 (holotype NY, isotype
US), Colombia, Huila, E of Neiva, 1800-2300
m alt, 1-8 Aug 1917.
D1sTRIsUTIoN.-Endemic to Huila, Colombia, at
elevations between 1800-2700 meters. COLOMBIA.
HUILA: Between Hacienda Balsillitas, Meta, and
El Cedral. 2700 m alt, 16 June 1944, Little 8030
(US); Hacienda Pensilahica, 15 km E of Baraya,
2430 m alt, 24 Jun 1944, Little 8135 (US).
18 ShIITHSONIAN CON'TRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
3. Aphelandra acanthus Nees
FIGURE 48
Aphelandra acanthus Nees, in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:302.
Aphelandra quercifolia Nees, in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:302.
Aphelandra phobera Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
Aphelandra gilva Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Sat. Herb. 31:704.
1847.-Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 142. 1953.
1847.
143. 1953.
1958.
Coarse suffrutescent shrubs or small trees to 3
m high; stems fleshy (at least the upper portion),
spiny, hirsute to subtomentose, the hairs yellowish,
upwardly appressed or some of them more or less
spreading, the lower portions of the stems glabrate;
leaf blades oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 50 cm
long and 15 cm wide, acute to acuminate at tip,
narrowed at base, thin, shallowly to deeply incised,
the lobes triangular, ascending, 2-5.5 cm from
sinuses to tip, the margins serrate-dentate, the
teeth triangular, 3-4 mm long, these and the tip
armed with sharp yellowish spines to 5 mm long,
both surfaces more or less hirsute, the hairs confined
chiefly to the costa and veins (about 20
pairs), appressed or ascending, the venation rather
prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles
1-6 cm long, the pubescence similar to that of the
stem; interpetiolar bracts ovate, to 5 mm long and
broad, the nerves thick, terminating in 3-10 sharp,
straight, yellowish, spreading or retrorse spines
2-10 mm long, these hirsute or glabrate; flowers
numerous, borne in simple, compact, terminal
spikes to 30 cm long at maturity and 2.5-4 cm
broad (excluding corollas), more or less lax toward
base, the pubescence of the rachis similar to that
of the stem; bracts lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 1.8-
2.5 cm long and 9-12 mm wide (the lowermost
somewhat longer and relatively narrower, resembling
a small leaf blade) acute to acuminate, glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous, the hairs more numerous
on the outer surface than on the inner, the
margins serrate, bearing 3-6 pairs of teeth, these
and the tip terminated by sharp, yellowish, ascending,
sparingly hirsute spines to 3 mm long; bractlets
lanceolate, 11-18 mm long and 2-3.5 mm wide
near base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, the
costa excurrent, terminating in a small spine, sparingly
and minutely pubescent without, glabrous
within, the margins ciliolate; calyx segments oblong-
lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 10-14 mm long,
3.5-5 mm wide, abruptly narrowed to an acute tip.
striate-nerved, finely puberulous and ciliolate, each
segment terminating in a slender spine to 1.5 mm
long; corolla yellow, 4-6 cm long, the tube densely
yellowish tomentose except the basal portion, this
glabrous, the hairs ascending, the tube oblique,
curved, 5-10 mm broad at base, narrowed above
ovary from 4-6 mm, thence gradually enlarged,
the throat 8-10 mm broad, the upper lip erect or
slightly recurved, 14-20 mm long, about 7 mm
wide near base, bilobed, the lobes oblong-obovate,
8-15 mm long and 4.5-8 mm wide, rounded and
emarginate, the lower lip more or less spreading,
the lobes obovate, 8-1 1 mm long, about 6 mm wide,
rounded or shallowly emarginate; stamens reaching
or slightly exceeding the upper lip of the corolla;
anthers 7.5-10 mm long, 2-3 mm broad, rounded
at each end, glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsule
brown, oblong, nitid, about 1.5 cm long and 6 mm
broad.
TwE.-Humboldt 5836 (holotype B, F photo
8695), Colombia, Tolima, Quindio.
DIsmIBu'rIoN.-Andean Colombia, Ecuador and
Peru at elevations between 2000 and 3400 meters.
COLOMBIA. PUTUMAYO: La Cabana, old river basin
of the Rio Putumayo in Valle de Sibundoy, 2 Jan
1941. Cuatrecasas 11631 (US). TOLIMA: Quindio,
Bonpland s.n. (P); Mariquita, Quindio, 1350 m
alt, Feb 1843, Linden 1101 (P); Quindio, La Palmita,
Nov 1845, Goudot s.n. (K, holotype of A.
quercifolia Nees, isotype P); Mariquita, La Palmita,
Quindio, 2200 m alt, 1851-1857, Triana s.n. (K, P,
NY, W); Quindio, Nov 1853, Holton 592 (K);
Quindio, Purdie s.n. (K); along the Quindio Highway,
between Cajamarca and summit of Divide,
3050 m alt. 27-28 Mar 1939, Killip dr Varela 34685
(US); El Libano to Murillo, Alto de Penones,
2200-2950 m alt, 20 Ju1 1947, Garcia-Barriga 12273
(US); without exact locality, Andre 2047 (K).
ANTIOQUIA: Jarvise s.n. (K). CALDAS: Alaska, abovr
Salento, 3000-3400 m alt, 10-13 Aug 1922, Pennell
9704 (GH, US); banks of the Rio Othn, above
Penas Blancas, 3000 m alt, 27 Nov 1946, Cztatrecasas
23321 (US). VALLE: Along Rio Cali, between
Puente de 10s Carpatos and La hlargarita, 2000 m
alt, 2 Nov 1944, Cuatrecasas 18484 (US, holotype
of A . phobera Leonard); La Albania, valley of the
Rio Amayme, 3000-3100 m alt, 2 Feb 1965, Cuntrecnsas
26838 (Us). CAUCA: Crest of Cordillera ocNUMBER
18 19
cidental, W of Tambo, 2500-2600 m alt, 5 Nov
1946, Haught 5174 (US); San Jose, San Antonio,
2400-2700 m alt, 28 Jun 1922, Pennell & Killip
7392 (US); Canaan, Mount Purace, 2900-3100 m
alt, 11-16 Jun 1922, KiZZip 6796 (US). NARNWO:
Paramo of El Tabano, near Pasto, 3150 m alt, 30
Jul 1965, Uribe 5342 (COL); vicinity of Funes,
near Rio Tellez, 2600 m alt, 1 Dec 1944, Ewan
16501 (US, holotype of A. gilva Leonard); Quebrada
Panacual, 8 km S of Piedrancha, Rio Guaga
drainage, 2800 m alt, 3 Oct 1913, Fosbel-g 22113
(US); Ipiales, Victoria highway to San Jorge, 2100
m alt, 23 Jun 1962, Mom 2172 (COL, US). WITHOUT
LOCALITY: 1760-1808, Mutis 1944 (US); Pul-die
s.n. (K). ECUADOR. PICHINCHA: Below San Juan
toward Chiriboga, 2900 m alt, 31 Dec 1955, AspZund
18982 ( S ) ; road Chillogallo-Chiriboga, between
the village and km 48, 1600-2000 m alt, 12
Jun 1967, Sparre 16974 (S). CHIMBORAZO: Road of
Pusucucho a1 Placer, 2850-3500 m alt, 10 Feb 1944,
Acosta 7279 (F). NAPO-PASTAZA: Cosanga, 1900 m
alt, 11 Jan 1940, Asplzind 10329 (S); Papallacta,
27-29 Jan 1959, Hurling 3927 (S); Santa BArbara,
2700 m alt, 15 Ju1 1955, Asplund 16916. PERU.
JUN~N: Oxapampa, 1600 m alt, Aug 1944, Soupkup
2403 (US).
4. Aphelandra eurystoma Mildbraed
Aphelandra eurystotna Mildbraed, Notizbl. 11:64. 1930.
Perennial herb to 1.5 m high; stem spiny, glabrous;
leaf blades oblong or narrowly obovateelliptic
in outline, to 45 cm long and 20 cm wide,
acuminate and spine-tipped, pinnately parted, the
lobes subopposite, the larger 5 or 6 on each side
about 10 cm long and 3 cm wide at base, the margins
coarsely spinose-dentate, the sinuses narrowly
rounded, reaching to within about 1 cm of the
costa the lower lobes gradually reduced in size, the
sinuses becoming broader and reaching the stout
costa, the spines to 1 cm long, the base of the leaf
blade often spinose-auriculate, both surfaces glabrous
or the upper surface sparingly pilosulous;
interpetiolar bracts ovate, up to 1.5 cm long, terminating
in 5-6 sharp spines; inflorescence much
branched forming a broad loose corymb about 25
cm in diameter, the lower branches about 25 cm
long, recurved toward summit, the upper relatively
short, glabrous below to rather densely softpubescent
at tip, the branches subtended by bracts
similar to the stem leaves but smaller, the individual
spikes short, 3-9 cm long, about 2 cm in diameter,
solitary or several on each branch of the
inflorescence, closely imbricate, the lower bracts
reflexed, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm long,
5-6 mm wide, long-acuminate, spinose-dentate;
floral bracts oblong-ovate, up to 2 cm long, 7-9 mm
wide at middle, acuminate, tipped by a small
spine, the margins bearing one to several spines
about 0.5 mm long, pilose, the hairs gland-tipped,
the veins rather prominent; bractlets linear, 9-10
mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, acute, rather sparingly
nerved, glandular pilose; calyx segments striatenerved,
glandular-pilose above to subglabrate below,
the posterior segment 12 mm long, 3 mm wide,
narrowed and truncately 2-3 toothed at apex, the
anterior segments linear, slightly shorter, 3 mm
wide, acuminate, the lateral pair similar, 2 mm
wide; corolla 2.5-3.5 cm long, purple, pubescent,
the hairs both glandular and eglandular, the tube
curved, 3 mm wide at base, slightly narrowed 6
mm above base, thence obliquely broadened to an
infundibuliform throat 12 mm wide, the lips erect,
the upper lip 10 mm long and 14 mm wide, 2-lobed
to middle, the lobes broadly truncate or obcordate,
8 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the middle lip trapeziform, broadly truncate, 10
mm long, 12 mm wide, the lateral lobes oblong, 8
mm long, 4 mm wide, obliquely rounded; filaments
about 2 cm long, subequal; anthers 3.5-4 mm long;
pollen grains ellipsoid, barely twice as long as
wide; ovary silky-velutinous, 3 mm long; style glabrous,
about 2 cm long; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-A. Weberbauel- 7876 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8706, isotype GH, NY, US), Peru,
Cuzco, Quispicanchi. in the Marcapata Valley near
Chilechile, 2200-2300 m alt, 22 Feb 1929.
DIsmmurroN.-Shaded moist places in rocky soil,
in the departments of Cuzco and Puno, Peru.
PERU. CUZCO, Quispicanchi: Marcapata, near
Chilechile, left bank of Araza River, 2300 m alt.
9 Dec 1938, Val-gas 9680 (UC); Convencion: Estacibn
hlachupicchu, 2000 m alt, 1938, Vargas 786
(F). PUNO, Sandia: 9 km from Limbani, on road,
at Chamacani, 2700 m alt, 19 May 1942, R. D. Met-
ApheZandl-a eurystoma is unique in its relativelv
calf 30549 (UC, US).
short, oblique corolla and pubescent ovary.
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
5. Aphelundra kolobantha Lindau
Aphelandra kolobantha Lindau, Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot.
Geneve 2:39. 1898.
Stem glabrous or sparingly pubescent, fleshy;
leaves sessile, oblonglanceolate, to 50 cm long and
15 cm wide (those of the specimens examined
about 30 cm long and 10 cm wide), acuminate and
spine-tipped at apex, gradually narrowed from
middle to base, often auriculate, thin, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and principal lateral
veins sparingly pilose, the margins deeply sinuate
and forming 5 or 6 pairs of broad blunt lobes,
both lobes and sinuses spinulose-dentate, the spines
2-3 mm long; interpetiolar bracts ovate, up to 1.5
cm long, terminating in 3-5 pairs of sharp spines;
spikes solitary, terminal, to 18 cm long, at first
dense, later becoming lax, the peduncle to 10 cm
long and 3 mm broad, glabrous or sparingly pubescent,
the rachis finely pubescent; bracts narrowly
lanceolate, minutely puberulent, the lower to
40 mm long and 7 mm wide, slenderly acuminate
and spine-tipped, triple nerved, the margins bearing
5 or 6 slender spine-tipped teeth, the upper
linear, entire but spine-tipped, somewhat shorter;
bractlets linear, 8 mm long, 1 mm wide at base,
minutely pubescent, triple nerved; calyx segments
lanceolate, 9 mm long, 2-3 mm wide at base, acuminate,
sometimes 2-toothed at apex, thin parallelnerved,
finely pubescent; corolla pale mauve, to 5
cm long, finely pubescent, the tube straight, suberect,
3 mm wide at base, narrowed to 2 mm at
about 10 mm above base, thence, subobliquely enlarged
to a cylindric throat 9 mm in diameter, the
lips equal, the lobes rounded, the upper lip 5 mm
long and 7 mm wide, emarginate, the lower lip
3-lobed, the middle lobe 2-parted, the segments
connate for about 3 mm, oval, about 5 mm long,
4 mm wide, emarginate, the lateral lobes about 6
mm long and 5 mm wide, emarginate; filaments
about 35 mm long; anthers 4.5 mm long, barely
exserted; style 47 cm long, exserted; capsule oblong,
about 2 cm long, 6 mm in diameter, obtuse
at apex, glabrous, the two halves spreading and
recurved after dehiscence.
TYPE.-C. hlondon 300 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8667, isotypes GH, K, P, US, W), Bolivia,
Larecaja, vicinity of Sorata, along a shady brook
at Teneria near Condurpata, 2900 m alt, Jan-Mar
1898.
DIsmIBuTIoN.-Endemic to Bolivia. BOLIVIA:
Choro, 2700 m alt, Brooke 6050 (F).
As suggested by Lindau in the type-description,
Aphelandra kolobantha bears a superficial resemblance
to Acanthus spinosus L., one of the few native
European species of Acanthaceae. The deeply
lobed middle lobe of the lower lip of the corolla
and the long narrow spiny bracts are characters by
which this species can be easily recognized.
6. Aphelandra huilensis Leonard
Aphelandra huilensis Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:
146. 1953.
Suffrutescent herb to 2 m high or more; stems
glabrate below, strigose toward tip, the hairs about
0.5 mm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic in outline,
15-25 cm long and 9-12 cm wide, acute to acuminate
at apex and terminating in a yellowish spine
0.75-2 mm long, narrowed at base, deeply incised,
the lobes triangular to oblong, to 7 cm long, each
lobe terminated by a small yellowish spine (1-2
mm long), the entire margin serrate, the teeth 1-4
mm long and broad, all spine-tipped, the upper
surface sparingly strigose or the costa and veins
(about 20 pairs) more densely so, the lower surface
more densely strigose, the hairs of the costa
and veins appressed or ascending, the venation of
the lower surface more prominent than that of the
upper; interpetiolar bracts triangular, about 4 mm
long, bearing a pair of stout spines, one about 1
cm long, the other 2-3 mm long; spikes terminal
and axillary to 10 cm long and 2-4 cm broad, the
rachis sparingly strigose; bracts about 2 cm long
and 8 mm wide, acuminate, terminating in a spine
about 1 mm long, the inner surface glabrous, the
outer surface rather sparingly strigose, the margins
ciliate, bearing 1-4 pairs of spine-tipped teeth, the
spines 1-2 mm long; bractlets lanceolate, about 17
mm long and 3 mm wide near base, acuminate,
terminated by a spine 1 mm long, striate-nerved,
the inner suface glabrous, the outer rather sparingly
strigose, ciliate, the margins usually entire;
calyx segments red, oblong-lanceolate, 23-25 mm
long, 3.5-5 mm wide, minutely strigose, the inner
surface only so toward tip, the margins thin, sparingly
and minutely dentate; corolla 4 cm long, red,
rather densely hirsute except the glabrous basal
portion, the tube 4 mm broad near base,, slightly
NUMBER 18 21
contracted above the ovary, thence enlarged to 7
mm and again contracted at mouth to 5 mm, the
upper lip erect, 5 mm long and 3-5 mm wide,
bilobed, the lobes 3 mm long and 2.5 mm wide,
rounded. emarginate, the lower lip more or less
spreading, about 4 mm long, 3-lobed, the lobes
ovate, 3.5 mm long and broad, rounded, the middle
lobe flat; stamens reaching the mouth of the
corolla tube; anthers yellow, 5-7 mm long, 1.5 mm
broad; filaments triangular in cross section, glabrous
toward tip, strigose toward base; pistil
glabrous.
TYPE.-K. von Sneidern 2649 (holotype S), Colombia,
Huila. at La Plata, 2600 m alt. 20 Mar
1939.
DIsmIBUTIoN.-Endemic to Colombia, found at
elevations above 2000 meters in the departments
of Tolima, Huila and Cauca. COLOMBIA. TOLIMA:
Rio Hereje, near Albania, 2000 m alt, 20 Nov 1944,
Core 1619 (US). CAUCA: Along the Rio San Jose
at Aguabonita, in the region of Moscopan,N,, 2280
m alt, 30 Jan 1947, Cuatrecasas 23462 (US).
7. Aphelandra acanthifolia Hooker
FIGURES 1 , 39
Aphelandra acanthifolia Hooker, Icon. P1. 2, pl. 113. 1837.
Shrub or small tree to 8 m high; stems spiny,
sparingly pilose, the hairs 0.5-1 mm long, yellowish
brown, more or less appressed; leaf blades ellipticovate,
acuminate at both ends, to 30 cm long and
12 cm wide, the upper surface dark green, hirsute,
the hairs about 1 mm long, the lower surface paler
green, velvety, densely hirsute with yellowish
spreading hairs, the margins coarsely serrate, the
teeth tipped by rigid spines 2-5 mm long; petioles
rather short, 1-2 cm long, spiny near base, densely
pilose, the hairs more or less spreading; interpetiolar
bracts small, triangular, the veins ending in
1-5 straight, sharp, yellowish spines to 1.5 cm
long; inflorescence a terminal spike and several
similar spikes in the axils of the upper leaves, to
15 cm long, 3-4 cm in diameter, loosely imbricate,
the peduncle 3-8 cm long, densely pilose, the hairs
yeIlowish, more or less spreading; bracts triangularovate,
14-15 mm long, 6-7 mm wide near base,
slenderly acuminate, terminating in a small spine
about 1.5 mm long, entire, glabrous within, otherwise
pilose with yeIlowish appressed or spreading
hairs; bractlets triangular-ovate, 12-13 mm long,
3-4 mm wide near base, abruptly and slenderly
acuminate, spine-tipped, rounded, somewhat cari.
nate, sparingly pilose, striate-nerved toward base;
calyx segments oblong-ovate, spine-tipped, minutely
and rather sparingly puberulent, striate-nerved,
the nerves callous below, the margins, especially
toward tip, pilose, the posterior 12-13 mm long,
4 mm wide, acuminate, the anterior and lateral
pairs 11-12 mm long, 3 mm wide, acute; corolla
tube orange-scarlet, the lobes yellow, sericeous
without, glabrous within, the tube 32-63 mm long,
4-5 mm wide at base, 7-9 mm wide at mouth, the
upper lip 10 mm long, 2-lobed, the lobes 5 mm
long, 3 mm wide, the lower tip 10 mm long, 3-
lobed, the middle lobe concave, 5 mm long and
broad, the lateral lobes about 3 mm long and
broad; stamens exserted about 5 mm beyond the
upper lip; filaments about 30 mm long, sparingly
pilose; anthers about 6 mm long; pollen grains
typical, 84p long, 381.1 wide; ovary 5 mm long, glabrous;
style about 55 mm long, glabrous; capsule
ovate but sIightly stipitate, 1.7 cm long, 0.5 cm
wide, nitid, glabrous; mature seeds not seen.
TYPE.-"/lathews s.n. (holotype K, isotypes FI,
P ) , Peru, Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 1836.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Southern Ecuador and northern
Peru. ECUADOR. L o JA: Zamora-Huaico (SE Loja),
2300 m alt, 15 Dec 1947, Espinosa 2267 (US); 2250-
2300 m alt, 17 Ju1 1946, Espinosa 650 (US); Hacienda
Montecristi 40 km NE of Loja, course of
Rio Zamora toward Oriente, 8 Jun 1947, Espinosa
1477 (US); vicinity of Loja, 29 Sep-3 Oct 1918,
Rose 23296 (US); vicinity of Loja, 2500 m alt, 28
Ju1 1939, Penland 1149 (US); Loja, Apr 1905,
2200 m alt, Rivet 970 (P); near Loja, 8 Nov 1881,
Poortmann 131 (P); mountains of Loja, Jul, Hartweg
s.n. (K); Riobamba to Loja, 2500 rn alt, 1876,
Andre' 4515 (K); without definite locality, Jameson
sen. (US). PERU. CAJAMARCA: Jean: Near Hda
Agua Blanca on Jeronga River, 2400 m alt, 30 Ju1
1943, Evinger 471 (US); Cutervo: La Achira (Socota-
San Andres), 24 May 1965, Lopez G Sagastegui
5397 (HUT, US); Chota and Cutervo, June 1879,
Telskii 149 (W); Hualgayoc: Hacienda Taulis, vicinity
of Casa Hacienda, 2300 m alt, 29 Aug 1964,
Hutchison 6- von Bismarck 6354 (UC, US, USM).
AMAZONAS: Chachapoyas: Quebrada M o h o 5 km
below Chachapoyas, 2200-2400 m alt, 5 June 1962,
Wzirdack 745 (US); Levanto, 1840, Mathews 3165
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
(K). LA LIBERTAD: Bolivar: Road between Unamen-
Bolivar, 3050 m alt, 2 June 1960, Lopez &
Sagastegui 3318 (HUT, US). WITHOUT LOCALIT.
1876-1877, Vidal-etnege s.n. (P); 1872, Grisar s.n.
(P).
8. Aphelandra reticuluta Wasshausen
Aphelandra reticuluta Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:493. 1973.
Suffrutescent shrub 2-4 m high, the bark smooth,
grayish; stems densely yellowish white-tomentose;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 9-10 cm long and 3 cm
wide, acuminate and spine-tipped, narrowed at
base, subcoriaceous, the margins spinose-dendate,
the spines 1-1.5 mm long, both surfaces pilosulous,
the hairs whitish, densest on the costa and veins,
the upper surface nitid, rugose, the lower surface
strongly reticulate-nerved; petioles about 1 cm
long, tomentose; interpetiolar bracts small, triangular,
5 mm long, consisting mainly of 2, sharp, yellowish
spines 3 mm long; flowers borne in terminal
spikes, these 6-7 cm long and 1-1.5 cm in diameter,
the bracts erect-spreading, the rachis subtomentose;
bracts lanceolate, 13-15 mm long, 4 mni wide at
base, gradually narrowed to a slender spine-tipped
point, entire, the lowermost bracts intergradinq
into stem leaves, these occasionally bearing several
spine-tipped teeth on the margins, subtomentose;
bractlets lanceolate, 1 cm long, 2 mm wide at base,
gradually narrowed to a slender spine-tipped point,
I-nerved, faintly striate, pilosulous; calyx segments
narrowly triangular, striate-nerved, subequal, 8 min
long, the posterior segment 2.5 mm wide at base,
the anterior pair 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.5
inn1 wide, all spine-tipped, ciliate; corolla orange,
4 cm long, finely pubescent, gradually enlarged
from 4 mm at base to 9 mm at mouth, the upper
lip elliptic, 9 mm long and 4 mm wide, 2-lobed,
the lobes elliptic, 3 mm long and 2 mm wide,
obtuse at apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
orbicular, the middle lobe 4 mm long, 8 mm wide,
the lateral lobes 4 mm in diameter; stamens as
long as the lower lip, glabrous; anthers 4.5 mm
long, glabrous; style exceeding anthers by 3 mm,
glabrous; capsule not seen.
TYIT.--W. Gehi iger 294 (holotype US, isotypes
F, 1.10, VEN), Venezuela, Merida, Mucuruba, 780-
810 m alt, 3 Ju1 1930.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra reticulata is distinguished from A.
rnutisii, its nearest relative, by the strongly reticulate
and rugose leaf blades, the entire bracts and
the larger corollas. The corolla of A. rnutisii is
about 3 cm long and the leaf blades, although very
similar in shape, size, and pubescence, are faintly
if at all rugose and reticulate.
9. Aphelandra cinnabarina Wasshausen
Aphelandra cinnabarina Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:485.
1973.
Suffrutescent shrub, 3 m high; stems subquadrangular,
densely strigose; leaf blades oblong,
21-26 cm long and 4.5-5.5 cm wide, acuminate and
spine-tipped, narrowed at base, submembranaceous,
the margins spinose-dentate, the spines about 2 mm
long, the upper surface deep green-subnitid, strigose,
the lower surface pale green and dull, strigose,
the costa and lateral veins numerous, more pronounced
beneath than above; petioles about 1 cm
long, densely strigose; interpetiolar bracts small,
triangular, 3 mm long, sparingly strigose, the veins
excurrent, ending in 1-5 straight, sharp, yellowish
spines to 5 mm long, the middle one longer than
the others; flowers borne in 1-6 terminal and subterminal,
peduncled spikes, these 5-7 cm long and
1.5-2 cm wide, the peduncles 2-4 cm long, densely
hirsute, the rachis strigillose; bracts entire, lanceolate,
10 mm long, 4 mm wide, gradually narrowed
to a slender spine-tipped point, the lowermost
bracts intergrading into stem leaves, these occasionally
bearing several spine-tipped teeth on the
margins, 3-nerved, strigillose, ciliolate; bractlets
lanceolate, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, gradually
narrowed to a slender spine-tipped point, I-nerved,
faintly striate, strigillose, ciliolate; calyx segments
lanceolate, striate-nerved, glabrous, subequal, 8 mm
long, acuminate and spine-tipped, distinctly callose
at base, the posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the
anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2 mm
wide. all ciliolate; corolla orange-red without, the
lobes internally yellow with red spots, hirtellous,
4-4.5 cm long, the tube 4 mm broad at base, narrowed
to 2 mm at 4 mm above base, thence gradually
enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper lip
erect, oblong, 10 mm long and 4 mm wide, bilobed,
NUMBER 18 23
the lobes oblong, 4 mm long and 2.5 mm wide,
acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes
ovate, subequal, the middle lobe 4 mm long and
wide, the lateral lobes 4 mm long and 3 mm wide,
all obtuse; stamens almost reaching the tip of the
upper lip; anthers 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, rounded
at base, arachnoid at tip; capsule ovate, 15 mm
long, 8 mm wide, nitid, glabrous, minutely pitted;
seeds dark brown, rugose, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide.
TYPE.--W. H. Camp E-3374 (holotype US, isotype
NY), Ecuador, Chimborazo, Canon of the
Rio Chanchan, about 5 km N of Huigra, 1500-
1950 m alt, 19-28 May 1945.
DIsmIBuTIoN.-Andean Ecuador, at elevations
above 1220 meters. ECUADOR. AZUAY: Between
Rio Gamolotal and Rio Huigra on road to Molleturo,
1220-1520 m alt, 10 Jun 1943, Steyermark
52915 (F).
Related to Aphelandra grangeri Leonard, of Colombia
and Ecuador, A. cinnabarina differs markedly
in its relatively longer, broader, and strigose
leaf blades. The leaf blades of A. grangeri are to
14 cm long and 4 cm wide and glabrous.
10. Aphelandra tillettii Wasshausen
FIGURE 35
Afihelandra tillettii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:473. 1973.
Shrub with many ascending branches; stems
terete, glabrous; leaf blades elliptic to oblong,
about 15 cm long and 5-6 cm wide, shortacuminate,
the tip itself a short spine, cuneate at
base, firm, serrate, the teeth rather closely set, 1-2
mm long, each terminating in a sharp, ascending
spine 1-2 mm long, the upper surface grayish
green glabrous, the lower surface similar, the costa
and lateral veins (about 15 pairs) equally prominent
on both surfaces; petioles 1.5-3 cm long, subquadrangular,
canaliculate, glabrous; interpetiolar
bracts rhombate, 8 mm long and 3 mm wide, glabrous,
narrowed at apex into a long, straight, yellowish
spine about 3 mm long; fl'owers borne in
lax terminal and subterminal spikes 11-15 cm
long and 0.8 mm broad (excluding corollas), the
peduncles 4-4.5 cm long, glabrous, the rachis subtomentose;
bracts small, green, entire, triangularovate,
8-9 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, acuminate, the
tip itself ending in a spine, glabrous, glandularpunctate,
subcoriaceous; bractlets lanceolate, 7.5
mm long, 2 mm wide, gradually narrowed to a
slender point tipped by a spine 1.5 mm long, glabrous,
striate-nerved, ciliolate; calyx segments subulate,
subequal, 8-9 mm long, acuminate and
spine-tipped at apex, glabrous, ciliate, striatenerved,
the posterior segment 2 mm wide, the anterior
pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide:
corolla orange-red at base, shading to lighter and
more yellow above, pilose, about 4 cm long, the
tube 2.5 mm broad at base, thence gradually and
obliquely enlarged to 6 mm at mouth, the upper
lip erect, oblong, 7 mm long and 3 mm wide at
base, minutely bilobed, the lobes 1 mm long and
wide, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal,
the middle lobe ovate, 2 mm long and 2.5
mm wide, the lateral lobes oblong, 2.5 mm long,
1.5 mm wide, all obtuse; stamens just reaching the
mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 5 mm long, 1
mm wide, arachnoid at tip; capsule not seen.
TYPE.--S. TiZZett 673-291 (holotype US), Peru,
Amazonas, Bongara, Yambrasbamba, 40 km N of
Jumbilla, 1860-2000 m alt, 2 Mar 1967.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Know only from the typelocality.
Distantly related to Aphelandra wurdackii Wasshausen,
of Peru, A. tillettii differs in having larger
and broader leaf blades, longer spikes, triangularovate
bracts, and pilose corollas.
11. Aphelandra grangeri Leonard
FIGURE 31
Aphelandra grangeri Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Kat. Herb. 31:
701. 1958.
Shrubs; stems glabrous, subterete, puberulous
above, the hairs more or less appressed; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, to 14 cm long
and 4 cm wide, acute or subacute, rounded or
obtuse at base, glabrous, nitid above, coriaceous,
the margins serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular,
2-5 mm long, terminating in sharp spines to 3 mm
long, the costa and lateral veins (8-10 pairs) prominent
beneath, obscure above; petioles 3-15 mm
long, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the hairs
similar to those of the stems; interpetiolar bracts
small, rhombic or suborbicular, to 2 mm long and 1.5
mm wide, tipped by a spine about 1.25 mm long,
sometimes bearing a pair of lateral spines about 0.5
mm long; flowers borne in rather dense, terminal
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
spikes to 4.5 cm long and 1.5 cm broad (the corollas
excluded), sessile, the rachis densely puberulous,
the hairs similar to those of the stems, the lowermost
internodes to 8 mm long, the others successively
shorter toward the tip of the spike; the
lowermost flowers subtended by large leaf-like
bracts, these about 3 cm long and 10 mm wide; the
upper bracts lanceolate, 10 mm long including the
terminal spine (1 mm long), 2 mm wide, slenderly
acuminate, entire, coriaceous, sparingly puberulous,
except the margins, these ciliolate, the cilia more
or less spreading, the costa prominent; bractlets
lanceolate, 7-8 mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide near
the base, slenderly acuminate, terminating in a
spine about 1.25 mm long, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous, except the margins, these ciliate, the
cilia more or less spreading; calyx segments lanceolate,
9 mm long, 3 mm wide near base, acuminate,
terminating in a sharp spine about 0.5-1 mm long,
glabrous or bearing a few minute dorsal hairs, the
margins densely ciliate, the cilia more or less
spreading, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves
numerous and rather prominent: corolla 4 cm
long, orange to red-orange, rather densely pubescent,
the hairs spreading, the tube 3 mm broad at
base, enlarged to 4 mm just above base, then narrowed
to 3 mm at 1 cm above base, thence enlarged
to 7.5 mm at throat, the upper lip becoming erect,
linear, about 1 cm long, 3 mm wide, bilobed at
tip, the lobes oblong, about 3 mm long and 1.5 mm
wide, rounded and emarginate at tip, the lower
lip divided to base into 3 suborbicular lobes, these
4 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, rounded; stamens
reaching the throat of the corolla; anthers 4.5 mm
long, 1.5 mm broad, glabrous; filaments minutely
pilose at base, glabrous above; style 3.5 cm long,
glabrous; stigma cupular and fimbriate; ovary
glabrous: capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Granger &+ Rodriguez 10 (holotype US),
Colombia, Cauca, on the Finca Las Mercedes, near
Silvia, 3300 m alt, 1943.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia and Ecuador
at elevations above 2,700 meters. COLOMBIA. cAuCA:
Paramo de Las Papas, between El Boqueron and
La Hoyola, 3200-3510 m alt, 7-27 Sep 1958, Idrobo,
Pinto, 6. Bischler 3922 (P). ECUADOR. IMBABURA:
Shanshipamba, 2700 m alt, 11 Nov 1949, Acosta
14203 (F). CHIMBORAZO: Near Chimborazo, Andre
4427 (K). AZUAY: Nudo de Portete; pass between
headwaters of the rios Tarqui (Atlantic) and Giron
(Pacific), 2700 m alt, 10 Mar 1945, Camp E-2188
(NY, US); Cerra de St. Rosa, 19 Dec 1881, Poortmann
247 (P). LOJA: Cerro Villonaco, 2800 m alt,
5 Oct 1946, Espinosu E-759 (F).
12. Aphekndra euopla Leonard
Aphelandra euopla Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
138, 1953.
Shrubby, thorny plants to 2 m high; stems subtomentose
above, glabrate below; leaf blades oblongelliptic,
6-7 cm long, 2-3 cm wide (the spines
not included), coriaceous, glabrous or the costa and
veins (10 or 12 pairs) bearing a few weak hairs,
the margins serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular,
2-5 mm long, ending in sharp spreading spines to
5 mm long, the upper surface bright green, drying
light olive green, the lower surface drying dark
olive green, the venation very prominent, especially
on the lower surface, the veinlets coarsely
reticulate toward margins; petioles to 5 mm long,
rather sparingly pilose; interpetiolar bracts ovate
or suborbicular, 3-5 mm long and wide, serratedentate,
the teeth terminating in spines, the terminal
one as much as 7 mm long; flowers borne in
rather dense terminal and subterminal spikes 5-7
cm long and about 2 cm broad (the corollas ex.
cluded), the peduncles (about 8 mm long) and the
rachis brown-puberulous; bracts lanceolate, about
20 mm long including the terminal spine (2.5 mm
long), 4 mm wide, acute, entire, coriaceous, sparingly
ciliate, otherwise glabrous, the costa prominent;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 12 mm long,
including the terminal spine (2-2.5 mm long), 2
mm wide, acuminate, subcarinate, coriaceous, the
costa prominent, terminating in a spine sparingly
ciliolate: calyx 1 cm long, the segments subequal,
chartaceous. lanceolate, 2.5-4 mm wide, abruptly
acute and at least some of them minutely dentate
near tip (2-4 teeth), all terminating in a spine
about 1 mm long, glabrous or bearing a few minute
hairs, sparingly ciliolate; corolla 4.5-5 cm long,
yellow distally, orange proximally, finely pubescent,
the hairs segmented, up to 0.5 mm long or a
few of them slightly longer, the tube slightly curved,
3 mm broad at base, narrowed at about 5 mm
above base to 2.5 mm, thence rather abruptly enlarged
to 5.5 mm, the throat 6 mm broad, the portion
from about 1.5 cm above base to mouth
NUMBER 18 25
tubular, the upper lip obovate, erect, 1 cm long,
3 mm wide at base, 4 mm wide near tip, emarginate,
the lobes triangular, obtuse, sometimes bilobed
at tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, more or less spreading,
the lobes oval, 5 mm long, 3.54 mm wide, obtuse
or rounded, the sinuses rounded; stamens and pistil
as long as the upper corolla lip; anthers 5 mm
long, pilose at tip; filaments glabrous except at
juncture with connective, here dorsally pilose; style
glabrous; ovary glabrous; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.--J. Cuatrecasas 20236 (holotype US), Colombia,
Valle, Valley of the Rio Bugalagrande, at
Cuchilla de Barragin, 5320-3300 m alt, 20 Mar
1946.
DrsmIsUTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
13, Aphelandra phaina Wasshausen
Aphelandra phaina Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:492. 1973.
Suffrutescent, branched shrub, 2 m high; stems
sparingly subtomentose toward tips, terete; leaf
blades oblong, 12-15 cm long, 4.5-5.5 cm wide,
acuminate, gradually narrowed and obtuse at base,
firm, coriaceous, glabrous or the costa and veins
(numerous) bearing a few hairs, the margins
serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular, 4-5 mm high,
ending in sharp spreading spines 2-3 mm long,
the upper surface drying bright yellowish green,
the lower surface drying a dull olivaceous, the
venation very prominent, especially on the lower
surface, the veinlets coarsely reticulate toward margins;
petioles 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous or sparingly
tomentose; interpetiolar bracts oblong to ovate,
16 mm long, 9 mm wide, serrate-dentate, the teeth
terminating in spines, the terminal one short, 1
mm long, the lateral ones 4 mm long; flowers
borne in terminal, peduncled spikes 17.5 cm long
and about 3 cm broad (excluding corollas), the
peduncle (about 5.5 cm long) and rachis glabrous;
bracts reddish, ovate, 20-23 mm long, 11.5-12 mm
wide, acuminate and occasionally spine-tipped,
nitid, coriaceous, striate-nerved, entire, glabrous:
bractlets lanceolate, 12 mm long, 4 mm wide, shortacuminate,
the tip a small mucro, subcarinate,
coriaceous, striate-nerved, glabrous; calyx segments
red, oblong-elliptic, 16-17 cm long, acute and mucronulate,
striate-nerved, glabrous, the segments
subequal, the posterior one 4.5 mm wide, the anterior
pair 4 mm wide and the lateral pair 3.5 mm
wide; corolla crimson, glabrous, 5-5.5 cm long,
the tube 4 mm broad at base, narrowed to 3 mm
at 1 cm above base, thence gradually enlarged to
7 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 14 mm
long, 7 mm wide, the tip obtuse and entire, the
lower lip 3-lobed, more or less spreading, the middle
lobe obovate, 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, obtuse,
the lateral lobes 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, obtuse or
rounded; stamens terminating at tip of upper
corolla lip; anthers 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, acute,
glabrous; capsule not seen.
TYPE.--W. H. Camp E-4292 (holotype US, isotype
NY), Ecuador, Azuay, Eastern Cordillera, 1-8
km N of Sevilla de Oro, 2400-2700 m alt, 27 Ju1
1945.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Endemic to Ecuador, in the provinces
of El Oro and Azuay at elevations between
2135-2700 meters. ECUADOR. EL ORO: Near Pampa
de 10s Cedros, south of Cerro Chivo-Turco,
forested slopes along quebradas tributary to Rio
Palma, 2135-2285 m alt, 11 Aug 1943, Steyermark
53783 (F).
Aphelandra phaina is closely related to A. chrysantha
Wasshausen, but the bracts of that relative
are pale green, the calyx yellowish green, and the
corolla yellow.
14. Aphelandra chrysantha Wasshausen
FIGURES 45, 46
Aphelandra chrysantha Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:483. 1973.
Suffrutescent shrub, branched near base, 3 m
high; stems subtomentose toward tips, subquadrangular;
leaf blades oblong to elliptic, 17.5-18.5
cm long, 4.5-5 cm wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed
and obtuse at base, firm, coriaceous, glabrous
or the costa and veins (15-17 pairs) bearing a few
weak hairs, the margins serrate-dentate, the teeth
triangular, 4-7 mm high, ending in sharp spreading
spines 3 mm long, the upper surface drying
bright yellowish green, the lower surface drying
dull olivaceous, the venation rather prominent
below: petioles about 1.5 cm long, rather sparingly
tomentose; interpetiolar bracts ovate or suborbiculate,
12 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, serrate-dentate, the
teeth terminating in spines, the terminal one as
much as 7 mm long; flowers borne in terminal,
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
peduncled spikes 17-18.5 cm long and about 3 cm
broad (the corollas excluded), the peduncle (about
7 cm long) and rachis glabrous; bracts pale green,
ovate, 25 mm long, 13 mm wide, acuminate and
spine-tipped, coriaceous, striate-nerved, entire, glabrous;
bractlets lanceolate, 13-14 mm long, 5.5 mm
wide, short-acuminate, the tip itself a small mucro,
subcarinate, coriaceous, striate-nerved, glabrous;
calyx segments pale yellowish green, oblong-elliptic,
18 mm long, acute and mucronulate, striate-nerved,
glabrous, subequal, the posterior one 6 mm wide,
the anterior pair 5 mm wide and the lateral pair
4 mm wide; corolla bright yellow, glabrous, 5-5.5
cm long, the tube 4 mm broad at base, narrowed
to 3 mm at 1 cm above base, thence gradually enlarged
to 12 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect,
oblong, 14 mm long, 8 mm wide, the tip obtuse
and entire, the lower lip 3-lobed, more or less
spreading, the middle lobe ovate, 6 mm long, 7.5
mm wide, retuse at apex, the lateral lobes 6 mm
long, 7 mm wide, obtuse or rounded; stamens terminating
at tip of upper corolla lip; anthers 8-9
mm long, arachnoid at tip, bearing a sterile theca;
capsule ovate, 2 cm long, 9 mm broad, acute, darkbrown,
nitid, minutely pitted; seeds muricate, dark
brown, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide.
TYPE,--W. H. Camp E-4291 (holotype US, isotype
NY), Ecuador, Azuay, Eastern Cordillera, 1-8
km N of Sevilla de Oro, 2400-2700 m alt, 27 JuI
1945.
DIsmIsUTIoN.-Andean Ecuador in the provinces
of Azuay and Loja at elevations between 1600-2800
meters. ECUADOR. LO JA: Above Loja towards
Catamayo, 2800 m alt, 9 Oct 1955, Asplund 18060
(S); road from Loja to La Tuna, km 14-34, 1600-
2600 m alt, 21 Nov 1961, Dobson (1* Thien 1515
(US); slopes of Cerro Villonaco, 10 km W of Loja,
2400 m alt, 6 Mar 1966, Knight 520 (US).
Aphelandra chrysantha is closely related to A.
phaina Wasshausen, but the bracts of that relative
are reddish, the calyx red, and the corolla crimson.
15. Aphelandra rusbyi Britton
Aphelandra rusbyi Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27:77. 1900.
Aphelandra cryptantha Rusby, Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 7:364.
1927.
Suffrutescent, 40-60 cm high or more; stems
terete, the upper portion pilose, the hairs whitish,
to 2 mm long, appressed or somewhat spreading;
leaves sessile or the lower with very short broad
petioles, the blades oblanceolate to oblong-obovate,
10-22 cm long, 2-9 cm wide, narrowly cuneate at
base, acute and spine-tipped at apex, both surfaces
sparingly pilose or glabrous, the hairs spreading
and confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins
(8-10 on each side), the upper surface green, the
lower paler, the upper fourth of the margin entire
and ciliate, the remainder spinose-dentate, the
teeth (2-5 pairs) produced by the continuation of
the lateral veins, successively larger and more spinose
toward base, the spines 3-4 mm long; interpetiolar
bracts small, oblanceolate, about 4 mm
long, spine-tipped; spike single, terminal, solitary
or several, the lower in the axils of the upper
leaves, to 9 cm long, about 2 cm in diameter, the
bracts closely imbricate, the peduncles 3-5 cm
long, these and the rachis rather densely pilosulous;
bracts lanceolate to ovate, the upper side reddish,
the lower green with reddish and orange-yellowish
spots, 1.5-2.4 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, acute and
spine-tipped, puberulent, the margins pilose and
bearing on each side 4-6 slender, spinose teeth,
these ascending, the spines to 7 mm long; bractlets
linear-falcate, acuminate, 11-14 mm long, 1.5-2
mm wide, puberulent and pilose, carinate, 1-
nerved; calyx segments thin, almost transparent,
puberulent, striate-nerved, the posterior segment
oblong, obtuse, 13 mm long, 3 mm wide at base,
4.5 mm wide about two-thirds the distance from
base, the anterior pair lanceolate, slightly oblique,
acuminate, 14 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral
pair linear-lanceolate, 8 mm long, 1 mm wide;
corolla reddish orange (red at the summit, yellowish
below), slightly exceeding the calyx, 15 mm
long, the lips subequal, about 3.5 mm long, the
upper erect, 2-lobed, the lobes triangular, 2 mm
long, acute, the lower lip %lobed, the lobes ovate,
obtuse; stamens reaching the base of the corolla
lips; capsule 1 cm long.
TYPE.-H. H. Rusby 1108 (holotype NY, isotypes
K, P, US), Bolivia, Beni, Yucuma, Reis, 450
m alt, June 1886.
DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Restricted to the Bolivian Andes.
BOLIVIA. BENI: Yucuma: Rurrenabaque at the
Rio Beni (vicinity of Reyes), 10 Dec 1930, Fleischmann
313 ( S ) ; LA PAZ, Sur Yungas: Huachi, head
of the Beni River, 540 m alt, 12 Aug. 1921, White
542 (NY, holotype of A. cryptantha Rusby, isotypes
K, US). SANTA CRUZ: Sara: Buenavista, 27 Jun
NUMBER 18 27
1925, J. Steinbach 7157 (S); Angostura, 550 m alt,
16 Ju1 1966, R. Steinbach 338 (US); May 1892,
0. Kuntze s.n. (NY).
Aphelandra rusbyi is distinguished by its spiny
bracts and papery calyx segments the lateral pair
of which are comparatively small. With the availability
of additional material, the differences noted
by Rusby between A. rusbyi and A. cryptantha
can no longer be substantiated.
16. Aphelandra rubra Wasshausen
Aphelandra rubra Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:494. 1973.
Suffrutescent herb; stems terete, the upper portion
moderately strigose, the hairs appressed; leaf
blades elliptic to oblong, 27-36 cm long and 7-7.5
cm wide, short-acuminate, narrowed from middle
or slightly below middle to a long-attenuate base,
serrate, the veins terminating above middle in
about 4 pairs of teeth, these ascending, about 5
mm long and 15 mm broad, the attenuate portion
of the leaf blades armed with 3-4 spine-tipped
teeth, the upper surface sparingly strigose, the
lower surface more densely so, the hairs subappressed,
those of the costa and lateral veins (about
19 pairs) appressed, the venation rather prominent,
more so beneath than above; petioles 1.5-3 cm
long, strigose, the hairs upwardly appressed; interpetiolar
bracts small, leaf-like, triangular, about 7
mm long, densely strigulose, spine-tipped, the spine
about 1 mm long; flowers borne in 1 or several,
terminal, peduncled spikes, 15-24 cm long, 2-3 cm
wide, moderately dense, the peduncle 2-3 cm long,
strigulose, the rachis puberulous, the hairs whitish:
bracts red, greenish at tip, ovate, 20 mm long and
15 mm wide including the spines, acuminate, subchartaceous,
striate-nerved, glabrous, the margins
spinose-toothed, the teeth (1 1-13 pairs) produced
by the continuation of the lateral veins, successively
larger and more spinose toward apex, the spines
ascending, 2 mm long; bractlets subulate, red, 15
mm long, 2 mm wide, long-acuminate, glabrous,
the margins sparingly ciliolate; calyx segments subequal,
triangular, 10-17 mm long, the posterior
segment 16-17 mm long, 5 mm wide at base, the
anterior pair 16 mm long, 3 mm wide, the lateral
pair 10 mm long, 2 mm wide, carinate, all striatenerved,
subhyaline, the margins entire; corollas
wanting; capsule oblong, 12.5 mm long, 4 mm
broad, shining, light brown, muriform; seeds drying
light brown, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, densely
hirsute and glandular-punctate.
TYPE.-B. A. Krukofl 10146 (holotype US, isotype
NY), Bolivia, La Paz, S. Yungas, basin of Ro
Bopi, San Bartolome (near Calisaya), 750-900 m
alt, 1-22 Ju1 1939.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Andean Peru and Bolivia, at elevations
between 450-750 meters. PERU. LIMA:
Valley below Chaclla, 750 m alt, May 1866, Pearce
s.n. (K). BOLIVIA. BENI: Near Maia, 36 km W of
Rurrenabaque, 450 m alt, Apr 1947, Cutler 9071
(F). LA PAZ: San Buenaventura 450 m alt, 19 Nov
1901, Williams 646 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY.
“Peru,” 1820, Haenka s.n. (M, F photo 20495).
The locality here is possibly erroneous; Haenke
could have collected this specimen in Bolivia and
not Peru.
Aphelandra rubra is perhaps nearest in relationship
to A. rusbyi, but differs markedly in that its
bracts are glabrous, acuminate, and the margins
bearing on each side 11-13 slender, spinose teeth.
17. Aphelandra dasyantha Wasshausen
Aphelandra dasyantha Wasshausen, Phytologia 25~474. 1973.
Shrub 1-3 m high; stems terete, sparingly strigose;
leaf blades oblong to ovate, 27-32 cm long,
12-14 cm wide, short-acuminate, gradually narrowed
and attenuate at base, thin, submembranaceous,
the upper surface dark green, strigose, the
lower surface paler green, densely strigillose, the
margins serrate-dentate, the teeth to 2 cm long,
tipped by a spine 1 mm long, ciliate, the costa and
lateral veins (9-10 pairs) prominent, especially on
the lower surface, the veinlets reticulate toward
margins; petioles (unwinged portion) about 2 cm
long, densely pilose; interpetiolar bracts ovate or
suborbicular, 1 cm long, 6 mm wide, serratedentate,
the teeth terminating in spines, the terminal
one as much as 6 mm long; flowers borne in
terminal and subterminal spikes 8-15 cm long and
about 2.5 cm broad, the peduncles (about 3 cm
long) and rachis densely pilose, the hairs yellowish
brown; bracts green, lance-ovate, 22 mm long, 8
mm wide (without spines), acute, terminating in
a spine about 2 mm long, strigose, the margins
serrate-dentate with 3 pairs of teeth, these ascending,
2 mm long, spine-tipped, the spines 3 mm
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
long, ciliolate; bractlets lanceolate, 13 mm long,
3 mm wide, acuminate and spine-tipped, subcarinate,
striate-nerved, sparingly pilose, the margins
entire, ciliate; calyx segments lance-ovate, 6-7 mm
long, 3.5-4 mm wide, short-acuminate and spinetipped,
the nerves callose below, striate-nerved,
reticulate toward margins, puberulous, the margins
ciliate; corolla red, 5-5.6 cm long, densely strigose,
the hairs yellowish, the tube 4 mm broad at base,
narrowed to 3 mm at 9 mm above base, thence
gradually enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper
lip oblong, erect, 11 mm long, 5 mm wide, bilobed,
the lobes ovate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, retuse,
the lower lip 10 mm long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe
ovate, concave, 6 mm long and 5 mm wide, obtuse,
the lateral lobes oblong, 7 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,
obtuse; stamens reaching the tip of the upper lip;
anthers 6 mm long, 1 mm wide; capsule oblong,
15 mm long, 7 mm wide, nitid, glabrous; seeds
triangular-ovate, 5 mm long, 3.5 mm broad, dark
brown, muricate.
TwE.-VVidaZ Senege s.n. (holotype P), Ecuador
and Peru, 1876-1877.
DIsmmuTIoN.-Southern Ecuador and northern
Peru. PERU. AMAZONAS: Bagua Chica, 25 Jan
1877, Vidal-Senegee 4811 (P); San Carlos, 7 Feb
1877, Vidal-Senegee 4833 (P); Guayabamba, 1877,
VidaLSe'ekge s.n. (P).
Aphelandra dasyantha is not nearly allied to
the other species.
18. Aphelandra juninensis Wasshausen
FIGURE 37
Aphelandra juninensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:471. 1973.
Shrub; stems quadrangular, sparingly tomentose;
leaf blades opposite or occasionally ternate,
oblong-lanceolate, 21-24 cm long and 5.5-6.5 cm
wide, gradually narrowed to a slender acuminate
tip, cuneate at base, thick, firm, coriaceous, irregularly
serrate-dentate, the teeth broadly triangular,
armed with slender spines to 2 mm long, both surfaces
glabrous except the costa and lateral nerves,
these sometimes sparingly tomentose, the smaller
veins forming a rather conspicuous reticulation;
petioles about 1 cm long, sparingly tomentose;
interpetiolar bracts minute, armed with one or
more straight, slender spines; spikes one to several,
terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves, short,
3-5.5 cm long, slender-peduncled, the peduncles
1.5-5.5 cm long, these and the rachis tomentose;
bracts green, oblong-ovate, 12-15 mm long, about
5 mm wide, rather abruptly acuminate, armed with
about 6 slender spines on each side to 3.5 mm long
and terminating in a similar spine, glabrous or the
costa, base, and margins pilose; bractlets triangularovate,
10 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, gradually
narrowed to a slender point tipped by a spine about
3 mm long, pilose without, glabrous within, one
margin entire, the other bearing a pair of spines,
one 0.5 mm long, the other 1 mm long, ciliate;
calyx segments lanceolate, subequal, 10-1 1 mm
long, 2-3 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, spinetipped,
glandular-ciliate; corolla puberulent, 3-3.5
cm long, the tube 3 mm broad at base; narrowed
to 2 mm at 7 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged
to 8 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect,
recurved at tip, elliptic, 7 mm long and 5 mm wide,
bilobed, the lobes obovate, 2 mm long and 2.5 mm
wide, mucronulate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
obovate, subequal, erect, the middle lobe 3 mm
long and 6.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes 4 mm long
and wide, all obtuse; stamens barely exserted beyond
the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 5 mm
long, 1 mm wide, acute at both ends; capsule not
seen.
TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 6537 (holotype F, isotype
GH), Peru, Junin, Huancayo, valley of Pariahuanca,
between Panti and Rocchac, 2400 m alt,
Mar 1913.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra juninensis is closely allied with A.
macrosiphon, from Bolivia. It has, however, relatively
narrower leaf blades than the Bolivian species,
oblong-ovate bracts rather than lanceolate,
and triangular, slenderly acuminate bractlets rather
than lanceolate ones as pictured on the type sheet
of A. macrosiphon, by Lindau.
19. Aphelandra superba Lindau
Aphelandra superba Lindau, Ann. K. K. Naturh. Hofmus.
Wien 16:71. 1901.
Shrubby, to 2 m high; the young branches pubescent,
becoming glabrous, bearing a pair of small
1- or 2-spined bracts opposite the base of the
petioles; leaf blades oblong to oblong-ovate, acute
NUMBER 18 29
to acuminate at apex, narrowed at base, 21 cm
long, 9 cm wide, thick coriaceous, the margins
irregularly spinose-serrate (the spines to 2 mm
long), both surfaces velutinous-pubescent, the hairs
of the upper surface straight, about 0.5 mm long,
those of the lower longer, softer and webby, the
costa and lateral veins (17 or 18 on each side)
prominent, the small veins more or less reticulate;
petiole about 0.5 cm long, thick tomentose beneath,
short-pilose above; inflorescence a dense panicle of
short spikes, the bracts closely imbricate, the rachis
tomentose; bracts ovate, 15 mm long, 7-8 mm wide
(without teeth), velutinous-pubescent, green, the
nerves projecting into 6 or 7 slender spinose teeth
to 3 mm long, the tip acuminate; bractlets lanceolate,
11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide just above base,
slenderly acuminate and tipped by a spine 0.5 mm
long; calyx segments lanceolate 10-11 mm long,
2-3 mm wide, slenderly acuminate and tipped by a
minute spine, striate-nerved, glabrous below,
sericeous-pubescent above, the margins more or
less scarious; corolla minutely pubescent, to 4 cm
long, salmon color, the tube about 4 mm wide at
base, constricted to 2.5 mm about 5 mm above
base, thence gradually enlarged to about 8 mm at
mouth, the upper lip about 1 cm long, divided
into 2 obtuse lobes about 3 mm long, the lower
lip 3-lobed, the lobes about 4 mm in diameter;
filaments about 3.5 cm long; anthers 4.5 mm long;
pollen grains typical, 77p-88p long, 27p-3Oy diameter;
ovary 4 mm high, glabrous; style ca 5 cm
long, glabrous; mature capsule not seen.
Tym-Lobb s.n. (holotype, W; isotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8678), “Peru.” This is probably
one of the specimens collected by Lobb in Ecuador
and erroneously ascribed to Peru (Killip, 1932).
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-southern Ecuador. ECUADOR.
LOJA: Between La Toma and Loja, 1800-2600 m
alt, 4 Sep 1923, Hitchcock 21391 (US).
Aphelandra superba superficially resembles A.
acanthifolia. It differs strikingly, however, in its
larger, thicker, tomentose leaf blades and strongly
spinose-dentate bracts. The description was compiled
from the holotype at Vienna.
20. Aphelundra benoistii Wasshausen
Aphelandra benoistii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:489. 1973.
Shrub; stems terete, minutely and inconspicuously
tomentose; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 5.5-
9.5 cm long and 3-4 cm wide, gradually narrowed
to a slender acuminate tip, cuneate at base, thick,
subcoriaceous, serrate, the teeth rather closely set,
2-3 mm long, each terminating in sharp, straight,
yellowish spines 1-2 mm long, the upper surface
nitid, sparingly tomentose, the lower surface glabrous
or the costa and lateral veins (12-13 pairs)
sparingly tomentose, the costa and veins prominent,
the veinlets reticulately anastomosing; petioles 1
cm long, densely tomentose; interpetiolar bracts
small, triangular, 2-3 mm long, subtomentose, the
veins excurrent, ending in 1-5 straight sharp yellowish
spines to 5 mm long, the middle one longer
than the others; spikes one to several, terminal and
in the axils of the upper leaves, sessile, short, 5-6
cm long, 1.5 cm wide, the rachis tomentose; bracts
green, rhombate, 18 mm long, 11 mm wide, acuminate
and spine-tipped, the margins ending in a
pair of distinctively yellow spines, tomentose especially
near the base, 3-nerved, rather conspicuously
reticulate near tip; bractlets lanceolate, 12 mm
long, 3 mm wide, subfalcate, carinate, gradually
narrowed to a slender point tipped by a spine 1.5
mm long, pilose without, especially near the margins,
striate-nerved; calyx segments oblong, subequal,
9 mm long, acuminate and cuspidate, pilose,
ciliate, striate-nerved, the posterior segment 3 mm
wide, the anterior pair 2.5 mm wide, the lateral
pair 2 mm wide; corolla orange, moderately pilose,
3-3.5 cm long, the tube 2 mm broad at base, gradually
enlarged to 6 mm at mouth, the upper lip
erect, elliptic, 8 mm long and 4 mm wide, bilobed,
the lobes elliptic, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse,
the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes oblong, subequal,
erect, the middle lobe 4 mm Iong and 2.5 mm wide,
the lateral lobes 4 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, all
obtuse; stamens barely extending beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube; anthers 5 mm long, 1 mm wide,
acute at both ends; capsules not seen,
TYPE.--R. Benoist 3986 (holotype P), Ecuador,
Pinchincha, Mojanda, 3 Mar 1931.
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelundra benoistii is perhaps nearest in relationship
to A. grangeri, but differs markedly in its
much longer and broader, rhombate, tomentose,
and spiny-margined bracts.
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
21. Aphelundra cirsioides Lindau
Aphelandra cirsioides Lindau, Fedde Repert. Nov. Sp. 1 : 157.
1905.
Shrub 2 m high; bark light gray, bearing numerous
fissured lenticels, the smaller twigs more or
less pilose; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, to 13 cm
long and 3 cm wide, but usually somewhat smaller
at base, acute and mucronate at apex, firm, thick,
the margins sinuate-dentate, the nerves ending with
the formation of sharp spines 2-4 mm long, the
upper surface shining, sparingly pilose, the hairs
confined chiefly to the costa and nerves, the lower
surface glabrous except the sparingly pilose, prominent
costa and veins; petioles to 1 cm long, pilose,
the hairs 1 mm long or less, each petiole flanked
at base by a pair of interpetiolar bracts, these
ovate 3 mm long or less, the nerves terminating in
1-5 sharp spines to 4 mm long, these more or less
retrorse; lower flowers solitary, axillary, the upper
forming spikes at the tips of the branches, the
rachis rather densely pilose; lower bracts leaflike,
the upper green, ovate to obovate, 10-15 mm long,
5 mm wide, the margin spinose-dentate, with 3-5
pairs of spines, usually strongly pilose; bractlets
lanceolate, 9-11 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad near
base, gradually narrowed to a spinose tip, the
middle nerve prominent, the margins ciliate, often
bearing one or two spines; calyx segments oblongovate,
8-10 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, acuminate,
spine-tipped, striate-nerved, ciliolate; corolla 3-4.5
cm long, orange or yellowish red, the throat yellow,
finely pubescent, the tube suberect, more or less
curved, 2-3 mm in diameter at base, gradually enlarged
to 10 mm at mouth, the upper lip oblong,
2-3 mm wide at base, 3.5-4 mm wide at tip, 2-
lobed or emarginate at apex, the lobes as much as
3 mm in diameter] the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
rounded, about 5 mm long and 4 mm wide; filaments
27 mm long, sparingly pilose; style about 43
mm long, exserted; anthers exserted, 5 mm long,
dorsally pilose and united; pollen grains typical,
77p-88p long, 27p-35p diameter; capsule cylindric,
about 15 mm long, 6 mm in diameter, glabrous,
obtusely pointed at apex; seeds wanting.
TYPE.-A. Webel-bauer 3901 (holotype B, destroyed),
Peru, Cajamarca, Hualgayoc, above San
Miquel, 2600-2700 m alt, 3 May 1904.
DIsmIBUTIoN.-Along the Andes from southern
Ecuador to central Peru. ECUADOR. LOJA: Between
La Toma and Loja, 1800-2600 rn alt, 4 Sep
1923, Hitchcock 21423 (US). PERU. PIURA: Huancabamba:
N of Huancabamba, Jicate, 2700-2800
m alt, May 1912, Weberbauer 6328 (US, GH, F
photo 8661). HUANUCO: Cani, pueblo 7 m NE of
Mito, 2500 m alt, 16-26 Apr 1923, Macbride 3448
e.p. (F, N, US). J U N I N : La Merced, 600 m alt,
10-24 Aug 1923, Macbride 3448 e.p. (F, US).
Aphelandra cirsioides is readily distinguished
from A. formosa in that the latter has densely tomentose
leaf blades and stems. Also, A. hieronymi
is clearly distinguished from A. cirsioides because
the former has short, unbranched spikes.
22. Aphelundra formosa (Humboldt
& Bonpland) Nees
FIC~JRES 2, 33
Aphelandra formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees in de
Candolle, Prodr. 11:301. 1847.
Ruellia formosa Humboldt & Bonpland, P1. Aequin. 1:167.
pl. 48. 1813 [non Andrews, 18101.
Hygrophikz formosa [Humboldt & Bonpland] Sprengel, Syst.
Veg. 2:828. 1825.
Aphelandra formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees var.
polystachya Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:302. 1847.
Aphelandra carduifolia Hooker, Ic. P1. 8. pl. 718. 1848.
Shrub or small tree to 3 m high, much branched;
the tips of the leaf bearing twigs densely brown
velvety pilose, the hairs about 1.5 mm long, and
bearing under petioles a pair of small bracts, armed
with one to several straight slender spreading spines
(those of the flowering twigs to 4 mm long); leaf
blades opposite or occasionally alternate, oblong, to
12 cm long and 3.5 cm wide, acute, cuneate or obtusish
at base, coriaceous, spinose-dentate, the teeth
in pairs, the spines to 2 mm long, the upper surface
shining, bright green, sparingly to rather
densely pilose, the hairs densest on the costa and
veins, the lower surface paler, and more densely
pilose with brownish hairs; petioles to 5 mm long,
densely covered with brown-velvety hairs, as are
the young stems; the lower flowers axillary (in the
axils of the upper leaves) the upper forming a terminal
spike; bracts similar to the leaf blades but
much smaller, the uppermost triangular-ovate, 5-
10 mm long, about 4 mm wide, spine-tipped and
bearing one to several spines on the margins; bractlets
lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, 2-4 mm above the
base, acuminate, tipped by a small spine, entire or
NUMBER 18 31
bearing a small spine on each margin, striatenerved,
pilosulous and ciliate; calyx segments subequal,
lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, 2 4 mm wide,
acuminate, spine-tipped, glabrous below, pilosulous
and ciliate above; corolla about 3 cm long,
bright red, finely pubescent, the tube cylindric,
slightly curved, 2 mm in diameter at base, enlarging
at about 5 mm above base, first abruptly, then
gradually to 8 mm in diameter at mouth, the
upper lip erect, 6-7 mm long, 3 mm wide, emarginate,
the lobes about 2.5 mm long, rounded, the
lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes orbicular, about 5 mm
in diameter, erect or slightly spreading; stamens
about as long as the corolla, the interior pair
slightly shorter than the outer pair; anthers 5.5
mm long; style equalling the stamens in length;
capsule ovate, flattened, acute.
TwE.-Bonpland s.n. (syntype P, F photo
39427), Peru, Piura, in cool mountains, paramo do
Guamani.
DISTRIBuTIoN.-At elevations above 2000 meters
in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. ECUADOR. IMBABURA:
Mojanda, on road Otavalo Minas, at the
cross road to Cerro Blanco, 3200 m alt, 3 Jun 1967,
Sparre 16843 (S). BOLIVAR: Around Chapacoto,
near Guaranda, 2600-2800 m alt, Lehmann 7848
(K); San Jose, western slope of Chimborazo, 2700
m alt, Ju1 1876, Andre 3198 (K); Guaranda, 2600 m
alt, 13 Aug 1939, AspZund 8222 (S, US); near Guaranda,
valley of Rio Chimbo, 2800 m alt, Dec,
Rimbach 630 (NA, S). AZUAY: Sevilla de Oro, river
slope, 2500 m alt, 26 Jun 1947, Hurling 1180 (S);
around Huarainac on the Rio Paute, east Andes of
Cuenca, 2300-2800 m alt, Lehmann 6546 (K, US).
WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Andes of Quito, 1846-69,
Jameson 166 (K, holotype, W, US, isotypes of A.
carduifolia Hooker). PERU. CA JAMARCA: Cutervo:
4 km E of Huambos on Cutervo trail, 2800 m alt,
17 Dec 1938, Stork 6. Horton 10196 (F, UC); San
Pablo: ca 1 km above NE town, 2630 m alt, 13 May
1964, Hutchison 6. Wright 5039 (UC, US); Contumaza:
El Puquio, 2900 m alt, 21 Jun 1962, Segastegui
3907 (US), San Miguel, 2100-2400 m alt,
Hall s.n. (K, holotype of A. fmmosa Humboldt &
Bonpland var. polystachya Nees ) . HUANUCO: Huassahuassi,
Ruiz 6 Pavon s.n.; Dombey s.n. (G, P).
Summit of Pisagua, 2400 m alt, Hall s.n. (K).
BOLIVIA. Eastern Andes, Pearce 368 (K). WITHOUT
EXACT LOCALITY. Equateur et Perou, 1872,
Grisar s.n. (P); Peru, Lobb s.n. (K, W).
23. Aphelandra mutisii Leonard
FIGURE 20
Aphelandra nutisii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 136.
Shrubby plants to 4 m high; stems densely and
softly pilose or subtomentose, the hairs yellowish,
to 1 mm long, spreading or retrorse; leaf blades
oblong to oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, to 9
cm long and 4 cm wide, acute to acuminate, narrowed
at base, thick, subcoriaceous, serrate, the
teeth rather closely set, 2-3 mm long, each terminated
by sharp, straight spines 2-3 mm long, the
upper surface nitid, rather sparingly pilose, the
costa densely so, the hairs to 1 mm long, yellowish,
the costa, lateral veins (about 20 pairs) and
veinlets shallowly impressed, the veinlets reticulately
anastomosing, the lower surface densely and
softly tawny pilose or subtomentose, the costa and
veins prominent, the reticulation obscured by the
dense pubescence; petioles to 5 mm long, the
pubescence similar to that of the stems; interpetiolar
bracts small triangular, to 4 mm long, sparingly
pilose, the veins excurrent, ending in 1-5
straight sharp yellowish spines to 6 mm long, the
middle one longer than the others; flowers borne
in terminal or, with maturity both terminal and
lateral spikes, these dense, to 7 cm long and 3 cm
broad, the lowermost bracts intergrading into stem
leaves, the rachis densely tawny pilose; bracts narrowly
oblong, 15-20 mm long, about 6 mm wide,
otherwise resembling the leaf blades; bractlets narrowly
lanceolate, to 8 mm long and 3 mm wide
near the base, ending in a spine about 3 mm long
and bearing 1 or 2 shorter spines on the margins,
rather densely pilosulous and ciliate except at the
base, the hairs yellowish, the nerves prominent;
calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, about 1 cm long,
2-3 mm wide, tipped by a weak spine, puberulous
toward tip, glabrous below, ciliate, some of the
marginal hairs glandular; corolla about 3 cm long,
7 mm broad at mouth, bright orange-red to red,
sparingly and minutely pubescent, the upper lip
erect, arched, about 9 mm long and 4 mm wide,
2-lobed, the lobes oval, about 2.5 mm long and 1.5
mm wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed nearly
to the base, the lobes subequal, about 5 mm long,
rounded; capsule 15 mm long, 6 mm broad, 4 or 5
mm thick, blunt at tip, glabrous, nitid, minutely
punctate.
1953.
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
TYPE.--J. C. Mutis 1943 (holotype US), Colombia,
1760-1808.
DrsmIsuTIoN.-Southern Colombia and Ecuador.
COLOMBIA. N A R I N O ~ O : Near Pasto, 2500 m alt, 1851-
1857, Triana s.n. (K, P, NY, US, W); Pasto, 2137
m alt, Karsten s.n. (W); Pasto, 2000 m alt, Engels
s.n. (LE); near Tuquerres, 3000 m alt, 16 May
1876, Andree 3198 (K). ECUADOR. PICHINCHA: Near
Tigua, Sodiro 122/10 (P); TUNGURAHUA: Pangor,
Oct 1858, Spruce 5573 ( K , W ) . BOLIVAR: Vinchoa,
2800 m alt, 29 Sep 1943, Acosta 5939 (F); San
Simdn, near Guaranda, 2700 m alt, 18 Nov 1943,
Acosta 6811 (F); Atio de Telimbela, 2800 m alt,
24 Jan 1944, Acosta 7162 (F). CAARNARARAR: N. rim of the
valley of the Rio de Canar, between Tambo and
Suscal, 2000-3000 m alt, 23 Apr 1945, Camp E-2751
(NY, US).
24. Aphelandra luyensis Lindau
Aphelandra luyensis Lindau, Notizbl. 8:245. 1921.
Shrub to 4 m high; stems sparingly pilose, later
glabrous, the hairs 0.5-1.5 mm long, yellowish
brown, more or less appressed; leaf blades ellipticovate,
acuminate at both ends, to 20 cm long and
9 cm wide, both surfaces densely pubescent with
yellowish spreading hairs, to 1 mm long, the lower
surface velvety, the margins finely serrate, the teeth
tipped by rigid spines 1-1.5 mm long; petioles 1-2
cm long, sparingly pilose, the hairs spreading
above, more or less appressed beneath; inflorescence
a terminal spike and several axillary similar
spikes in the axils of the upper leaves, to 8 cm
long, about 2 cm in diameter, closely imbricate,
both rachis and peduncle 1-2 cm long, rather
densely pilose with yellowish hairs; bracts triangularovate,
12-13 mm long, 5-6 mm wide near base,
slenderly acuminate, terminating in a small spine,
entire or bearing one or two minute teeth near
the tip, glabrous toward base within, otherwise
pilose with yellowish, appressed or spreading hairs;
bractlets triangular-ovate, 8-10 mm long, 3-4 mm
wide near base, abruptly and slenderly acuminate,
spine-tipped, rounded, somewhat carinate, sparingly
pilose, striate-nerved toward base; calyx segments
oblong-ovate, spine-tipped, minutely and rather
sparingly puberulent, striate-nerved, the nerves
callous below, the margins scarious-ciliolate, the
posterior 9-11 mm long, 4 mm wide, abruptly
acuminate, the anterior and lateral pairs 9 mm
long, 3-4 mm wide, acute; corolla scarlet with a
yellow tube, sparingly pilose without, glabrous
within, the tube about 40 mm long, 5 mm wide at
base, 9 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip 18 mm
long, 2-dentate, the lobes 6 mm long, 4 mm wide,
the lower lip 9 mm long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe
concave, about 7 mm long and broad, the lateral
lobes about 4 mm long and broad; stamens about
equaling the corolla in length; filaments about 40
mm long, the lower portions pubescent; anthers
about 6 mm long; pollen grains typical, 92p long,
34p-38p wide; ovary 4 mm long, glabrous; style
about 50 mm long, glabrous; capsule ovate, but
slightly stipitate, 1 mm long, 5 mm wide; seeds
about 3 mm in diameter, the margins puberulent.
TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 7163 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8672, isotype GH), Peru, Amazonas,
Luya, above Congo, on the banks of Rio de
Vilaya (a tributary of the Rio Maraiion), 2800-
2900 m alt, 2 Ju1 1915.
DIsmIBuTIoN.-~outhern Ecuador and northern
Peru, at elevations between 1500-2900 meters.
ECUADOR. SANTIAGO-ZAMORA: Huamboya, between
La Esperanza and Santa Ana, 1500-2000 m alt, 15
Feb 1944, Acosta 7425 (F).
As suggested by Lindau in his observations on
the type, this species can be compared with A.
superba. The undersurfaces of the leaves of that
species, however, are tomentose rather than pilose
and the bracts are strongly pectinate instead of
entire or nearly so. This description was compiled
in part from the isotype deposited in the Gray
Herbarium.
25. Aphelandra wurdackii Wasshausen
FIGURE 30
Aphelandra wurdackii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:472. 1973.
Shrub 1-2.5 m high; stems terete, glabrous or
minutely and inconspicuously puberulous; leaf
blades elliptic to oblong, 8-11 cm long and to 4
cm wide, short-acuminate, the tip a short spine,
cuneate at base, submembranaceous, serrate, the
teeth rather closely set, 1-2 mm long, each terminating
in sharp, straight, yellowish spines 1-2
mm long, the upper surface nitid, glabrous, the
lower surface glabrous or the costa and lateral
NUMBER 18
veins (8-1 3 pairs) sparingly and inconspicuously
strigillose, the costa and veins prominent beneath,
more so than above; petioles to 5 mm long, sparingly
strigillose; flowers borne in 5-6 spikes, these
subsessile, terminal and in the axils of the upper
leaves, 6-8 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, the peduncle
about 1 cm long, both it and the rachis strigillose;
bracts small, green, barely imbricate, entire, lanceolate,
6-7 mm long, 2 mm wide, acuminate and
spine-tipped, glabrous, subcoriaceous, ciliolate;
bractlets lanceolate, 6 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, subfalcate,
gradually narrowed to a slender point
tipped by a spine 0.5 mm long, glabrous, striatenerved,
ciliate; calyx segments lanceolate, subequal,
7 mm long, acuminate and spine-tipped, glabrous,
ciliate, striate-nerved, the posterior segment 2.5 mm
wide, the anterior pair 2 mm wide, the lateral pair
1.5 mm wide; corolla pink, puberulous, 44.5 cm
long, the tube 4 mm broad at base, narrowed to
2 mm at 7 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged
to 6 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect,
oblong, 9 mm long and 4 mm wide, bilobed, the
lobes elliptic, 5 mm long, 2.5 wide, retuse, the
lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, subequal, spreading,
the middle lobe 4 mm long and wide, the lateral
lobes 4 mm long and 3 mm wide, all obtuse;
stamens almost reaching the tip of the upper lip;
anthers 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, acute and arachnoid;
capsule oblong, 11 mm long, 6 mm broad,
nitid, glabrous, minutely pitted; seeds dark brown,
rugose, 3 mm in diameter.
TYPE.-.J. Wurduck 1487 (holotype US, isotypes
K, P), Peru, Amazonas, Chachapoyas, 1-2 km W of
Molinopampa, along Rio Ventilla, 2350-2400 m
alt, 23-25 Ju1 1962.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-1ocalit.y. PERU. AMAZONAS: E of Leimebamba,
3000 m alt, 20 Aug 1943, Evinger 496 (US).
Distantly related to Aphelandra tillettii Wasshausen,
of Peru, A. wurdackii differs in having
smaller and narrower leaf blades, shorter spikes,
lanceolate bracts, and puberulous corolla.
26. Aphelandra weberbaueri Mildbraed
FIGURE 43
APhelundrn weberbaueri Mildbraed, Notizbl. 11:67. 1930,
Shrub to 3 m high; branches glabrous or sparingly
tomentose; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to
oblong-ovate, 20-25 cm long and 8.5 cm wide,
acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, the margins
serrate-dentate, the teeth distant, 2-3 cm apart,
tipped by spines 2 4 mm long, these formed by
the production of the lateral nerves, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and nerves (8-12 on each
side of the costa) sparingly and minutely tomentose,
the costa broad, the lateral nerves rather
obscure; petioles 3-5 cm long, sparingly tomentose;
inflorescence a terminal spike to 35 cm long,
1 cm in diameter, lax, the distant bracts scarcely
imbricate, the rachis sparingly tomentose, the peduncle
about 3 cm long; bracts triangular-ovate,
5-7 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, acuminate, entire,
glabrous within, webby-villous without, striatenerved;
bractlets 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, otherwise
similar to the bracts; calyx segments ovate to
broadly oblong, 4-6 mm long, 2.54 mm wide,
broadly truncate at base, rounded or truncate and
mucronulate at apex, the, margin densely whitevillous;
corolla purplish red, glabrous without, puberulent
within, the tube about 3 cm long, 5 mm
wide at base, narrowed to 3 mm at 5 mm above
base then enlarged to 6 mm, curved, somewhat
ventricose, the mouth strongly oblique, the upper
lip 18-22 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, gradually
narrowed to 2.5 mm near base, the tip bilobed,
the lobes about 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, obtuse
or rounded, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes semioval,
6 mm long, 5 inm wide at base, rounded
at apex, the margins reflexed, villous-ciliate; stamens
about equaling the upper lip, one pair about
5 mm longer than the other; anthers 4 mm long,
apically obtuse, bearing tufts of long weak hairs;
pollen grains obtuse, somewhat pyriform, 51p X
135~; ovary and style glabrous; capsules not seen.
TYPE.--A. Weberbauer 6657 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8719, isotype GH), Peru, Junin,
Juaja, at Hacienda La Libertad on the banks of
the Rio Masamerich (known today as Rio Portachuelo),
800-1000 m alt, May 1913. The corolla
was scarlet, the lobes of the lower lip yellow with
a red middle stripe.
DIs~rBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra weberbaueri is characterized by a
slender lax spike, small bracts, and the broad mucronulate
calyx segments. This description was
compiled from the isotype deposited in the Gray
Herbarium.
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
27. Aphelandra mucronata (Ruiz & Pavon) Nees
FRONTISPIECE
Aphelandra mucronada (Ruiz & Pavon) Nees in de Candolle,
/usticia mucronata Ruiz & Pavon, F1. Peruv. & Chil. Prodr.
Prodr. 11:301. 1847.
1:8. pl. 10. 1798.
Erect, branched shrub to 2 m high; branches
terete, glabrous or sparingly hirsute; leaf blades
oblong-obovate, 25-30 cm long and 11 cm wide,
mucronate, cuneate at base, shining above, the
margins spinose-dentate, the teeth incurved, distant,
2.5-4 cm apart, tipped by spines 2-4 mm
long, these formed by the outgrowth of the lateral
nerves, both surfaces glabrous or the costa and
nerves (8-12 on each side of the costa) sparingly
and minutely tomentose, the costa broad, the lateral
nerves rather obscure; petioles 2-3 cm long,
sparingly tomentose; inflorescence a terminal spike
to 30 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, lax, the
flowers opposite or in threes, distant, the rachis
sparingly tomentose, the peduncle about 10 cm
long; bracts green, ovate, 15 mm long, 5 mm wide,
entire, acute, glabrous within, glabrous to sparingly
hirsute without, striate-nerved; bractlets 1.3
cm long, 4.5 mm wide, the margins obsoletely denticulate,
otherwise similar to the bracts; calyx segments
oblong, 13-15 mm long, 5 mm wide, broadly
truncate at base, acuminate with indurate apex,
membranaceous, the margins denticulate and sparingly
pilose; corolla red, apically yellow, glabrous
both within and without, the tube about 3.5 cm
long, 6 mm wide at base, narrowed to 4 mm at 5
mm above base then enlarged to 10 mm, curved,
somewhat ventricose, the mouth strongly oblique,
the upper lip 18 mm long, 4 mm wide, gradually
enlarged to 5 mm near base, the tip bilobed, the
lobes about 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse or
rounded, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes semi-oval,
6 mm long, 5 mm wide at base, rounded at apex,
the margins villous-ciliate; stamens about equaling
the upper lip, one pair about 5 mm longer than
the other; anthers 5 mm long, apically obtuse,
bearing tufts of long weak hair; pollen grains
obtuse, 66y X 30y; ovary and style glabrous; capsule
oblong-obovate, three times as long as the
calyx.
TypE.-Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (holotype MA, isotypes
F, G), Peru, Huanuco, Huanuco, in woods at
Pati near Chinchao.
DIsTRIBUTION.-HuPauco, Peru at altitudes between
600-800 meters. PERU. HUANUCO: Tingo
Maria, 600-650 m alt, 10 Ju1 1955, Ferrqrra 13134
(USM, US); 8 Ju1 1940, Asplund 12080(S); along
river, 700 m alt, 21 Oct 1938, Stork Q Horton 9468
(F, NA); Huamalies: Right side of Rio Monzon,
trail of Cueva de las Lechuzas, 700-800 m alt, 18
Ju1 1948, Ferwyra 4235 (USM, US); Leoncio Prado:
5 km from Tingo Maria, 672 m alt, 4 Ju1 1969,
Schunke 3254 (F, US).
Superficially ApheZandra mucronata strongly resembles
A. weberbaueri. The leaves and bracts
(except for size) compared to Ruiz and Pav6n’s
illustrations are practically identical. The calyx
segments of A. weberbaueri are more truncate or
rounded than those portrayed in Ruiz and Pav6n’s
drawing of A. mucronata. The spike of A. mucronata
is pictured as bearing but 13 flowers, whereas
that of Weberbauer 6657 bears from 40-50 flowers.
28. Aphelandra crispata Leonard
Aphelandra crispata Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:
151. 1953.
Suffrutescent herbs, to 1.5 m high; stems glabrous
below, the upper portions sparingly hirsute,
the hairs spreading, about 1 mm long; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic, 30-40 cm long and 14 cm wide,
acuminate, narrowed from middle or slightly above
middle to a very narrow, obliquely truncate or
subcordate base 1 cm wide, the veins terminating
in broad teeth 1-2 mm high and 2-2.5 cm apart,
the upper surface sparingly strigillose, the hairs
about 1.25 mm long, the lower surface sparingly
strigillose, the hair brownish, 0.75-1.25 mm long,
subappressed, those of the costa and veins (about
20 pairs) spreading horizontally, the venation
prominent, particularly below; petioles about 5 mm
long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute; spikes solitary,
terminal, 12-13 cm long and 5 cm broad, moderately
dense, spreading with age, the peduncle abaut
5 mm long, hirsute, subtended by a pair of lanceolate,
acuminate, leaf-like bracts about 2.5 cm long
and 8 mm wide, the rachis glabrous; bracts oblongovate,
3.5-4.5 cm long and 17.5 mm wide, slightly
obtuse at apex and minutely apiculate, livid purple
or red, coriaceous, glabrous, noticeably crisped or
twisted, closely veined, the margins subhyaline; bractlets
oblong, 14 mm long, 5.5 mm wide at middle,
NUMBER 18 35
acute, carinate and oblique at base, glabrous, the
margins entire, subhyaline; calyx segments oblonglanceolate,
the posterior segment 16 mm long and
4 mm wide, the anterior pair 16 mm long and 3.5
mm wide, the lateral pair 13 mm long and 3 mm
wide, all acute, glabrous, their margins subhyaline;
corolla (immature) canary-yellow, densely
pubescent or subtomentose. the hairs 0.5 mm long,
the upper lip shorter than the middle lobe of the
lower lip, ovate, minutely %lobed tip, the lobes
rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe
cordate, obtuse, the lateral lobes lanceolate, slightly
shorter than the middle one; ovary glabrous; capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-]. Cuatrecasas 11352 (holotype US), Colombia,
Putumayo, in wet forest of Quebrada del
Rio Afan, near Mocoa, 570-680 m alt, 27 Dec 1940.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from around typelocality.
COLOMBIA. PUTUMAYO: Mocoa and vicinity,
1800-2400 m alt, 16 Mar 1953, Schultes (1.
Cabrera 19093 (US).
Aphelandra crispata can readily be distinguished
by its oblong-elliptic leaves with their coarsely serrate
margins, bright yellow corollas, and large coriaceous,
crisped, livid purple bracts.
29. Aphelandra peruviana Wasshausen
FIGURES 26, 27
Aphelandra peruviana Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:470. 1973.
Shrub; stems quadrangular, pilose, the hairs
about 1 cm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 20-23
cm long, 6.5-10.5 cm wide, acuminate, cuneate at
base, glabrous and minutely faveolate above except
the costa which is pubescent, the costa and
lateral veins (14 or 15 pairs) strigillose, the lower
surface otherwise glabrous or very sparingly pilosulous,
the margins undulate-dentate, bordered by a
pilose veinlike ridge, the teeth curved and tipped
by a small spine about 0.5 mm long; petioles about
1 cm long, pilose; spike terminal, solitary, 6-7 cm
long, about 2 cm in diameter (excluding corollas),
the bracts rather loosely imbricate and appressed,
the rachis pilose; bracts lanceolate, subfalcate, 30
mm long, 4 mm wide at base, gradually narrowed
to a slender tip, ending in a small spine 0.5 mm
long, carinate and striate-nerved, moderately pilose,
especially toward the base, the margins repandcrenate,
ciliate; bractlets lanceolate, subfalcate, 25
mm long, 3.5 mm wide, acuminate, ending in a
small spine, striate-nerved, pilosulous dorsally, the
margins glabrous and subscarious except the tip;
calyx segments unequal, striate-nerved, the nerves
ending at base in a thickened callus, scariousmargined,
glabrous below, pilosulous near the
acuminate tip, the posterior segment narrowly
lanceolate, 21 mm long, 4 mm wide at about 4 mm
above base, the anterior pair linear, 19 mm long,
2.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 15 mm long, 2 mm
wide; corolla purple, glandular-pilose, 6-7 cm
long, the tube 4 cm long, 4 mm wide at base, narrowed
to 2 mm at 7 mm above base, thence gradually
enlarged to 9 mm at mouth, the upper lip
erect, obovate, 20 mm long, 11 mm wide, 2-lobed,
the lobes 10 mm long, 6 mm wide, oblique, slightly
acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe obovate,
20 mm long, 10 mm wide, rounded, the lateral
lobes narrowly elliptic, 15 mm long, 1.5-2 mm
wide, slightly acute, partly adnate to the upper lip,
the free portion about 10 mm long; stamens almost
reaching the tip of upper lip; anthers 4 mm long,
arcuate; ovary glabrous; style glabrous; capsule not
seen.
TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 6952 (holotype F, isotype
GH ), Peru, Cusco, Paucartambo, Cosiiipata,
700-800 m alt, May 1914.
DISTRIBuTIoN.-Around Cusco, Peru, at elevations
between 670-800 meters. PERU. cusco: Paucartambo:
Pilcopata-Keros, 780 m alt, 6 Mar 1964,
Vargas 15249 (US); Salvacion-CosnipataConipata, 670 m
alt, 8 Oct 1965, Vargas 16636 (US). WITHOUT
EXACX LOCALITY. 1839-1840, Gay s.n. (P).
Aphelandra peruviana is closely related to A .
limbatifolia but differs markedly in the leaf blades,
pubescence, and bracts. In A. Zimbatifolia the
stems are pubescent only when young, becoming
glabrous with age, the leaf blades are undulate,
the bracts ovate, 15 mm long, 6 mm wide, and
puberulent, the bractlets are 20 mm long, 4 mm
wide and also puberulent. and the calyx segments
10-16 mm long. Contrasting to these characters, the
stem of this new species is pilose, the leaf margins
are dentate, the teeth ending in small spines, the
bracts falcate, 30 mm long and 4 mm wide, pilose,
the bractlets 25 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, and
the calyx segments 15-21 mm long. The corollas
of the two species appear to be nearly identical.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
30. Aphelundra castanifolia Britton
Aphelandra castanifolia Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27:76.
1900.
Suffrutescent, to 1 m high; stems terete below,
quadrangular above, pilose, the hairs closely appressed,
0.5-1 mm long, yellowish; leaf blades
oblongobovate, 23-28 cm long and 8.5 cm wide,
narrowed into the petiole, abruptly shortacuminate
and acute at apex, both surfaces glabrous
or sparingly pilosulous, those on the costa
and lateral veins (about 16 pairs) appressed, the
margins coarsely serrate with rounded sinuses, the
veinlets coarsely reticulate, the spines 2-3 mm long;
petioles 1-2 cm long, broad and stout; spikes
single, solitary, terminal or sometimes on short
axillary branches, dense, 10-12 cm long, 1 cm wide,
the bracts rather loosely imbricate, the peduncles
1-2 cm long, these and the rachis minutely pubescent;
bracts lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm long, 3 mm wide
at base thence acuminate to a slender spine-tipped
point, entire, rigid, puberulent without, the hairs
appressed; bractlets 15-17 mm long, one or two
of the lower pairs larger and leaf-like, about 5 mm
wide at base, gradually narrowed to an obtusemucronate
tip, the costa prominent finely and
rather densely pubescent dorsally, obscurely striate,
the margins thin and coriaceous; calyx segments
oblong-lanceolate, finely striate, minutely pubescent
at tip, otherwise glabrous, the posterior 13
mm long, 3.5 mm wide at base, the anterior pair
13 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at base, the lateral pair
11 mm long, 1.5 mm wide at middle, slightly narrower
at base, all acuminate or acute and tipped
by a weak spine; corolla 5.4 cm long, red, finely
pubescent, the lips about 1.5 cm long, the upper
lip 2-lobed, the lobes 6 mm long, slightly acute,
the middle lobe of the lower lip about 15 mm long
and 8 mm wide, obovate, the lateral lobes oblong,
8 mm long and 2-3 mm wide, acutish; stamens
equaling the upper lip; anthers 5 mm long: mature
capsule not seen.
TYPE.-H. H. Rusby 1098 (holotype NY, isotype
US), Bolivia, Yungas, 1200 m alt, 1885.
DIsTRIsUTION.-Bolivian Andes in the Department
of La Paz. BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: Larecaja: Mapiri,
750 m alt, May 1886, Rusby 1112 (NY, US);
Mapiri Region: San Carlos, 850 m, 12 Mar 1927,
Buchtien 1363 (NY, US).
Aphelandra castanifolia is readily distinguished
by the nearly glabrous leaves and narrow scariousmargined
bracts. Buchtien 1363 disagrees slightly
with the type in having somewhat smaller bracts,
bractlets and calyces, and a single terminal spike.
31. Aphelundra viscosa Mildbraed
Aphelandra viscosa Mildbraed. Notizbl. 11:66. 1930.
Shrubby; branches terete, glabrous; leaf blades
glabrous, membranaceous, the upper oblongobovate,
acute or somewhat acuminate at apex,
the base sessile, round or subcordate, somewhat
amplectent, 10-15 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, the margins
repand-dentate, the teeth 5-8 on each side,
the excurrent nerves forming small slender spines,
the lower leaves lyrate, the lobes two on each side,
18 cm long or longer; inflorescence pyramidal, the
spikes short, the lower ones axillary, borne on
slender peduncles, to 8 cm long; bracts broadly
elliptic to elliptic-obovate, acute at apex ending in
a small spine, 18-22 mm long, 8-11 mm wide, 5-7
nerved, densely glandular-pilose, spinose-toothed;
bractlets about 15 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, longacute,
thick-nerved; calyx segments equal in length,
glandular-pilose toward the tip, the posterior segment
bidentate at apex, 3 mm wide, the anterior
segments 2.5 mm wide, the lateral segments slightly
narrower; corolla red, the tube 22-28 mm long,
contracted above base, the upper lip 13 mm long,
2-lobed, the lobes rounded, 6 mm long, the lower
lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe cuneate-obovate, 10-14
mm long and wide, broadly rounded, the lateral
lobes 4-7 mm wide; stamens about equalling the
upper lip, one pair about 5 mm longer than the
other; filaments 25 mm long, sparingly pilose; anthers
6 mm long, glabrous; ovary 4 mm long,
glabrous; style glabrous, about 3.5 cm long; capsule
not seen.
TYPE,-A. Raimondi 7133 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8718), Peru, Cajamarca, Contumaza,
Chorillos, 2000-2200 m alt, 8 Jun 1875.
DIsmIBuTIoN.-Northern Andean Peru, at elevations
between 2000-2900 m alt. PERU. CAJAMARCA:
Contumaza: Around Guzmango, 2600-2700 m alt,
6 Aug 1957, Sagastegui 0124 (US); between Tucac
and Hacienda San Lorenzo, 2900 m alt, 18 Jun
1962 Sagastegui 3762 (US). LA LIBERTAD: Otuzco;
NUMBER 18 37
El Carpish (Sinsicap), 2700 m alt, 9 Aug. 1953,
Vargas 0100 (US).
LOCAL NAMEs.-“Zarcil~ejo,”
Aphelandra uiscosa is readily distinguished by
its thin leaves and glandular bracts, bractlets, and
calyx segments. This description was compiled
from the original publication and type-photograph.
32. Aphelandra lyrata Nees
Aphelandra lyrata Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:302. 1847.-
Aphelandra lyrata Nees var. latibractea Nees in de Candolle,
Aphelandra lyrata Nees var. laxior Nees in de Candolle,
ApheEandra lyrata Nees var. arguta Nees in de Candolle,
Aphetandra cajatambensis, Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2,
Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:150. 1953.
Prodr. 11:302. 1847.
Prodr. 11:303. 1847.
Prodr. 11:303. 1847.
5:368. 1905.
Herb to 0.5 m high; stem erect, angled, often
purple, sparingly pilose; leaf blades oblongobovate
in outline, to 30 cm long and 9 cm wide,
obtuse to acute, lyrate-pinnatifid, divided into 5
or 6 lobes, those at and below middle largest,
oblong, about 4 cm long and 2 cm wide, becoming
smaller toward tip and base, the sinuses rounded
or obtuse, becoming larger and broader toward
base (lowest 2 cm broad) the margins angulatedentate,
the teeth mucronate, unarmed, both surfaces
laxly pilose; petioles about 1 cm long; flowers
borne in a terminal, solitary, peduncled spike, to
13 cm long, more or less lax, the peduncle to 9 cm
long, both peduncle and rachis sparingly pilose;
bracts lance-subulate to oblong, 10-12 mm long
and about 4 mm wide, becoming smaller toward
tip of spike, relatively thin, acute or acuminate,
sparingly pilosulous, ciliate, the marginal hairs to
1 mm long, the lowermost serrate-dentate (3 teeth
to 1.5 mm long on each side) the upper bearing 1
or 2 teeth or the uppermost entire; bractlets linearlanceolate,
10 mm long, 1 mm wide, sparingly
puberulent, the margins pilose, entire, sometimes
bearing one or two minute teeth: calyx segments
lanceolate, ciliate, the posterior segment 10-1 1 mm
long, about 4 mm wide, deeply cleft sometimes
nearly to base, the teeth acuminate sometimes 2-
toothed at tip, the other segments 9-10 mm long,
2-3.5 mm wide; corolla 3.5-4 cm long, scarlet or
orange-red, the lobes yellow, glandular-pubescent,
the tube nearly straight, about 3 cm long, 4 mm
wide at base, narrowed slightly about 7 mm above
base thence enlarged to 9 mm and again slightly
narrowed at throat, the upper lip 10-11 mm long,
2-parted, the lobes rounded, the lower lip similar
but slightly shorter; the longer pair of the Stamens
slightly exceeding the corolla: the filaments glabrous,
anthers 3-3.5 mm long; pollen grains oblong,
61p X 26p.
TypE.-McLean s.n. (holotype K), Peru, Lima,
Canta, Canta.
DISTRIBUTION.-In Peru, from Cajamarca southward
to Lima, at altitudes of 2300-2960 m. PERU.
CA JAMARCA: Contumaza: Chausivolan, Guzmango,
2800 m alt, 1 Jun 1959, Sagastegui 2985 (HUT, US).
AMAZONAS: Chachapoyas, Mathews sen. (K). LA LIBERTAD:
Otuzco: Llacmom (Sinsicap), 2500 m alt,
16 Mar 1954, Vurgas 0164 (CUZ, US). ANCASH:
Cajatambo: Ocros, 2300-2400 m alt, Mar 1903,
Weberbauer 2715 (F photo 8660, holotype of A.
cajatambensis Lindau). LIMA: Lima, 1840, McL,ean
s.n. (K); Cuesta de Puruchuco, Mathews 782 (K,
holotype of A . Zyrata var. laxior Nees); Canta: Between
Canta and Yangas, 2300-2400 m alt, 16 Mar
1950, Ferreyra 6929 (US, USM); steep hillsides
above Canta, 2960 m alt, 6 Mar 1960, Saunders 464
(K, US); Obrajillo, 1838-1942, Wilkes Expedition
(G, NY, US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Nunez
4781 (US); “Colombia” probably Peru, Lobb s.n.
(K, holotype of A. Zyrata var. arguta Nees).
In his treatment of this species Nees cites the
material examined under three varieties. His variety
latibractea is based on a specimen collectea at
Canta, Peru, by McLean. The leaves are broad and
subsessile, the peduncle longer, and the bracts all
oval, mucronate, and closely toothed.
Variety Zaxior is based on a specimen collected
at Cuesta de Puruchuco, Peru, by Mathews. The
bracts in this form are described as oblong or
oblongspatulate and at least the lowermost closely
dentate.
Variety arguta was collected in “Colombia,”
probably Peru, by Lobb. Its bracts are oblong or
linear-oblong, subspatulate, slightly obtuse, sparingly
and obscurely toothed toward apex.
The author has examined these varieties deposited
in the Hooker Herbarium and concludes
from the descriptions and the additional material
available that A. Zyrata is just a variable species
consisting of a number of races or forms.
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
33. Aphelandra cuscoensis Wasshausen
Aphelandra cuscoensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:469. 1973.
Suffrutescent shrub about 1 m high; stems glabrous
below, the upper portions sparingly sericeous,
the hairs spreading, about 2 mm long; leaf
blades elliptic, 30 cm long and 9.5 cm wide, acuminate,
narrowed from middle or slightly below
middle to a long-attenuate base, serrate, the veins
terminating in sharp spines, 3-4 mm long, the
upper surface sparingly strigose, the hairs about 1.5
mm long, the lower surface rather densely strigose,
the hairs whitish, 1.5 mm long, subappressed, those
of the costa and veins (about 18 pairs) spreading
horizontally, the venation not very prominent but
more so beneath than above; petioles about 5 mm
long, strigose, the hairs spreading; spikes solitary,
terminal, 12 cm long and 4 cm broad, moderately
dense, the peduncle about 1.5 cm long, strigose, the
rachis densely sericeous; bracts red, elliptic, about
35 mm long and 15 mm wide, acute, subchartaceous,
conspicuously sericeous without, the margins
spinose-toothed, the teeth (about 10 pairs) produced
by the continuation of the lateral veins, successively
larger and more spinose toward apex, the
spines ascending, 3-4 mm long; bractlets lanceolate,
3.2 cm long, 4 mm wide, aristate, carinate,
the keel puberulous and sericeous, subhyaline,
striate-nerved; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate,
the posterior segment 2.8 cm long and 3.5 mm wide,
the anterior pair 2.6 cm long and 3 mm wide, the
lateral pair 2 cm long and 2 mm wide, all longacuminate
at apex, glabrous, striate-nerved, subhyaline,
the margins ciliolate; corolla (immature)
about 3.5 cm long, red, densely sericeous at tip,
the hairs yellowish.
TYPE.-C. Vargas 15415 (holotype US), Peru,
Cusco, Quispicanchi, 520 m alt, 14 May 1964.
DIsTRIBIJTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra cuscoensis may be allied to A. rubra
Wasshausen, which differs in its smaller (20 mm
long), ovate, and acuminate bracts.
34. Aphelandra macrosiphon Lindau
Aphelandra macrosiphon Lindau. Bull. Herb, Boiss. 3:367.
1895.
Shrub 2-3 m high; branches terete, velvetypubescent,
the hairs appressed; leaf blades oblong,
20-27 cm long, 5-9 cm wide, probably larger near
base, gradually acuminate at apex, narrowed at
base, pubescent, the margins coarsely serrate, the
teeth spine-tipped; petioles 0.5-2 cm long; spikes
terminal, racemose, pedunculate, the peduncles to
8 cm long, appressed-pubescent; bracts lanceolate,
to 20 cm long, 4 mm wide, acuminate and spinetipped
at apex, green, pubescent, the margins armed
with 4-7 pairs of acute teeth; bractlets lanceolate,
20 mm long, 4 mm wide, long-acuminate at apex,
concave, glabrous or sparingly puberulent at tip;
calyx segments lanceolate, long-acuminate, slightly
unequal, glabrous, the posterior 16.5 mm long and 4
mm wide, the anterior pair 16 mm long and 3 mm
wide, the lateral pair 14 mm long and 2.5 mm wide;
corolla red, the tube 47 mm long, gradually and
obliquely enlarged from 2 mm at base to 7 mm at
mouth, puberulent without, glabrous within, the
upper lip 12 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, scarcely
bifid, the lobes of the lower lip equal, 18 mm long,
6 mm wide; filaments 46 mm long; anthers 6 mm
long; pollen grains typical, 57p-65~ long, 38p-42~
wide; style 62 mm long; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-O. Kuntze s.n. (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8673, isotype NY), Bolivia, on the Rio
Yuntas, 1000-2000 m alt, 13-21 Apr 1892.
DISTRIBUTION.-Peru and Bolivia at elevations
above 1000 meters. PERU. CC'ZCO: Rio Marcapata,
1000 m alt, 21 May 1954, Rauh-Hirsch P-1304 (F).
BOLIVIA. Lobb s.n. (W); Pearce 733 (K).
According to Lindau, Aphelandra macrosiphon
is closely related to A. runcinata; it differs, however,
from it and other closely related species by
its bracts which have spiny-toothed margins.
35. Aphelandra inaequalis Lindau
FIGURE 21
Aphelandria inaequalis Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 3:368.
1895.
Shrubby, 0.5-2 m high; the branches glabrous
or rarely pilose; leaf blades oblong, 9-23 cm long,
3-7 cm wide, long-acuminate and mucronate at
apex, gradually narrowed from above middle to
base, both surfaces sparingly pilose, the margins
sinuate-serrate, the teeth spine-tipped; petioles 1.5-
3 cm long, sparingly pilose; spikes dense, fleshy,
terminal, to 10 cm long, pedunculate, the peduncle
to 5.5 cm long, both rachis and peduncle glabrous;
NUMBER 18 39
bracts ovate, 0.8-1.5 cm long, 0.7 cm wide, longacuminate,
green, even, glabrate, the uppermost tip
2 mm wide, the margins dentate-ciliate; bractlets
lanceolate, 11 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, concave,
glabrous; calyx glabrous, the posterior segment
9 mm long, 3 mm wide, the anterior pair 9 mm
long and 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 6.5 mm long
and 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, the tube 40 mm
long, 3 mm wide at base, gradually narrowed to 5
mm at mouth, puberulent without, pubescent at
base within, the upper lip 22 mm long, 8 mm wide
at base, 2-lobed, the lobes 10 mm long and 4 mm
wide, acute, the lower lip 24 mm long, 7 mm wide
at base, the middle lobe 14 mm long and 5 mm
wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes 12 mm long and 2
mm wide; filaments 45 mm long; anthers 6 mm
long; pollen grains 70p X 34p-38p; ovary 3 mm
long; style 40 mm long or more; mature capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-O. Kuntze s.n. (holotype B, destroyed,
isotype NY, F photo 8665), Bolivia, Cochabamba,
between Tiraqui and Santa Rosa, 2000 m alt, Apr
1892.
DIsTRIBUTION.-Known only from around the
type-locality. BOLIVIA. COCHABAMBA: Chapare, on
new road to Todos Santos, about 130 km NE of
Cochabamba, 800 m alt, 10 Mar 1939, Eyerdam
24827 (UC).
According to Lindau, the short thick spikes and
the very unequal calyx segments are the distinguishing
characters of Aphelandrn innequalis.
36. Aphelandra hieronymi Grisebach
Aphelandra hieronymi Grisebach, Abh. Ges. Wiss. Goettingen
24:260. 1879.
Shrubby plants to 1.5 m high; stems 2-4 mm in
diameter, green or the older portion brown, pilose
to glabrate, the hairs 1.5 mm long, upwardly appressed
to spreading, the lenticels conspicuous,
whitish, about 0.5 mm wide and 2-3 mm long; leaf
blades oblonglanceolate, 5-13 cm long, 1.4-3 cm
wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed from above
the middle to base, rather thin, serrate, the teeth
and tips ending in slender spines 1-1.5 mm long,
the upper surface sparingly pilose, the hairs 0.5
mm long, the lower surface more densely so, the
hairs confined chiefly to the costa and veins, these
together with the veinlets conspicuous; petioles 5
mm long, pilose; spikes terminal and lateral, including
the flowers, 2-4 cm long, sessile or pedunculate,
more or less interrupted, the peduncles
up to 3 cm long, appressed-pubescent; bracts sim
ilar to the leaf blades but much smaller, triangularovate,
15-20 mm long, 2-3 mm wide at base,
spine-tipped and bearing 2-3 pairs of spines on
the margin, sparingly pilose, the hairs appressed;
bractlets oblong, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide near base,
acuminate at tip and terminated by a slender spine
about 1 mm long, subcoriaceous, obscurely nerved,
dorsally pubescent, the margins subhyaline; calyx
segments unequal, the two outermost broadly
lanceolate, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, the 3 inner ones
lanceolate, 6 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, all acute,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, striate, the margins subhyaline;
corolla red, finely pubescent, 2.5-4.5 cm
long, 2 mm broad at base, slightly narrowed above
the ovary, thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm, the
erect upper lip oblong, 13 mm long, 6 mm wide,
bilobed at apex, the lobes 5 mm long and 2.5 mm
wide, obtuse or rounded, the lower lip spreading,
about 10 mm long, the middle lobe broadly oblanceolate,
5 mm wide, rounded, the lateral ones
linear-lanceolate. 7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide near
tip, acute; stamens slightly exserted beyond the
upper lip; filaments glabrous toward tips, the inner
surface of the basal portions densely and retrorsely
pubescent; anthers 5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, linear,
straight or slightly curved, dorsally pilose, the hairs
about 1 mm long causing the anthers to cohere;
ovary glabrous; style slender, slightly longer than
the stamens, glabrous; capsule oblong-lanceolate,
shining, 1.8-2.2 cm long, 2-celled nearly to base,
4-seeded.
TYPE.-Lorentz & Hieronymzcs 270 (syntype
CORD), Argentina, Salta, San Andres cerca de
Oran, 17-24 Sep 1873; Lorentz d~ Hieronymus 918
(syntypes B, destroyed, CORD, S, F photo 8663),
Bolivia, Prov. de Las Salinas, Cuesta Colorado entre
San Luis y Amareta, 14 Jun 1873.
DISTRIBIJTIoN.-This species is, evidently, extremely
limited in its distribution, occurring in
northern Argentina, chiefly in the vicinity of the
Provinces of Jujuy and Salta and in adjacent regions
of southern Bolivia. ARGENTINA. LEDESMA:
Jujuy: Calilegua, Cerro de San Francisco, 1600 m
alt, 17 Jun 1911, Lillo 10791 (LIL, US, W). Bo-
LIVIA. Rosal, 1800 m alt, 3 Oct 1949, Brooke 5743
(F); San Luis, 2100 m alt, Apr 1864, Pearce s.n.
(K).
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
37. Aphelandra longibracteata Lindau
Aphelandra longiblacteata Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser.,
3:367. 1895.
Shrubby, to 2 m high; the young branches pubescent;
leaf blades oblong, 15-24 cm long, 5-9 cm
wide, acuminate and mucronulate at apex, gradually
narrowed from middle to base, both surfaces
pubescent with white hairs, the margins sinuateserrate,
the teeth tipped with small spines; petioles
1-2 cm long; spikes short, terminal and in the axils
of the upper leaves, long-pedunculate, with the
peduncles to 14 cm long, appressed-pubescent;
bracts ovate, to 20 mm long, 5 mm wide, acuminate,
the upper becoming gradually smaller, green,
the margins spinose-dentate, the teeth about 2 mm
long, sericeous without, the hair appressed; bractlets
lanceolate, 22 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, long
acuminate at apex, glabrous or sparingly puberulous
without; calyx segments lanceolate, longacuminate,
the posterior 16 mm long and 4 mm
wide, glabrous, the anterior pair 15 mm long and
2.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 14 mm long and 2
mm wide; corolla red, the tube 43 mm long, 4 mm
in diameter at base, 5 mm at mouth, puberulent
without, pubescent at base within, the upper lip
14 mm long, 8 mm wide at base, 2-lobed, the lobes
9 mm long and 4 mm wide, acute, the lower lip
15 mm long, 5 mm wide at base, the lobes obtuse,
the middle 12 mm long and 7 mm wide, the lateral
5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; filaments 44 mm
long; anthers 6 mm long; pollen grains typical,
731.1-78p long and 38p wide; ovary 2.5 mm long;
style 50 mm long; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-O. Kuntze s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, F
photo 8670, isotype NY), Bolivia, Cochabamba,
between Tiraqui and Santa Rosa, 2000 m alt,
Apr 1892.
DIsmIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality.
Lindau compares this species with A. hieronymi
described from Argentina. In that species, however,
the leaves are glabrous and the flowers and bracts
much shorter.
38. Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard
Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
31:176. 1958.
Herbs to 50 cm high; stems mostly simple, ascending,
subquadrangular, hirtellous, the hairs
upwardly curved, the internodes to 2 cm long;
leaves numerous, erect or ascending] the blades
narrowly lanceolate, to 12 cm long and 21 cm
wide, the tip blunt, narrowed and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, undulate, both surfaces
sparingly hirtellous, the costa and lateral veins
of the lower surface densely so, the venation moderately
prominent; petioles slender, to 3 cm long,
hirtellous; spikes solitary, terminal, subsessile, about
6 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, the rachis sparingly
pubescent; bracts imbricate, ascending, lanceolate,
23 mm long, 6 mm wide above the middle, the
pubescence of the outer surface a mixture of
minute spreading hairs and larger ascending ones,
the inner surface merely puberulous and glabrous
toward base, the venation of both surfaces prominent,
the veinlets coarsely reticulate towards margins,
ending in slender spinose teeth (usually 8
pairs), to 3 mm long, sparingly puberulous, ocelli
minutely elliptic, about 125p long, aggregated in a
veinless depressed area about 0.75 mm in diameter,
irregularly margined and located near the base of
the third tooth from the tip on either side of the
bract: bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm long and 1.5 mm
wide near base, acuminate, subhyaline, finely
striate, the dorsal region sparingly hirtellous, the
costa ending at base in a swollen callus; calyx segments
lanceolate, subhyaline, finely striate but
thickened and smooth at base, hirtellous and ciliate
at tip, the posterior segment 11 mm long, 2.25
mm wide at 3 mm above the base, obtuse, ending
in a mucro 1.5 mm long, the anterior segments 13
mm long and 1.5 mm wide near base, acuminate,
the lateral ones 12 mm long, 1.25 mm wide near
base, acuminate; corolla 5 cm long, a vivid scarlet,
sparingly pilosulous toward tip, the tube slightly
curved, 2 mm broad at base, 1.5 mm broad at 5
mm above base, 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper
lip ovate, about 17 mm long and 12 mm wide,
acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes oblanceolate,
the middle lobe 12 mm long, 5.5 mm wide,
subacute, the lateral lobes similar but slightly
smaller; stamens slightly exserted beyond mouth
of corolla tube; anthers lying in the concavity of
the upper lip; ovary glabrous; mature capsule not
seen.
TYPE.-E. F. Andree1055 (holotype K, US photo
3615, isotype K), Colombia, Boyaca, “Llanos” in
the vicinity of Salitre, 408 m alt, 10 Jan 1876.
NUMBER 18 41
DISTRIBUTION.-At elevations between 400-500
meters in the departments of Boyad and Meta,
Colombia. COLOMBIA. META: Sabanas de San
Juan de Arama, 500 m alt, 22 Jan 1951, Zdrobo (17.
Schultes 1270 (US); Sierra de la Macarena, forest
of Plaza Bonita, 400 m alt, 14 Nov 1949, Philipson,
Zdrobo it.. Fernandez 1419 (BM, COI).
39. Aphelandra dukei Wasshausen
Aphelandra dukei Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:475. 1973.
Suffrutescent shrub about 1 m high; stems erect,
glabrous to subtomentose, the hairs sordid, variously
curved, the internodes 1-5 cm long, the lenticels
oval to linear, 1 mm long or less; leaf blades narrowly
lanceolate, 12-15 cm long and 1-2 cm wide,
acuminate (the tip obtuse), gradually narrowed
and decurrent on the petiole, entire, firm, the
upper surface dark green, glabrous or inconspicuously
strigose, the costa impressed, this and the
lateral veins (11-13 pairs) often strigose, the lower
surface light green, glabrous or sparingly strigose,
the hairs sordid; petioles (unwinged portion) 0.5-
1.5 cm long, the pubescence that of the stem; flowers
borne in one or several, terminal, subsessile spikes,
these 9-14 cm long and 1-3 cm wide; bracts imbricate,
green, elliptic, 15 mm long and 6 mm wide
just above the middle, acuminate, sparingly sericeous
both within and without, especially near the
base, striate-nerved, bearing above the middle
about 3 pairs of slender marginal teeth, these 0.5-
2 mm long, spine-tipped and bearing near the
middle of the dorsal surface, 2-7 small submarginal
glands about 0.5 mm in diameter; bractlets lanceolate,
10 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide, striate-nerved
carinate, dorsally pilosulous; calyx segments subequal,
ovate to lanceolate, 9-10 mm long, the posterior
segment 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm
wide, the anterior pair 1 mm wide, all finely
striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous; corolla red,
about 4 cm long, sparingly puberulent, minutely
papillose, the tube subcylindric, 2 mm broad at
base, constricted to 1.5 mm at 5 mm above base,
about 4.5 mm broad at mouth, the lips oblongovate,
4.5-5 mm wide, subequal, the upper one
erect, 10 mm long, 2-lobed, the lobes narrowly
triangular, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, acuminate,
outwardly curved, the lower lip spreading,
entire, acuminate, the tip recurved, or if 3-lobed,
the lateral lobes vestigial, appearing as mere
notches near the base of the upper lip; stamens
exserted; capsule green, ovate, 12 mm long, 6 mm
broad, acute, glabrous, minutely and inconspicuously
punctate; mature seeds not seen.
TYPE.-J. A. Duke 14397 (holotype US, istoype
MO), Panama, Panama, Rio Bayano, 1-4 m above
Piria, 100 m alt, 23 Sep 1967.
DrsmIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality in Panama, PANAMA. PANAAA: Along
Pan-Am Highway, Rio Canita near Janine, 24 Sep
1961, Duke 3840 (US); tributary of Rio Chagres,
5 m SW of Cerro Brewster, 300 m alt, 14 Dec 1967,
Lewis, Blackwell, Hawker, Little, Nowicke, iL- Oliver
3426 (MO).
Aphelandra dukei is perhaps nearest in relationship
to A. deppeana, but differs markedly in its
narrower, lanceolate leaf blades.
40. Aphelandra impressa Lindau
Aphelandra impressa Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 5:657.
1897.-Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31: 175. 1953.
Stems terete, the lower portions glabrous, the
upper parts sparingly strigillose; leaf blades oblongelliptic,
9-28 cm long (including the winged petiole),
2.5-6 cm wide, acuminate and more or less
falcate, the tip blunt, gradually narrowed from
about the middle into a winged petiole, the margins
entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces
sparingly strigillose, the pubescence more numerous
on the costa and veins (10-13 pairs), these
rather prominent; petioles (unwinged portion)
5-15 mm long, often densely strigillose; spikes
solitary or in 3’s, terminal, 8-14 cm long and 2 cm
broad (excluding corollas and tips of bracts), the
rachis densely brown puberulous; bracts closely
imbricate, subrhombic, acuminate, the tips spreading
or recurved, both surfaces brown-puberulous,
the teeth 8-10 on each side, these slender, ending
in spines, 1.5-4.5 mm long, the glandular area on
either side of the midrib deeply impressed dorsally,
the pit about 1.5 mm long and 1 .nm broad; bractlets
subulate, 8 mm long and 11 mm wide near the
base, curved, carinate, puberulent dorsally; calyx
puberulous toward tip, 10 mm long, the segments
lanceolate, the posterior segment acuminate, 2.5 mm
wide, the others ending in a spinelike tip, 1.5 mm
wide near base; corolla purple or red, puberulent,
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
5.5-6 cm long, the tube 2.5 mm broad at base, 5-7
mm broad at mouth, the upper lip ovate, about
13 mm long, 9 mm wide, acuminate, entire, the
lower lip 3-lobed nearly to base, the lobes oblongelliptic,
acuminate, the middle lobe 15 mm long
and 4.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes 12 mm long
and 3.5 mm wide; stamens exserted beyond the
mouth of the corolla tube but not exceeding the
upper lip; filaments 3.34 cm long, pubescent
toward base; anthers 5.5 mm long and 0.5 mm
broad; pollen grains typical, 401.1-45p long, 27p
wide; style 4-5 mm long; ovary glabrous; capsule
not seen.
TypE.-Funck Q Schlim 1244 (holotype B, destroyed,
isotype BR, G, P), Venezuela, Merida,
San Cristobal, 950 m alt.
DISTRIBUTION.-Between the altitudes of 250 and
1240 meters in Venezuela and northern Colombia.
VENEZUELA. MERIDAA: Timotes, Ju1 1948, Vogel
1499 (M). BARINAS: Ticoporo forest reserve, 370
m alt, 22 Jan 1964, Breteler 3528 (US, VEN); Feb
1969, Aristeguieta Q Zabala 6958 (VEN); between
Barinas and Pedraza, Apr 1959, Aristeguieta 3863
(US, VEN). APURE: Reserva Forestal San Camilo,
250 m alt, 28 Mar 1968, Steyermark, Bunting Q
Blanco 101437 (US). COLOMBIA. Anchuelita,
along the Rio Curbatico, 300-400 m alt, 10 Dec
1954, Bernardi 1713 (K); Pedraza LaVieja, 300 m
alt, 16 Feb 1957, Bernardii 1111 (VEN). NORTE DE
SANTANDER: Region del Sarare, valley of the Rio
RlIargua between Junin and Cordoba, 920-1240 m
alt, 22 Nov 1941, Cuatrecasas 13374 (US). META:
Between Villavicencio and BogotP, 1898-99,
Sprague s.n. (K).
41. Aphelandra deppeana
Schlechtendal & Chamisso
Aphelandra deppeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso, Linnaea 5:
96. 1830.
Aphelandra pulcherrima sensu Humboldt, Bonpland, &
Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:236. 1817 [pro parte, non Aphelandra
pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland &
Ku n t h] .
Aphelandra pectinata Willdenow ex Nees in de Candolle,
Prodr. 11:297. 1847.
Aphelandra pectinata Willdenow ex Nees var. maera Nees
in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:298. 1847.
Aphelandra haenkeana Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:298.
1847.
Aphelandra fulgens Decaisne, Rev. Hort. Ser. 3. 1:21. 1847.
Shrubs to 4 m high; stems stout, pubescent to
subtomentose, the hairs sordid, variously curved,
the internodes 5-7 cm long; leaf blades ovateelliptic
to lanceolate, 5-20 cm long, 3-10 cm wide,
acuminate, gradually to rather abruptly narrowed
and decurrent on the petiole at base, entire, undulate,
the upper surface more or less scabridulous,
subnitid, glabrous to sparingly puberulous or
pilose, the hairs to 0.5 mm long, the costa impressed,
this and the lateral veins (12-16 pairs)
often strigose, the lower surface sparingly to densely
pubescent or tomentose, the hairs sordid; petiole
(the unwinged portion) 1 cm long or less, the
pubescence that of the stems; flowers in spikes to
20 cm long and about 1 cm broad, these terminal
or both terminal and lateral, then forming a narrow
terminal spicate thyrse; bracts ovate-elliptic,
8-15 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, acuminate, sparingly
pilosulous without, glabrous within, rather strongly
5-nerved, bearing above the middle 1-several slender
marginal teeth to 1.5 mm long and, near the
middle of the dorsal surface, 2 small submarginal
glands about 0.5 mm in diameter; bractlets lanceolate,
6-7 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, acuminate, dorsally
pilosulous, the margins subhyaline; calyx
lobes subequal, ovate to lanceolate, the posterior
one about 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.5 mm
wide, the anterior pair barely 2 mm wide, all
finely striate-nerved, subhyaline, sparingly pilosulous
dorsally; corolla pale to bright red, orange, or
crimson, pubescent distally, glabrous proximally,
about 4 cm long, the tube subcylindric, about 3 mm
broad at base, constricted to 2 mm at 5 mm above
base, about 5 mm broad at throat, the lips oblongovate,
4.5-5 mm wide, subequal, the upper one
erect, 2-lobed, narrowly triangular, the lobes 3.5
mm long, 1.5 mm wide at the base, acuminate,
outwardly curved, the lower lip spreading, entire,
acuminate, the tip curved, or if 3-lobed, the lateral
lobes vestigial, appearing as mere notches near
the base of the upper lip; stamens exserted; capsule
oblong, 15-20 mm long, about 8 mm broad
and 3 mm thick, obtuse, glabrous, inconspicuously
puncticulate; seed dull brown, orbicular, 4 mm in
diameter, 2 mm thick, minutely roughened.
TYPE.--Schiede L* Deppe s.n. (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8704) Mexico, Hacienda de la
Laguna.
DrsmIsuTIoN.-Southern Mexico to northern
South America. MEXICO. VERACRUZ: CordillerA de
NUMBER 18 43
Vera Cruz, Jun-Oct 1840, Galeotti 909 (K, P, US.
W, syntype of A. haenkeana Nees); Mirador, 900-
1140 m alt, Hohenacker s.n. (W); Mirador, Dec
1838, Linden 189 (K, syntype of A. haenkeana
Nees ) ; Consoqui tla, near Mirador, Oct-Nov 186 1,
Liebmann s.n. (K, P); 1867, Gouin s.n. (P); Zacuapan,
Nov 1861, Liebmann s.n. (K); Zacuapan and
vicinity, Sep 1906; Purpus 1938 (US); Oct 1926,
Purpus 10878 (US); region of San Andres Tuxtla,
31 Aug 1953, Dressler Cir Jones 230 (US). GUERRERO:
Near Acapulco, Haenke s.n. (PR, syntype of A.
haenkeana Nees); 23 Nov 1882, Hancock 47 (K);
Acapulco, 1840, Voyage Venus s.n. (P); Acapulco
and vicinity, Oct 1894-Mar 1895, Palmer 174 (US);
road between Copala & Juchitango, 60-180 m alt,
9 Feb 1895, Nelson 2297 (US); La Botella, 400 m
alt, 28 Nov 1898, Langlasse 679 (K, US); Montes
de Oca, Vallecitos, 520 m alt, 25 Nov 1936, Hinton
9903 (K, US, W); 10 Ju1 1937, Hinton 11477 (K,
US, W); Galeana, Atoyac, 220 m alt, 14 Nov 1937,
Hinton 10919 (K, US); Carrizo-El Rio, 700 m alt,
20 Oct 1939, Hinton 14691 (US, W); La Roquetaisland
off Acapulco, 8 Feb 1941, Langman 3309
(US); near kms 337-8 beyond Acahuizotla on
highway to Acapulco, 900 m alt, 30 Sep 1949,
Moore 5108 (US); vicinity of Acahuizotla between
Chilpancingo and Acapulco, 17 Oct 1959, Moore
8124 (US); Highway 95, 5-6 m E of Acapulco, 20
Jan 1955, Carlson 3066 (US). OAXACA: Mirador,
1842, Ghiesbreght 57 (P, isotype of A. fzilgens Decaisne)
between Tehuantepec and Gulf of Mexico,
Sep 1834, Andrieux I31 (K, P, W , syntype of A.
haenkeana Nees); Cafetal Concordia (Cerro Espino),
600 m alt, 30 Nov 1917, Reko 3626 (US);
Juchitan, Santo Domingo, 240 m alt, 23 Oct 1919,
Conzatti 3735 (US); Cerro Concordia, 650-800 m
alt, 8-14 Apr 1923, Morton Q Makrinius 2676 (US);
Tuxtepec, Chiltepec and vicinity, 20 m alt, Ju1
1940-Feb 1941, Martinez 205, 254 (US); El Cerro
de Cosolapa, Cosolapa, 22 Oct 1943, Santos 2617
(US); Comaltepec, Liebmann s.n. (K). TABASCO:
Between San Juan Bautiste and Atasta, 23 Oct
1887, Rovirosa I1 (US). CHIAPAS: Between Teneapa
and Yajalon, 900-1500 m alt, 13 Oct 1895,
Nelson 3245 (US); San Pedro, 3 Apr 1930, Me11
561 (US); Escuintla, 4 Nov 1936, Matuda 151 (US);
Tenejapa, along Ala Shashib River above Habenal,
1200 m alt, 14 Ju1 1964, Breedloue 6463 (US);
Tenejapa, 1110 m alt, 25 Nov 1964, Breedlove 7609
(US); Tuxtla Gutierrez, 840 m alt, Breedlove 6
Raven 13351 (US); 750 m alt, 27 Oct 1965, Breedlove
13879 (US); Tenejapa, 1080 m alt, 28 Oct
1966. Ton 1395 (US); Venustiano Carranza, 1050
m alt, 12 Sep 1966, Laughlin 2024 (US); 1864-1870,
Ghiesbreght 700 (K). CAMPECHE: On Campeche-
Merida road, beyond Hopalchen, 3 Oct 1959, Moore
8078 (US), YUCATAN: Chiceh, Mar 1917, Gaumer
23798 (US); Chichankanab, Gaumer 1488, 1569
(US); Apr 1917, Gaumer 23650 (US); Izamal, Oct-
Mar 1895, Gaumer 300 (US, W); S Kancabconot,
Mar 1917, Gaumer 23587 (US); Progreso, 11-15
Aug 1932, Steere 3012 (US); Tepakaam, 15 Jan
1895, Millspaugh 91 (US); Coba, 24 Jan 1938,
Crocket I50 (US); Maskal, 20 Ju1 1934, GentZe
1304 (P); Uxmal, 29 Sep 1959, Degener 26785
(NY, US); Chichen Itza, near Cenote Sagrada, 2
Dec 1966, Rudd 2033 (US), QUINTANA ROO: 35 Km
S of Dzuiche, 30 m alt, 21 Aug 1965, Roe, Roe Pir
Mori 1349 (US, WIS). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY:
Sesse' il- Mocinoo s.n. (FI), 279, 280, 290 (MA, US
photos 4501, 4565, 4559); 13 Nov 1907, Kerber s.n.
(P, US). GUATEMALA. EL PETEN: La Libertad, 24
Apr 1933, LundeZl3004 (US); El Paso, 3 Apr 1932,
LundelZ 1447 (US); Cerro Ceibal, on left side of
Rio Cancuen, 75-150 m alt, 30 Apr 1942, Steyermark
46080 (US); San Clemente to Dos Arroyos,
1 May 1931, Bartlett 12827 (US); Ceibal, 150 m
alt, 18 Nov 1965, Molina 15861 (US); Parque Nacional
de Tikan, 28 Aug 1970, Ortk I248 (US).
HUEHUETENANGO: Along RIo Trapichillo below La
Libertad, 1200-1300 m alt, 21 Aug 1942, Steyermark
51194 (US). ALTA VERAPAZ: Sacolol, 900 m
alt, Oct 1855, von Tuerckheim 825 (P, US); Secanquim,
trail to Cahaban, 12 Aug 1904, GolZ 139
(US); Finca Mocca, 450 m alt, 4 Dec 1919, Johnson
85 (US); near Pancajche, 900 m alt, 10 Apr 1941,
Standley 91831 (US); between Chirriacta and Semococh,
500-900 m alt, 10 May 1942, Steyermark
46351 (US); between Sachaj and Sacacac, 150-180
m alt, 20 Mar 1942, Steyermark 45175 (US); Cacao,
Finca Trece Aguas, 270-330 m, 30 Sep 1905, Goll 3
(US); 20 Apr 1906, Lewton 360 (US). VERAPAZCHIQUIMULA:
1885, Watson 127 (US). IZARAL: Los
Amates, 15 Feb 1908, Kellerman 7479 (US); vicinity
of Quirigua, 75-225 m alt, 15-31 May 1922, Standley
23910, 23914 (US). QUEZALTENANGO: Colomba,
570 m alt, 4 Oct 1934. Skutrh 1370 (us). ZACAPA:
Between Zacapa and Chiquimula, 500-660 m ah,
9 Oct 1940, Standley 73849 (US); base of Sierra
de las Minas, 300 m alt. 11 Oct 1940, Standley
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
74061 (US); along Rio Teculuah, above Teculutan,
250-275 m alt, 7 Jan 1942, Steyermark 42150
(US). CHIQUIMULA: 3 m SE of Quezaltepeque,
1200-1500 m alt, 6 Nov 1939, Steyermark 31291
(US); between Esquipulas and Ataluapa, 800 m alt,
11 Dec 1969, Molina 25346 (US). JALAPA: Between
Jalapa and San Pedro Pinula, 1400-1800 m
alt, 12 Nov 1940, Standley 77087 (US). GUATEMALA:
Guatemala, San Antonio Mt. 1465 m alt,
11 Jan 1906, Kellerman 5911 (US); Sanarate, 810
m alt, 28 Dec 1906, Kellerman 6653 (US). SOLOLAA:
Patalul, 411 m alt, Aug 1891, Shannon 154 (US).
RETALHULEU: Retalhuleu, 237 m ak, 10 Jan 1907,
Kellerman 6584 (US); between Nueva Linda and
Champerico, 120 m alt, 18 Feb 1941, Standley
87523, 87650 (US). SUCHITEPEQUEZ: near Patulul,
330-600 m, 5 Jan 1939, Standley 62184 (US).
ESCUINTLA: Santa Lucia, 318 m alt, 3 Mar 1905,
Kellerman 4564, 5270 (US); Escuintla, 330 m alt,
1890, John Donnell Smith 1976 (US); near Las
Lajas, 1200 m alt, 28 Nov 1938, Standley 58152
(US); near San Jose, sea level, 30-31 Jan 1939,
Standley 64076 (US); San Antonio Jute, 780 m
alt, 9 Feb 1939, Standley 64897, 64901 (US); SE of
Escuintla, along Rio Michatoya, 12 Mar 1941,
Standley 89138 (US). SANTA ROSA: Jumaytepeque,
1800 m alt, Nov 1892, Heyde et Lux 4379 (US);
about Guazacapan, 220 m alt, 29 Nov-3 Dec 1940,
Standley 78702 (US); SE of Chiquimulilla, 150 m
ah, 30 Nov 1940, Standley 78737 (us). JUTlAPj.:
Vicinity of Jutiapa, 850 m alt, 24 Oct-5 Nov 1940,
Standley 75121 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY:
1841, Friedrichstahl 688 (W); 1892, Heyde 414
(US). BRITISH HONDURAS. NORTHERN DISTRICT:
Corozal-Santa Helena road, Aug 1933, Gentle
4865 (US); San Antonio, Sep 1933, Gentle 4969
(US); 1931-1932, Gentle 202 (US); Maskall, 9
Apr 1934, Gentle 1185 (US), BELIZE: Mt. Polo
group, 2 Feb 1931, Bmtlett 11349 (Us). STANN
CREEK: 24 Feb 1929, Schipp 37 (K, US). EL CAYO:
Augustine, Mountain Pine Ridge, 28 Aug 1959,
Hunt 42 (US); El Cay0 and vicinity, Mar-Jun
1933, Chanek 38 (US); N of El Cayo, Branch
Mouth, 19 Feb 1931, Baitktt 11942, 11947 (US).
TOLEDO: Swasey Branch, Monkey River, 11 Nov
1941, Gentle 3774 (US); 12 Nov 1941, Gentle
3775 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Tower Hill
Estate, 1927, Karling 12, 51 (US). HONDURAS.
ISLA DE LA BAHIA~A: Ruatan Island, Aug 1886, Gaumer
s.n. (US). SANTA BARBARARA: San Pedro Sula,
300 m alt, Thieme 5403 (US); 1 km from Santa
BPrbara, 300 m alt, 11 Dec 1950, Molina 3663 (US).
COMAYAGUA: Vicinity of Siguatepeque, 1080-1400
m alt, 14-28 Feb 1928, Standley 56067 (US); 1110
m alt, 21 Sep 1932, Edwards 486 (US); 1100 m alt,
29 Sep-.?I Oct 1951, Williams 18475 (us). EL PARA~
SO: Road to Yuscaran, 5 Nov 1951, Swallen
11335 (US); Gulf of Fonseca, Sinclair s.n. (K, syntype
of A . pectinata Willd. ex Nees). EL SALVADOR.
AHUACHAPANVicinity of Ahuachapana800-1000 m
alt, 9-27 Jan 1922, Standley 19893 (US). SONSONATE:
Vicinity of San Antonio del Monte, 250 m
a h , 23 Mar 1922, Standley 22166 (us). SAN SALVADOR:
Vicinity of Tonacatepeque, 30-31 Dec 1921,
Standley 19440 (US); 31 Dec 1921, Calderon 210
(US). SAN VICENTE: San Vicente, 350-500 m alt,
2-11 Mar 1922, Standley 21220 (US), SAN MIGUEL:
S side of Lake Olomega, 75 m alt, 8 Feb 1942,
Tucker 931 (P, US). MORAZANAN: 15 km NE of San
Miguel, 2G0 m alt, 2 Dec 1941, Tucker 450 (US).
LA UNION6~: Gulf of Conchagua, Nov 1838, Voyage
Sulphur, Barkley 2597 (US); La Union, 150 m alt,
13-21 Feb 1922, Standley 20672, 20855 (US). NICARAGUA.
MATAGALPA: 5-10 km W of Matagalpa,,
600-700 m alt, 13 Jan 1963, Williams, Molina (1.
Williams 23801 (US, W); Matagalpa, 12 Jan 1928,
Mell 33 (US). CHINANDEGA: Chinandega, 1 Jan
of Managua, Gamier 55 (US); 2 Nov 1923, Chaves
45 (Us). GRANADA: Jan 1870, Levy 349 (P). RIVAS:
Finca Coacojoche, near Tola & Rivas, 16 Jan 1945,
White 5354 (US). Lake Nicaragua, Ometepe Is.
land, 1893, Shimek Q Smith 146 (US). WITHOUT
EXACT LOCALITY: U. S. North Pacific Exploring
Expedition, Wright s.n. (US). COSTA RICA. Mt.
Mombacho, 1845-46, grsted 10614 (US). GuANACASTE:
Around Nicoya, Dec 1899, Tondiiz 13633
(F, K, P, US, W); vicinity of Tilaran, 500-650 m
alt, 10-31 Jan 1926, Standley & Valerio 44293,
45686 (US): Cataract Falls, 16 Feb 1956, Schubert
1071 (US). PUNTARENAS: Jan 1854, Scherzer s.n.
(W); along Rio Ceibo, near Buenos Aires, Jan
1892, Tondzcz 6707 (US). ALAJUELA: San Mateo,
Jan 1892, Biolley 7073, 7074, 7075 (US); Grecia,
Dec 1917, Jimenez 1142 (US); San Ramon, 1000 m
alt, 5 Feb 1940, Austin Smith 2359 (K, US); Finca
Prado, above Atenas, 7 Feb 1956, Schubert Q Madriz
1036 (US). SAN jose: Bois du Rodeo de Pacaca,
400-700 m alt, Pittier Q Dzcrand 1592 (US);
La Caja, Dec 1890, Biolley 3210 (US); San Jose,
1903, Baker 2057 (K, us, w). MANAGUA: Vicinity
NUMBER 18 45
Dec 1896, Tonduz 10401 (US); Escasu, 1250 m alt,
29 Jan 1924, Standley 32370 (US); Las Pavas, 1070
m alt, 29 Feb 1924, Standley 36057 (US). WITHOUT
EXACT LOCALITY: Gulf of Nicoya, Sinclair s.n. (K,
syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow ex Nees). PANAMA.
CHIRIQUI: 12.4 m N of David, 14 Dec 1966,
Lewis et al. 718 (MO, US). VERAGUAS: Ila de Uva,
Contreras group, 11 Dec 1911, Pittier 5113 (US);
hills W of Sona 500 m alt, 24 Nov 1938, Allen
1042 (MO, US); Bahia Honda, 28 Mar 1939, Elmore
H15 (US). LOS SANTOS: Tonosi, 35 m alt,
27 Feb 1963, Stern, Eyde, (1.. Ayensu 1854 (US); 25
m SW of Tonosi, Rio Pedregal, 750-900 m alt,
7 Dec 1967, Lewis et al. 2954 (MO, US). HERRERA:
O c u ~ , 100 m alt, 22 Jan 1947, Allen 4066 (US); O c u 6 ,
banks of Rio Pasoancho, 19 Feb 1963, Stern, Eyde,
6. Ayensu 1738 (US); between Las Minas and Pese,
25 Dec 1966, Burch, Oliver, c?r Robertson 1349
(US). COCLEL~: Penonome, 15-300 m alt, 23 Feb-
22 Mar 1908, Williams 217 (US); between Paso
del Arado and 012, 20-280 m alt, 7-9 Dec 1911,
Pittier 5026 (US); Ola, 100-350 m alt, 7-9 Dec
1911, Pittier 5036 (US); El Valle, 800-1000 m alt,
22 Dec 1936, Allen 96 (US); El Valle de Anto,
300-600 m alt, 2-3 Dec 1967, Lewis et al. 2595
(MO, US). CANAL ZONE. Paraiso, Dec 1857, Wagner
s.n. (W); 29 Nov 1967, Dyer 7143 (US);
Balboa, Nov 1923-Jan 1924, Standley 25439, 26047,
29258 (US); Pueblo Nuevo, 10 Mar 1940, White
299 (US); Miraflores, 27 Dec 1937, White 49 (US);
Fort Kobe, 15 Oct 1939, Allen 2022 (US); between
Fort Clayton and Corozal, 31 Dec 1923, Standley
29011 (US); Santa Rita hills, 4 Jan 1958, C. Earle
Smith, Jr. CL- H. Morgan Smith 3433 (PH, US); between
Rodman Marine Base and Chorrera, 17 Dec
1967, Nowicke, Blackwell Q Hawker 3582 (MO,
US). PANAAA: Rio Tapia, 7 Dec 1923-11 Jan 1924,
Standley 26193, 28091 (US) ; near Matias Hernandez,
30 Dec 1923, Standley 28971 (US); Rio Tecumen,
3 Jan 1924, Standley 29455 (US); Juan Diaz,
11 Jan 1924, Standley 30601 (US): between Las
Sabanas and Matiis Hernindez, 21 Jan 1924,
Standley 31911 (US); 2-3 m S of Goofy Lake, on
road to Jefe, 600-660 m alt, 10 Dec 1966, Lewis,
Burch, Dwyer Q Elias 282 (MO, US); Chimin,
12 Dec 1967, Lewis et al. 3331 (MO, US). SAN
BLAS: Between Rios Diablo and Acuati, 11 Mar 1967,
Duke 14887 (US). DARIEN: Punta Garachine, 28
Feb 1967, Duke 10475 (US). Taboga Island, 0-250
m alt, 20-23 May 1911, Pittier 3620 (US); 1912,
Celestino 43 (US); 26 Jan-7 Feb 1923, Macbride
2770 (US); Dec 1923, Standley 27864 (US); Hinds
s.n. (K, syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow ex
Nees). Taboguilla Island, 30 Mar 1937, Miller
1999 (US), WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 1851,
Duchassaing s.n. (P); Central America, Barkley s.n.
(K, syntype of A. haenkeana Nees); journey to Chile,
9 Dec 1905, Sargent 17 (US); 22 Feb 1923, Macbride
2666 (US). SURINAM. 1846, Hoslmann (1..
Kappler 539 (K, LE, MO, P, W, syntype of A. pectinata
Willdenow ex Nees); Paramaribo, Wullschlugl
422 (W); Ju1 1844, Kegel 56 (P); 3 km N of
Paramaribo, 5 Apr 1944, Maguire Clr Stahel 22727
(NY, W); Charlesburg near Paramaribo, 21 Ju1 1933,
Lanjouw 100 (K); Saramacca River, 18 Jun 1944,
Maguire 23873 (NY, P, US). GUYANA. Along
banks of Sururu River, Jun 1839, Schomburgk 180
(K, W, syntype of A. pectinata Wildenow ex Nees);
1841, Schomburgk 888 (P, W), 1461 (US); Corentyne
River, Sep 1879, Jenman 368 (P); SE of
Georgetown, 26 Nov 1919, Hitchcock 16916 (US);
Akyma, Demerara River above Wismar, 9-10 Jan
1920, Hitchcock 17419 (US); junction of Mazaruni
and Cuyuni Rivers, Kartabo Station, 23 Ju1 1924,
Graham 336 (US); Mazaruni River & Essequebo,
Aug 1933, Martyn 398 (K); Matope Falls, Cuyuni
River, 4 Jun 1952, Forest Dept. 6942 (K); Maniparu
Falls, 14 Feb 1949, Atkinson 59 (BM, K, US);
Essequebo River, Uriridan savanna, 12 Jun 1951,
Forest Dept. 6453 (K, P); Keriti Creek, Essequebo
River, 4 Oct 1942, Forest Dept. F875 (K); Essequebo
River, first falls, 10 Sep 1929, Sandwith 194
(K); Issororo, Pomeroon River, 5 Jun 1909, Anderson
s.n. (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Sep 1879,
im Thurm s.n. (K); Apr 1887, Jenman 3785 (K).
VENEZUELA. ANOTEGUI: Barcelona, valleys of
Neveri and Nevicual, 1885, Chaper s.n. (P); Pariaguan,
14 Dec 1940, Pittier 14530 (F, US, VEN);
Guanta-Cumana, Sep 1959, Aristeguieta 3981
(VEN). GUARICO: Ortiz, Oct 1963, Aristeguieta
5197 (VEN); Llanos de Calabozo, Mision Abajo,
9 Nov 1941, Lasser 134 (US, VEN). MIRANDA:
Parque Nacional de Guatopo, Sep 1966, Aristeguieta
Q Agostini 6429 (US). TRUJILLO: El Dividive,
29 Nov 1922, Pittier 10855 (US, VEN). BOLI
VAR: Angostura or Ciudad Bolivar, 1864, Grosourdy
13 (P); Cariben on Rio Orinoco, 3 Apr 1887, Chaffanion
130 (P); La Urbana, Jan 1892, Guyon 50
(P); La Union, Medio Caura, 90 m alt, 14 Feb
1939, Williams 11254 (US, VEN); 30 km below La
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Urbana, 100 m alt, 14-15 Mar 1949, Maguire 6
Maguire 29035 (NY, P, US); Hato la Vergarefia,
E of Cerro Coroba, 420 m alt, 25 Oct 1954, Wurduck
6 Guppy 203 (US, VEN); Caicara (Orinoco),
1898-99, Sprague s.n. (K); Ciudad Piar, 450 m alt,
Apr 1954, Aristeguietu 2233 (VEN). AMAZONAS:
Mouth of Rio Sanariapo, 140 m alt, 22 May 1940,
Williams I3061 (US, VEN); Alta Ventuari, junction
of the Rio Jenete, 500 m alt, Dec 1940, Cardona
165 (US, VEN); Base River (Cano Negro),
at SE base of Cerro Duida, 215 m alt, 23 Aug 1944,
Steyermark 57909 (US, VEN); Rio Negro, Piedra
de Cocui, 22-23 Dec 1947, Schultes (I. Lopez9422
(US); Rio Cuao, Rio Orinoco, Murcielago Falls,
17 Nov 1948, Maguire (I. Politi 27318 (US, VEN);
Cerro Sipapo (Paraque), 28 Dec 1948, Maguire &
Politi 27984 (US, VEN); 25 Jan 1949, Maguire 6
Politi 28606 (US, VEN); Cerro Huachamacari, Rio
Cunucunuma, 400 m alt, 21 Dec 1950, Maguire,
Cowan, & Wurdack 29987 (US, VEN); Serrania
Paru, Rio Paru, Cano Arisa, Rio Ventuari, 250 m
alt, 17 Feb 1951, Cowan 6 Wurdack 32541 (US,
VEN); Puerto Ayacucho, Great Rapids of the Orinoco,
100-120 m alt, 8 Nov 1953, Maguire, Wurduck,
& Bunting 36078 (US, VEN); 10 Nov 1953,
Maguire, Wurdack, 6 Bunting 36114 (US, VEN);
Alto Rio Orinoco, 30 km above Santa Barbara, 125
m alt, 15 Sep 1957, Maguire, Wurdack, Keith 41480
(US, VEN, W); Orinoco River, S part of Isla del
Raton, 90 m alt, 19 Nov 1965, Breteler 4740 (US,
VEN). COLOMBIA. BOLIVAR: Vicinity of Cartagena,
1920, Heriberto 357 (US); Sincelejo, 150-200 m alt,
26 Jan 1918, Pennell 4057 (NY, US); between
savanna Beltran and Juanarias, 15 Sep 1963, Romero
9939 (COL); Since, 18 Sep 1963, Romero
9986 (COL); San Martin de Loba, Lands of Loba,
Apr-May 1916, Curran 99, 111 (US). NORTE DE
sANTANDER: Ocaiia, Aquachica, 1846-52, Schlim 278
(K, P). BOYACA: 10 km above Mani, San Antonio
on Rio Cusiana, 250 m alt, 16 Feb 1939, Haught
2613 (US). META: Apiay, plains of San Martin,
300 m alt, Feb 1856, Triana s.n. (COL, P); Rio
Casanare, at Esmeralda, 130 m alt, 19-20 Oct 1938,
Cuatrecasas 3810 (COL), 3816 (US); Rio Orinoco,
Puerto Carreno, 23-24 Oct 1938, Cuatrecasas 4046
(US); Rio Meta, La Venturosa, 27 Oct 1938, Cuatrecusas
4185 (US); Rio Meta, Metabubosa, 29 Oct
1938, Cuatrecasas 4235 (COL); 65 km E of Villavicencio,
28 Dec 1938, Haught 2501 (US); Sabanas
de San Juan de Arama, 500 m alt, 5-20 Dec 1950,
Zdrobo 6 Schultes 1223 (US); Llanos Orientales,
Serrania de Menegua, 250 m alt, 17 Sep 1958, Jammillo,
Hernandez & van der Hammen 1265, 1268
(COL); 34 km E of Villavicencio, 300 m alt, 17
Sep 1958, Jaramillo, Herndndez 6 van der Hammen
1275 (COL). VICHADA: Along the Rio Vichada,
7 km NE of San Jose de Ocunk, 100 m alt, 19 Jan
1944, Hermann I0973 (US). VAUPES:Cerro de
Mitu, 380 m alt, 17 Sep 1939, Cuatrecasas 6878
(US); Calamar, on the Rio Unilla, 240 m alt, 30
Oct 1939, Cuatrecasas 7339 (COL). WITHOUT
EXACT LOCALITY: Engels s.n. (LE); Cuming 1099
(K, syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow ex Nees).
ECUADOR. WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Sinclair s.n.
(K, holotype of A. pectinata var. macra Nees);
Hegewisch s.n. (K, syntype of A. haenkeana Nees).
CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Hope Gardens, Jamaica,
Dec 1904, Harris 75 (K); St. Vincent, Guilding s.n.
(K).
42. Aphelandra storkii Leonard
Aphelandra storkii Leonard, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 18:1197.
1938.
Suffrutescent; stems round, terete, sparingly pilose
toward the tip, glabrous below; leaf blades
ovate, 20 cm long, 13 cm wide, short-acuminate,
abruptly narrowed at the base and decurrent on
the petiole, undulate, sparingly pilose above, densely
so beneath, the veins prominent, coarsely reticulate
toward the margins; petioles about 10 cm long,
winged, about 3 mm broad near the base of the leaf
blade; spikes terminal, 11 cm long or longer, about
3 cm in diameter, the bracts closely imbricate, the
rachis densely spreading-pilose; bracts oblong
ovate, 25-28 mm long, 10-12 mm wide, acute,
red (?), veiny, puberulent within, pilose without,
the middle portion of the margin denticulate, the
few teeth about 0.25 mm long, also bearing on
both sides near the middle a number of small,
round, sessile, submarginal glands; bractlets linearlanceolate,
12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide near the
base, acuminate, pilose, striate; calyx segments subequal,
13-14 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, the
posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the anterior pair
2.5 mm wide, and the lateral pair 2 mm wide, all
gradually narrowed to a slender point, pilosulous,
striate; corolla red (?), pilose, the upper lip erect,
acute, 2-toothed, the lower lip %lobed, probably
NUMBER 18 47
spreading, its middle lobe acute, much longer and
larger than the obtuse lateral ones (mature corolla
not seen).
TYPE.-Rowles Cir Stork 690 (holotype US), Costa
Rica, Limon, Livingston, Rio Reventazon, July to
Aug, 1920.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra storkii is closely related to A. deppeana
but differs from it in its much larger bracts
with very minute teeth. In A. deppeana the bracts
are rarely as much as 15 mm long, whereas in this
species they are at least 25 mm long.
43. Aphelandra h i a Leonard
Aphelandra lash Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:179.
1953.
Shrubs to over 2 m high; stems subquadrangular,
at least the upper portions densely pilose, the hairs
whitish, to 2 mm long; leaf blades oblongelliptic,
to 29 cm long and 8 cm wide, subacuminate, narrowed
from about the middle to a winged petiole,
entire or undulate, rather thin, the upper surface
sparingly whitish strigose, moderately strigose beneath
especially on the costa and lateral veins
(about 22 pairs); petiole (unwinged portion) 5-10
mm long, the winged portion 6-7 cm long, both
densely pilose; spikes to 5 or more in number, terminal
and subterminal, 5-10 cm long, 2 cm broad,
the rachis densely pilose; bracts ascending, light
brown, rhombic, about 18 mm long and 9 mm
wide, densely pilose, the margins bearing 1 or 2
pairs of minute ascending teeth, the glandular
areas consisting usually of 5-20 elliptical ocelli 0.75
mm long and barely 0.5 mm wide, these dark
brown, conspicuous against the light brown of the
bracts; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, carinate, 16
mm long, 3 mm wide near base, densely pilose
without; calyx 19 mm long, the segments lanceolate,
the posterior one 5.5 mm wide at about the
middle, the anterior pair 3.5 mm wide, the lateral
pair 3 mm wide, all indurate, glabrate to about 5
mm from base, upper portions densely pilose; corolla
bright red, rather sparingly puberulous, 6 cm long,
the tube 3 cm long, 6 mm broad at base, contracted
at tip of ovary to 3 mm, thence gradually expanded
to 7 mm at mouth, the lips erect, about equal,
3 cm long, the upper lip about 8 mm wide at basal
part of the 2 lobes, these lanceolate, 17 mm long,
5 mm wide at middle, acuminate, spreading, the
lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe free to base,
oblong-lanceolate, 33 mm long, 7 mm wide at about
the middle, the lateral lobes triangular, 8 mm long,
2.5 mm wide near the base, acute, their upper
margins adhering in part to the upper lip; stamens
almost reaching the tip of the upper lip, 5 cm long;
anthers 6.5 mm long, adhering at tip, dorsally pubescent;
filaments glabrous; style about 5.5 cm
long, glabrous; capsules not seen.
TYPE.-O. Haught 3945 (holotype US), Colombia,
Magdalena, near stream in forest above Manaure,
800 m alt, 16 Jan 1944.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia at elevations
above 800 meters, in the departments of Magdalena,
Santander, Cundinamarca, and Tolima. COLOMBIA.
SANTANDER: Santa Barbara, Ju1 1879, Kalbreyer
794 (K). CUNDINAMARCA: Around Guaduas,
Hartweg 1267 (K, syntype of A. pectinata Willdenow
ex Nees); Aug 1852, Triana 267 (COL, NY);
1100 m alt, Jun 1952, Uribe 2337 (US); 1000 m
alt, 10 Mar 1964, Velez ri7 Murillo 226 (COL); E of
Guaduas, between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara,
1040-1320 m alt, 3 Nov 1945, Garcia-Barriga 11727
(US); 24 Ju1 1947, Garcia-Barriga 12323 (US);
above San Juan de Rioseco, 1700 m alt, 18 Jun
1956, Uribe 2787 (COL). TOLIMA: Between El
Libano and Murillo, Alto de Pebones, 2200-2950
m alt, 20 Jul 1947, Garcia-Barriga 12268 (US).
WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. 1760-1808, Mutis 1489
(US).
44. Aphelandra hylaea Leonard
Aphelandra hylaea Leonard, Wrightia 2: 146. 1961.
Shrub 1-2 m high: stems terete, glabrous or the
upper portion strigose; leaves mostly spreading,
the blades rather narrowly elliptic or ovatelanceolate,
13-15 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, acute
or subacuminate, the tip obtuse or rounded, cuneate
at base, usually narrowly so, rather firm,
entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs),
these sparingly strigose; petioles 5-15 mm long,
the channels strigose, glabrous below; spikes dense,
solitary and terminal or several, then terminal and
subterminal, to 14 cm long and 4 cm broad, the
rachis hirsute; bracts purplish, erect, imbricate,
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
rhombic-ovate, 21-27 mm long, 8-11 mm wide at
middle to a base 3 mm wide, the costa and 3 pairs
of lateral nerves rather prominent, the veinlets
coarsely reticulate, the marginal veinlets terminating
in a series of spikelike teeth to 3.5 mm long,
the teeth ending about 8 mm below the tip of the
bract, the outer surface of the bracts puberulous,
the inner surface glabrous or puberulous at tip and
margins, the ocelli minute, forming an oval, depressed
area about 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide,
darker than the surrounding surface of the bract;
bractlets narrowly triangular, 10 mm long, gradually
narrowed from base to a slender subulate tip,
2.5 mm wide at base, carinate, the margins thin,
rather sparingly hirtellous; calyx 14 mm long, the
posterior segment 3 mm wide, the anterior segments
1.75 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm
wide, all lanceolate, striate-nerved, glabrous or
bearing a few rigid ascending hairs; corolla erect
or ascending, 5.3 cm long from base to tip of upper
lip, red, glabrous below, sparingly puberulous
above, the tube 2 mm wide at base, enlarged gradually
to 5 mm at tip, the upper lip erect, narrowly
ovate, acute, 17 mm long, about 8 mm wide, the
lower lip spreading, 15 mm long, 3-lobed, the
lobes divided nearly to base, oblanceolate, about
4 mm wide, acute; stamens reaching to within 3
mm of the tip of the upper corolla lip and partly
enfolded by it; anthers oblong, 5.5 mm long, 1.25
mm broad, glabrous; filaments glabrous; ovary
glabrous.
TYPE.-Kjetl won Sneidern 1370 (holotype S,
US photo 5380), Colombia, Caqueta, Morelia, 150
m alt, 26 Nov 1941.
DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador,
and Brazil, COLOMBIA. META: Guapayita, Cordillera
La Macarena, 500-600 m alt, 20-28 Dec
1950, Idrobo 6. Schultes 840 (US); Boca del Cad0
Cabra, junction of Cano Cabra and Rio Guayabero,
23 Feb 1969, Pinto 6 Sastre 991 (COL, P). VAUPES:
Along the Rio Guaviare, at San Jose del Guaviare,
240 m alt, 5 Nov 1939, Cuutrecusus 7456 (US).
PUTUMAYO: Quebrada de Sipenae, left side of the
Rio San Miguel, 400 m alt, 12 Dec 1940, Cuatrecasas
11007 (US); around Macao, between river
locally called Rio Rumiyaco and Filo de Barniz,
1200-1500 m alt, 8-9 Oct 1959, Barclay (1. Juajibioy
9439 (US); Macoa, path to Rio Rumiyaco, 700-
850 m alt, 10 Oct 1965, Garcia-Barriga, Hashimoto,
& Ishikuwa 18688 (COL, US). ECUADOR. NAPO
PASTAZA: Rio Napo, Yuralpa, riverside, 4-19 Dec
1958, Hurling 3614 (S); between Tena and Archi.
dona, 2 Oct 1939, Asplund 8976 (S); Cerro Antisana,
3 m SW of Tena, 600 m alt, 27 Aug 1960,
Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington & Whitmore 1478 (K,
NY). BRAZIL. AMAZONAS: Codajas, 22 Aug 1950,
Froes 26345 (IAN). ACRE: Serinopal, Rio S%o
Francisco, Mar 1911, Ule 9806 (K, F photo 8664).
Leonard (1961, 2: 148) states that Aphelandra
hy2aea is related to A. impressa and even more
closely to A. lamprantha Leonard. All three species
agree in having the glandular area of the bracts
made up of numerous minute ocelli. Aphelandra
impressa is characterized by the long, slender recurved
tips of the bracts and by the long erectascending
leaves (up to 28 cm). The bracts of A.
lamprantha and A. hyluea are erect and merely
acute at tip and very similar, differing mostly in
their width, 8-11 mm wide in A. hylaea and 6 mm
wide in A. lamprantha. The leaves of A. lamprantha
are close to those of A. impressa but narrower
and like it, strongly ascending. The leaves of A.
hylaea, on the other hand, are more or less spreading
and short-petioled.
45. Aphelandra chamissoniana Nees
FIGURE 28
Aphelandra chamissoniana Nees, in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:90,
1847, in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:299. 1847; Bot. Mag. 108,
pl. 6627. 1882.--Semaine Hort. 323. 1898.--TVasshausen and
Smith, F1. Ilustr. Catar. 1. Fasc. ACAN: 73. 1969.
Aphelandra punctata Hort. Bull. Cat. 184:25. 1882.
Aphelandra chamissoniana Nees var. paranaensis Rizzini,
Dusenia 3:191. 1952.
Shrub or suffrutescent herb to 2 m high; stems
delicate, glabrous or the tip sparingly pilosulous;
leaf blades oblanceolate, 15-18 cm long, 3-4.5 cm
wide, acuminate, slenderly cuneate at base and
decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins (7-8 pairs),
these sparingly puberulent with curved hairs, the
costa and lateral veins of the upper surface often
bordered somewhat yellow; petioles (unwinged
portion) about 1 cm long, glabrous; flowers borne
in terminal (rarely axillary), sessile spikes, these
5-12 cm long (without flowers), about 3 cm wide,
oval in outline, the rachis glabrous, the bracts
imbricate or spreading with age; bracts oval, 2.2-3
NUMBER 18 49
cm long, 1.1-1.5 cm wide, yellow, conduplicate,
long-cuspidate, cuneate at base, membranaceous,
glabrous to puberulous, bearing 4-6 serrulate teeth
on either side between the middle and base of
cusp, to 2 mm long; bractlets lanceolate, 5-9 mm
long, 1.5-2 mm wide near base, carinate, acuminate,
subhyaline, finely striate-nerved, glabrous, the margins
roughened; calyx 8-11 mm long, the segments
subequal, lanceolate, subhyaline, finely striatenerved,
minutely puberulous, the posterior segment
8 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, acute, the anterior pair
10 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 11 mm
long, 1 mm wide, both anterior and lateral segments
acute, ending in a stiff bristlelike awn;
corolla 4.5-5.5 cm long, yellow, orange or red,
glabrous, the tube curved, 3 mm wide at base, 2
mm wide at 5 mm above base, the throat obconic,
6 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, obovate,
9-15 mm long, 8 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 4-6
mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, more or less acute, the
lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes equal, oblong, 7-15 mm
long, 4 mm wide, acute; stamens as long as or
slightly exceeding the upper lip; anthers 5 mm
long, dorsally lanate; filaments flat, glabrous; capsule
dark brown, shining, narrowly clavate, about
17 mm long and 3 mm wide, glabrous; seeds
smooth, obliquely ovoid, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide,
dark brown, wrinkled.
TYPE.-Chamisso s.n. (holotype LE ), Brazil,
Santa Catarina, Island of Santa Catarina.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Southern coastal Brazil, in the
states of S5o Paulo, ParanA, and Santa Catarina.
BRAZIL. Go PAULO: Iporanga, Ju1 1886, Puiggary
3.042 (P). PARANA: Morretes, Picada Engo. Lange
to EstaqiTo Marumbi, 20 Mar 1947, Hatschbach
662 (US); ParanguP, Sitio do Meio, 29 Apr 1951,
Hatschbach 2251 (RB, holotype of A. chamissoniana
var. paranuensis Rizzini); Porto de Cima,
200 m alt, 24 Jun 1914, Duse'n 589a (GH, S ) ; S.
Jose dos Pinhaes, Pedra Branca de Araraquara, 25
May 1947, Hatschbach 749 (US); Guaratuba, Divisa,
18 Jan 1970, Hatschbach 23361 (US); Guaratuba,
Serra de Aracatuba, 950 m alt, 10 Mar 1959,
Hatschbach 5520 (US); Guaratuba, Serra de Araraquara,
25 Jun 1968, Hatschbach 19424 (US); Guaratuba,
Alto da Serra, 26 Ju1 1960, Duarte 5353 (RB,
US). SANTA CATARINA: Biguaqu, mata de fachinal,
600 m, 16 Dec 1945, Reitz C-990 (HBR, US); Blumenau,
Morro Spitzkopf, 350 m, 23 Apr 1953, Reitz
Q Klein 542 (HBR, US); Blumenau, Jan 1888,
Ule s.n. (HBG); Born Retiro, Mata da Companhia
Hering, 400 m, 5 Feb 1960, Reitz 6. Klein 4.158
(HBR); Bom Retiro, Mata da Companhia Hering,
capoeirao, 250 m, 5 Ju1 1960, Reitz 6- Klein 4.165
(HBR, US); Brusque, capoeira e mata, 40 m, 30
Jun 1949, Reitz 2.996 (HBR, US); Mata do Hoffmann,
capoeirao, 50 m, 10 Oct 1949, Reitz 3.093
(HBR, US); Ribeirao do Ouro, mata, 600 m alt,
8 May 1950, Reitz 3.544, 3.546 (HBR, US); Mato
do Hoffmann, capoeira, 40 m alt, 18 Aug 1953, Klein
577 (HBR); Corupa, correa, mata, 600 m alt, 13
Jan 1958, Reitz 6 Klein 6.194 (HBR, US); Florianopolis,
St. Catherine, Nadeaud s.n. (P); Ile Ste.
Catherine, Guadichaud s.n. (P); Ilha de S. Catarina,
22 Jan 1951, Reitz 3.708b (HBR, US); Ilha de S.
Catarina, Naufragados, mata, 20 m alt, 14 Dec 1951,
Reitz 4.253, 4.364 (HBR, US); Morro do Ribeirzo,
mata, 400 m, 20 Dec 1966, KZein 6.977 (HBR, US);
Morro do Ribeirao, mata, 450 m alt, 16 Jan 1967,
Klein 7.079 (HBR, US); Ibirama, Horto Florestal
I.N.P., mata, 700 m alt, 18 May 1956, Klein 1.980
(HBR, US); Ilhota, Morro do Bau, mata, 700 m
alt, 29 Jun 1948, Reitz 2.044 (HBR, US); Itajai,
Morro da Facenda, mata, 50 m alt, 17 Mar 1954,
Klein 711 (HBR); Morro da Fazenda, mata, 50 m
alt, 2 Ju1 1954, Reitz 6 Klein 1929 (HBR); Morro
da Ressacada, mata, 300 m alt, 31 Mar 1955, Klein
1.237 (HBR, US); em mata, Itajai, Apr 1886, UZP
s.n. (HBG) ; Lauro Mueller-Urucanga, Pinhal da
Companhia, mata de pinhal, 300 m alt, 14 Ju1
1958, Reitz 6 Klein 6.788, ibidem, pinhal, 300 m
alt, 17 Dec 1958, Reitz G Klein 4.089 (HBR, US);
Luis Alves, ` Serafin, mata virgem, 100 m alt,
22 Jan 1948, Reitz 2.010 (HBR); Palhoca, mata,
Piloes, 50-700 m alt, 14 Mar 1952, L. B. Smith 6210
(HBR, US); Piloes, mata, 200 m alt, 19 Jan 1956,
Reitz 6- Klein 2.424 (HBR, US); Piloes, mata, 350
m alt, 23 Feb 1956, Reitz Q Klein 2755 (HBR);
Piloes, mata, 250 m alt, 9 Ju1 1956, Reitz 6 Klein
3.391 (HBR); Reserva Forestal dos Piloes, 250 m
alt, 30 Nov 1950, Duarte Q Falcao 3189a (RB, US);
Taio, 400 m alt, May 1962, Marchiori 6 (HBR);
Garuva, Tres Barras, mata, 50 m alt, 25 May 1951,
Reitz 6 KZein 3.980 (HBR); mata, 100 m alt, 22
Jun 1957, Reitz .L- Klein 4.487 (HBR); mata, 200
m alt, 17 Apr 1958, Reitz (1- Klein 6.694 (HBR,
US); Vidal Ramos, Sabia mata, 750 m alt, 15 Jun
1957, Reitz Q Klein 4.357 (HBR, US); Apr 1869,
50 ShlITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Mueller 316 (K). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Herb.
Hort. Kew, Aug 1889 (K); Palm House 1887 (K);
Oct 1889, Sir G. Macleay's Garden (K).
LOCAL NAME.-BAlsamo-de-Chamisso.
Nicholson (1900:60) states that A. chamissoniana
is the correct name for A. fiunctata Hort. Bull. Cat.
46. Aphelandra ornata (Nees) T. Anderson
Aphelandra ornata (Nees) T. Anderson, Journ. Bot. 2:289.
1864.-Morren in Belg. Hort. 15:33. 1965 [pro basionym,
non sensu Anderson],
Stenandriuni venatum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:79. 1847
[errore typographic0 loco ornatum], in de Candolle, Prodr.
11:291. 1847.
Lagochilium ornatum (Nees) Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
291. 1847.
Aphelandra ornata (Nees) Lindau in Engler and Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 3b:322. 1895.
Aphelandra venom Wasshausen & Smith in Reitz, F1. Ilustr.
Cam. 1, Fax. ACAN: 76. 1969.
Small decumbent herb or shrub, the reclining
portion rooting, the erect portion to 50 cm high;
stem subquadrangular, the upper portion strigose,
the hairs about 0.75 mm long, yellowish, the lower
portion glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 5-9
cm long and 2-3.5 cm wide, obtusely acute, gradually
narrowed at base, entire or faintly undulate,
firm, both surfaces glabrous except the costa and
lateral veins (7-9 pairs), these strigose, the costa
and veins of the upper surface bordered with a
narrow band of yellow, the lower surface green
but lighter than the upper; petioles to 2 cm long,
strigose; flowers borne in 1-3 terminal, sessile
spikes, these 3-4 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide (without
flowers), the bracts closely appressed, the rachis
glabrous; bracts ovate, conduplicate, slightly recurved,
15-20 mm long, 12-15 mm wide, mucronulate,
cuneate at base, the costa and margins sparingly
ciliate, otherwise glabrous, serrate-dentate,
the teeth (6-14 on each side) triangular, sharply
pointed, about 0.5 mm long, reticulate-nerved,
green or whitish; bractlets small, lanceolate, 2-3
mm long, 0.5 mm wide just below the middle,
acute, striate-nerved, subhaline, ciliate; calyx 5-7
mm long, the segments subequal, lanceolate, striatenerved,
subhyaline, ciliolate, the posterior segment
1.5 mm wide, acute, ending in a stiff bristlelike
awn, the anterior pair slightly narrower, the lateral
pair 1 mm wide, both anterior and lateral
pairs aristate; corolla yellow, 3 cm long, sparingly
glandular pilosulous, 2 mm wide at base, the tube
narrow, 1.5 cm long, the throat obconical, 6 mm
wide at mouth, the upper lip obovate, 8 mm long
and 7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 3 mm long, 3.5
mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 8 mm long, 7.5
mm wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes elliptic, 9 mm
long, 5 mm wide, obtuse; stamens included, barely
exceeding the mouth of the corolla; anthers 3 mm
long, acute, rounded at base, glabrous; filaments
epipetalous, flattened, glabrous; ovary sparsely pubescent;
mature capsule not seen.
TYm-SeIlow s.n. (holotype B, destroyed),
Brazil.
DIsTRIBvTIoN.-~oUtheaStern coastal Brazil, in
the states of Sao Paulo, Parana, and Santa Catarina.
BRAZIL.SAO PAULO: Santos, Sororocaba, 20
Feb 1875, Mosen 3200 (S); 1 Feb 1875, Mosen 3201
(S); Santos, hill at beach, 19 Jan 1913, Brade 6048
(S); Piassaguera (Santos), mata, May 1913, Toledo
s.n. (RB); Santos, Sororocaba, 18 Ju1 1901, Hemmendor0
480 (S). PARANA: Antonina, Estr. Cacatu-
Serra Negra, 23 Mar 1966, Hatschbach 14115 (K,
US); Serra do Mar, Porto de Cima, 12 Sep 1910,
DusPn 10261 (S); Serra do Mar, Porto de Cima,
2 Jan 1914, Dusen 14306 (GH); Porto de Cima, 17
Mar 1914, Jonsson 52a (K, LE, US); Jacarei 11
Aug. 1915, Dusen 17112 (GH); Paranagua,Serra
da Prata, 150 m alt, 26 Dec 1962, Hatschbach 9620
(US); Serra da Prata, 5 Mar 1911, Dusen 11478
(S); Serra da Prata, 20 Ju1 1914, Dusen 15304 (S);
Serra da Prata, 100 m alt, 4 Dec 1909, Dusen 8631
(S). SANTA CATARINA: Sao Francisco do Sul, mata,
Porto das Canoas, 2 m alt, 21 Feb 1952, Smith 6
Reitz 5718 (US); in humid places, Sao Francisco.
Mar 1885, UZe 324 (HBG).
LOCAL NAME.-Ralsamo-de-lista.
47. Aphelandra sulphurea Hooker
Aphelandra sulphurea Hooker, Bot. Mag. 98, t. 5951. 1872.
Aphelandra herthae Mildbraed. Notizbl. Bot. Gard. Berlin
14:40. 1938.
Erect herb to 40 cm high; stems stout, glabrous,
terete, sparingly branched; leaf blades broadly elliptic
to elliptic-ovate, 15-23 cm long and 7-10 cm
wide, abruptly acuminate, cuneate at base, the
margins subentire or shallowly repand, the lateral
nerves (12-14 pairs) inserted at a rather open
NUMBER 18 51
angle on the broad, flat costa, at first suberect, then
becoming curved as ascending toward the margin,
the upper surface bright green and glossy, the lower
surface much paler green, sometimes violet-purple,
both surfaces glabrous; petioles short, firm, 1.2-2
cm long; flowers borne in a solitary, terminal, subsessile
spike to 21 cm long and 15 mm wide (without
corollas), surrounded at base by 2 small sessile,
appressed leaves, these shorter than the bracts;
bracts imbricate, green, elliptic-oblong, 30-32 mm
long, 8.5-10 mm wide, acute, the veins prominent,
the nerves excurrent, denticulate and covered
with small inconspicuous subsessile glands; bractlets
lance-subulate, 4-5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide,
subhyaline, the margins ciliolate; calyx segments
chaffy, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, puberulous,
distinctly callose at base, the posterior segment 11
mm long, 2.25 mm wide, apically irregularly 2- or
%toothed, the remaining segments subequal, the
anterior pair 10.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, longacuminate,
the lateral pair 1 mm wide, otherwise
similar to the anterior pair; corolla yellow, puberulent
without, the tube 4 cm long, narrowly tubular,
erect, scarcely enlarged, about 4 mm wide at base,
5 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, about
2 cm long, cymbiform-complicate, about 1 cm wide,
subacuate, the lower lip spreading with three
nearly equal lobes, the middle lobe 2 cm long, 1
cm wide, apically obtuse, the lateral lobes similar,
about 17 mm long and 6 mm wide; anthers nearly
5 mm long; filaments provided with long slender
hairs on one side; ovary about 4 mm long, scarcely
1 mm thick, apically acute and minutely pubescent;
style glabrous, long-attenuate; mature capsule not
seen.
TYPE.-Ho~~ Veitch (holotype K ?); typification
is on the basis of the description and plate, especially
the latter.
DrsTRIsuTIoN.-Originally, this species was supposedly
introduced by Messr. Veitch from Guayaquil,
Ecuador. More recently, however, it has been
collected in eastern Ecuador in the provinces of
Napo-Pastaza and Zamora-Chinchepe. ECUADOR.
NAPO-PAsTAZA: Mera, 21 Apr 1940, Lug0 218 (s);
2 km N of Shell-Mera, 1050 m alt, 6 Tun 1968,
Holm-Nielsen (i. Jeppesen 349 (AAU, US); Cerro
Antisana, Talag near Rio Napo, 600 m alt, 7 Dec
1960, Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington, & Whitmore 148
( K , NY). ZAMORA-CHINCHEPE: Patuca, 600 m alt,
13 Jun 1947, Hurling 1142 ( S ) .
The type of A. herthae was deposited in the Berlin
herbarium. As far as I could ascertain, no duplicate
specimens of the Hertha Schultze-Rhonhof
collections were distributed. From the descriptions,
A. herthae should be a synonym of A. sulphurea.
48. Aphelandra nemoralis Nees
FIGURE 3
Aphelandra nemoralis Nees in Martius. F1. Bras. 9:90. pl. 11.
Aphelandra edmundoana Rizzini, .4rquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de
Aphelandra edmundoana Rizzini var. monocephala Rizzini,
Aphelandra crenatifolia Rizzini, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de
1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:299. 1847.
Janeiro 8:326. 1948.
Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 8:327. 1948.
Janeiro 8:327. 1948.
Erect, sufiutescent shrub; stem terete, 0.5-1 m
high, glabrous, the bark white, tuberculate; leaf
blades oblong, 15-20 cm long, the lower about 6
cm wide, the upper 4-5 cm wide, acuminate, the
tip rounded, narrowed at base and decurrent on
the petiole, rather firm, glabrous and deep green
above, the margins somewhat crenate and undulate,
rarely entire, the lower surface drying a lighter
green, glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (7-9
pairs) conspicuous beneath, arcuate, glabrous;
petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5-2 cm long, canaliculate,
glabrous, drying brownish; flowers borne
on 1-5 subterminal (rarely axillary), peduncled
spikes, these 5-9 cm long, 2 cm wide (without
flowers), the peduncle 2-5.5 cm long, canaliculate,
glabrous, the bracts imbricate, not sufficiently
spreading with age; bracts yellow, elliptic to ovate,
15-23 mm long, 8-12 mm wide just below the middle,
acute, slightly narrowed and cuneate at base,
membranaceous, distinctly 5-nerved, glabrous and
glandular puncticulate without, the margins with
2-3 denticulate teeth on each side, these 0.5 mm
long; bractlets lance-subulate, 6-8 mm long, 1-1.5
mm wide, subulate-acuminate, striate-nerved, subhyaline,
sparingly glandular puncticulate without;
calyx 9-13 mm long, the segments slenderly lanceolate,
subequal, striate-nerved, subhyaline, setaceousacuminate,
glabrous and sparingly glandular
puncticulate, the posterior segment 2 mm wide
near the middle, somewhat shorter than the other
segments, the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral
pair 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, 3.5-5 cm long,
well exserted beyond the subtending bracts, gla52
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
brous to sparingly glandular-pilosulous, the limbs
puberulous, the tube slightly curved 3-3.5 cm long,
4 mm wide at base, narrowed to 2 mm wide at 7
mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 8
mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong,
6-8 mm long and 4-6 mm wide, bifid, the lobes
3 mm long and 2-3 mni wide, mucronulate, the
lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle
lobe ovate, 6-7 mm long, 6 mm wide, acute, the
lateral lobes oblong, 6-7 mm long, 2-4 mm wide,
acute, spreading; stamens almost equaling the
lobes of the upper lip; filaments flattened, puberulous
near top; anthers 5-6 mm long, muticous at
both apex and base, dorsally puberulous; style
included, filiform, apically moderately puberulous;
stigma dot-like; capsule glabrous, provided with
aborted style, 7 mm long.
TYPE.--Mu~~~us s.n. (holotype M ), Brazil,
Guanabara, in the wooded mountains of Corcovado,
Aug.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-??ound in woods in the states of
Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara. BRAZIL. RIO DE
JANEIRO: Serra dos Orgaos-Barreira, 28 May 1946,
Pereira 516 (RB, holotype of A. edmondoana Rizzini,
isotype K); Serra dos Orgaos-Barreira, 4 Apr
1956, Pereira 1956 (RB, US); Barreira de Terezopolis,
Ju1 1961, Duarte 5733 (RB); Therezopolis, Apr
1918, Frusao 8619 (RB); Xerem, Duarte s.n. (RB);
Serra do Tingua, 13 May 1943, Guerra 95- Octavio
s.n. (RB, no 48086, holotype of A . crenatifolia Rizzini);
Tingua, 29 Jun 1948, Occhioni 1112 (RB);
Santa Maria Madalena, Tamboril, 22 Mar 1955,
Pereira 1281 (RB, US); near base of “Dedo de
Deus” mountain, 13 Ju1 1948, Rizzini 31? (RR,
holotype of A. edmundoana var. monocephala Rizzini).
49. Aphelandra phrynioides Lindau
Aphelandm fihrynioides Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 4:
326. 1904.
Plant small herb; stems almost absent or extremely
short; leaves numerous from base; leaf
blades oblanceolate, about 25 cm long, 5-8 cm
wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole for about 15-18 cm, 3-4
mm wide near base, the upper surface glabrate,
the lower surface pubescent, the margins entire,
ciliolate; petioles (unwinged portion) 4-6 cm long,
pubescent; flowers borne in 1 or 2 axillary spikes
arising at the base of the plant, these surpassed by
the leaf blades by 15-18 cm, the peduncle 3-6 cm
long, densely pubescent; bracts imbricate, broadly
lanceolate, 22-23 mm long, 8 mm wide, acuminate,
mucronulate, cuneate at base, densely sericeous,
the margin with about 6 pair of serrulate teeth;
bractlets linear, 6-7 mm long, 0.5 mm wide,
glandular-pilose; calyx 11 mm long, the segments
lanceolate, finely striate-nerved, glandular pilose,
the posterior segment 2 mm wide, the anterior pair
1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, all narrowed
and aristate; corolla yellow, about 4 cm
long, glandular-pilose, the tube cylindric, 20 mm
long, 2 mm diameter, thence abruptly enlarged
and campanulate, 11 mm long, 8 mm in diameter
at mouth, the upper lip obovate, 8 mm long and
7 mm wide, bilobed, the lobes 2 mm long and 2
mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal,
the middle lobe obovate, 10 mm long, 7 mm
wide, rounded, the lateral lobes oblong, 9 mm
long, 4 mm wide, obtuse; anthers 4 mm long, apiculate,
apically and dorsally puberulent; filaments
epipetalous, puberulent; pollen grains 7Op-85p
long, 38p-461.1 diameter, typical; ovary 2.5 cm
high, disc small; style, 34 mm long, puberulous;
mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Luschnath s.n. (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8712, isotype BR), Brazil, Bahia, Ilheos,
wet woods and along stream banks, 23 Sep 1836.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
According to Lindau: “This species deviates
from all other known species of Aphelandra because
of its unique habitat. The short, compact
stem probably possesses rhizomes from which the
thick, unbranched secondary roots are formed.
The long decurrent and numerous leaf blades by
far exceed the stem and the flowering spike. The
flowers do not possess the long, pointed corolla
lobes that are so common in most of the other
species and perhaps this characteristic could be
used to initiate a new section with this its only
species. The flood plain locality should have been
sufficient motivation to cultivate this species.”
This species, I believe, had indeed been introduced
into cultivation. Anderson (1864:289) describes
and illustrates a plant called Aphelandra
ornata T. Anderson that had been introduced
into the Belgian gardens in 1858, from Bahia,
NUMBER 18 53
Brazil, by Porte. This plant, misidentified by
Anderson, is Lindau’s Aphelandra phrynioides.
SO. Aphelandra ignea
(Schrader) Nees ex Steudel
FIGURE 38
Aphelandra ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel, Nom. ed. 2,
Synandra ignea Schrader, Maxim. Princ. Videns. It. 2:343.
Synandra amoena Schrader, Goett. Gel. Anz. 1:715. 1821.-
Stenandrium igneum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:78. 1847.
Lagochilium igneum Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:292. 1847.
Aphelandra pumila J. D. Hooker, Bot. Mag. 105, pl. 6467.
Aphelandra pumila J. D. Hooker var. splendens Regel, Gar-
1:111. 1840.
1821.
Steudel in Nom. ed. 2, 1:111. 1840.
1879.
tenfl. 32:l. 1883.
A low decumbent herb; stems dichotomously
branched, almost absent or extremely short, about 4
mm in diameter, densely pilose, each branch
tipped by a spike and bearing two leaves; leaf
blades elliptic-ovate, 10-12 cm long and 4.5-7 cm
wide, rather gradually narrowed to an obtuse tip,
cordate to subcordate at base, the lower leaves
smaller and more densely cordate, firm, entire or
undulate, the upper surface sparingly to densely
pilose, the costa and lateral veins (7-9 pairs) conspicuous,
arcuate, the lower surface drying a
lighter reddish brown than the upper, moderately
pilose, especially the costa and lateral veins;
petioles 2-7 cm long, densely hirsute; flowers borne
in 1 or 2 simple, terminal spikes, these 3.5-5 cm
long, the peduncles as long as the spike, hirsutulous;
bracts obovate-cuneate, 15-18 mm long, 6-10
mm wide above the middle, acuminate, mucronulate,
narrowed at base, firm, nerved, glabrous to
sparingly hirsute, the margins spinulose-serrate
toward the tip, with 5-7 teeth on each side, sparingly
ciliolate; bractlets linear, 4 mm long, 0.6 mm
wide, subhyaline, mucronulate, ciliate: calyx 8-10
mm long, the posterior segment oblong-lanceolate,
2 mm wide, 3-lobed with excurrent midnerve, the
anterior pair lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, acuminate,
mucronulate, the lateral pair linear, 1 mm wide,
slenderly acuminate, mucronulate, all segments
subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous, ciliolate; corolla
3 cm long, glabrous to sparingly puberulent,
bright yellow, the tube cylindric, 2 mm broad at
base, the upper narrowly ampliate, about 5 mm
broad at mouth, the corolla lips oval, the upper
lip erect, about 5 mm long and 5 mm wide, entire,
rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe
broadest, 7 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, rounded, the
two lateral lobes 5.5 mm long, 4.5 mm wide,
rounded, the margins all undulate; stamens barely
exceeding the mouth of the corolla tube; filaments
glabrous; anthers hirsute, 2.5 mm long, apiculate
at both apex and base,
TYPE.-Maximilian Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied s.n.
(holotype BR), Brazil, in woods, Jan 1817.
CERAIS: Universidade Rural do Estado de Minas
Gerais, Viqosa, 3937 (US). WITHOUT EXACT Lo-
CALITY. Horto bot. Petropolitano, May 1880 (LE);
1876-77, cultivated by Bull s.n. (K, holotype of
A. pumila Hooker).
DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Southern Brazil. BRAZIL. MINAS
51. Aphelandra obtusifolia
(Nees) Wasshausen, new combination
Stenandrium obtusifolium Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:78.
1847.
Lagochilium obtusifolium Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:291.
1847.
Erect, shrubby plant 30-45 cm high; stem about
15 cm long, densely red-strigose-subtomentose toward
tip; leaf blades narrowly ovate, 10-11 cm
long, 4-5 cm wide, acute to obtuse, narrowed at
base, somewhat narrowly decurrent on the petiole,
thin, repand, the margins ciliate, the upper surface
glabrous except the costa and lateral veins (8-10
pairs ), these inconspicuous, arcuate, puberulous,
the lower surface drying a lighter green than the
upper, glabrous to sparingly puberulous, especially
the costa and lateral veins; petioles 4-4.5 cm
long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem;
flowers borne in 1-3 terminal spikes, these 5-7.5 cm
long, 2.5 cm wide (without corollas), the peduncle
1-2 cm long, densely red-strigose-subtomentose,
the bracts closely imbricate, the spike supported
by a pair of smaller leaves; bracts obovate, to 18
mm long, 14 mm wide just below the apex, purplish,
reticulately veined, obtuse, the tip acuminate,
cuneate at base, glabrate to sparingly pilose
without, the margins spinulose-serrate toward apex
with about 7 pairs of dentate teeth, ciliolate; bractlets
lanceolate, 1 cm long, 0.5 mm wide, aristate,
subhyaline, striate-nerved, somewhat sericeous;
54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
calyx 1.3 cm long, the segments lanceolate, striatenerved,
inconspicuously puberulous, aristateacuminate,
the posterior segment 2 mm wide near
base, the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral
pair 1 mm wide; corolla red, about 3 cm long,
glabrous or the tube sparingly glandular-pilosulous,
the tube cylindric, 15 mm long, 3 mm wide at base
then narrowed to 1.5 mm, thence abruptly enlarged
and infundibular, 5 mm long, 7 mm in
diameter at mouth, the upper lip obovate, 10 mm
long and 7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 3 mm long
and 3 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal,
the middle lobe obovate, 8 mm long, 6.5
mm wide, slightly retuse, the lateral lobes elliptic,
8 mm long, 5 mm wide, obtuse; anthers 3 mm long,
apiculate, apically and dorsally hirsute; filaments
epipetalous, moderately hirsute; mature capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-Schott 6033 (holotype W), Brazil, Rio
de Janeiro, Prov. Sebastianopolis, Serra de Macacu.
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality.
52. Aphelandra tridentata Hemsley
Aphelandra tridentata Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
513. 1882.-Leonard. Field Mus. Bot. 18:lZOO. 1938.
Shrubs, to 2 m high; the young stems unbranched,
dark green, densely villous; leaf blades oblong
ovate to elliptic, to 30 cm long and 8 cm wide,
acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, entire, thin, the upper surface glabrate,
dark green, the lower somewhat paler, sparingly
hirsute or the costa and lateral nerves (10-15 pairs)
densely so; petioles slender, to 4 cm long, moderately
pilose; flowers borne in terminal, solitary
spikes, to 10 cm long and 3 cin in diameter, the
rachis densely sericeous; bracts oblong-lanceolate
3.5-5 cm long, 7-10 nim wide (the uppermost often
much smaller), acuminate, ascending, 3-nerved,
moderately sericeous without, less conspicuously
so within, bearing 1 to several subulate teeth on
each side, these to 3 mm long; bractlets linear,
10-15 mm long, about 2 mm wide near base, gradually
narrowed to a slender tip, carinate, densely
sericeous without, glabrous within, the costa prominent;
calyx scarlet, the segments subequal, striatenerved,
glabrous to puberulent without, glabrous
within, the posterior segment lanceolate, about 13
mm long and 3.5 mm wide, gradually narrowed
to a slender tip, the anterior pair narrowly lanceolate,
11-12 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, slenderly
acuminate, the lateral pair narrowly lanceolate,
10-11 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, long slenderly
acuminate, all glabrous to sparingly puberulent
at the apex; corolla 5-6.5 cm long, bright red,
sparingly sericeous, the tube lemon-yellow and 4
mm wide at base, narrowed to 2 mm at 5 mm
above base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm at
mouth, the lips 2.5 cm long, the upper lip erect,
elliptic, 25 mm long, 8 mm wide, 2-lobed, the lobes
deltoid, about 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide at base,
the lower lip spreading, recurved, entire, 25 mm
long, 9 mm wide; stamens scarcely exserted, pale
lemon yellow; filaments glabrous above, pilosulous
below; anthers brown, about 6 mm long; ovary 5
mm long, glabrous; capsule oblong, 16 mm long,
about 6 mm broad, blunt, glabrous, puncticulate,
shining; seeds dark brown, flat, about 4 mm long
and 3 mm wide, pilosulous.
TYm-Endres 236 pro parte (holotype K), Costa
Rica, without definite locality.
DISTRIBUTION.-coSta Rica, within Pacific cloud
forest zone. COSTA RICA. CUANACASTE: Los Ayotes,
near Tilaran, 600-700 m alt, 21 Jan 1926, Standley
Q Valerio 45453 (US); Quebrada Serena, SE of
Tilarin, 700 m alt, 27 Jan 1926, Standley Q Valerio
46138, 46203 (US). ALAJUELA: Zarcero, 1350 m
alt, 22 Sep 1937, Austin Smith A 445 (F, US);
Alfaro Ruiz, San Louis de Zarcero, 1525 m alt,
2 Nov 1939, Austin Smith P 1992 (us). sAN Josi:
La Hondura, 1300-1700 m alt, 2-4 Mar 1924,
Standley 36315 (US); Mountains E of San Jose,
17 Dec 1960, Palmer .s.n. (NY).
53. Aphelandra dunlapiana
Standley & L. 0. Williams
Aphelandra dunlapiana Standley & L. 0. Williams, Ceiba
1:164. 1950.
Shrub to 2 m high; stem sparingly branched,
terete, internodes short, minutely velutinous, becoming
densely so toward tip, the hairs tawny; leaf
blades oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, to
30 cm long and 6.5 cm wide, attenuate-acuminate,
narrowed at base and attenuate on the slender
petiole, entire, the upper surface drying dark
green, sparingly puberulous, the costa subimNUMBER
18
pressed, the lateral veins (usually 10-1 1 pairs)
slightly raised, less prominent than on the lower
surface, this drying light green or olive, densely
whitish to blackish glandular punctate, the costa
and the lateral veins pilose; petioles (unwinged
portion) 2-3 cm long, the pubescence similar to
that of the stem; inflorescence a dense, terminal,
solitary spike, to 12 cm long and 4-5 cm wide (excluding
corollas), sessile or short-pedunculate,
with numerous sessile or subsessile flowers; bracts
closely imbricate or spreading retrorsely with age,
narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, about 2 cm
long and 5-6 mm wide, acute and abruptly acuminate,
reddish in vivo, purplish when dry, densely
pilose, the tip itself glandular pilose, nerved, the
margin provided about midway with 1 pair of
spinescent-subulate teeth, these about 3 mm long;
bractlets none; calyx segments subequal, linear oblong,
3 mm wide, the anterior and lateral pairs 10
sparingly puberulent, the margins, especially toward
tip short-pilose, the posterior segment ll mm
long, 3 mm wide, the anterior and lateral pairs 10
mm long, 3 mm wide; corolla light red, 5.5-6 cm
long and 0.5 cm wide, glabrous to sparingly puberulous,
the tube 3.5 cm long, 0.7 cm wide at mouth,
the upper lip erect, oblong, 1.5 cm long, 0.5 cm
wide, 2-lobed, the lobes triangular, 0.5 mm long
and wide, the middle lobe of the lower lip obovate,
about 2 cm long, 7 mm wide, the lateral lobes
linear-subulate, about 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, all
rounded, sparingly pilose; stamens exserted about
1 cm beyond mouth of the corolla tube; the filaments
5.5 cm long, sparingly puberulous; the
anthers 7 mm long, glabrous, apiculate; the ovary
glabrous: mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-P. C. Standley 7618 (holotype F, isotypes
EAP, US), Honduras, Atlantida, vicinity of San
Alejo, at base of hills S of San Alejo near Rio San
Alejo, 150-270 m alt, 22-27 Apr 1947.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
54. Aphelandra aurantiaca
(Scheidweiler) Lindley
Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley, Bot. Reg. 31,
Hemisandra aurantiaca Scheidweiler, Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux-
Aphelandra sciophila Martius ex Nees in Martius, F1. Bras.
pl. 12. 1845.
elks 9:22. 1842.
9:91. 1847.-Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:299. 1847.
Aphelandra acutifolia Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:299.
1847.
Aphelandra bullata H. Wendland, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 19:30.
1863.
Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. roezlii
Van Houtte, F1. des Serres, ser. 2, 7, t. 1741, 1742. 1867-1868.
Aphelandra roezlei (Van Houtte), Carriere, Revue Horticole
44:lOO. 1872.
Aphelandra fascinator Linden & Andre, Ill. Hort. 21:42, pl.
164. 1874.
Aphelandra punctata Hortorum, Gard. Chron. 2:86. 1881:
Ill. Hort. 29, pl. 457. 1882.
Aphelandra simplex Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3:366. 1895.
Aphelandra paraensis Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 4:
Aphelandra uribei Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31: 162.
Aphelandra puberula Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
Aphelandra leiophylla Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:
Aphelandra nana Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:171.
Aphelandra sneidernii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
Aphelandra glichrochlamys Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat.
Aphelandra phalacra Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
324. 1904.
1953.
166. 1953.
169. 1953.
1953.
31:174. 1953.
Herb. 31:186. 1953.
712, 1958.
Herbaceous to suffrutescent plants; stems erect,
to 1.5 m high, glabrous to sparingly pilose, the
internodes 2-9 cm long; leaf blades oblong-ovate
to elliptic or lanceolate, the majority of them 8-25
cm long and 2.5-12 cm wide, acute to acuminate
or obtuse to subacute, cuneate or gradually to
abruptly narrowed at base and more or less decurrent
on the petiole, sometimes obliquely so, chartaceous
or thick and coriaceous, glabrous on both
surfaces or the costa and veins sometimes bearing
a few subappressed hairs, especially underneath,
the margins entire or undulate, sometimes thickened,
or coarsely sinuate-repand, the costa broad,
lateral veins (10-12 pairs) inconspicuous, arcuate,
the upper surface nitid often a brilliant polished
green, obscurely and rather coarsely reticulate,
minutely alveolate, the lower surface pale green,
whitish or purple to deep vinous purple, the
reticulation obscure; petioles to 10 cm long, glabrous;
flowers borne in simple terminal spikes to
15 cm long and 3 cm wide (excluding the corollas),
the rachis puberulous, the nodes flattened and
slightly excavate; bracts imbricate, oblonglanceolate,
to 3 cm long and 1 cm wide, acuminate, veiny,
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
densely puberulous, the margins ciliolate, serrate,
the teeth to 1.5 mm long; bractlets narrowly
lanceolate and acuminate; calyx about 1 cm
long, the posterior segment oblong, 3 mm wide,
acute, the lateral and anterior pairs linearlanceolate,
1.5 mm wide, the 5 segments and bractlets
striate-nerved and puberulous, the nerves
ending at the base of each segment in a callus
about 1 mm long; corollas 5-6 cm long, red, orange
or scarlet, sparingly puberulous, the upper lip
oblong-ovate, about 2 cm long and 1.2 cm wide
above the base, slightly obtuse and entire, the
lower lip spreading, the lobes elliptic-ovate, the
middle one to 2.5 cm long and 1.8 cm wide, obtuse,
the lateral ones similar but only about half as
large; capsules 1.6 cm long, sparingly puberulous;
seeds hispidulous.
Aphelandra aurantiaca is a variable species and
perhaps consists of a number of races or forms.
The Mexican and Central American specimens in
the U. S. National Herbarium have as a rule
smaller and more slenderly toothed bracts than do
the South American collections. The bracts of
some of the North American plants are in fact
practically pectinate. Red flowers seem to be more
prevalent than the orange ones.
54a. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley
var. aurantiaca
FIGURE 47
Leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, 8-20 cm
long and 2.5-12 cm wide, chartaceous, glabrous
or essentially so, sometimes bearing a few minute
white hairs on the veins, the margins entire or
undulate, the upper surface nitid, obscurely and
rather coarsely reticulate, the lower surface somewhat
whitish, the reticulation obscure.
TYPE.-Grown in the Jardin Botanique de
Bruxelles in the year 1839 from seeds procured
from Mexico.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-UsLially found in dense forest,
from Mexico to Bolivia. MEXICO. VERACRUZ: Valley
of Cordova, 1 Mar 1866, Bourgeau 1998 (FI, K,
P, US); Cordova, 1853, Mueller 2215 (W); 7 m
from Catamaco, between Catamaco and Zontecompan,
400 m alt, 11 Apr 1952, Moore Q Cetto 6256
(US); Catamaco, 9 Feb 1965, MacDougall s.n. (NY,
US); 5.7-6 m from Catamaco on road to Sontecomapan,
380 m alt, 27 Sep 1961, Moore & Bunting
8930 (US); Sontecomapan, 23 Dec 1968, Fernaindez,
Ramos 6 Cedi210 483 (US); Sierra de Tuxtla, 4 km
NE of Tapalapan, 480 m alt, 1 Sep 1962, Andrle
87 (US). OAXACA: Sierra San Pedro Nolasco,
Talea, Jurgensen 648 (K, syntype of A. acutifolia
Nees); Comaltepec, Liebmann s.n. (K); Lalana,
900 m alt, Oct 1840, Galeotti 946 (P, W). TABASCO:
Teapa, 1839, Linden 177 (K, P). CHIAPAS: Between
Tumbala & El Salto, 450-1350 m alt, 29 Oct
1895, Nelson 3377 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY:
Sesse Q Mocino 281 (MA, US photo 4564).
GUATEMALA. EL PETEN: San Luis, 4 Dec 1970,
Ortiz 1462 (F, US). HUEHUETENANGO: Between
Ixcan and Rio Ixcan, 150-200 m alt, 23 Ju1 1942,
Steyermark 49248 (US). ALTA VERAPAZ: Coban,
1350 m alt, Sep 1912, von Tuerckheim 3858 (US);
Cubilquitz, 350 m alt, Jan 1902, von Tuerckheim
8254 (US), Sep 1906, von Tuerckheim 11549 (W);
Rubeleruz, 180 m alt, Aug 1885, von Tuerckheim
674 (P, US); trail to Pazos, 18 Jan 1905, GolZ 215
(US); Finca Mocca, 900 m alt, 1 Dec 1919, Johnson
67 (US); near Alta Verapaz-Peten boundary line,
100-150 m alt, 23 Mar 1942, Steyermark 45283
(US). BAJA VERAPAZ: "Panzal", Oct 1912, von
Tuerckheim 3942 (US). IZABAL: Livingston, 18
Jan 1905, Kellerman 5105 (US); along Rio Escobas,
Montana Escobas, 20-50 m alt, 13 Dec 1941,
Steyermark 39885 (US); 25 km S-SW of Puerto
Barrios, 75 m alt, 28 Feb 1966, Gregory 611 (US).
BRITISH HONDURAS: Forest Home, 60 m alt, 8 Dec
1932, Schipp 1063 (K). HOUDURAS. SANTA BARBARA:
Rio Permejo, 180 m alt, Mar 1890, Thieme
5404 (US). CORT~: Sierra de Oma, La Cumbre,
190 m alt, 30 Nov 1950, Molina 3472 (US); Montana
of Piedras, 240 m alt, 4 Dec 1950, Molina
3548 (US). ATLANTIDA: W of Tela River, 29 Jan
1903, Wilson 218 (US); Lancetilla valley, near
Tela, 20-600 m alt, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928,
Standley 52634, 53155, 53973 (US); Lancetilla
valley, Aug 1960, Pfeifer 2131, 2146, 2159 (US);
3 m S of Tela, 60-150 m alt, 28 Ju1 1962, Webster,
Miller Q Miller 12616 (US); near El Portillo, 500
m alt, 19 Mar 1962, Molina 10466 (US). COSTA
RICA. GUANACASTE: El Silencio, near Tilarin, 750
m alt, 13 Jan 1926, Standley Q Valerio 4452, 44736
(US); Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, 600-700 m ah, 21
Jan 1926, Standley Q Va'aerio 45495 (US); Tilaran,
750 m alt, 17 May 1923, Valerio 58 (US). PUNTARENAS:
Jan 1854, Schemer s.n. (W). ALAJUELA:
NUMBER 18 57
Alfaro Ruiz, Zarcero, 1300 m alt, 9 Dec 1946,
Austin Smith 35 (US). LIMON: Santa Clara, La
Colombiana, 200 m alt, Jun 1899, Pittier 13414
( K ) ; Livingston on Reventazon, Ju1 and Aug 1920,
Rowlee S Stork 693 (US); Talamanca, forest of
Shirores, 100 m alt, Feb 1895, Tonduz 9301 (US);
Zent, 31 m alt, Aug 1901, Tonduz 14710 (K, P);
Puerto Limon, 9 Aug 1923, Stevens 844 (US); 28 m
from Puerto Limon, 40 m alt, 12 May 1930, Cufodontis
656 (W). CARTAGO: Tuis, 650 m alt, Nov
1897, Tonduz I1504 (US, W); Turrialba, 620 m
alt, Ju1 1897, Pittier 11259 (W); Chirripo, Jan 1900,
Pittier 16063 (US); Tucurrique, 29 Aug 1920, Rowlee
Q Stork 843 (US ) . WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Lankester
K194 ( K ) ; Endres 236 (K). PANAMA. BOCAS
DEL TORO: 16 Oct 1920, Carleton 53 (US); 26 Jan
1921, Carleton 79 (US); vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon,
16 Oct 1940, von Wedel 1161 (US); 24 Apr
1941, von Wedel 2326 (US); Chiriquicito to 5 m
S along Rio Guarumo, 5-7 Jun 1967, Lewis et al.
2078 (MO, US); Water Valley, 13 Sep 1940, von
Wedel 754 (US); 1 Oct 1940, von Wedel 967 (US).
COCLB: N of El Valle de Anton, 1000 m alt, 14 Ju1
1940, Allen 2196 (US); 31 Aug 1941, Allen 2711
(US); 16 Sep 1946, Allen 3694 (MO, P, US). FRENCH
GUIANA. 1864, Melinon s.n. (P); Mana, 1887, Sagot
sen. (P). SURINAM. Near Para River, Wullschlagel
1058 (W, isotype of A. paraensis Lindau). Hostman
I67 ( K , P, syntypes of A. acutifolia Nees);
Marowijne River, 12 Ju1 1965, Hugh-Jones 8 (K).
COLOMBIA. NORTE DE SANTANDER: Tabaca, in the
forest-covered Magdalena watershed in the vicinity
of Ocana, 1500 m alt, 1851, Schlim 780 (FI, K,
holotype P, isotypes of A. nana Leonard); near
OcaAa, 1650 m alt, 11 Oct 1877, KaZbreyer 344 (K).
AMAZONAS: Near base of Araracuara, mountains
and along Enganos River, Dec, Martius s.n. (M,
holotype of A. sciophila Martius); Loretoyacu
River, Trapecio Amazonico, 100 m alt, 20-30 Oct
1945, SchuZtes 6630 (US). ANTIOQUIA: Road to
Sonson, 1000 m alt, 1852, Triana s.n. (K, holotype,
P, isotype of A. glichrochlamys Leonard); May 1873,
Patin sen. (K); lawice s.n. (K, holotype of A. phazacra
Leonard); forest of Dabeiba, 400 m alt, 11 Jan 1947,
Uribe I437 (US, holotype of A. uribei Leonard).
VALLE: La Laguna on left bank of Rio Sanquinini,
1250-1400 m alt, 10-20 Dec 1943, Cuatrecasas
15436 (US, holotype of A. leiophylla Leonard).
CAUCA: La Costa, 900 m alt, 27 Ju1 1936, von
Sneidern 869 (S, holotype of A. puberula Leonard);
El Tambo, 1200 m alt, 27 Ju1 1936, von Sneidern
868 (S, holotype of A. sneidernii Leonard);
around El Penol on the western slopes of the W
Andes of PopayPn, 1800-2000 m alt, May, Lehmann
8632 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 1760-1808,
Mutis 1494 (US). ECUADOR. GUAYAS: Rio Bulubulu,
100 m alt, 11 Oct 1939, Haught 2912 (S, US).
COTOPAXI: Rio Guapara, 20 km NW of El Corazbn,
250 m alt, 21 Jun 1967, Sparre 17211 (S). BOLIVAR:
Charquiyacu, 600 m alt, 3 Oct 1943, Acosta 6091
(F). CHIMBORAZO: 750 m alt, Spruce 6214 (K, W);
Huigra, on Hacienda de Licay, 8 Sep 1918, Rose 61
Rose 22598 (US). NAPO-PASTAZA: Rio Napo, 19
Apr 1958, Hurling 3607 (S); Rio Bermejo, tributary
to Rio San Miguel, 230 m alt, 26 Nov 1966,
Sparre I3153 (S). PERU. AMAZONAS: Bagua, valley
of Rio Maranon above Cascades de Mayasi, 450-
500 m alt, 8 Sep 1962, Wurdack 1901 (US). SAN
MARTIN: Tarapoto, 1855-6, Spruce 4952 (K); Pongo
de Cainarachi, Rio Cainarachi, 230 m alt, Sep-Oct
1932, Klug 2743 (US); Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, 260
m alt, Mar 1935, Klug 3965 (US); Huahuiva to
Saposoa, 450 m alt, 4 Oct 1959, Woytkowski 5474
(F, LE, MO); Mariscal Caceras: Tocache Nuevo,
Quebrada de Huaquisha, 17 May 1970, Schunke
3988 (F, US). LORETO: Near Yurimaguas, May
1855, Spruce 3867 ( K , W); Rio Ucayali, Jun 1847,
de Castelnau s.n. (P); between Yurimaguas and
Balsapuerto, 135-150 m alt, 26-31 Aug 1929, KilZip
S A. C. Smith 28116, 28356 (US). HUANUCO: Maranon,
junction of Rio Monzon and Rio Huallaga, 2
Aug 1940, Asplund I2696 (S): Huiinuco, Tingo
Maria, 620 m alt, 18 Feb 1954, Woytkowski I115
(US); Pachitea, Honoria, Isla del Pacanase, 300-
400 m alt, 29 Apr 1968, Schunke 2557 (F, US);
Honoria, Bosque Nacional de Iparia, 300-400 m
alt, 3 May 1967, Schunke I907 (F, US). J U N I N :
Vitoc, Ruiz S Pavon A.93 (MA, F photo 29177,
syntype of A. acutifolia Nees); Vitoc, 27 Dec 1878,
Martinet 1537 (P); Vitoc, McLean sen. (K, syntype
of A. acutifolia Nees); Pichis Trail, Yapas, 1350-
1600 m alt, 28-29 Jun 1929, Killip Q A. C. Smith
25583 (NY, US); Tarma, 16 km SW of San Ramon,
1300 m alt, 29 Nov 1962, Zltis S Ugent 236 ( K ,
US); Tarma: Utcuyacu, 1800 m alt, Woytkowski
35372 (UC, F). cusco: Paucartambo, between
Atalaya and Salyacion, 650 m alt, 1 May 1965,
Vargas 16278 (US). PUNO. Carabaya, San GabPn,
1100 m alt, 7 Feb 1967, Vargas 018894 (US). WITHOUT
EXACT LOCALITY: McLean s.n. (K); 1835,
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Mathews 2011 (K, syntype of A. acutifolia Nees);
900-1200 m alt, 1909-14, Weberbauer 5627 (F),
6655 (GH). BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: Mapiri Region,
San Miguel, 800 m alt, 16 May 1927, Buchtien 1368
(US); Chimate, 500 m alt, 28 Feb 1927, Buchtien
1369 (US); San Carlos, near Sarampuini, 600 m alt,
15 May 1927, 1370 (US); La Paz; near Coroico
Choro River crossing, 18 May 1964, 1200 m alt,
Badcock 135 (K); Tumapasa, 540 m alt, 6 Dec
1921, White 1826 (K); Alto Beni, 600 m alt, 20
May 1964, Badcock 154 (K); 450 m alt, 22 Jun
1964, Badcock 214 (K). COCHABAMBA: Rio Juntas,
800 m alt, 13-21 Apr 1892, Kuntze s.n. (NY, isotype
of A. simplex Lindau). SANTA CRUZ: Pica
del Lara, 450 m alt, 6 Aug 1916, Steinbach 2750
(US); Rio Japacari, Sara, 400 m alt, 16 Mar 1926,
Steinbach 7503 (F). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY:
Pearce 548 (K); 798 (K). BRAZIL. RIO BRANCO:
Road between Sao Luiz and Maloca Tupari-
Cabeceras, 1-29 Apr 1948, ScoZnik 6. Luti 728 (US).
AMAZONAS: Tabatinga, 1877-78, Jobert 902 (P).
ACRE: Serinopal, Rio Sao Francisco, Apr 1911, UZe
9807 (K). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. At Rio de
Janeiro, Dec 1878, Glaziou 9994 (K); Nov 1887,
Cult. in Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew, (K, isotype of A.
fascinator Lindau & Andre).
54b. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley
var. stenophylla Standley
Aphelandra uurantiacu (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. stenophytta
Standlay, Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 4:324. 1929; Field Mus. Bot.
Ser., 10:359. 1931.
Aphelandra repanda Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:728.
1847.-Leonard, Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 18:1196. 1938.
ApheZandra Zonchochlumys Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
31:165. 1953.
Leaf blades petioled, lanceolate, 20-25 cm long,
2.5-3 cm wide, gradually narrowed at both ends,
glabrous on both surfaces or the costa bearing a
few subappressed hairs, especially underneath, the
upper surface shining, the lower surface pale green
or occasionally purple, the margins coarsely
sinuate-repand, unarmed, the venation obscure
but more prominent beneath than above.
TYPE.-Standley 53487 (holotype F, isotype US),
Honduras, Atlantida, Lancetilla Valley, near Tela,
20-600 m alt, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928.
DISTRIBUTION.-COmmOnly found in wet forests
from Central America to Peru. GUATEMALA. IZABAL:
Jocolo, 25 Jan 1928, Johnson 1144 (US). HONDURAS.
ATLATIDA: Lancetilla Valley, near Tela,
20-600 m alt, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928, Standley
52635, 53875 (US). COSTA RICA: GUANACASTE:
Guis, Apr 1899, Pittier 16.088 (US); SE of Tilaran,
Quebrada Serena, 700 m alt, 27 Jan 1926, Standley
& Yderio 46157, 46207 (US). ALA JUELA-HEREDIA:
N slope of Central Cordillera, Vara Blanca de Sarapiqui,
Jul-Sep 1937, Skutch 3267 (US). SAN JOSE:
San Jose, Sep 1853, Scherzer s.n. (W). WITHOUT
EXCT LOCALITY. Endres 236a (K). CENTRAL AMERICA:
Lehmann s.n. (W ). COLOMBIA. PUTUMAYO:
Mocoa, 1898-99, Sprague 394 (K, holotype of A.
lonchochlamys Leonard). ECUADOR. NAPO-PASTAZA:
El Napo, Sep 1931, Benoist 4765 (P); Mera, 6
Mar 1940, Lug0 28 (S); 15 Apr 1940, Lug0 190
(S); Tena, 14 Oct 1939, Asplund 9320 (S, US);
Cerro Antisana, 3 m SW of Tena, 600 m alt, 27
Aug 1960, Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington G. Whitmore,
1460 (NY ) . ZAMORA-CHINCHEPE: Cordillera Cutucu,
opp Chupiantza, 600-690 m alt, 17 Nov 1944,
Camp E-1045 (NY). Peru. SAN MARTIN: Mariscal Mariscal
Caceresa, Tocache Nuevo, 20 Apr 1970, Schunke
3947 (F, US). HUANUCO: Huanuco, Cucharas, near
Tingo Maria, 500 m alt, 15 Mar 1954, Woytkowski
1182 (US). JUNIN: Pangoa, Mathews 1238 (K,
holotype of A. repanda Nees); Jauja, Lagunas de
Satipo, Aug 1940, Ridozitt s.n. (US). AYACUCHO:
Rio Apurimac Valley, near Kimpitiriki, 400 m alt,
10 May 1929, Killip Q A. C. Smith 22878 (US),
BOLIVIA: Pearce s.n. (K).
Standley (1929:324) in describing the new variety,
writes the following: “This form grown frequently
with the typical one, which is common on
the hills above Lancetilla. The leaves are so
different from those of the type that at first glance
one would assume that two species were represented,
but apparently the two forms differ only
in the shape of their leaves. I did not find any
intermediate forms in the various localities where
the two were growing together.”
54c. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley
var, nitens (Hooker) Wasshausen, new combination
Aphelundru ni(tens Hooker, Bot. Mag. 94, pl. 5741. 1868;
Floral Mag. N. Ser., pl. 65. 1873; Garden 48:122. 1895;
Pflanzenfam. 4.3b:322. 1895; Hesdorffer. Handb. Zimmergartn.
ed. 2, p. 176, fig. 95. 1900.
Aphelandra sinitrini Linden, Rev. Hort. 237, fig. 48. 1876.
NUMBER 18 59
Aphelandra nitens Hooker var. sinitzini (Linden) Fournier,
Ill. Hort. 23:25. pl. 231. 1876.
Leaf blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to
subacuminate cuneate at base, to 25 cm long and
8 cm wide, but usually 5-12 cm long and 4-6 cm
wide, thick and coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces,
the upper surface a brilliant polished green,
the lower surface a deep vinous purple, the margins
entire or undulate, thickened, the costa
broad, the lateral veins (about 12 pairs) rather
inconspicuous.
TYPE.-HoY~. Veitch (holotype K), typification
is on the basis of the description and the plate,
especially the latter.
DIsTRIBUTION.-originally stated to be a native
of Guayaquil, Ecuador, from whence it was sent
by Mr. Pearce to Messrs. Veitch. More recently,
however, this variety has been collected in eastern
Peru in the departments of San Martin, Huanuco,
and Junin. COLOMBIA. WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY:
Cult. Bot. Gard. Kew, Jan. 1907 (K). PERU: SAN
MART~N: Tarapoto, Spruce s.n. (K); Mt. Guayrapurima,
Jan 1856, Spruce s.n. (K); San Martin,
4 m E of Tarapoto, 890 m alt, 7 Mar 1947, Woytkowski
35217 (F, MO, UC); Mariscal Caceres, Tocache
Nuevo, 23 Apr 1970, Schunke 3963 (F, US);
Tocache Nuevo, Quebrada de Huaquisha, 4 Jun
1970, Schunke 4027 (F, US). HUANUCO: Huanuco,
Tingo Maria, 13 Ju1 1940, Asplund I2220 (S); Cucharas,
near Tingo Maria, 400 m alt, 8 Feb 1954,
Woytkowski 1095 (US); Aqua Blanca (Carretera
Monzon), 890 m alt, 25 Feb 1966, Schunke I130
(NY); Rio Bella, 7 km from Tingo Maria, 670 m
alt, 6 Aug 1946, Soukup 3101 (F); southwestern
slope of the Rio LlullaPichis watershed, on the
ascent of Cerros del Sira, 250 m alt, 21 Jun 1969,
W d f e 12131 (NA). J U N I N : Puerto Bermudez, 375
m alt, 14-17 Ju1 1929, KiZZip 6 A. C. Smith 26512
(US); E of Quimiri Bridge, near La Merced, 800-
1300 m alt, 1-3 Jun 1929, Kill+ 6 A. C. Smith
23838 (P, US); Pichis Trail, San Nicolas, 1100 m
alt, 4-5 Jul 1929, Killip 6. A. C. Smith 26031 (GH,
US). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Cult. Hort. Vindob.
Jan. 1922, Rechinger s.n. (W).
55. Aphelandra heydeana Donnell Smith
FIGURE 4
Aphelandra heydeana Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18:210. 1893.
Shrub or suffrutescent herbs to 3 m high; stems
glabrous, erect, canaliculate, minutely alveolar,
drying grayish white; leaf blades wate to ovatelanceolate
or elliptic, to 20 cm long and 7 cm
wide, acuminate, more or less sharp contracted
and cuneately prolonged into a petiole 2-8 cm long,
membranaceous, entire or undulate, the upper
surface drying dark green, glabrous or sparingly
pubescent, the costa and lateral veins (usually
6-8 pairs) plane or slightly elevated, less prominent
than on the lower surface, this drying a
lighter green, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the
hairs appressed, confined chiefly to the lateral
veins; petioles (unwinged portion) about 1 cm
long, glabrous or sparingly puberulent at base;
spike terminal, usually solitary, 2-7 cm long and
2-3 cm broad (excluding corollas), the rachis
angular, moderately pilose; bracts closely imbricate,
retrorsely spreading with age, obovate-oblong,
1.3-1.5 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, prolonged into a
recurved, convolute cusp about 6 mm long, nerved,
veiny, more or less pubescent both within and
without, the margins 1-2-spinulo-dentate, subscarious;
bractlets similar to the calyx segments but
slightly shorter, long linear-lanceolate, 11 mm long,
1.5 mm wide, carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly
pilose at tip; calyx segments subequal, elongatelanceolate,
aristate, striate-nerved, glabrous, the
posterior segment 12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the
anterior and lateral pairs 12 mm long, 2 mm wide;
corolla crimson, glandular-pubescent, 5.5-6 cm
long, the tube 2.5 cm long, 5 mm wide at mouth,
the upper lip erect, oblong, 2 cm long and 0.7 cm
wide, entire, the middle lobe of the lower lip
broadly obovate-oblong, 2 cm long and 1.2 cm wide,
the lateral lobes ligulate, 7-10 mm long, 1-1.5 mm
broad, all rounded at apex; stamens barely included;
the filaments 3.5-4 cm long, glabrous; the
anthers 5 mm long, glabrous, apiculate; the ovary
3 mm long, glabrous; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Heyde et Lux 4037 (holotype US, isotype
P), Guatemala, Santa Rosa, Chupadero, 1500
m alt, Oct 1892.
DIsTRIBUTION.-Damp, wet forests in southern
Mexico, Guatemala, and El Salvador. MEXICO.
CHIAPAS: near Tumbala, 1200-1650 m alt, 20 Oct
1895, Nelson 3302 (US). GUATEMALA. SANTA ROSA:
Cerro Redondo, 1350 m alt, Sep 1893, Hey& et
Lux 6212 (US); Rio Chiquito, 1050 m alt, Oct
1893, Heyde et Lux 6213 (US); near Oratorio,
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
1200 m alt, 21 Dec 1938, Standley 60671 (US); Rio
Panal, lower slopes of Volcan de Tecuamburro,
along the road between Cuilapa and Chiquimulilla,
28 Nov 1940, Standley 78561, 78568 (US).
WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: 1892, Heyde 355 (US).
EL SALVADOR. Camasagua, Dec 1922, Calderdn
1402 (US).
56. Aphelandra guerrerensis Wasshausen
FIGURE 10
Aphelandra guerrerensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 26:393. 1973.
Shrub or suffrutescent shrub to 2 m high; stems
glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously strigose
toward tip; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 12-18
cm long, 4-5 cm wide, acuminate, narrowed at
base and long-attenuate on the slender petiole,
entire, the upper surface drying dark green, glabrous
to glabrate, the costa and lateral veins (usually
8-10 pairs) less prominent above than on the
lower surface, this drying light green or olive,
glabrate to strigillose, the hairs evenly distributed
or confined chiefly to the costa and the lateral
veins, petioles (unwinged portion) 3-5 cm long,
the pubescence similar to that of the stem; spikes
terminal, solitary, 6-11 cm long and 2-3 cm broad
(excluding corollas), the rachis densely pilose;
bracts closely imbricate or spreading with age,
lanceolate, 20-25 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, green,
3-nerved, veined, conspicuously pilose, the margins
entire except for a pair of small and inconspicuous
teeth above the middle, these 1-2 mm long; bractlets
linear-lanceolate, aristate, 12 mm long, 1.5 mm
wide, glandular-pilose; calyx segments subequal,
lanceolate, aristate, 11-12 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide
near the base, striate-nerved, glandular-pilose;
corolla red, about 6 cm long, glandular-pilose, the
tube slightly oblique, 3.5 cm long, 1 mm wide at
base, thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm at throat,
the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, cymbiform,
arched at the tip, 2.2 cm long, 8.5 mm wide, entire,
the tip acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip
oblanceolate, about 2.5 cm long, 7 mm wide, the
lateral lobes narrowly deflexed, obliquely lanceolate,
8 mm long, 1.8 mm wide; stamens exserted
about 2 cm beyond mouth of the corolla tube;
the filaments glabrous; the anthers 4 mm long,
glabrous; pollen grains typical, prolate, 39p-42~
long, 28p-29p wide; the ovary glabrous, 3 mm
long; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-G. Hinton 11199 (holotype US, isotypes
K, NY, UC, W), Mexico, Guerrero, Galeana, San
Andrez, 600 m alt, 1 Jun 1938.
DIsmIsUTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelundra guerrerensis superficially resembles
A. gigantiflora. In A. gigantiflora though, the
spikes are 12-30 cm long, the bracts entire, broadly
ovate, 10-12 mm wide, the middle lobe of the lower
lip obovate, 15-17 mm wide, and the lateral segments
of the lower lip oblong, 15 mm long, 5 mm
wide.
57. Aphelandra fimmea Wasshausen
FIGURE 49
Aphelandra flammea Wasshausen, Phytologia 26:394. 1973.
Herbaceous to suffrutescent perennial; stems
erect, to 5 m high, glabrous to sparingly pilose,
the internodes 2-9 cm long; leaf blades elliptic to
obovate, 15-24 cm long and 6.2-12.3 cm wide,
acuminate, cuneate or gradually narrowed at
base and more or less decurrent on the petiole,
chartaceous, minutely and inconspicuously puberulous
on both surfaces, the margins entire, the
costa broad, lateral veins (10-12 pairs) inconspicuous,
arcuate, the upper surface nitid often a
brilliant polished green, the lower surface pale
green, the reticulation obscure; petioles 2-13 cm
long, glabrous; flowers borne in simple terminal
spikes 11-18 cm long and 1.5-2 cm broad (excluding
the corollas), the rachis puberulous, the nodes
flattened and slightly excavate; bracts imbricate,
elliptic, 17-20 mm long and 7-10 mm wide, acuminate,
veiny, glabrous, the margins serrate, the
teeth to 1 mm long; bractlets narrowly lanceolate,
4 mm long, minutely and inconspicuously puberulous;
calyx 11-12 mm long, the posterior segment
lance-subulate, 3 mm wide, the latera1 and anterior
pairs linear-lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, the 5 segments
and bractlets striate-nerved and puberulous,
the nerves ending at the base of each segment in a
callus about 1 mm long; corollas 4.5-5.5 cm long,
orange-red, sparingly puberulous, the upper lip
oblong-elliptic, 17 mm long and 5 mm wide, acute
to obtusish an$ entire, the lower lip spreading,
NUMBER 18 61
the lobes oblong-elliptic, the middle one 1.5 cm
long and 1.8 cm wide, acuminate, the lateral ones
similar but narrower, 3 mm wide; pollen grains
atypical, prolate spheroidal, about 5Gy in diameter;
mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Y. Mexia 6700 (holotype US, isotype
UC), Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Hacienda Solento, near
Santa Rosa, Canton Pajile, 1000 m alt, 17-20 Nov
1934.
locality.
Aphelandra flammea is perhaps nearest in relationship
to A. sulphurea, but differs markedly in
that its petioles are short, 1.2-2 cm long, the bracts
30-32 mm long, acute, denticulate and covered with
small inconspicuous subsessile glands, the corolla
yellow, the upper corolla lip about 10 mm wide,
the middle lobe of the lower corolla lip 2 cm long
and 1 cm wide, apically obtuse, and the lateral
lobes 6 mm wide.
DISTRIBUTION.-Known only from the type-
58. Aphelandra arnoldii Mildbraed
Aphelandra arnoldii Mildbraed, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin
11:63. 1930.-Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:153.
1953.
Herbs; stem short, less than 5 cm long; roots
long and numerous, extending apparently a little
above the ground; leaves subrosulate, crowded,
the blades narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 15-30
cm long and 5.5 cm wide, short-acuminate, the tip
obtuse, long and narrowly decurrent on the petiole,
the upper surface short-pilose, the costa plane,
the lateral veins (15-17 pairs) forming angles of
about 70 degrees, arcuate, ascending; petioles 4-6
cm long; flowers borne in spikes, the scape axillary,
about 25 cm long, puberulous, extending above
the rosette of leaves, the spike itself 5-8 cm long;
bracts erect-spreading, scarcely imbricate, lanceolate,
6-8 mm long, barely 2 mm wide, acute, scarcely
pungent, ciliate, the hairs erect-spreading,
the margins bearing a few minute teeth, the internodes
about 5 mm long; bractlets similar to the
bracts but only 4 mm long and slenderly subulateacute;
calyx segments thinly scarious, pale, lanceolate
to linear-lanceolate, 4-5 mm long, the interior
ones a little shorter than the others and noticeably
narrower; corolla bright rosy, the tube narrowly
cylindric, suberect, about 1 cm long, the lobes of
the lower lip broadly rounded, broadly cuneate
toward base, the middle one 7 mm long and 5 mm
wide, the lateral ones slightly smaller, the posterior
pair much smaller (2.54 mm long); stamens included,
subequal; anthers oblong, obtuse, their
tips cohering; filaments epipetalous slightly above
the middle of the corolla tube; ovary 1.5 mm long.
TYPE.-A. Schultze 771 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8G97), Colombia, Magdalena, in damp
humus on wooded slope at San Lorenzo, 2150 m alt,
Feb 1927.
DISTRIBUTION.-At elevations above 2000 meters
in northern Venezuela and Colombia. VENEZUELA.
MERIDA: Quebrada La Mucuy-El Volcan, 2200 m
alt, 15 Jan 1953, Bernardi 278 (NY).
59. Aphelandra tondudi Leonard
Aphelandra tonduzii Leonard, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. Ser., 18:
1198, 1938.
Herbs; stems to 22 cm high, simple, erect or
ascending, hirsute or occasionally strigose; leaf
blades ovate to elliptic, or broadly lanceolate, 7-1 1
cm long and 4.5 cm wide, acute to obtuse or
rounded, narrowed at the base, entire, both surfaces
pilose, the hairs about 1 mm long; petioles
to 2 cm long, pilose; flowers borne in slender, lax,
peduncled, axillary spikes to 15 cm long, the rachis
pilose, peduncles to 16 cm long, pubescent or
occasionally strigose; bracts lanceolate, about 7-8
mm long and 1.5 mm wide, tapering to a slender
point, veiny, 3-nerved, hirsute (the hairs to 1 mm
long) usually with a pair of minute, slender, marginal
teeth, these to l mm long; bractlets subulate,
about 4 mm long and 0.5 mm wide at the base,
striate-nerved, subhyaline, pubescent toward the
tip, some of the longer hairs gland-tipped; calyx
segments 4.5 mm long, the posterior one lanceolate,
1 mm wide, the other 4 subulate, 0.5 mm wide, all
striate-nerved, attenuate, subhyaline and pubescent
toward the tip with some of the longer hairs glandular;
corolla 1.5 cm long, pale pink, pubescent
within above the insertion of the stamens, the tube
slender, glabrous, 3 mm broad at the base of the
mouth, constricted below the middle to 1.5 mm,
the limb 12 mm broad, the lobes obovate, rounded,
the upper ones 3 4 mm long and 2-3 mm wide,
the middle lobe of the lower lip 5-8 mm long and
3.5-5 mm wide, the lateral ones slightly smaller, all
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
sparingly puberulent without; stamens included;
filaments 2 mm long, sparingly pubescent; anthers
1.25 mm long, glabrous; capsule 10 mm long and
3 mm wide, blunt, glabrous; seeds obovate, flat,
brown, about 2.5 mm long, sparingly pubescent
with small, short, thick hairs.
TYPE.-A. Tonduz 13162 (holotype US), Costa
Rica, Cartago, forest of Las Vueltas, Tucurrique,
900-1000 m alt, Jan 1899.
DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Endemic to Costa Rica, commonly
found in moist forests above 1000 meters altitude.
COSTA RICA. SAN JOSE: Vicinity of El General,
1070 m alt, Dec 1936, Skutch 3004 (US); 1100
m alt, Feb 1939, Skutch 4212 (us). CARTACO:
Cerro de La Carpintera, 1500-1850 m alt, Feb
1924, Standley 34205, 34495 (US); La Carpintera,
vicinity of Tres Rios, 1300-2000 m alt, 1 Dec 1937-
1 Jan 1938, Allen 507 (F); Moravia-La Chanchera,
1300 m alt. 10 Jan 1949, Lean 2391 (US).
60. Aphelandra seibertii Leonard
Aphelandra seibertii Leonard, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 24:205.
1937.
Herb to 20 cm high; the stem simple, ascending,
rooting at the lower nodes, pilose, to 1 mm
long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 2-1 1 cm long,
1.5-3 cm wide, obtuse, narrowed at base, entire or
undulate, both surfaces thinly pilose, the costa
and lateral veins (6 or 7 pairs) densely so; petioles
1-2 cm long, densely pilose; flowers borne in 1 or
several terminal spikes 4-8 cm long, the peduncle
3-5 cm long, densely pilose, the hairs yellowish,
the rachis pilose; bracts obovate or oblanceolate,
13-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, purplish at tip,
closely imbricate and appressed (spreading at
maturity), bearing above the middle on each side
2 or 3 narrow dentate teeth to 1.5 mm long, 7-
nerved, pilose without, glabrous to puberulent toward
tip within; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm long,
1.5 mm wide, acuminate, carinate and conduplicate,
subhyaline, delicately nerved, the costa hirsute,
the margins sparingly ciliolate with minute
capitate hairs; calyx segments subhyaline, striatenerved,
the posterior segment lanceolate, 6.5 mm
long, 1.5 mm wide, the anterior pair narrowly
lanceolate, 6.6 mm long and 1 mm wide, the middle
pair subulate, 5.5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide,
all sparingly ciliolate with minute, capitate hairs;
corolla yellow, 2 cm long, the lobes tipped with
lavender, sparingly pubescent, the tube slender,
1.5 cm long, 1.5 mm in diameter at base, about 3
mm wide at mouth, the limb about 13 mm broad,
the upper lip erect or spreading, obovate, 7 mm
long, 6 mm wide, 2-lobed, the lobes 2.5 mm long
and broad, rounded, the middle lobe of the lower
lip obovate, 6 mm long, 5 mm wide, rounded or
emarginate, the lateral lobes lance-subulate, 2.5
mm wide, acute; stamens slightly exserted; ovary
cylindric, 2.5 mm long, glabrous below, pilose at
tip; style 17 mm long, puberulent toward base;
capsule about 1 cm long, cylindric, glabrous except
for the pilose tip, 4-seeded, the valves of the
capsule recurved after dehiscence; retinacula 2
mm long, cucullate at tip; seeds obovoid, acute
at base, light brown, 3 mm long, 2.5 mm broad,
bearing scattered, minute, short, thick, hairlike
projections.
TYPE.--R. J. Seibert 4 60 (holotype US), Panama,
Cocle, vicinity of El Valle de Anton, 500-700 m
alt, 24 Ju1 1935.
DIsmIsuTIo;u.-Found in wet forests in deep
shade, in Costa Rica and Panama. COSTA RICA.
L I M ~ N : Plaines de La Estrella, Talamanca, Feb
1895, Tondziz 9384 (US); La Colombiana Farm of
the United Fruit Co., 70 m alt, 6-7 Mar 1924,
Standley 36966, 36783 (US). PANAMA. COCL~:
Vicinity of El Valle, 600-1000 m alt, 8 Dec 1938,
Allen 1215- (MO, US); N rim of El Valle de Antbn,
near Cerro Turega, 650-700 m alt, 30 Jun 1940,
Woodson ck Schery 187 (US); 1000 m alt, 23 Jun
1940, Allen 2175 (US); 29 Jun 1946, Allen 3548
(MO, US).
61. Aphelandra neesiana Wasshausen, new name
Stenandrium aurantiacum Nees in Martius, Flor. Bras. 9:78.
1847. [non Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley].
Lagochilium aurantiacum Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:292.
1847.
Erect, low shrubby plant 12-30 cm high; stem
4-10 cm long, densely yellowish hirsute, especially
towards the tip, leaf blades ovate, 8-12 cm long,
4-6.5 cm wide, acute, obtuse at base, thin, repand,
the margins ciliate, the upper surface moderately
strigose except the costa and lateral veins (7-9
NUMBER IS 63
pairs), these yellowish hirsute, the lower surface
drying a lighter green than the upper, moderately
strigose, except the costa and lateral veins, these
hirsute; petioles 1-3.5 cm long, the pubescence
similar to that of the stem; flowers borne on a
solitary, terminal spike, 5-10 cm long, 2.5 cm wide
(without corollas), the peduncle extremely short,
almost absent, less than 0.5 cm long, if present,
densely yellowish hirsute, the bracts closely imbricate,
spreading with age, the spike subtended by
a pair of larger leaves; bracts obovate, 17-19 mm
long, 14 mm wide just below the apex, purplish,
reticulately veined, obtuse, mucronulate, cuneate
at base, moderately pilose both within and without,
the margins spinulose-serrate toward apex with
about 7-9 pairs of spreading teeth, ciliolate; bractlets
lanceolate, 12 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, aristate,
subhyaline, striate-nerved, carinate, puberulous
and sparingly pilose; calyx 1.3-1.4 cm long, the
segments lanceolate, subequal, striate-nerved, inconspicuously
puberulous, aristate-acuminate, the
posterior segment 2 mm wide near base, the anterior
pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm
wide; corolla yellow, about 2.2 cm long, minutely
and sparingly glandular pilose, the tube cylindric,
11 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, thence gradually
enlarged and infundibular, 4 mm long, 5 mm in
diameter at mouth, the upper lip erect, obovate,
7 mm long and 7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 2 mm
long and 3 mm wide, retuse, the lower lip .%lobed,
the lobes subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 6 mm
long, 6 mm wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes ovate,
6 mm long, 6 mm wide, slightly retuse; anthers 3
mm long, apiculate, apically and dorsally hirsute;
filaments epipetalous, moderately villous; capsule
oblong, 12 mm long, brown, apiculate, nitid, glabrous;
seeds flattened, brown, 2 mm in diameter,
fibrillose-papillose.
TypE.-Riedel s.n. (syntype BR), Brazil, Rio de
Janeiro, Petropolis, Serra d’Estrella. Feb and Mar
1840.
DISTRIBUTION.--~n the mountains around Rio de
Janeiro. BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: 1821, Langsdorfl
sen. (P); Mandiocca, 1813-29, Langsdorfl s.n.
(LE); Dec 1822-Jan 1823, RiedeE 55 (syntype LE);
Macahe, Jun 1832, Riedel 6. Luschnath 793 (syntype
LE); Riedel Q Langsdorfl 109 (LE); 1816-
1821, voyage d’Auguste de Saint-Hilaire s.n. (P);
Raddi s.n. (FI).
62. Aphelandra bahiensb (Nees) Wasshausen,
new combination
FIGURE 12
Lagochiliurn bahiense Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:291.
Lagochiliurn bahiense var. angustifolium Nees in de Candoile,
Aphelandra atrovirens N. E. Brown, L’Illustr. Hort. 31: 107.
1847.
Prodr. 11:291. 1847.
pl. 527. 1884.
Erect, simple, herbaceous plant 30 cm high; stem
about 15 cm long, densely strigose, especially toward
the tip; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to oblong
lanceolate, 8-9 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, acute to
obtuse, narrowed at base, attenuate and decurrent
on the petiole, thin, the margins entire or undulate,
the upper surface glabrous except the costa
sparingly appressed strigose, shining, the lower
surface drying a lighter green than the upper, glabrous
or minutely and sparingly puberulous, the
costa and lateral veins (6-8 pairs) strigose, arcuate;
petioles (unwinged portion), 1-2 cm long, the
pubescence similar to that of the stem; flowers
borne on a solitary, sessile, terminal spike, 2.5-1
cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide (without corollas), the
bracts closely imbricate, somewhat spreading with
age, the spike supported by a pair of small leaves;
bracts elliptic-oblong, 13-15 mm long, 5-6 mm wide
at the middle, purplish, 5-nerved, reticulately
veined, obtuse, apiculate, cuneate at base, puberulous
without, especiallly the nerves, glabrous within,
the margins spinulose-serrate toward apex with
4-6 pairs of spreading teeth, ciliolate; bractlets
lanceolate, 5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, aristate, subhyaline,
striate-nerved, glabrous, the margins
ciliolate; calyx 7 mm long, the segments lancesubulate,
subequal, striate-nerved, glabrous, aristateacuminate,
the margins ciliolate, the posterior
segment 1.5 mm wide near base, the anterior pair
1.25 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide; corolla
yellow, about 2 cm long, glabrous or the lips minutely
and sparingly pilose without, the tube
cylindric, densely villous within, 1.5 cm long, 2
mm wide at base, thence gradually enlarged to 4
mm in diameter at mouth, the upper lip obovate,
4 mm long and 4 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 1 mm
long and 1.5 mni wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-
lobed, the lobes equal, 4 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,
slightly retuse; anthers 2 mm long, apiculate, apically
and dorsally hirsute; filaments epipetalous
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
about midway in the corolla tube, moderately
hirsute; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Blanchet 2106 (syntype G, isosyntypes
B, destroyed, F photo 8700, P, W), Brazil, Bahia,
Ilhkus, 1835.
DrsTRIBuTIoN.-~nown only from around the
type-locality. BRAZIL. BAHIA: Hort. Companie
Continentale d’Horticulture Gand, Belgium (K,
holotype of A. atrovirens N. E. Brown); Aug 1906,
Cult. in Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew (K).
Nees did not designate a type for A. bahiense
var. angustifolium. The description simply states:
“foliis oblongo-lanceolatsis.”
63. Aphelundra obtusa (Nees) Wasshausen,
new combination
Lagochiliurn obtusum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:86. 1947;
in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:292. 1847.
Simple, erect herb 30 cm high; stem about 15
cm long, densely setulose, especially toward the tip,
gray; leaf blades oval-oblong, 9.5-1 1.5 cm long,
3.5-4.5 cm wide, obtuse, narrowed at base, thin,
repand, the upper surface glabrous, shining, the
costa and lateral veins (9-10 pairs) conspicuous,
arcuate, the lower surface drying a paler green
than the upper, glabrous except the costa and
lateral veins, these strigose; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm
long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem;
flowers borne on a solitary, sessile, terminal spike,
7-9 cm long, 2 cm wide (without corollas), the
bracts closely imbricate, spreading with age, the
spike subtended by a pair of large leaves; bracts
elliptic, 18-19 mm long, 8-9 mm wide just above
the middle, purplish, brown to dark brown when
dry, striate-nerved, acuminate, cuneate at base,
glabrous both within and without, the margins
spinulose-serrate from about the middle to the
apex with about 21-25 pairs of spreading teeth;
bractlets lanceolate, 3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, acuminate,
subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous, the
margins ciliolate; calyx 6 mm long, the segments
subulate, subequal, striate-nerved, glabrous, aristateacuminate,
the margins inconspicuously glandularpilose,
the posterior segment 1.5 mm wide near base,
the anterior pair 1 mm wide, the lateral pair 0.75
mm wide; corolla yellow, about 2.5 cm long, glabrous,
the tube narrow, short, the upper lip 5 mm
long, bifid, the lobes equal, the lower lip 3-parted,
the lobes subequal, the middle lobe longer and
broader than the lateral lobes, these equal, 5 mm
long; anthers slightly apiculate, glabrous; filaments
epipetalous, connate to middle of the tube; capsule
oblong, 10 mm long, brown, apiculate, nitid, glabrous;
seeds not seen.
TYPE.-Pohl 6031 (holotype W), Brazil, GoiPs,
“Porto d’Acunha.”
DrsTR1BUTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra obtusa is related to A. obtusifolia
but distinguishable by its narrower, elliptic, striatenerved
bracts and relatively narrower leaves. The
bracts of A. obtusifolia are 14 mm wide, reticulateveined
and ciliate, those of this species only 8-9
mm wide at the most, striate-nerved and glabrous.
64. Aphelandra goodspeedii Standley & Barkley
APhelandra goodspeedii Standley & Barkley, Madrono 9: 154.
1948.
Eranthemum igneurn Linden, Cat. 1867:5. 1867.-van Houtte,
F1. Serres 17, pl. 1722. 1867.-Morren, Rev. Hort. 1:491.
1867.
Chamaeranthemurn igneum (Linden) Regel, Gartenflora 17:
353, pl. 598. 1868.
Stenandrium’ igneum (Linden) Andre, Ill. Hort 24: 10, pl. 266.
1877. [non Stenandrium igneum Nees, 18471.
Stenandrium pictum N. E. Brown, Ill. Hort. 38:91. 1891 [nom.
nov.].
Xantheranthemurn igneurn (Linden) Lindau, Engl. Jahrb.
18:54. 1894.
Prostrate perennial herb to 15 cm high; stems
simple, subascending, rooting at the lower nodes,
setose; leaf blades spatulate to lanceolate, 3-8 cm
long, 0.9-2.4 cm wide, obtusely rounded, cuneate
and decurrent at base, subcoriaceous, entire or
subundulate, when dry bluish above, grayish below,
except whitish along costa and lateral veins, setose
on both surfaces but more abundantly so below;
petioles 2-4 mm long, densely pilose; flowers borne
in one or more terminal spikes about 4.5 cm long,
the peduncle about 0.8 cm long, pilose like the
rachis, stem, and petioles; bracts green, lanceolate,
acuminate, repand-serrate toward tip with about 5
pairs of teeth, 3.5-4 mm wide, and 12 mm long, in
fruit ovate-lanceolate, about 4 mm wide, 12 mm
long, hirsute on the outer surface; bractlets lanceolate,
acuminate, entire, puberulent, membranaceoussubhyaline,
about 4.5 mm long; calyx segments
lanceolate, acuminate, entire, minutely ciliate on
NUMBER 18 65
the margins, subhyaline, delicately striate-nerved,
about 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the lateral pair 4.5
mm long and 0.75 mm wide; corolla yellow, glabous
to sparingly puberulent, the tube 2 cm long,
2 mm wide at base, 4.5 mm wide at mouth, the
upper lip 4 mm long, the tip divided into obtuse
lobes 1.5 mm long and 2 mm wide, the lower lip
3-lobed, the middle lobe suborbicular, 5 mm long
and 6 mm wide, the lateral lobes obovate, 3.5 mm
wide; stamens barely reaching the mouth of the
corolla tube; anthers 2 mm long, obtuse, bearing
tufts of long weak hairs; filaments pilose; ovary
and style glabrous; capsule about 7.5 mm long,
glabrous; valves recurved after dehiscence; seeds
four.
TYPE.-H. E. Stork 6. 0. B. Horton 9597 (holotype
UC), Peru, Huanuco, 10 km downstream from
Tingo Maria, 630 m alt, 2 Nov 1938.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Deep humus shade, Andean Peru,
at elevations between 300-1100 meters, in the departments
of San Martin, Huanuco, Cusco, and
Madre de Dios. PERU. SAN MARTIN: Tingo Maria,
near Cueva de las Lechugas, 625-1 100 m alt, 30 Oct
1949-19 Feb 1950, Allard 21400 (US); Tingo
Maria, 12 Aug 1940, Asplund 12991 (S). HUANUCO:
Posuso, Ju1 186?, Pearce 277, 588 (K); Pachitea:
Honoria, road to Agamiria, 300 m alt, 17 Nov 1966,
Schunke 1238 (F, US); road to Shahuinto to 3 km
from Iparia camp, 5 Apr 1967, Schunke 1818 (F,
US); Puerto Inca, trail to the Shiringal Agua Dolce
camp, 6 Dec 1968, Schunke 2819 (F, US). CUSCO:
Paucartambo: Between Pilcopata and Keros, 680
m alt, 28 Ju1 1965, Vargas 16354 (US); between
Keros and Kosnipata, 750 m alt, 7 Feb 1966, Vaygas
17866 (US). MADRE DE DIOS: Rio Acre, Nov 1911,
UZe 9828 (K). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Kew, 5
Sep 1891, (holotype of Stenandrium picturn N. E.
Brown ) .
65. Aphelandra maculata (Tafalla ex Nees) Voss
FIGURE 14
Aphelandra maculata (Tafalla ex Nees) Voss, Vilmorin’s
Blumeng. ed. 3, 1:819. 1894.
Lagochilium maculatum Tafalla ex Nees, in de Candolle,
Prodr. 11:290. 1847.
Stenandrium lindeni N. E. Brown, Ill. Hort. 38:91, pl. 136.
1891.
Stenandriurn X beeckmanianum L. Linden, 111. Hort. 39: 121,
pl. 166. 1892 [hybrid of cross between Stenandrium picturn
8 and S. lindeni 91.
Herb 15-16 cm high; stems prostrate, rooting at
the base, sparingly branched, about 3 mm in diameter,
puberulous; leaf blades oblong, 9-15 cm long,
3-5 cm wide, obtusely rounded, gradually narrowed
from slightly above the middle to base and decurrent
on the petiole, thin, entire or subundulate,
the upper surface grayish olive except along the
costa and lateral veins here distinctly marked with
deep greenish yellow spots, the lower surface light
purple, glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously
strigillose both above and below; petioles 10-15
mm long, densely sericeous; flowers borne in one
or more lax, terminal, cylindric spikes, these 4-6
cm long, the peduncle slender, purplish, 2-3 cm
long, densely sericeous, the rachis flat, puberulous;
bracts greenish yellow, imbricate, spreading with
age, oblong-oval, 12 mm long, 5 mm wide, acuminate,
slightly narrowed at base, the outer surface
sparingly puberulous, the margins repand-serrate
just above the middle of the bract bearing 4 pairs
of ascending teeth (0.5-1 mm long); bractlets
lanceolate, carinate, membranaceous-subhyaline, 3
mm long and 0.5 mm wide, sparingly ciliate;
calyx segments lanceolate, the posterior segment
6 mm long and 1.2 mm wide near base, the anterior
pair 6 mm long and 0.8 mm wide at base, the
lateral pair 6 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, all
membranaceous, narrowed upwardly to a slender
tip, the margins sparingly ciliate; corolla yellow,
pale green when dry, 2.2-2.3 cm long, sparingly
and inconspicuously glandular pilose, the tube 1.5
mm broad from base to 1 cm above base, thence
enlarged (abruptly) to 4.5 mm at throat, the upper
lip obovate, 4.5 mm long and 6 mm wide, bilobed,
the lobes 1.5 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, obtuse,
the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal, the middle lobe
obovate, 3.5 mm long, 5 mm wide, retuse, the lateral
lobes obovate, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse;
anthers 2 mm long, obtuse, bearing tufts of long
weak hairs; filaments epipetalous, glabrous; ovary
and style glabrous; capsule greenish yellow, clavate,
9 mm long, 2 mm broad, glabrous, minutely
punctate; seeds muricate, dark brown, 2 mm long
and 1.5 mm broad.
LECTOTYPE.--HUZI 34 (holotype K), Ecuador,
Guayaquil, Caniguo.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Deep shade of dense woods, Ecuador,
Peru, and Bolivia. ECUADOR. CHIMBORAZO:
El Limhn, Ju1 1860, Spruce s.n. (K). PERU. sAN
MART~N: Mariscal Caceres: Tocache Nuevo, La
66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BbTANY
Campinna, 400 m alt, 9 Sep 1969, Schunke 3407
(F, US); Tocache Nuevo, Puerto Pizana, 15 Jan
1971, Schunke 4658 (F, US); forest near Cerro de
Cumbasso, Mar 1903, UZe 6818 (HBG). AYACUCHO:
Estrella, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, 500
m alt, 8, 14 May 1929, Killip 6. Smith 23088 (US);
La Mar: Hacienda Luisiana, 585 m alt, 8 Jun 1968,
Dudley 10020 (NA). BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: Ixiamas-
Tumupasa trail, 450 m alt, 1901-1902, WiZZiams
298 (NY); Tumupasa, 450 m alt, 4 Dec 1921, Cardenas
1954 (NY). CULTIVATED MATERIAL: Cult. in
Hort. Bot. Kew, Dec 1893, (holotype of Stenandrium
lindeni N. E. Brown).
66. Aphelandra siluicola Leonard
Aphelandra silvicola Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
157. 1953.
Herbs; stems ascending, sparingly branched,
about 25 cm high, rooting at the lower nodes,
strigose; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 9-1 2 cm
long and 4 cm wide, obtuse to obtusish, narrowed
at base, thin, entire, both surfaces thinly strigose
except the costa, this densely so, the hairs about
0.5 mm long, the costa and veins (7 or 8 pairs)
banded by a narrow area of white or yellow; petioles
to 4 cm long, winged, strigose; flowers borne
in terminal, peduncled spikes, these 2 cm long and
1.5 cm broad, the peduncle 3 cm long, both peduncle
and rachis appressed-pubescent; bracts
green, imbricate, somewhat spreading, ovate, 1 cm
long, 4.5 mm wide, acute or obtusish, bearing toward
the tip 2 or 3 small triangular-ascending
teeth, 7-nerved, softly puberulent; bractlets broadly
lanceolate, 6.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, acuminate,
hyaline and finely parallel-nerved, glabrous except
the opaque, pubescent costa; calyx segments
lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subhyaline, finely
parallel-nerved, minutely ciliolate with glandtipped
hairs, the posterior segment 6 mm long and
1.5 mm wide, the anterior pair slightly shorter, 1
mm wide, the lateral pair 5 mm long and 0.5 mm
wide; corolla yellow, 2.5 cm long, sparingly pubescent,
the tube narrow, 2 mm in diameter at base,
4 mm at throat, the lobes suborbicular, subequal,
about 3 or 4 mm long; stamens included; capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-Sneidern 923 (holotype S, US photo
3647), Colombia, Cauca, primitive forest of El
Tambo, La Costa, 800 m alt, 31 Ju1 1936.
locality.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from the type-
67. Aphelandra maximiliana (Nees) Bentham
FIGURE 5
Aphelandra maximilianu (Nees) Bentham in Bentham &
Hooker, Genera Plantarum 2, pt. 2. 1103. 1876.-Lindau
in Engler & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 4. Abt. 3b:322.
1895.
Lagochiliurn maximiliatiurn Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:85.
1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:293. 1847.
Shrubby plant; stems straight, trichotomously
branched, terete and glabrous below, subquadrangular
and strigillose above; leaf blades ellipticoblong,
18-25 cm long, 4 cm wide, acuminate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
rather firm, entire or subrepand, shining above,
tomentulose beneath, the costa and lateral veins
(10-15 pairs) conspicuous but not protruding on
either surface, the veins transversely connected;
petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5-2 cm long, canaliculate,
glabrous; flowers borne in 1-5, dense, terminal
spikes, these 6-10 cm long, about 2 cm broad,
the bracts closely imbricate; bracts rigid, scarious,
thick-nerved, obovate, 8-13 mm long, 6-8 mm wide
below the tip, cuspidate, cuneate at base, setaceousserrate
with 6-8 teeth on each side, dorsally pubescent;
bractlets lanceolate, 5-7 mm long, 2 mm
wide, long-acuminate, striate-nerved, carinate, dorsally
pubescent; calyx 6-7 mm long, the posterior
segment lance-subulate, 2 mm wide, acuminate,
the anterior pair lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, slenderly
acuminate, the lateral pair carinate, 1 mm
wide, long-acuminate, all segments striate-nerved,
dorsally sparingly pilosulous; corolla tubular, 2.5
cm long, red, glandular-pilose without, the tube
cylindric, 3 mm broad at base, the upper narrowly
ampliate, about 4 mm broad at mouth, the limb
slightly oblique, the corolla lips short, ovate, the
upper slightly shorter than the lower, the upper
lip erect, 2 mm long and 2 mm wide, entire,
obtusely and retrorsely rounded, the lower lip 3-
lobed, the lobes erect, the middle lobe broadest, 2
mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse at apex, the two
lateral lobes 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, obtuse;
stamens included, not reaching the mouth of the
corolla tube; anthers 4 mm long, hirsute, apicuNUMBER
18 67
late, filaments 12 mm long, glabrous to sparingly
hirsute; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Maximilian Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied s.n.
(syntype BR), Brazil, Espirito Santo: Arassatibae
near Barra de Jacu, 1816. Sellow sen. (K), 233 (syntype
B, destroyed, F photo 8710), Brazil, without
locality.
DIsTRIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality.
In the original description Nees states that Aphelandra
maximilianu is related to A. obtusa but
distinct from it.
68. Aphelandra ferreyrae Wasshausen
Aphelandra ferreyrae Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:465. 1973.
Herb about 50 cm high; stem terete, rather sparingly
appressed puberulent; leaf blades oblongelliptic,
21-25 cm long and 6-7 cm wide, acuminate
at apex, the tip itself blunt, cuneate at base, green,
entire or obscurely crenate, glabrous or sparingly
pilosulous, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa
and lateral veins (about 12 pairs on each side of
the costa); petioles to 6 cm long, minutely pilosulous;
flowers borne in several, opposite spikes,
these borne in the axils of the upper leaf blades,
15-18 cm long and 10-15 mm wide, the bracts
rather loosely imbricate, the rachis and peduncles
(3-5 cm long), puberulent, the hairs appressed or
spreading toward tip of spike; bracts oblongobovate,
10-13 mm long, 6 mm wide, acuminate,
abruptly apiculate at tip, firm, green, puberulent,
5-7-nerved from middle to within 2 mm of tip,
the nerves ending in about 6 erect-spreading,
spiny teeth, these slender, to 1.5 mm long; bractlets
oblong, 7 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, acute, pubescent
toward tip, striate-nerved; posterior calyx
segment about 8 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, the
others 7 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, all oblong,
acute, ciliolate toward tip, striate-nerved; corolla
yellow, minutely pubescent, 2-2.5 cm long, the tube
2-3 mm wide at base, gradually enlarged to 6 mm
at mouth, slightly curved, the lips subequal, the
upper one obovate, 4-5 mm long and 6-10 mm
wide, 2-lobed, the lobes 2-4 mm long, 3-5.5 mm
wide, obtuse at apex, the lower lip %lobed, the
middle lobe 4-7 mm long and 5-7 mm wide, the
lateral lobes similar but smaller, all rounded or
emarginate at apex; stamens included; filaments
1 cm long, pubescent; anthers 3 mm long; ovary
glabrous below, pubescent at tip; style about as
long as the stamens, rather sparingly pilosulous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.--R. Ferreyra 4333 (holotype US), Peru,
HuPnuco, Puento Tulumayo, between Tingo Maria
and Divisoria, 700-750 m alt, 24 Ju1 1948.
DISTRIBUTION.-Dense forests, Amazonian Peru
in the departments of Loreto and Huanuco. PERU.
LORETO: Between Yurimaguas and Balsapuerto
(lower Rio Huallaga basin), 135-150 m alt, 26-31
Aug 1929, Killip Q A . C. Smith 28254 (US). Huh-
NUCO: Huanuco, Rio Monzon, near Tingo Maria,
700 m alt, 21 Jun 1953, Ferreyra 9303 (US); Tingo
Maria, marshy forest, 5 Aug 1940, Asplund 12745
(S); Leoncio Prado, 5 km S of Tingo Maria, 672 m
alt, 4 Ju1 1969, Schunke 3271 (F, US).
Aphelandra ferreyrae is closely affiliated with A.
paruiflora, a Colombian species. It is easily separated
from A. paruiflora by its green leaf blades
and larger floral parts. In A. parviflora the leaf
blades are purple beneath, the corolla 1.5 cm long
or less, the bractlets lance-subulate and 3.5 mm
long, and the calyx segments barely 6 mm long. In
contrast, the corolla of this new Peruvian species
is 2-2.5 cm long, the bractlets oblong and 7 mm
long, and the calyx segments 7-8 mm long.
This species is named in honor of Sr. Ram6n
Ferreyra, of the University of San Marcos, in recognition
of his invaluable service to Peruvian
botany.
69. Aphelandra tessmannii Mildbraed
Aphelandra tessmatinii Mildbraed, Notizbl. 9:985. 1926.
Low herb to 17 cm high, the stem simple, subligneous,
terete, glabrescent toward base, quadrangular
with obtuse angles and densely strigose toward
tip; leaf blades oblongelliptic, about 9 cm
long and 3 cm wide, obtuse at both ends, entire,
strigose with stiff subappressed hairs which are
densest on the costa and lateral nerves (about 8
on each side of the costa); petioles about 1.5 cm
long, pilose; spike terminal, about 7 cm long, peduncle
very short; bracts elliptic or somewhat
obovate-elliptic, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide, acuminate,
margin and outer surface silky-hirsute, glabrous
within, inconspicuously denticulate; bractlets
11 mm long, 1.5 mm wide just above the base, nar68
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
rowed to a slender tip, pubescent without with a
mixture of long silky hairs and short glandular
hairs; calyx segments similar but sparingly glandular
pilose, the posterior segment broader than
the anterior and lateral segments; corolla white,
glandular-puberulent, the tube about 18 mm long,
slightly enlarged, the upper lip about 7 mm long,
oblong, the tip divided into 2 short obtuse lobes,
the lobes of the lower lip divided to base, subequal,
6-7 mm long and about 2 mm wide; filaments
about 14 mm long, pilose toward base; anthers 2.5
mm long; ovary glabrous below, pilose above; style
about 22 mm long, sparingly pilose.
TYPE.-G. Tessmann 4778 (holotype B, lost, F
photo 8679), Peru, Upper Marafion, Puerto Melendez,
below Pongo de Manseriche, 155 m alt, 17
Dec 1924. Bracts green, flowers white, anthers bright
ochre.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra tessmannii is characterized by the
long appressed straight strigose hairs of the stem
and leaf blades and the silky pubescence of the
bracts. This description was compiled from the
original; no material is available except a photo
of the holotype.
70. Aphelandra mollis (Nees) Leonard
Aphelandra mollis (Nees) Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
Lagochilium molle Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:292. 1847.
31:154. 1953.
Decumbent herb; stems about 2.5 mm in diameter,
pubescent, the hairs sordid; leaf blades ovate,
to 11 cm long and 6 cm wide, the greatest width
at about 1/4 the length of the blade from base,
rather gradually narrowed thence to the obtuse
tip, obtuse rounded or shallowly and obliquely
cordate at base and narrowly decurrent on the
petiole nearly to the stem, thin, entire or undulate,
the upper surface glabrous or sparingly pilose,
minutely faveolate under lens, the costa and lateral
veins (8-10 pairs) inconspicuous, arcuate, the
lower surface drying a lighter green than theupper,
sparingly pilose; petioles to 6 cm long, the
pubescence similar to that of the stems; flowers
borne in 1 or 2 simple terminal lax spikes, these
6-11 cm long, the peduncle to 6 cm long, pilose;
bracts green, oblongovate, to 14 mm long and 5
mm wide, acute, the tip obtuse, narrowed at base,
thin, glabrous or sparingly pilosulous, the margins
spinulose-serrate above middle, sparingly ciliolate;
bractlets subulate, costate, subhyaline, ciliate;
calyx 5 mm long, the posterior segment broadly
lanceolate, 1.25 mm wide, obtuse and apiculate,
the middle and anterior pairs lanceolate, 1 mm
wide, slenderly acuminate, all subhyaline, striatenerved,
glabrous, ciliolate; corolla 2.2 cm long,
glabrous to sparingly puberulent, a bright, soft
yellow, the lower portion cylindric, 1 mm broad,
the upper narrowly ampliate, about 5 mm broad
at mouth, the lobes subequal, 6-7 mm long, the
lower lobe about 6 mm wide, the others about 3
mm wide, all rounded, the margins undulate: stamens
10-15 mm long; anthers 2 mm long, 0.25 mm
wide, contiguous at least at tip by a webby tomentum;
capsules 1 cm long, about 2 mm broad,
pointed, glabrous, puncticulate, potentially 4-
seeded; seeds brown, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide, about
1 mm thick, sparingly brown hirtellous.
TYPE.-Goudot s.n. (holotype K, isotype P),
Colombia, Cundinamarca: May 1844.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia in the departments
of Santander and Cundinamarca. COLOMBIA.
SANTANDER: Camp Mesa, in the vicinity of Barranca,
Magdalena Valley, between Rio Sogamoso and
Rio Colorado, 100-500 m alt, 5 Jan' 1935, Huught
1497 (US).
71. Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard
Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
31:709. 1958.
Erect herbs to 35 cm high; stems suberect or
ascending, subterete, strigose, the internodes to
5 cm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, to 10 cm
long and 4.5 cm wide, subobtuse, cuneate at base
and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm,
entire or undulate, sparingly hirsute, the hairs to
0.5 mm long, confined chiefly to the costa and
lateral veins (9-10 pairs), these and the coarsely
reticulate veinlets moderately prominent beneath,
obscure above; petioles to 1.5 cm long, hirtellous,
the hairs resembling those on the stem; spikes
terminal, to 3 cm long and 1.5-2 cm broad (excluding
spread of corollas), dense, the peduncles about
2 mm long, densely sericeous-strigose; bracts
green, subchartaceous, ovate, 11-12 mm long and
NUMBER 18
7 mm wide at middle, the lower half entire, the
upper half serrate, the teeth (about 5) ascending,
abruptly acuminate from a broad base, about 1
mm long, the bracts acute and-apiculate, the base
broadly cuneate, both surfaces glabrous, the costa
and 1 or 2 pairs of lateral nerves prominent, veinlets
coarsely and prominently reticulate; bractlets
lanceolate, subhyaline, subchartaceous, 4.5 mm
long, 0.75 mm wide just above base, acuminate,
carinate, minutely ciliolate, the costa prominent
and bearing a few small hairs; calyx segments
lanceolate, 7 mm long, subchartaceous and subhyaline,
acute and terminating in weak spines about
1 mm long, glabrous to inconspicuously ciliolate,
delicately striate-nerved, the posterior segment
about 2 mm wide, the lateral segments 1 mm wide,
the anterior ones 1.5 mm wide; corolla yellow,
sparingly hirtellous, 2-2.5 cm long, the tube 2 mm
wide at base, narrowed to 1.25 mm at 2 mm above
base, the throat 4-5 mm broad, the lips ascending,
about equal, 6-7 mm long, the upper lip cuneate,
about 6 mm wide near tip, bilobed, the lobes 3 mm
long, 3.5-4 mm wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-
lobed, the lobes obovate, about 5 nim long, the
middle lobe 7 mm wide, the lateral ones 3.5-4 mm
wide, all rounded; stamens slightly exserted but
not exceeding the lips; anthers 2.5-3 mm long,
glabrous except the arachnoid cohering tips; filaments
sparingly pilose; ovary glabrous; capsules
not seen.
TYPE.-Grunt 981 1 (holotype US, isotype US),
Colombia, Cundinamarca, Cordillera Oriental, in
the San Antonio Valley, 15 km SE of Gutierrez and
60 km S of Bogota, 1575 m alt, 2 Aug 1944.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia in the departments
of Antioquia, Caldas, and Cundinamarca.
COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: In forest shade on the Rio
Verde, 1350-1500 m alt, 27 June 1880, Kalbreyer
1849 (K). CALDAS: Above Villavicencio, 850 m ah,
20 Mar 1939, Alston 7655 (BM, US).
72. Aphelandra fosbergii Leonard
Aphelandra fosbergii Leonard, Contrib. 1J.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
711. 1958.
Herbs to 30 cm high; stems subterete, ascending,
rooting at the lower nodes, hirsute, light
brown, to 1.5 mm long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic,
to 6.5 cm long and 2 cm wide, short-acuminate, the
tip subacute, narrowed at base and decurrent on
the petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate,
both surfaces hirsute, the hairs to 1.25 mm long,
light brownish, the costa and lateral veins (about
6 pairs) more or less prominent beneath (hidden
somewhat by the pubescence), obscure above;
petioles about 0.5 cm long, pilose; spikes terminal,
solitary, about 1.5 cm long and broad, the rachis
densely brownish pilose; bracts ovate, herbaceous,
20 mm long and 16 mm wide (at least the lowermost
pair), acuminate, the margins ciliate (the
hairs up to 1 mm long) and bearing about 4 slender
ascending teeth up to (the lowermost) 4 mm
long, the upper or inner surface glabrous sparingly
hirsute at base, the lower or outer surface hirsute,
the hairs mostly borne in the costal region but
diminishing toward the margins; bractlets narrowly
lanceolate, 12.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide,
striate-nerved, the inner surface glabrous, the
outer hirsute, the hairs to 1.5 mm long; calyx 12
mm long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, the
upper half hirsute and ciliate, the lower half
glabrous, in other respects resembling the bractlets;
corolla rose, sparingly puberulent, 2.2 cm
long, narrowly hypocrateriform, the lower part of
the tube about 1 mm broad, the mouth 2.5 mm
broad, the lips subequal, about 8 mm long, ascending,
the upper obcordate, about 6 mm wide, the
lower 3-lobed, the lobes suborbicular, about 3 mm
long, the middle one 4 mm wide, the lateral 3 mm
wide, all rounded; stamens reaching the mouth
of the corolla tube; anthers about 1.5 mm long;
ovary tipped by a few straight erect white hairs
about 0.38 mm long; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Grant Q Fosberg 9319 (holotype US),
Colombia, Cundinamarca, Cordillera Oriental, at
San Isidro, 8 km S of Gachala, 2450 m alt, 26 May
1944.
DIsTRIauTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
73. Aphelandra parviflora Leonard
Aphelandra pamiflora Leonard, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25:
439. 1935; Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:153. 1953.
Herbs 25-35 cm high; stems ascending, rooting
at the lower nodes, strigose; leaves usually several,
the blades oblong, to 25 cm long and 18 cm wide,
elliptic, obtuse, cuneate at base, decurrent on the
70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
petioles, entire or undulate, purple beneath, sparingly
strigillose, except the costa and lateral veins
(15-18 pairs), these strigose; petioles slender, to 6
cm long, strigillose; spikes slender, to 13 cm long,
about 1 cm in diameter, the peduncles to 12 cm
long, strigose, bearing a pair of bractlike leaves
about 2 cm below the base of the spike; bracts
green, rather loosely imbricate, erect-spreading,
elliptic, 1 cm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, acuminate, ending
in an obtuse tip, firm, veiny, sparingly strigose,
bearing on each side several erect-spreading teeth
to 1.5 mm long; bractlets lance-subulate, 3.5 mm
long, 1 mm wide at base, thin, subhyaline, nerved;
calyx segments narrowly oblong, acuminate, subequal,
5-6 mm long, the posterior one 2 mm wide,
the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1
mm wide, all subhyaline, striate-nerved, glandularciliolate;
corolla pale yellow, 1-1.5 cm long, obliquely
funnel-form, sparingly puberulent, the
tube 1 mm broad at base, about 4 mm broad at
mouth, the limb about 8 mm broad, the lips equal,
the upper one 2-lobed, 5.4 mm wide, the lower 3-
lobed, the lobes orbicular, 4.5 mm in diameter;
stamens included.
TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 202 (holotype K, US
photo, isotypes MO, NY, US), Colombia, Boyaci,
in region of Mount Chapbn, 100 m NW of Bogoti,
1050 m alt, 10 Jun 1932.
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality.
74. Aphelundra ochrolarynx Leonard
Aphelandra ochrolarynx Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
31:160. 1953.
Herbs; stem ascending, to 7 cm high, moderately
hirtellous; the leaves usually about 10, somewhat
crowded at the tip of the stem, the blades oblongovate
or oblong-elliptic, to 12 cm long and 5.5 cm
wide, subacute, narrowed at base, submembranaceous,
entire or undulate, the upper surface
densely pilose, the hairs to 1 mm long, yellowish,
the costa and lateral veins (8-10 pairs) obscure,
the lower surface appressed pilose, the hairs about
0.75 mm long, more numerous on the costa and
lateral nerves; petioles to 2 cm long, densely pilose,
the hairs about 1 mm long; spikes several, terminal
and subterminal, 8-11 cm long, lax at maturity,
the peduncles (to 5 cm long) and rachises rather
densely yellowish pilose; bracts erect or ascending,
spreading at maturity, oblong-rhombic, to 15 mm
long and 6 mm wide, acuminate, pilose (the hairs
about 1 mm long), the margins bearing 3 pairs of
slender ascending teeth to 3 mm long and 0.25 mm
wide at base; bractlets oblong-lanceolate, to 1 cm
long and 2 mm wide, acuminate, subcarinate,
moderately pilose dorsally, finely and obscurely
parallel-nerved; calyx segments narrowly linearlanceolate,
acuminate, finely striate, obscurely and
sparingly ciliolate with glandular hairs, the posterior
segment 7 mm long, 1 mm wide, the anterior
segments 6.5 mm long and slightly over 0.75 mm
wide, the lateral segments 6 mm long and 0.75 mm
wide; corolla about 1.5 cm long, white with a
yellow patch in front of the throat, finely and
sparingly pubescent, the lips about 5 mm long,
the lobes ovate, rounded or shallowly emarginate;
stamens exserted about 4 mm beyond the mouth
of the corolla throat; anthers 1.5 mm long and
0.5 mm wide, webby at tip; filaments glabrous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.--. A. Sprugue 601 (holotype K, US photo
3628), Colombia, Putumayo, San JosC, along Rio
Putumayo, 3 Aug 1899.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
75. Aphelandra rigida Glaziou ex Mildbraed
Aphelandra rigida Glaziou ex Mildbraed, Notizbl. Bot. Gard.
Aphelandra rigida Glaziou, Bull. SOC. Bot. France, 58, Mbm.
Berlin 11:65. 1930.
3f:535. 1911 [nomen tantum].
Sub-shrub, to 1 m high or more; stems terete,
rigid, glabrous, shining, palely straw-yellow, barely
3 mm thick; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, 12-21
cm long and 2-3 cm wide, long acuminate, narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather
firm, entire, both surfaces usually glabrous, the
costa and lateral veins (12-14 pairs) conspicuous
but not protruding on either surface, the veins
transversely connected, the lower surface drying
a lighter olive-green; petioles (unwinged portion)
1.5-2 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous; flowers borne
in a dense, solitary and terminal or several, then
terminal and subterminal spikes, 6-10 cm long,
about 2 cm broad, the rachis glabrous; bracts red,
rigid, scarious, thick-nerved, ovate, lanceolate, 14-
17 mm long, 6-7 mm wide, extremely long
subulate-acuminate, cuneate at base, the margin
NUMBER 18 71
spinose-dentate, with 5-7 erect, somewhat spreading
teeth on both sides, these 2.5 mm long, mucronulate,
glabrous both within and without;
bractlets lanceolate, 10-11 mm long, 2 mm wide
near the base, long-acuminate, striate-nerved, subhyaline,
carinate, glabrous or the keel sparingly
puberulous; calyx 13-14 mm long, the posterior
segment triangular, 4.5 mm wide at base, longacuminate,
mucronulate, the anterior pair lanceolate,
2.5 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, the lateral
pair carinate, 2 mm wide, long-acuminate, all
segments striate-nerved, glabrous both within and
without; corolla tubular, about 1.7 cm long, red,
moderately glandular-pilose without, the tube
cylindric, 2.5 mm wide at base, the upper narrowly
ampliate, about 2.5 mm broad at mouth, the lips
somewhat short, equal, ovate, the upper lip erect,
2 mm long and 2 mm wide, bilobed at middle, the
lobes obtusely rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the
lobes erect, the middle lobe broadest, 2 mm long,
1.5 mm wide, obtuse, the two lateral lobes 2 mm
long, 1 mm wide, obtuse; stamens included, not
reaching the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers
3 mm long; filaments epipetalous just above the
corolla base, 8 mm long; pollen grains narrowly
oblong, 85p long, 30p wide; capsule narrowly
ovoid, chestnut-colored, shining, apiculate, 8-9 mm
long, 3 mm thick; seeds flattened, 2 mm in diameter,
dense, short, fibrillose-papillose.
TYPE.-Glaziou 18400 (holotype B, destroyed, F
photo 8714, isotypes K, LE, P), Brazil, Rio de
Janeiro, Alto Macahe de Novo Friburgo, 15 Jun
1891. F photo 8714 bears the name “Aphelandra
stenophylla Mildbr. nov. spec XI, 1930,” which is
a herbarium name only.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from type-locality.
BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Frade de Macahe, 17-21
Jun 1937, Brade 15829 (RB, US).
Aphelandra rigida is closely related to A. maximiliana,
differing from the latter, however, in the
size and shape of the leaf blades and bracts. In
A. maximiliana the leaf blades are elliptic-oblong
and wider (about 4 cm) and the bracts are smaller
and much shorter at the apex.
76. Aphelundra caput-medusae Lindau
Aphelandra caput-medusae Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser.,
2 (4):325. 1904.
Plants unbranched herbs, 10-20 cm high; the
stem pubescent; leaves scattered near the base of
the stem, crowded near the apex, the blades elliptic,
5-10 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, apically rounded,
basally somewhat narrowed, entire or undulate,
sparingly pilose above, pubescent below, especially
near the lateral veins, obscurely green and striae
somewhat palely marked; petioles 1-3 cm long,
pubescent; spike terminal, sessile, about 3 cm long,
the rachis pubescent, densely flowering; bracts imbricate,
17-20 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, recurved at
apex, pubescent, the lower ovate, acute, entire,
the upper somewhat smaller, the margin provided
with 3-4 teeth, these ciliate at apex with recurved
hairs; bractlets lanceolate, 10 mm long and 2 mm
wide, puberulent; calyx segments subequal, 6-8
mm long and 1-1.5 mm wide, puberulent; corolla
whitish lilac, glabrous, the tube 8 mm long, basally
1 mm wide, apically 2 mm in diameter, the upper
lip 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, obscurely 2-lobed
at apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes rounded,
subequal, about 4 mm long and 2.5 mm wide:
filaments epipetalous at middle of the tube, 4-5
mm long, glabrous; anthers 2 mm long, glabrous;
pollen grains typical, 5Op-55p long, 35p-4Op in
diameter; ovary disc short, 2 mm high; style 8 mm
long, pilose; stigma scarcely bifid; mature capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-Ule 5499 (holotype B, destroyed, F photo
8702, isotype HBG), Brazil, Acre, in the vicinity of
the Jurua River, near Bocca do Tejo, May 1901.
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from around the
type-locality. BRAZIL. ACRE: Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio
Jurua 8c Rio Moa, Aldeota, Rio Jurua-Mirim, 23
May 1971, Maas, Kubitzki, Steward, Ramos, Pinheiro
(?. Lima P13275 (NY, US). PERU. HUANUCO:
Southwestern slope of the Rio LlullaPichis watershed,
on the ascent of Cerros del Sira, 250 m alt,
21 Jun 1969, Wolfe 12128 A (F, NA).
Aphelandra caput-medusae, according to Lindau,
belongs with the group containing A. ornata
and A. decorata, etc., and is sharply distinguished
from these species by its bracts. The short spike,
because of the long cilium on the bracts, appears
as an unkempt, tangled, thrown back head of
hairs.
77. Aphelandra botanodes Leonard
Aphelandra botanodes Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
155. 1953.
72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Herbs; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblongelliptic,
to 20 cm long and 6 cm wide, acuminate,
narrowed at base, membranaceous, entire, glabrous,
the costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs)
moderately prominent; petioles to 2 cm long,
glabrous; flowers borne in a 3-parted inflorescence,
the peduncle to 4 cm long, strigillose, the
secondary peduncles 1-2 cm long, slender, strigillose,
the spikes 2-4 cm long, dense, the bracts
spreading or ascending, the rachis puberulous, the
internodes of the spikes to 8 mm long; bracts
subtending the secondary peduncles lanceolate,
12-15 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, those subtending
the flower cluster (these sessile or borne on puberulous
peduncles to 3 mm long) ovate, 7 mm
long and 4 mm wide, acute, thin, glabrous, sparingly
punctate, ciliate, the margins bearing towards
tip a small pair of teeth, the costa prominent;
bractlets obliquely lanceolate, carinate, 2 mm long,
0.5 mm wide, acute, subhyaline, ciliate, the costa
prominent; calyx 3 mm long, the segments lanceolate,
acute, subhyaline, delicately nerved, the mar.
gins sparingly ciliolate, the posterior segment
1 mm wide, the anterior and lateral segments
slightly narrower; corolla puberulous, rose-blue
(“roseo-cianeis”) about 0.7 cm long, the tube
slender, 1 mm broad at base and throat, slightly
wider above middle, the lips 3.5 mm long, the
upper lip ovate, about 2 mm broad, obtuse, the
lower lip 3-parted, the lobes divided nearly to base,
obovate, about 1.5 mm wide, obtuse, ciliate; stamens
reaching the mouth of the corolla tube;
anthers about 2 mm long and 0.5 mm broad, acute
at both ends, pilose and cohering at tip; filaments
slender, about 0.5 mm long; ovary glabrous; style
slender, 3 mm long; stigma flat, lanceolate, acute,
0.5 mm long and 0.25 mm wide.
TYPE.-J. Triana s.n. (holotype COL, isotypes
K. P, US photo 3645), Colombia, Choc6, Novita,
170 m alt, Mar 1853.
DrsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
78. Aphelandra decorata (Nees) Wasshausen,
new combination
Stenandrium decoraturn Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:79. 1847.
Lagochilizcm decorntzcm Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:291.
Decumbent herb, the reclining portion rooting,
1847.
the erect portion 5-10 cm high, strigose-hirsute;
leaf blades oblong-oval, 8-10 cm long, obtuse at
apex, narrowed at base, reticulate, entire, the
costa and veins bordered with a narrow band of
white or yellow, strigose; petioles 6-10 mm long,
strigose-hirsute; spike short, up to 2 cm long, terminal,
sessile; bracts obovate-cuneate, acute and
mucronate, 9 mm long, 4 mm wide, 3-5-nerved,
the nerves ending in small ascending teeth, more
or less hirsute; corolla red, somewhat glabrous,
about 1.3 cm long, the tube shorter than the
throat, the lobes subequal, ovate, the upper slightly
shorter than the lower; stamens included.
TwE.-Sellow 114 and 234 (holotype B, destroyed),
Brazil, locality not given. A photograph
(F photo 8703) of a Sellow specimen at Berlin
gives the following data: Southern Brazil, between
Campo and Vitoria.
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality.
The photograph of A. decorata shows a close
affinity with A. ornata. As no specimens other than
the Sellow photograph were available for study,
the description was compiled largely from the
original.
79. Aphelandra adscendens Leonard
Aphelandra adscendens Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
31:158. 1953.
Herbs; stem ascending, rooting at the base, sparingly
branched, about 4 mm in diameter, rather
sparsely strigose, leaf blades oblong to oblanceolate,
to 25 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, rounded or
abruptly narrowed into a short slightly obtuse tip
about 2 mm long, gradually narrowed from slightly
above the middle to base and decurrent on the
petiole, thin, entire, the upper surface drying
brownish, pilose, the lower surface drying greenish,
strigose, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and
lateral veins, these more prominent beneath than
above; petioles to 3 cm long, the pubescence that
of the blade; spikes terminal and lateral, to 5 cm
long and 1 cm broad, the peduncle slender, 2-3
cm long, densely strigose, the hairs yellowish, the
pubescence of the rachis the same as that of the
peduncle; bracts rhombic-ovate, 10.5 mm long,
5 mm wide, short-acuminate (the tip blunt) narrowed
at base, the outer surface densely pilose,
NUMBER 18 73
the margins just above the middle of the bract
bearing 2-3 pairs of small, ascending teeth (0.5
mm long), the inner surface glabrous, the five
veins prominent but slender, parallel; bractlets
lanceolate, carinate, substriate, 5 mm long and
0.75 mm wide at slightly below the middle, narrowly
acute, dorsally pilose, the marginal region
thin, subhyaline, sparingly ciliate, the hairs minute,
blunt; calyx segments lanceolate, the posterior
segment 6.5 mm long and 1.25 mm wide near
base, the anterior pair 6.25 mm long and 1 mm
wide at base, the lateral pair 5 mm long and 0.75
mm wide, all striate-nerved, narrowed upwardly to
a slender tip, the margins very sparingly ciliate,
the hairs minute and papillate; corolla about 1.2
cm long, pale pink with yellow throat, puberulous,
the hairs gland-tipped, the tube 1.5 mm broad
from base to 4 mm above base, thence enlarged
(abruptly) to 3.25 mm at throat, the lips equal,
about 2 mm long, the upper lip about 4 mm wide,
bilobed at tip, the lobes about 1 mm long,
rounded, the three lobes of the lower lip about 3
mm long, rounded and minutely crenate; stamens 4
mm above the base of the corolla tube, 6 mm long;
anthers 2 mm long and slightly over 0.5 mm wide,
acute at base and sparingly bearded at tip; filaments
slender, glabrous; ovary pilose at tip; style
8 mm long, slender, glabrous; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 680 (holotype GH, US
photo 3627), Colombia, Boyaca, at side of brook in
high forest of El Umbo, 130 m N of Bogoth, 1000
m alt, 17 Mar 1933.
DIsTRIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality.
80. Aphelandra fasciculata Wasshausen
Aphelandra fascicutata Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:490. 1973.
An erect, suffrutescent shrub 2-4 m high; stems
quadrangular toward tip, densely strigose, the
hairs sordid; leaf blades broadly elliptic to oblong,
22-27 cm long, 7-9 cm wide, acuminate (the tip
obtuse), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiolt, subcoriaceous, entire, the upper surface
dark green, glabrous to sparingly strigose, the
costa and lateral veins (10-12 pairs) slightly raised,
scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface dull green,
glabrous or sparingly strigose, especially the costa
and lateral veins; petioles (unwinged portion)
0.5-2 cm long, the pubescence similar to that of
the stem; flowers borne on one or several, terminal,
sessile spikes, these 8-30 cm long and 1-1.5 cm
wide (without corollas), the rachis glabrous;
bracts imbricate, entire, red or dull orange with
blackish tip, coriaceous, ovate, 11-13 mm long and
9-10 mm wide, exceeding calyx, acuminate, glabrous,
the costa rather prominent, the flanking
nerves fairly prominent except toward tip, the
marginal area bordered by a narrow subhyaline
edge, the ocelli usually 6 or 8, well defined, suborbicular,
brown, nitid; bractlets lance-ovate,
falcate, carinate, 11 mm long, 3 mm wide, slightly
acute, glabrous and minutely glandular-punctate
except the costa and keel, these sparingly puberulous;
calyx segments lanceolate, 9-10.5 mm long,
subequal, the posterior segment 5.5 mm wide, the
anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral segments 2.5
mm wide, all glabrous and minutely glandularpunctate,
striate-nerved, acute to acuminate; corolla
red or orange-red, densely papillose, 5 cm
long from base to tip of upper lip, 5 mm broad
at base, narrowed to 3 mm at 5 mm above base,
thence enlarged to a slightly curved subcylindric
throat, 11 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect,
ovate, 11-12 mm long and 7 mm wide, bilobed at
tip, the lobes triangular-ovate, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm
wide, acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip
spreading, elliptic, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide, the
submucronate tip slightly recurved, the lateral
lobes about 7 mm long, partly adnate to the lower
part of the upper lip, their free portion 6 mm long
and 1.5 mm wide, rounded; stamens exserted
about 1 cm beyond the mouth of the corolla tube;
anthers 4-5 mm long, 1 mm broad, acute at both
ends; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-L. Aristeguieta 3180 (holotype US, isotype
VEN), Venezuela, Miranda: Guatopo, 600 m
alt, Jun 1958.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Endemic to Venezuela, at elevations
between 10 and 1400 meters. VENEZUELA.
MIRANDA: Parque Nacional de Guatopo: Between
Santa Teresa and Altagracia de Orituco, 520 m alt,
23 Nov 1961, Steyermark 89935 (US, VEN); 27 Oct
1966, Steyermark 97548 (US, VEN); Camino de la
Guzbanera, Sep 1966, Aristeguieta Pir Agostini 6?50
(US, VEN); 4-5 krn N of Carenero, 10-50 m alt,
22 Nov 1969, Steyermark S Bunting 102317 (US,
VEN); El Guapo, 200 m alt, Oct 1959, Aristeguieta
4004 (VEN). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Upper Carrasquel
74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Valley, 7 Nov 1925, Pittier 11944 (US, VEN); hills
of Camuri Grande, 20-800 m alt, 8 Nov 1928,
Pittier 13038 (US, VEN). ARAGUA: Colonia Tovar,
Karsten s.n. (LE, W); Colonia Tovar, Engels s.n.
(LE); above Turiamo, 550 m alt, 5 Oct 1938,
Williams 10419 (US, VEN); Parque Nacional,
Valle de Ocumare, 4 Oct 1947, Pittier 15601 (US,
VEN). YARACUY: Los Canizos, plains of the Yaracuy
River, 50 m alt, 23 Jan 1920, Pittier 8755 (US);
Yumare, Aroa Basin, 24 Sep 1923, Pittier 11213
(US, VEN); Forest of Yumare, 100 m alt, 7 Feb
1959, Bernardi 6930 (K, VEN); new highway San
Felipe-Aroa, 27 Nov 1952, Aristeguieta Pannier
1154 (VEN); Valle of Yaracuy, forest plain between
El Diamante & El Chino, 12 Dec 1952, Aristeguieta
& Foldats 1250 (VEN). YARACUY-FALCON:
Reserva Forestal “Rio Tocuyo,” Pica no. 13, Aug
1970, Blanco 912 (VEN). FALCON: Sierra de San
Luis, between Curimagua and San Luis, 1300-1400
m alt, 18 Jul 1967, Steyermark 99105 (US, VEN).
MERIDA: Carretera (highway) Jali-Merida, Sep 196 1,
Tamayo 4510 (VEN). BARINAS: Soledad, 20 km N
of Barinitas, 1100 m alt, 28 Sep 1953, Little 15559
(VEN). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Funck 6
Schlim s.n. (P); Andes de Truxillo et de Merida,
12004350 m alt, 1843, Linden 496 (P); S. Estkban.
1893-94, Mocqzterys s.n. (COL, P, US, VEN).
A jh elan dra f ascicu la t a is distinguished from
A. pharangophiIa, its nearest relative, by the
larger, glabrous bracts, the shorter corolla, and
the smaller limb. In A. pharangophila, the bracts
are strigose, 7-10 mm long, 5.5-6 mm wide, the
corolla 5.5-6.5 cm long, and the limb 17-20 mm
long.
81. Aphelandra aristei Leonard
Aphelandra aristei Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:228.
1953.
Shrubby; tips of stems densely hirsute-strigose;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, to 14 cm long and 6
cm wide (the lowermost probably larger), slightly
obtuse, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, entire or undulate, the upper surface sparingly
pilose, the lower surface densely brownish,
pilose-sericeous, the hairs about 1 mm long; petioles
to 1 cm long, densely pubescent; spikes solitary,
terminal, to 15 cm long and about 2 cm broad,
the rachis pilosulous, the peduncles to 3 cm long,
the pubescence that of the stems; bracts ascending,
not closely appressed, light brownish red when dry,
entire, oblong-lanceolate, 23-24 mm long, 4.5 mm
wide near base, 7 mm wide at middle, prominently
striate-nerved, acuminate, ciliate, velutinoussericeous,
the inner surface glabrous or nearly so,
ocelli numerous, minute, to 40 or more, elliptic,
about 0.25 mm long, light brown, glabrous, somewhat
nitid; bractlets subulate, 1 cm long, 1.5 mm
wide at base, finely and softly pubescent without,
finely striate-nerved; calyx segments subequal,
about 1 cm long, the posterior segment narrowly
ovate, 4 mm wide slightly above base, the anterior
segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide, the lateral pair
narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm wide, all gradually narrowed
from just above base to a slender tip, finely
pubescent and striate-nerved; corolla orange-red,
finely pubescent, 3.5-4.5 cm long, the upper lip
erect, ovate, 2-lobed, the lobes triangular, acuminate,
outwardly curved at tip, the lower lip more
or less spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong,
15 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, acute, the lateral lobes
narrowly ovate, about 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,
obtuse; stamens slightly exserted; ovary glabrous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.-BYO. Ariste-Joseph s.n. (holotype US),
Colombia, Cundinamarca, Pacho, Aug 1923.
locality.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-~nown only from the type-
82. Aphelandra trianae Leonard
Aphelandra trianae Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:230.
1953.
Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs; stems subquadrangular,
hirsute-hispid, the hairs brownish, the
lower parts terete and glabrate; leaf blades oblongovate,
to 15 cm long and 6 cm wide, acuminate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous to sparingly strigose, the lower
surface glabrous to sparingly hirtellous, the costa
and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) more densely so,
the costa and veins moderately prominent; petioles
to 1 cm long, densely strigose to hirsute; spikes
solitary, subsessile, about 8 cm long and 3 cm
broad, the bracts ascending, scarcely imbricate,
the rachis densely whitish pilose; bracts oblong,
entire, 25 mm long, about 10 mm wide, acute and
NUMBER 18 75
aristate, both surfaces softly gray-pubescent, the
hairs about 0.5 mm long, the ciliate margins with
hairs to 1 mm long, the costa and lateral veins
rather prominent but obscured by the pubescence,
ocelli numerous (8-12), obscure, about 0.75 mm
long, 0.5 mm wide, elliptic, brown, contiguous;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, to 14 mm long, attenuate,
carinate, the marginal region thin, striatenerved,
subglabrous, the keel densely silvery-pilose,
calyx 16-18 mm long, the segments coriaceous,
striate-nerved (the nerves indurate at base), glabrous,
ciliate at tip, the posterior segment oblonglanceolate,
attenuate and sharply acute, 4 mm
wide near base, anterior segments lanceolate, glabrous,
attenuate and slenderly acute, the upper half
ciliate, lateral segments linear-lanceolate, 2 mm
wide near base, attenuate-acuminate, glabrous,
ciliate at tip; corolla red, about 5 cm long, rather
densely pubescent, the tube 2.5 mm broad near
tip of ovary, 7 mm broad at mouth, slightly curved,
the upper lip (immature corolla) ovate, about 10
mm long and 6 mm wide, bidentate, the lobes triangular,
5 mm long, 3 mm wide at base, acute,
the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate, 8 mm
long, 4 mm wide, slenderly acuminate, the tip
recurved, the lateral lobes small, rounded, adnate
to the upper lip of corolla; stamens slightly exserted;
anthers 6 mm long, 1 mm broad, obtuse
and cohering at tip, obliquely obtuse at base and
minute apiculate; filaments pilose at base, glabrous
above; ovary glabrous.
TYPE.-]. Triuna s.n. (holotype K, US photo
3625, isotype COL), Colombia, Tolima-Caldas border,
Quindio Mountains, Feb 1853.
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality.
83. Aphelandra xanthantha Leonard
Aphelandra xanthantha Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
31:248. 1953.
Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, densely brownish
strigose; leaves reflexed, the blades oblong to
oblong-ovate, to 18 cm long and 7 cm wide,
slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, the upper surface sparingly
strigillose, the lower surface usually densely strigose,
the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) fairly
prominent; petioles (unwinged portion) to 3 cm
long, densely strigillose; spikes terminal, solitary,
subsessle, to 17 cm long and 1.5 cm broad (without
corollas), the rachis white-tomentose; bracts red
(living), entire, ovate-lanceolate, 18 mm long and
8 mm wide at about 5 mm above base, acute, coriaceous,
glabrous, minutely scurfy without, sparingly
ciliolate, the costa fairly prominent, the lateral
nerves obscure, the margins thin, ocelli numerous
alveolar spots, these narrowly elliptic, about 2 mm
long and 0.5 mm wide; bractlets narrowly lanceolate,
15 mm long, 2.5 mm wide near base, slenderly
acuminate, carinate, the keel densely white-pilose,
the margins thin, glabrous and finely striatenerved;
calyx 18 mm long, the segments thin,
coriaceous, striate-nerved, puberulous, the posterior
segment oblong, 4 mm wide, acute at apex,
the anterior segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide,
acute and apiculate at tip, the lateral segments
narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm wide, acute at apex;
corolla yellow, about 5.5 cm long, papillose without,
glabrous within except above insertion of
filaments, here pilose, the tube rather slender,
subcylindric, about 3 mm broad, the mouth about
5 mm broad, the lips about 14 mm long (immature),
the upper one ovate, about 5 mm wide,
acuminate, bilobed at apex, the lobes minute,
triangular, about 1 mm long and 0.25 mm wide,
acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip ovate, 5
mm wide, subacute, puberulous within, the lateral
lobes attached to the lower part of the upper lip,
their free portions about 1 mm long and broad,
obtuse; stamens barely exserted; anthers 7 mm
long, about 1 mm broad, obtuse at both ends,
the lower lobes minutely apiculate, the tips cohering;
filaments glabrous except at base, here
pilose; ovary glabrous.
TYPE.-L. Uribe-Uribe I862 (holotype US), Colombia,
Antioquia, in woods of Paramitos, Narifio,
2000-2200 m alt, Jan 1949.
~IsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: Municipality
of Narino, at San Juan, 2100 m alt, 17 Ju1 1954,
Uribe-Uribe 2612 (COL, US).
84. Aphelandra sericantha Leonard
Aphelandra sericantha Leonard, Contrib. U.S. R’at. Herb. 31:
245. 1953.
Shrubs to 1 m high or higher; stems subterete,
glabrous except the upper portions, these strigose;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly oblong76
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
lanceolate, to 20 cm long and 5.5 cm wide, acuminate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface glabrous to thinly strigose, the
venation mostly inconspicuous, the lower surface
drying lighter olive than the upper, minutely
strigose to hirtellous, the hairs confined chiefly to
the costa and veins (10-12 pairs), the venation
conspicuous, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles
to 5 cm long, sparingly strigillose; spike terminal,
solitary, subsessile, subtended by a pair of
small leaves about 1.5 cm long and 5 mm wide,
the rachis angled, densely hirtellous, the hairs
light brown; bracts oval, entire, 20 mm long, 12
mm wide, obtuse to subacute and apiculate, coriaceous,
the basal portion minutely silky-pilose,
light brown, the inner surface sparingly strigillose,
the nerves closely parallel, the veinlets reticulate
near the subhyaline margins, ocelli replaced by
an irregular, elliptic, alveolar spot; bractlets
lanceolate, 8.5 mm long, 2.25 mm wide near base,
acuminate (the lower portion carinate), gIabrous
except the hirtellous tip, striate-nerved, the costa
and adjacent nerves swollen and confluent at base;
calyx segments subequal, 15 mm long, lanceolate,
subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, glabrous or ciliate
at tip, the costa and adjacent nerves swollen and
confluent at base, the posterior segment 4.5 mm
wide, subobtuse and more or less lacerate, the
anterior segments 2.5 mm wide, subobtuse and
apiculate, the lateral segments 2.25 mm wide,
acute; corolla yellow, to 6 cm long, densely hirtellous,
except the glabrous basal portion, the
hairs yellowish brown, the tube about 6 mm broad
at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 25 mm
long, 4 mw wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes rounded,
the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe
ovate, about 2.2 cm long, obtuse at apex, the lateral
lobes minute and connate with the basal
portion of the upper lip, the free portion triangular,
6 mm long and 2 mm wide at base, obtuse at
apex; stamens exserted, almost reaching the tip
of the middle lobe of the lower lip; capsule not
seen.
TYPE.--J. Triana s.n. (holotype K, isotypes COL,
P), Colombia, Caldas, Pacora, 1800 m alt, Feb 1852.
locality.
DISTRIBUTION.-KrIOWn Only from the type-
85. Aphelandra fernandezii Leonard
Aphelandra fernandezii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
31:270. 1953.
Herbs to 1 m high; stems subquadrangular, at
least the upper portions densely and minutely
gray strigose; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly
oblong-lanceolate, to 32 cm long and 10.6 cm
wide at, or slightly above, middle, acuminate, the
tip often curved, narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, membranaceous, entire or shallowly
crenate, drying olive green, the lower surface a
lighter and deeper greenish shade than the upper,
the upper surface glabrous, minutely alveolate
under a lens, the lower surface sparingly hirtellous,
the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral
veins (9-11 pairs), these prominent on both surfaces;
petioles stout, 2 cm long, densely grayhirtellous;
spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, 9
cm long, 3.5 cm broad (measured from tips of
bracts), the rachis angled, glabrous; bracts red,
rather closely imbricate, entire, rhombic-ovate,
26 mm long and 15 mm wide (the lowermost sterile
ones much smaller), subacute, glabrous, ciliate
near tip, the costa and adjacent nerves prominent,
the veinlets obscurely and rather coarsely reticulate
toward margins, the glandular spots about
3.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, the ocelli 50p in
diameter, very numerous; bractlets linear, 13 mm
long, 2.25 mm wide, acuminate, striate-nerved,
sparingly hirtellous dorsally particularly at the
tip; calyx segments subequal, 21-23 mm long,
glabrous or ciliate at tip, coriaceous, striate-nerved,
the posterior segment narrowly oblong-elliptic, 4
mm wide, truncate, emarginate and apiculate at
tip, the anterior segments linear-lanceolate, 2.5
mm wide, acuminate, the lateral segments narrowly
lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, acuminate; corolla
about 6 cm long, red, puberulous, the tube 6 mm
broad at throat, the upper lip ovate, 23 mm long,
about 12 mm wide, bilobate at tip, the lobes triangular,
5 mm long and 3 mm wide at base, acute,
the lip spreading or reflexed, the middle lobe
narrowly ovate, about 23 mm long and 8 mm wide
near base, obtuse, the lateral lobes narrowly oval,
1.5 mm wide, rounded at tip, adnate in part to
the upper lip, their free portions 1.5 mm long;
stamens reaching notch of the upper lip; anthers
1 cm long, acuminate at base, subobtuse at tip,
dorsally pilosulous; filaments triquetrous, glabrous
NUMBER 18 77
or the angles toward base minutely roughened;
ovary glabrous; mature capsules not seen.
TYPE.--A. Ferndndez 254 (holotype US), Colombia,
Choco, in woods at Ensenada de Utria, 5 Jun
1950.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
86. Aphelandra sinclairkna Nees
FIGURES 6, 34
Aphelandra sinclairiana Nees in Bentham Bot. Voy. Sulph.
146, pl. 47, 1844; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:296. 1847.-
Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:513. 1882.-Leonard,
Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 18:1196. 1938.
Shrubs or small trees to 5 m high; the branches
subquadrangular toward tip, rather densely hirsute,
to 1 mm long; leaf blades numerous, oblonglanceolate,
to 35 cm long and 10 cm wide, abruptly
acuminate (the tip more or less curved), gradually
narrowed at base to a short, naked petiole, firm,
entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface
sparingly hirsute, the costa and lateral veins (9-16
pairs) rather densely so, the lower surface, including
the rather prominent costa and lateral veins
moderately villous-hirsute, petioles 1-2 cm long,
moderately hirsute; spikes usually numerous,
both terminal and subterminal, solitary or several
in a cluster, peduncled, to 20 cm long and 1.5-2
cm broad, the peduncles subquadrangular, 3-5
cm long, moderately hirsute, the rachis hirsutulous;
bracts orange-red, entire, oval, about 20 mm long
and 10 mm wide, silky-puberulent, bearing several
well-defined glands on either side, the upper bracts
rounded or obtuse, closely imbricate, the lower
acute and spreading; bractlets lance-ovate, 6 mm
long, 2 mm wide, acute, carinate, sometimes bearing
one or more minute teeth on either side,
striate-nerved, puberulent; calyx segments striatenerved,
acute and cuspidate, (tipped by a slender
awn 0.5 mm long), ciliate and more or less erose
toward tip, glabrous toward base, the posterior
segment lanceolate, 8-10 mm long and 3 mm wide,
the anterior pair lanceolate, about 2 mm wide
near base, the lateral pair more narrowly lanceolate,
slightly over 1 mm wide near base; corolla
rose-red or purplish red, finely pubescent, about
6 cm long, the tube 3 mm broad at base, 6 or 7
mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate,
15-17 mm long and 8-9 mm wide, 2-lobed, the
lobes lance-ovate, about 10 mm long and 4.5 mm
wide at base, acute, the middle lobe of the lower
lip spreading, ovate-lanceolate, about 21 mm long,
7-8 mm wide, acuminate, carinate, the lateral
lobes adnate to the lower part of the upper lip,
their free portion triangular-ovate, 2.5 mm long
and 2 mm wide at base, obtuse; stamens reaching
about midway between mouth of the tube and the
tip of the upper lip; the anthers 6.5 mm long,
apiculate at tip, acute at base; capsule clavate,
about 2 cm long, 6 mm broad near the tip, 3 mm
broad at the base, obtuse at apex, densely puberulous;
seeds flat, about 3.5 mm in diameter, minutely
hispidulous.
TYP?z.--Sinclair s.n. (holotype K), Panama, Isthmus
of Darien.
DISTRIBUTION.-Moist forests and along shady
river banks in southeastern Costa Rica and Panama.
COSTA RICA: LIMON:Rio Zhorquin, Talamanca,
50 m alt, Mar 1894, Tonduz 8549 (US); forest of
Xirores, Talamanca, 100 m alt, Feb 1895, Tonduz
9302 (P, US); Jimenez, Llanos de Santa Clara, 195
m alt, Apr 1894, John Donne11 Smith 4917 (US);
las Delicias, plains of Santa Clara, 500 m alt, Feb
1897, Biolley 10669 (US, W); Los Diamantes, 29
Feb 1956, Schubert 1109 (US). PANAMA. BOCAS DE
TORO: Talamanca Valley, 3 Feb 1921, Carleton 124
(US); Laguna de Chiriqui and vicinity, Nov and
Dec 1885, Hurt 130 (K, US); 8 Oct 1940, von
Wedel 1083 (US); Garay Creek, 8 Sep 1941, von
Wedel 2636 (US); Water Valley, 13 Sep 1940, von
Wedel 762 (US); 1 Oct 1940, von Wedel 973 (US);
Changuinola to 5 m S at junction of Rios Changuinola
& Terebe, 30-60 m alt, 17-19 Dec 1966,
Lewis, Dwyer, Elias, & Robertson 803 (MO, US).
COCLE: El ValIe de Anton, along Rio Indio trail,
500-700 m alt, 30 Jan 1935, Hunter & Allen 358
(P, US). CANAL ZONE: Chagres, Feb 1850, Fendler
209 (K, P, US, W); Paraiso, Dec 1857, Wagner s.n.
(M); Gatun, Jan 1858, Wagner s.n. (M); off road
K-15 near Huile on hills around Gatun Lake, 26
Dec 1957, C. Earle Smith, Jr., H. Morgan Smith Q
Tule Arrauz 3278 (F, US); Empire Station, Oct.
1861, Hayes 307 (K); between Gorgona and Gatun,
10-50 m alt, 7 Jan 1911, Pittier 2264, 2270 (US);
Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, 17 Jan 1924,
Stclndley 31453 (US); S. M o h o Trail 1, Dec 1931,
Shattuck 760 (US); road between Gatun and Fort
Sherman, 17 Dec 1966, Burch, Baker 6 Oliver
78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
1016 (US); Lion Hill Station, Jan 1860, Hayes 602
(US); Bismark above Penonome, 5 Mar 1908, Williams
370 (US); between Mt. Hope and Santa Rita
Trail, 25 Feb 1905, Cowell 71, 72 (US); valley of
Masambi, 20-100 m alt, 6 Feb 1911, Maxon 4683
(US); hills N of Frijoles, 19 Dec 1923, Standley
27547 (US); vicinity of Gatuncillo, 26 Feb 1923,
Standley 5601 (US); Las Cascadas Plantation, near
Summit, 4 Jan 1924, Standley 29654 (US); vicinity
of Fort Sherman, 15 Jan 1924, Standley 31091 (US);
Darikn Station, 19 Jan 1924, Standley 31594 (US);
Obispo, 19 Jan 1924, Standley 31670 (US); Changuinola
Valley, Lincoln Creek, 18 Jan 1924, Dunlap
368 (US); along road from Fort Sherman to Fort
San Lorenzo, 1 Apr 1969, Porter, Dwyer, Durkee
Crosby, Q Castillon 4991 (MO, US); Madden Forest
Preserve, along Las Cruces Trail and highway,
8 Apr 1969, Lewis, Porter, Durkee, & Baker 5334
(US); westerly arm of Quebrada Salamanca, 70 m
alt, 16 Dec 1934, Dodge, Steyermark, &+ Allen
16996 (P, US). COLON:Porto Bello, 5-100 m alt,
17-18 Jan 1911, Pittier 2482 (US); Rio Chagres,
region above Gamboa, 25 m alt, 3 Feb 1947, Allen
4138 (MO, US): PANAMA: Tributary of Chagres,
5 m SW of Cerro Brewster, 300 m alt, 14 Dec 1967,
Lewis, Blackwell, Hawker, Little, Nowicke, Q Oliver3386
(MO, US). DARIEN: Boca de Pauarando,
on Samb6 River, 20 m alt, Feb 1912, Pittier 5572
(US); Isthmus of Darien, Barclay s.n. (K). WITHOUT
EXACT LOCALITY . 1851, Weddell s.n. (P); 1851,
Duchassaing s.n. (P); Seemann s.n. (K).
87. Aphelandra grandis Leonard
Aphelandra grandis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
Afihelandra trichota Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
226. 1953.
226. 1953.
Shrubs to 3 m high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous to densely hirsute; leaf blades oblong or
oblong-ovate, 28-36 cm long and 10-18 cm wide,
short-acuminate at apex (the tip itself blunt),
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
glabrous to sparingly hirsute, the costa and lateral
veins (usually 15-20 pairs) prominent on the
lower surface, sparingly to moderately hirsute, the
margins entire, undulate or shallowly crenate;
petioles slender, to 10 cm long, glabrous to hirsute;
spikes stout, one or several, in fascicles, terminal,
sessile or subsessile, 18-45 cm long and about 2
cm wide; bracts entire, obovate, orange-red, 24-30
mm long and 12-13 mm wide, rounded, pubescent
to glabrate, often silky toward base, the ocelli
numerous (about 20), elliptic, minute; bractlets
lanceolate, 11 mm long, 2 mm wide near base,
obliquely carinate, densely sericeous; calyx segments
triangular, subequal, 12-13 mm long, the
posterior segment 7 mm wide near base, the anterior
pair 4 mm wide, the lateral pair 3 mm wide,
all acute, striate-nerved, densely sericeous except
the margins, these subglabrous and subhyaline;
corolla yellow, finely pubescent, 5.5-6 cm long, 6
mm broad at throat, the upper lip oblong, about
15 mm long and 9 mm wide, 2-lobed, the lobes
triangular, about 6 mm long and 5 mm wide,
acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe
lanceolate, about as long as the upper lip, acute,
the lateral lobes small, about 2.5 mm long and 1
mm wide, obtuse, their upper margins partly connate
with the upper lip; stamens barely reaching
the upper lip; anthers 6 mm long, dorsally pubescent;
capsules oblong, 13 mm long, 7 mm broad,
blunt at tip, nitid and glabrous toward tip, dull,
densely puncticulate toward base; seeds brown,
obovate, 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide, 1.75 mm thick,
glabrous or the upper margins puberulous.
TYPE.-B. Gumara-Amortegui 260 (holotype
US), Colombia, Cundinamarca, Albdn, 1600 m alt,
1932.
DISTRIBUTION.-In thick forests and on steep
slopes in the departments of Santander and Cundinamarca,
Colombia. COLOMBIA. SANTANDER:
Vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, Magdalena Valley,
between Sogamoso and Carare Rivers, 100-500 m
alt, 20 Ju1 1936, Haught 1936 (US); 20 km N-NW
of Velez, 8 km S-SE of Landazuri, on steep slope at
Jorddn, on N side of the Cuchillo de Los Micos,
1100 m alt, 17 Apr 1944, Fosberg Q Fassett 21809
(holotype of A. trichota Leonard, us). CUNDINAMARCA:
Paime. Ariste-Joseph 1081 (GH, PH, US).
88. Aphelandra darienensis Wasshausen
ApheEandra darienensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:480. 1973.
Low suffrutescent shrub; stems glabrous below,
the upper portion sparingly strigose; leaf blades
oblongelliptic, 30-40 cm long, 9-14 cm wide, shortacuminate,
narrowed from middle or slightly above
to a narrow, obliquely subobtuse base, moderately
NUMBER 18 79
firm, entire, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly
and inconspicuously strigose, the lower surface
rather densely strigose, especially the costa
and lateral veins (17-22 pairs), the venation
prominent but more so beneath than above;
petioles 3.5-7 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous or
sparingly strigose; spikes one or several, terminal,
subsessile, 8-10 cm long, 3-4 cm wide ( without corollas)
, moderately dense, the bracts imbricate,
spreading with age, the peduncle about I cm long,
strigose, the rachis glabrous; bracts orange to red,
ovate, 30 mm long and 14-15 mm wide, acute to
obtuse, coriaceous, often crisped and retrorse,
closely veined, glabrous, the margins entire, ciliolate,
bearing just above the middle, near the margins,
numerous minute ocelli, these forming a dull,
alveolar spot, 3 mm long and 1 mm wide; bractlets
lanceolate, 8 mm long and 2 mm wide, subhyaline,
striate-nerved, carinate, especially the upper half,
the keel pubescent; calyx segments lanceolate,
13-15 mm long, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous,
glandular-punctate, the posterior segment 5
mm wide, the anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral
pair 2 mm wide, all mucronulate at apex; corolla
orange-red, about 6 cm long, densely and minutely
glandular-pilose, the tube 3.5 cm long, 3 mm wide
at base, erect, gradually enlarged to 7 mm broad
at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong, 15 mm long,
2-lobed, the lobes triangular-ovate, 6 mm long,
acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong,
15 mm long, 8 mm wide, the lateral lobes
similar but smaller: stamens almost reaching the
tip of the upper lip; anthers 9 mm long, apiculate
at base; capsule not seen.
Tym-Duke clr Elias 13756 (holotype US, isotype
MO), Panama, DariPn, Cerro Pirre, 750-1350
m alt, 9-10 Aug 1967.
DISTRIsUTION.-Submontane to mossy forests, at
elevations above 600 meters, in the province of
Darien, Panama. PANAMA. DARIBN: Ascent of
Cerro Pirre from R. Pirro S of El Real, 600-750
m alt, 11 Aug 1962, Duke 5313 (MO); Oct 1962,
Duke 6101 (MO); Cerro Campamento (S of Cerro
Pirre), 20-22 Mar 1968, Duke 15720 (US); between
Tres Bocas and Cerro Campamento on Cuasi-Cana
Trail, 1 May 1968, Kirkbride 6. Duke 1350 (MO).
Aphelandra darienensis is closely related to A.
fernandezii Leonard, but the calyx segments as
well as the corolla lips of that relative are considerably
longer.
89. Aphelandra garciae Leonard
Aphelandra garciae Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
256. 1953.
Shrub, to 1 m high, slender, straight, the tips of
the branches densely strigose, the hairs sordid, the
lower portions of the stems terete, glabrate; leaf
blades obovate or broadly oblanceolate, to 30 cm
long and 11.5 cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip
itself obtuse or rounded), narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire
or undulate, the upper surface drying olive
green, glabrous, minutely alveolate under the lens,
the costa and lateral veins flat or slightly raised,
barely conspicuous, the lower surface drying
green to light olivaceous, sparingly strigose, the
costa and lateral veins densely strigose, raised and
more conspicuous than upper surface; petioles
(unwinged portion) to 1 cm long, the pubescence
similar to that of the stem tip; spikes solitary,
terminal, to 22 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, the
peduncle barely 0.5 cm long and 3.5 mm in diameter,
densely strigose, the rachis minutely pilose;
bracts entire, rhombic-ovate, 11 mm long, 8 mm
wide, rounded and subapiculate at apex, coriaceous,
bright red (living), drying yellowish brown,
glabrous within, minutely scurfy without, the costa
and nerves prominent, the margins subhyaline,
ciliolate except toward base, the ocelli replaced
by a dull, elliptic, faveolate area about 2.5 mm
long and 1 mm wide; bractlets lanceolate, subfalcate,
carinate, 12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the
keel densely whitish pilose, the margins striatenerved,
subhyaline; calyx about 2 cm long, the
posterior segment oblong, elliptic, slightly over 5
mm wide, finely pilose-sericeous toward tip, the
anterior pair 4 mm wide, the lateral pair somewhat
narrower than the anterior pair and like
them, glabrous or bearing a few hairs at the tip,
all of the segments acute (the tip itself blunt,
minutely apiculate ) and ciliate; corolla yellow,
drying brown, minutely hirsute-strigose, the tube
slightly curved, 4 cm long, 4 mm broad at base,
narrowed to 3 nim at 5 mm above base, thence
gradually enlarged into a subcylindric throat 7
mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic,
15 mm long and 7 mm wide, bilobed, the lobes
triangular-ovate, about 8 mm long, slenderly acuminate,
the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading,
ovate, 15 mm long, about 7 mm wide, acuminate,
80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
strigose within, the lateral lobes triangular, about
4 mm long, partly adnate to the lower part of the
upper lip, their free portions about 1.5 mm long
and 1 mm wide, obtuse; ovary glabrous; stamens
and capsules not seen.
TYm-Killip & Garcia 33532 (holotype US),
Colombia, Choco, dense forest along the Quebrada
Jellita, Bahia Solano, 50-100 m alt, 22 Feb 1939.
DISTRIBUTION.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. cHOCO: In dense tidal
forest along the banks of Quebrada Togoroma, 13
Jun 1944, Killip 6. Cuatrecasas 39123 (US).
90. Aphelandra straminea Leonard
Aphelandra straminea Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb, 31:
Aphelandra hodgei Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:262.
Aphelandra longispica Leonard. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
Suffrutescent herb to 2 m high; stems terete,
strigillose to glabrate; leaf blades elliptic to oblong
or broadly oblanceolate, 20-30 cm long, 7-11.5 cm
wide, or the lowermost smaller, acuminate at apex
(the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or
undulate, the upper surface drying olive, nitid,
glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (10-12 pairs)
flat or slightly raised, moderately conspicuous, the
lower surface drying a slightly lighter shade than
the upper, sparingly strigillose, the costa and lateral
veins raised and conspicuous, the veinlets
coarsely but inconspicuously reticulate; petioles
(unwinged portion) 3-9 cm long, glabrous to
sparingly strigillose, the channel shallow; spikes 1
or several, terminal, subsessile, 13-30 cm long and
12-15 mm broad, quadrangular, the rachis whitecottony-
tomentose; bracts decussate, closely imbricate,
entire, rhombic-ovate, 8-10 mm long, about
7 mm wide, acute to subacuminate (the tip itself
rounded), coriaceous, the margins subscarious,
ciliolate near base of bract, the costa prominent,
inconspicuously excurrent at tip, the lateral nerves
conspicuous except on the broad scarious margins,
both surfaces glabrous, the ocelli represented by
dull alveolate oval areas about 1.5 mm long and
1 mm wide; bractlets lanceolate, 8-12 mm long
and 2-3 mm wide, carinate, the keel densely white,
silky, the margins subglabrous, ciliolate, sometimes
bearing near the base an ascending, subhya-
250. 1953.
1953.
265. 1953.
line tooth about 1 mm long; calyx 0.9-1.15 cm
long, the posterior segment oblong-ovate, 4 mril
wide, the anterior pair lanceolate, 3 mm wide, the
lateral pair more narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm wide,
all striate-nerved, the posterior segment sparingly
and minutely pubescent, subacute to obtuse at
apex, the other segments glabrous and minutely
apiculate; corolla straw-color, tinged with pink to
red, densely papillose, slightly curved, about 5
cm long, the tube about 5 mm broad near base,
narrowed at tip of ovary to 3 mm, thence gradually
expanded to about 7 mm at mouth, the upper lip
erect, ovate, 13-17 mm long and 7-10 mm wide,
acute, the 2 apical lobes narrowly triangular, the
middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, ovate,
15-17 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, acute and recurved
at apex, the lateral lobes partly adnate to the
upper lip, their free portions 1-2 mm long and 1
mm wide, rounded; stamens reaching the tip of
the upper lip; anthers 5-6 mm long and 1 mm
broad, their basal lobe muticous; capsule oblong,
14-15 mm long and 4 mm in diameter, blunt at
tip, glabrous, nitid, puncticulate toward base;
seeds brown, flat, 4 mm long and 3 mm broad,
sparingly papillose.
TYPE.-O. Haught 1750 (holotype US, isotype
NY), Colombia, Santander, in swampy forest at
Puerto Araujo on the Rio Carare, vicinity of Puerto
Berrio, 100-700 m alt, 6 Jun 1935.
DIsTRIsuTI0N.-Andean Colombia, in the departments
of Santander, Cundinamarca, and Tolima at
elevations between 100 and 900 meters. COLOMBIA.
SANTANDER: Forest along the Rio Carare, E of Puerto
Berrio, 300-400 m alt, 28 Sep 1945, Hodge 6513
(GH, holotype of A. hodgei' Leonard). CUNDINAMARCA:
Along the Quebrada Cabana, Hacienda El
Cucharo, between Tocaima and Pubenza, 380-600
m alt, 8 May 1944, Killip, Dugand, Cir Jaramillo
38346 (US, holotype of A. longispica Leonard).
TOLIMA: Near Mariquita, along the Rio Magdalena,
1824, Rivero sen. (P); 4 km W of Mariquita, 550
m alt, 23 Sep 1959, Uribe 3376 (COL); Mariquita,
highway to Fresno, 800-900 m alt, 30 Ju1 1957,
Uribe 2998 (COL). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY.
Mutis 1502 (US); Mutis 1501 (K, US).
91. Aphelandra micans Moritz ex Vatke
Aphelandra micans Mortiz ex Vatke, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol.
App. 1. 1876.-Leonard, Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 18:1195. 1938.
NUMBER 18 81
Shrubs, to 2 m high; the stems strigose; leaf
blades oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, to 35 cm
long and 15 cm wide, acuminate to obtuse, narrowed
at the base, thin, entire, sparingly appressedpilosulous;
petioles slender, to 4 cm long; spikes
terminal, solitary or several in a cluster, rigid, to
25 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter, the rachis whitecottony-
tomentose; bracts closely imbricate, entire,
about 12 mm long and 10 mm wide, firm, ovate,
obtuse, glabrous, or minutely ciliolate toward the
tip, rather strongly nerved, bearing dorsally a
pair of oval, glandular-alveolate spots about 3 mm
long and 1.5 mm wide, the costa and the 2 lateral
nerves predominant; bractlets linear, 12 mm long
and 2 mm wide, carinate, striate, the keel tomentose;
calyx segments oblong, 17-18 mm long, 3-5
mm wide, coriaceous, glabrous, striate; corolla red
to orange-red, 6.5-7 cm long, the upper lip erect,
about 15 mm long, arching and acuminate at the
tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the middle
lobe ovate, 2 cm long and about 9 mm wide, acuminate,
the lateral lobes about 5 mm long,
rounded at tip, their upper edge adnate to the
upper lip; capsule about 2 cm long, glabrous,
puncticulate; seeds flat, brown, about 5 mm long
and 4 mm wide, glabrous.
TYPE.-Moritz I723 (holotype B, destroyed, F
photo 8711, isotypes FI, K, P, W), Venezuela, Aragua,
Colonia Tovar, Jan 1852.
DISTRIBUTION.-Northern Venezuela at elevations
between 240-1600 meters. VENEZUELA. FEDERAL
DISTRICT: Hacienda Puerto La Cruz, Coastal
Range, 0-2300 m alt, 28 Aug-4 Sep 1918, Pittier
8072 (US). ARAGUA: Tovar, VogeZ I476 (W);
Colonia Tovar, Karsten s.n. (W); Parque Nacional
“H. Pittier,” on Pic0 Periquito, 1250-1600 m alt.
4 Sep 1960, Steyermark di+ Agostini 3 (VEN, US);
Parque Nacional “H. Pittier,” along trail of Cerro
Guacamayo, 4 Sep 1960, Steyermark di+ Agostini 2?
(VEN, US); forest of Rancho Grande, 1000 m alt.
N side, 29 Ju1 1937, Pittier 14090 (F, US, VEN);
Parque Nacional, between Rancho Grande and
Maracay, 240-455 m alt, 9 Dec 1943, Steyermark
54962 (US); Parque Nacional, El Paraiso (Cerro
Periquito), 1300 m alt, Aug 1947, Pittier 15.535
(US, VEN); El Portachuelo, road from Maracay to
Ocumare, 1100 m alt, 8 May 1925, Pittier I1825
(US, VEN); El Portachuelo, 1100 m alt, WiZZiams
I0516 (US, VEN); Forest of Rancho Grande,
Parque Nacional, 1000 m alt, Nov 1938, Alston I20
(VEN); Rancho Grande, 1060 m alt, 16 Apr 1951,
Garcia I 3 (VEN); Colonia Tovar, 2000 m alt, Engels
s.n. (LE). CARABOBO: Hacienda de Cura, near San
Joaquin, 480-1200 m alt, 15 Aug 1918, Pittier 8027
(US).
92. Aphelandra taborensis Leonard
Aphelandra taborensis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
181. 1953.
Small branching tree; tips of the stems densely
strigose, the lower portions glabrate; leaf blades
oblanceolate, 12-13.5 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide or
those subtending the spikes smaller, acuminate,
the tip itself blunt, gradually narrowed from above
middle to the base, gray-green, the upper surface
drying olive, glabrate or the younger leaves rather
densely strigose, the lower surface drying grayish
olive, densely pubescent, the hairs on the costa
and veins appressed, light brown, the costa and
lateral veins (11 or 12 pairs) prominent, especially
on the lower surface; petioles about 1 cm long,
appressed-pubescent; spikes usually 3, terminal
and subterminal, the peduncles 1-2 cm long, the
spikes 4-7 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, both peduncles
and rachis densely brown-pubescent; bracts
ovate, 9-10 mm long, 7.5 mm wide, obtuse and
minutely apiculate, rose-violet, coriaceous, entire,
densely pubescent dorsally, the glandular area
on either side poorly defined, the individual
ocelli joined to form a small pitted area; bractlets
lanceolate, 11 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, acuminate,
obliquely carinate, densely pubescent dorsally,
striate-nerved; calyx 14 mm long, the segments
lanceolate, the posterior segment 5 mm wide, the
anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2.5 mm
wide, all acute, puberulous dorsally, striate-nerved;
corollas about 5.8 cm long, bright red, puberulous,
except the basal portion, the tube 2 mm broad at
base, enlarged to 3 mm, thence narrowed to 2 mm
at 7 mm above base, then gradually enlarged to 5
mm at throat, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 17 mm
long, about 8 mm wide at middle, 2-lobed at apex,
the lobes triangular, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,
acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe
spreading, lanceolate, 24 mm long, about 8 mm
wide below middle, obtuse and minutely apiculate
at tip, the lateral lobes 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,
subacute, their upper margins partly attached to
82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
the upper lip, their free portion triangular; stamens
reaching the sinus of the upper lip; anthers
6 mm long, their lobes minutely apiculate at
base; filaments glabrous; the pistil slightly exceeding
the stamens; ovary glabrous; mature capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-J. Cuatrecasas 22284 (holotype US), Colombia,
Valle, on Monte El Tabor, on the ridge of
the Cordillera Occidental, above Las Brisas, 1970-
2100 m alt, 19 Oct 1946.
DIsTRrsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
93. Aphelundra attenuata Wasshausen
Aphelandra attenuata Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:487. 1973.
An erect, soft-wooded shrub 2.4-3 m high; stems
quadrangular toward tip, puberulous; leaf blades
elliptic to oblong, 24-27 cm long and 6-7.5 cm
wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself rounded),
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
submembranaceous, entire or shallowly undulate,
the upper surface drying olivaceous, glabrous, the
costa and lateral veins (1 1-15 pairs) slightly raised,
scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying to
grayish olivaceous, glabrous or the costa and lateral
veins sparingly puberulous; petioles (unwinged
portion) 1-2.5 cm long, the pubescence
similar to that of the stem; flowers borne on one
or several, terminal, subsessile spikes, these 10-1 1
cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide, the peduncle 7-8 mm
long, densely puberulous, the rachis glabrous;
bracts imbricate, entire, red, coriaceous, ovate,
11-12 mm long and 10-1 1 mm wide, obtuse, gla -
brous, the costa rather prominent, the flanking
nerves fairly prominent except toward tip, ocelli
replaced by elliptical, dull blackish brown faveolate
areas 2 mm long and 1 mm wide; bractlets lanceovate,
falcate, carinate, 10 mm long, 4 mm wide,
acutish, the costa and keel densely hirsute, the
marginal area glabrous, bordered by a narrow subhyaline
edging, the tip more or less ciliate; calyx
segments oblong, 12-13 mm long, subequal, the
posterior segment 7 mm wide, the anterior pair
slightly over 4.5 mm wide, the lateral segments 3.5
mm wide, all glabrous and striate-nerved, ciliate,
rounded and minutely mucronate at tip, indurate
at base; corolla red or orange, glabrous and densely
papillose, 6 cm long from base to tip of upper lip,
3 mm broad at bases, 6 mm broad at mouth, the
upper lip erect, ovate, 22 mm long and 9 mm wide,
bilobed at tip, the lobes triangular, 9 mm long, 4
mm wide, acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed,
the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong, 2.5 cm
long, 7 mni wide, the submucronate tip slightly
recurved, the lateral lobes 6.5 mm long, partly
adnate to the lower part of the upper lip, their
free portions 1 mm long and 1 mm wide, acute:
stamens exserted about 2 cm beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube; anthers 9 mm long, 1 mm
broad, acute; capsule not seen.
TwE.-Dodson S Thien 1647 (holotype US),
Ecuador, Guayas, Manglaralto, 0-50 m alt, 20 Dec
1961.
DISTRIBUTION.-In Ecuador at elevations below
600 meters. ECUADOR. EL ORO: Between Santa Rosa
and La Chorita, 0-100 m alt, 27 Aug 1923, Hitchcock
21117 (US). PICHINCHA: 40 km SW of Santo
Doming0 on east bank of Rio Peripa, 250 m alt, 3
Nov 1961, Dodson Q Thien 1250 (MO, US). LOS
RIOS: Montalvo, Bosque de Oro near Hac. Las Balsas,
300-400 m alt, 28 Jun 1964, Jativa Q Epling
639 (US). NAPO-PASTAZA: Tena, 27 Sep 1939, Asplund
8879 ( S ) ; between Tena and Archidona, 9
Oct 1939, Asplund 9185 (S); Cerro Antisana, secondary
forest N of Tena, 600 m alt, Grubb, Lloyd,
Pennington Q Whitmore 14 (K, NY, Q); Rio
Aguarrico, Santo Cecilia, 220 m alt, 24 Nov 1966,
Sparre 13119, 13122 (S); 60 km along Rio Payamino,
W of Coca, 350 m alt, 18 Jun 1968, Holm-
Nielsen S Jeppesen 743 (AAU, US). WITHOUT
EXACT LOCALITY. Ecuador, Warscewicr s.n. (B, destroyed,
F photo 8698); junction of the provinces
of Guayas, Canar, Chimborazo & Bolivar, foothills
of the western cordillera near Bucay, 300-375 m
alt, 8-15 Jun 1945, Camp E-3667 (NY, US): Bolivia
(probably Ecuador), Ju1 1884, Veitch s.n. (K).
This species is very similar in general aspect to
Aphelandra crenata Leonard, but its narrower,
entire or shallowly undulate leaf blades, shorter
calyx segments. and shorter corollas, set it well
apart.
94. Aphelundra crenata Leonard
Aphelandra crenata Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
259. 1953.
An erect soft-wooded shrub; stems quadrangular
NUMBER 18 83
toward tip, glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic,
to 40 cm long and 13.5 cm wide, short-acuminate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
submembranaceous, prominently and irregularly
crenate except the narrowed basal portion, the
upper surface drying olivaceous, glabrous, the
costa and lateral veins (16-18 pairs) slightly raised,
scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying
grayish green, glabrous or the costa and lateral
veins sparingly puberulous; spikes several, to 16
cm long and 3 cm broad, the terminal ones subsessile,
the lateral borne on peduncles to 3.5 cm
long, these glabrous or sparingly strigillose, the
rachis glabrous; bracts coriaceous, scarlet in live
plants, drying light brown proximally, shading to
blackish brown toward tip, entire, glabrous, ovate,
10-13 mm long and 8-10 mm wide, obtuse, the
costa rather prominent, ending in a minute mucro,
the flanking nerves fairly prominent except toward
tip, ocelli replaced by elliptical, dull blackish
brown, faveolate areas to 4 mm long and 2 mm
wide; bractlets lanceolate, falcate, carinate, 10 mm
long, slightly over 3 mm wide, slightly acute, the
costa and keel densely hirsute, the hairs yellowish,
about 0.5 mm long, the marginal areas glabrous,
bordered by a narrow subhyaline edging, the tip
more or less ciliate; calyx 16-17 mm long, the
posterior segment oblong, slightly over 7 mm wide,
the anterior segments narrowly oblong, 5 mm wide,
the lateral pair linear-oblong, 3 mm wide, all
minutely scurfy within, glabrous and striate-nerved
without, ciliate, rounded and minutely mucronate
at tip, indurate at base; corolla rose to red, densely
papillose, 6.5-7 cm long from base to tip of upper lip,
4 mm broad at base, narrowed to 2 mm at 5 mm
above base, thence enlarged to a slightly curved subcylindric
throat 7 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, elliptic, about 23 mm long and 9 mm wide,
bilobed, the lobes triangular, 9 mm long, 4 mm wide,
acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading,
narrowly elliptic, 2.5-3 cm long, 9 cm wide, the submucronate
tip slightly recurved, the lateral lobes
about 1 cm long, partly adnate to the lower part
of the upper lip, their free portion 2 mm long and
1.5 mm wide, rounded; stamens exserted about 1
cm beyond mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 8
mm long, acute at base, blunt at tip; capsule not
seen.
TYPE.-Huught 1464 (holotype US), Colombia,
Santander, Camp Zarzal, in the vicinity of Barranca
Bermeja, in the Magdalena Valley, between the
Sogamoso and Colorado rivers, 100-500 m alt, 15
Dec 1934.
DISTRIBUTION.-Along streams and wooded mountain
slopes at lower elevations, found in the departments
of Santander, Meta, Caqueta, and Antioquia
of Colombia. COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: 40
km SE of Barrancabermeja, at the junction of the
Colorado and Llana rivers, 400-500 m alt, Dec
1957, Uribe 3099 (COL). META: Cordillera La
Macarena, at Guapayita, 500-600 m alt, 20-28 Dec
1950, Zdrobo ii?. Schultes 885 (COL, US). CAQUETA:
Morelia, 150-300 m alt, 7 Oct 1941, Sneidern 1102
(COL). 4NTIOQUIA: Uraba. Mutata, 100 m alt, 17
Jan 1947, UriOe 1502 (COL). N A R I N O : Mocoa.
1898-99, Sprugue s.n. (K).
95. Aphelnndra lingua-bovis Leonard
Aphelandra lingua-bovis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
%1:268. 1953.
Small shrubs; stems simple or sparingly
branched, terete or subquadrangular toward tip,
densely strigillose; leaf blades elliptic, oblong or
broadly oblanceolate, to 36 cm long and 14.5 cm
wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed to base and
decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, entire or
undulate, the upper surface drying green or olive,
glabrous or the younger leaves sparingly strigose,
the costa and lateral veins (14-20 pairs) flat or
slightly raised, fairly conspicuous, the lower surface
drying a somewhat lighter shade than the upper,
finely strigillose, densely so on the costa and veins,
these raised and fairly conspicuous; petioles (unwinged
portion) to 3 cm long, the pubescence that
of the stems; spikes solitary or several, terminal, to
25 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, the peduncles about
5 mm long, strigose, the rachis glabrous; bracts
bright red (living), drying brownish red, entire,
rhombic-ovate, 15 mm long, 11 mm wide, slightly
obtuse, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs toward
tip, minutely and sparingly scurfy without,
the costa prominent and excurrent, ending in a
minute mucro, the lateral nerves rather prominent,
reticulately anastomosing toward tip, the margins
ciliolate, the ocelli replaced by dull brown, alveolar,
elliptic areas to 3 mm long and 1 mm wide;
bractlets lanceolate, 16 mm long, 3 mm wide, acuminate,
the keel hirsute; calyx 18 mm long, the
84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
posterior segment oblong-lanceolate, 6 mm wide,
hirsute-strigose dorsally, acute, the anterior pair
narrowly oblong, about 3 mm wide, the lateral pair
slightly narrower than the anterior, both pairs
glabrous, acute to acuminate, ciliate at tip, all 5
segments delicately striate-nerved; corolla 5.5-6 cm
long, bright red or reddish yellow, puberulous, the
tube subcylindric, slightly curved, 3.5 mm broad
at base, 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect,
elliptic, 16 mm long, 7 mm wide, the lobes triangular,
4 mm long, partly adnate to the lower
part of the upper lip, the free portions triangular,
about 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, acute; stamens
slightly exserted; anthers 6 mm long and 1 mm
broad at base, apiculate at both ends, the tip
arachnoid-pilose; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-W. A. Archer 2012 (holotype US), Colombia,
Choc6, La Concepcion, 15 km E of Quibd6,
75 m alt, 30 Apr 1931.
DISTRIBUTION.-At low elevations, less than 100
meters, in Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia.
COSTA RICA. PUNTARENAS: Between Golfo Dulce
and Rio Terraba, 30 m alt, Dec 1947, Skutch 5284
(US); Canton de Osa, vicinity Tinoco Station, area
between Rio Esquinas and Palmar Sur de Osa, 30
m alt, 16 Mar 1950, Allen 5477 (US); Palmar, 5
Mar 1956, Schubert 1156 (US); 10 km SE of Palmar
Norte along Interamerican Hwy, 20 m alt, 26 Jan
1967, Burger Q Matta 4650 (F, US). PANAMA.
BOCAS DEL TORO: Pumpkin River, vicinity of Chiriqui
Lagoon, 31 Ju1 1941, von Wedel 2589 (US).
DARIEN: Vicinity of Pinogana, 20 m alt, 6 Oct 1938,
Allen 924 (MO, US). COLOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA:
Villa Arteaga, 150 m alt, 4-8 Aug 1947, Hodge 7012
(US). CALDAS: Santa Cecilia, 800 m alt, 30 Nov
1945, von Sneidern 5080 (US). C H O C O : Between La
Oveja and Quibdo, 1-2 Apr 1931, Archer 1731
(US); Rio Atrato, Tanando, 60 m alt, 1 Apr 1958,
Cuatrecasas Q Llano 24118 (US); Rio Taparal, off
Rio San Juan, 30 m alt, 17 Aug 1962. Robinson
229 (COL, US).
96. Aphelandra chaponensis Leonard
Aphelandra chaponensis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
Aphelandra atecmarta Leonard, Contrib. C.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
31:273. 1953.
726. 1958.
Shrubs to 3 m high or more; stems subquadrangular,
strigillose; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or
broadly oblanceolate, 25-20 cm long, 9-12.5 cm
wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface drying olivaceous, glabrous to
sparingly strigillose, the hairs confined chiefly to
the costa and lateral veins (14-16 pairs), both
costa and veins flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous,
the lower surface drying dull brownish green, the
pubescence that of the upper surface but denser
and more evenly distributed, the costa and veins
slightly raised, more conspicuous than above; petioles
(unwinged portion) to 4 cm long, the pubescence
that of the stem; spikes 1 to several, terminal
and subterminal, to 23 cm long and 10-15 mm
broad, the peduncles 1-2 cm long and 4 mm thick,
the pubescence that of the stem, the rachis glabrous
to glabrate; bracts rhombic-ovate, entire,
12-13 mm long, 9-10 mm wide, subobtuse to subacute,
nitid within, dull, glabrous and minutely
roughened without, the margins subhyaline and
ciliolate, the costa prominent to tip of bract but
scarcely excurrent, the lateral nerves prominent
except toward tip, the ocelli replaced by dull pitted
areas to 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide; bractlets
falcate-lanceolate, 10-14 mm long and 2.5-3 mm
wide, acute, striate-nerved, carinate, the keel
densely and softly hirsute, the marginal region
(about 1 mm wide) glabrous and subhyaline,
sparingly papillose; calyx 13-15 mm long, the posterior
segment ovate, 6 mm wide, the anterior
pair oblong-lanceolate, 3.5 mm wide, the lateral
pair more narrowly lanceolate, about 3 mm wide,
all obtuse, more or less apiculate, finely striatenerved,
hirtellous and ciliolate toward tip, glabrous
toward base; corolla orange to red, to 6 cm long,
papillose-puberulous except the glabrous basal
portion, the tube subcylindrical or rather narrowly
infundibuliform, 3 4 mm wide at or near base, 7
mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate,
10-14 mm long, 7.5-10 mm wide, bilobed at tip,
the lobes narrowly triangular, 2.5-3 mm long,
1.5-2 mm wide at base, acuminate, the middle lobe
of the lower lip ovate, 11-17 mm long and 6-8
mm wide, acuminate, carinate toward tip, the lateral
lobes elliptic, 4-5 mm long and 2 mm wide,
adnate in part to the upper lip of the corolla, the
free portion about 1.5 long and broad, rounded;
stamens reaching the tip of the upper lip; anthers
6-7 mm long and 1-1.5 mm broad, glabrous except
NUMBER IS 85
the arachnoid tip, acute at both ends; style glabrous
or sparingly pilose at base; ovary glabrous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 18 (holotype US, isotype
K), Colombia, Boyaca, in the region of Mount
Chapdn, 1050 m alt, 8 May 1932.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Andean Colombia, in the departments
of Boyaca and Cundinamarca at elevations
above 1000 meters. COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: On
the Caraucha Range, E of Ibama, 13 km E of
Yacopi, near Boyaca border, 2250 m alt, 8 May
1944, Grant 9167 (US, holotype of A. atecmarta
Leonard).
97. Aphelandra hartwegiana Nees ex Bentham
Aphelandra hartwegiana Nees ex Bentham, P1. Hartw. 236.
1846; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:296. 1847.-Leonard, Contrib.
US. Nat. Herb. 31:246, 1953.
Slender shrubs or small trees to 4 m high; stems
quadrangular toward tip, minutely strigose; leaf
blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, to 30 cm long and
15 cm wide, acuminate (the tip itself obtuse and
submucronulate), narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface glabrous, dark yellowish green,
drying olive or brownish, the costa shallowly channeled,
the lateral veins (12-14 pairs) slightly
raised, these and the costa scarcely conspicuous,
the lower surface light green, drying light olive,
inconspicuously strigose, the hairs sordid, more
numerous on costa and veins than elsewhere,
those bordering costa sometimes strigose-hirsute;
petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5-2 cm long, strigillose;
spikes terminal, solitary or often several, to
45 cm long and 3 cm broad, the peduncles of the
terminal spike to 2 cm long, those of the lateral
spikes to 14 cm long, both peduncles and rachis
stout, about 6 mm in diameter, glabrous or sparingly
strigose; bracts red or orange (living), drying
to brown (the border usually blackish brown), entire,
broadly rhombic-ovate, 16 mm long, 12 mm
wide, obtuse or rounded, more or less apiculate,
coriaceous, glabrous, the costa and lateral nerves
prominent except toward tip, the ocelli replaced
by irregular, elliptic, brown, faveolate areas to
about 4 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; bractlets oblong,
falcate, oblique, 10 mm long, about 4 mm
broad, subcarinate, obtuse, glabrous except the
minutely, sparingly hirsute keel, the hairs about
0.25 mm long; calyx 21 mm long, the posterior
segment oblong-elliptic, 8.5 mm wide, the anterior
pair oblong, 4.5 mm wide, the lateral pair linearoblong,
3.5 mm wide, all coriaceous, glabrous,
slightly obtuse to acute, submucronulate at tip;
corolla 6-7 cm long, glabrous, yellow, the upper
lip erect, lanceolate, 2 cm long, about 6 mm wide,
bilobed; the lobes triangular, about 5 mm long
and 3 mm wide, acuminate and apiculate, the
middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, lance-ovate,
about 2 cm long and 12 mm wide, acuminate, the
lateral segments about 7 mm long, partly adnate
to the upper lip of the corolla, their free portions
triangular, about 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide,
obtuse; capsules (immature) obovoid, about 13
mm long and 4 mm in diameter, glabrous, nitid,
sparingly puncticulate.
TYPE.-Hartweg 1270 (holotype K), Colombia,
Cundinamarca, in shady woods on the Hacienda
de Palmar, near Guaduas.
DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Forests, along streams and wooded
mountain slopes at elevations usually below
100 m. In southern Panama, in the provinces of
Colon, Panama, San Blas, and Darien. In Colombia
the species is found in the departments of Antioquia,
Choco, and Valle. PANAMA. COLON: Around
Dos Bocas, Rio Fato valley, 40-80 m alt, 16 Aug
1911, Pittier 4195 (US). PANAMA Piria, 150 m alt,
24 Sep 1967, Duke 14434 (US). SAN BLAS: Mainland
opposite Ailigandi, from mouth of Ailigandi
River to 2.5 m inland, 7-8 Dec 1966, Lewis, Dwyer,
Elias, dr Solis 191 (GH, K, MO, UC, US). DARIEN:
Vicinity of Pinogana, 20 m alt, 6 Oct 1938, Allen
921 (MO, US); vicinity of Paya, Rio Paya; trail
between Paya and Payita, 9 Jun 1959, Stern, Chambers,
Dwyer, Q Ebinger 177 (US); Camp Tiotuma,
50 m alt, 15 Mar 1968, Duke 15515 (US); along the
Sambu River, Feb 1912, Pittier 5557 (US). Co-
LOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: Villa Arteaga, 4-8 Aug 1947,
Hodge 7053 (US); near Chigorodo, 40 m S of
Turbo, 50 m alt, 22 May 1945, Haught 4699 (US);
Rio Curepa, 12 km NE of Chicorodo, 35 km S of
Turbo, 100 m alt, 1 Jun 1945, Haught 4739 (COL);
Chigorodo, highway to Turbo, 20, 23 Dec 1962,
Garcia-Barriga 17656 (COL); between Villa Areteaga
and Chigorodo, at Lomitas, 1 Oct 1961, Cuatrecasas
dr Willard 26108 (US); Zona Cauchera de
Villa Arteaga, 21 Dec 1952, Cabrera 43 (COL);
Mutata , 100 m alt, 17 Jan 1947, Uribe 1505 (US);
around Rio Ampurrumiado, 11 Oct 1947, Gutie'rrer
86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
6. Barkley 17C141 (COL), 17C153 (COL). CHOCO:
Tilupo, municipio de Riosucio, 16 Jun 1957, Romero
6268 (COL); municipio de Riosucio, at edge
of the Rio Truando, between the junction of the
Rio Chintado and Salado, 24 Oct 1956, Romero
6126, 6127 (COL); municipio de Riosucio, banks
of the Rio Chintado, 3 km from the mouth of the
Rio Truado, 12 Nov 1956, Romero 6184 (COL);
around the falls of the Rio Truand6, 2 Ju1 1954,
Romero 4669 (COL); Rio Jurado, 100 m alt, 9 Nov
1940, Sneidern 201 (COL); Cupica, 14 Jun 1950,
Fernandez 354 (COL, US) Bahia Solano: dense
forest along Quebrada Jellita; 50-100 m alt, 22
Feb 1939, KiZlip Q Garcia 35639 (US). VALLE: La
Trojita, Rio Calima, 5-50 m alt, 19 Feb-10 Mar
1944, Cuatrecasas 16355 (COL). DEPARTMENT (?);
Playa, Lehmann 9047 (K).
98. Aphelandra scolnikne Leonard
Aphelandra scolnikae Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
252. 1953.
Shrubs to 3 m high; stems woody, terete, strigose;
leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, to 14 cm long
and 5 cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip blunt),
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
subcoriaceous, undulate to crenate, the upper surface
glabrous or nearly so, the lower surface
brownish strigose, the costa and lateral veins (8-10
pairs) rather prominent; petioles (unwinged
portion to 1 cm long, densely strigose; spikes several,
terminal and subterminal, pedunculate, to
10 cm long, about 1 cm broad, the peduncles to 1
cm long and 1.5 mm in diameter, minutely strigose,
the rachis white-tomentose; bracts entire, rhombicovate,
drying brownish orange, 9-10 mm long,
5.5-6 mm wide slightly below middle, acute, subtomentose
at base, the medial region moderately
strigose, the marginal region glabrous and subhyaline,
ciliolate, the inner surface glabrous, the costa
and lateral nerves inconspicuous, the alveolar spot
elliptic, about 1 mm long and 0.5 mm wide, brown;
bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide,
acuminate, carinate, the keel densely whitish pubescent;
calyx l l mm long, the posterior segment
oblong, 3.5 mm wide, the medial region finely
pubescent, the anterior and lateral segments narrowly
oblong, 2-2.5 mm wide, glabrous toward
base, puberulous toward tip, all segments coriaceous,
striate-nerved and subacute at tip; corollas
not seen; ovary glabrous; capsule subclavate, 12
mm long, about 4 mm broad and 3 mm thick,
rounded at tip, glabrous.
TYPE.-Burkky, Scolnik (1. Orozco 523 (holotype
US), Colombia, Antioquia, below the divide, Santa
Elena, along road betweeen Medellin and Rionegro,
2500 m alt, 2 Apr 1949.
DIsmIBuTIoN.-At elevations above 1700 meters
in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. Co-
LOMBIA. ANTIOQUIA: Dense wooded region near
La Palmitas, 1700 m alt, 5 Mar 1949, Barkley, Rios,
& Betancourt 618 (US); in the Boqueron de San
Cristobal, 2500 m alt, 5 Mar 1949, Scolnik, Burkley,
6 Penu 554 (US).
99. Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard
Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
Aphelandra arborescens Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
51:275. 1953.
31277. 1953.
Shrubs or small trees to 5 m high, with brownish
pubescence; stems subquadrangular, glabrous below,
the tips densely strigose, the hairs 0.5 mm
long; leaf blades oblanceolate to broadly oblanceolate
or obovate, to 25 cm long and 10 cm wide,
acute to acuminate at apex (the tip itself blunt),
narrowed from about middle to base and decurrent
on the petiole, drying olive brown, subchartaceous,
the margins entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous or nearly so, the costa and lateral
veins (13-15 pairs) sometimes bearing a few small
appressed hairs, the lower surface drying yellowish,
finely pubescent, the costa and veins prominent;
petioles (unwinged portion) 1-4 cm long, the hairs
resembling those of the stem tips; spikes 1 to several,
short-pedunculate, 3.5-10 cm long, about 1
cm broad, the peduncles 5-20 mm long, densely
strigose, the rachis glabrous to densely pubescent
at and near insertion of the bracts; bracts carmine,
rhombic-ovate, entire, 7-10 mm long, 5.5-6 mm
wide, rounded at tip, glabrous within, strigose
without, the hairs borne medially for the most
part, the margins ciliate, the ocelli consisting of
elliptic, dark brown alevolate areas, to 1.25 mm
long and 0.75-1 mm wide; bractlets narrowly and
obliquely lanceolate, 6.5-7 mm long, 1-1.75 mm
wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender
tip, carinate, densely hirsute dorsally, the hairs
about 0.5 mm long, the margins thin, glabrous and
NUMBER 18 87
delicately striate; calyx 7-8 mm long, the posterior
segment oblong, 4 mm wide, acute, the anterior
segments lanceolate, 2 mm wide, acute, the lateral
pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide at base,
slenderly acute, all of the segments finely striate,
glabrous except at tips, here puberulous; corolla
carmine, minutely papillose, 5.5-6.5 cm long, the
tube 4.5 cm long, 3-3.5 mm broad at base, narrowed
at 4 mm above base to 2 mm, thence enlarged
to about 7.5 mm at throat, the upper lip
erect, oblong, 1.7-2 cm long and 1 cm wide, bilobed,
the lobes triangular and slenderly acuminate, 5
mm long, 2 mm wide at base, the tips outwardly
curved, the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong to
narrowly ovate, about 2 cm long, 5 mm wide near
middle, slenderly acuminate at tip, the lateral
lobes adhering to the lower part of the upper lip,
their free portions triangular, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm
wide at base, rounded at tip; stamens reaching the
notch of the upper lip; anthers 4.5 mm long, 0.75
mm wide, rounded and minutely apiculate at base;
filaments glabrous toward tip, somewhat pilose
toward base; ovary glabrous; style about as long
as the stamens; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-E. Killip 5676 (holotype GH), Colombia,
Valle, in wooded ravine at La Cumbre, 1600-1800
m alt, 14-19 May 1922.
DIsTRIBUTION.-At elevations above 1000 meters
in the departments of Tolima, Valle, and Cauca,
Colombia. COLOMBIA. TOLIMA: Quindio, 1854,
Triann s.n. (COL, K, P). VALLE: At La Laguna,
on the left bank of the Rio Sanguinini, 1400 m alt,
10-20 Dec 1943,Cuatrecasus 15400 (US, holotype of
A. arborescens Leonard); Rio Cauca, 1200 m alt,
10 Aug 1930, Dryander 681 (US); junction of the
Pichindecito and Pichinde rivers, 1580-1650 m alt,
7 Nov 1944, Cuatrecasas 18751 (COL); Rio Bravo,
NW of Darien, 1410 m alt, 26 Jun 1962, Hugh-
Jones 121 (K, US); near Las Ollas, NW of
Restrepo, 1200 m alt, 9 Aug. 1962, Robinson 176
(K, US); Prov. Cauca, Timba, 1100 m alt, 3 Mar
1937, von Sneidern 1113 ( S , US). CAUCA: Aganche,
Lehmann B.T. 1165 (K, NY).
100. Aphelandra barkleyi Leonard
Aphelandra burkkyi Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
221. 1953.
Suffrutescent shrub to 1 m high; stems glabrous;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, to 35 cm long and 12.5
cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt),
more or less abruptly narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, membranaceous, entire, undulate
or subcrenate, glabrous or the lower surface
sparingly strigillose, the costa and lateral veins
(15 or 16 pairs) slender but prominent; petioles
(unwinged portion) to 5 cm long, glabrous to
sparingly strigillose; spikes 1 to several, to 15 cm
or occasionally as much as 30 cm long, 1 cm broad,
the terminal spike subsessile, the others shortpeduncled,
the peduncles to 1 cm long, glabrous,
the rachis white-flocculose-tomentose; bracts
rhombic-ovate, light brown, entire, 7.5 mm long,
6 mm wide at 3.5 mm above base, subacute, drying
light brown, glabrous or the medial region puberulous,
the margins densely ciliolate, the costa and
lateral nerves (several pairs) prominent, ocelli
usually 6 or 7, suborbicular, 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter,
light brown, nitid, contiguous; bractlets
lanceolate, oblique, carinate, 8 mm long, 2 mm
wide near base, finely striate-nerved, subhyaline on
margin, glabrous within, pubescent without; calyx
segments 8 mm long, acute coriaceous, striatenerved,
pilose at tip, otherwise puberulous, the
posterior segment narrowly ovate, 4 mm wide, the
anterior pair oblong-lanceolate, 3 mm wide, the
lateral pair linear-lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide;
corolla scarlet, papillose, 5-5.5 cm long, the tube
4 mm broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 6 mm
above base, thence enlarged to a subcylindric
throat, 6.5 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, oblongovate, 18 mm long, 7 mm wide, bilobed
at apex, the lobes triangular, 7 mm long,
3.5 mm wide at base, acuminate, the lower lip
trilobed, the middle lobe more or less spreading,
lanceolate, about 18 mm long, 6 mm wide, acuminate
and recurved at tip, the lateral lobes oblong,
about 4 mm long and 1 mm wide, slightly
obtuse, their upper margins connate with the
lower part of the upper lip; stamens reaching
notch of the upper lip; anthers 6.5 mm long, 1.5
mm broad, obtuse and apiculate at both ends;
filaments glabrous or puberulous near base; ovary
glabrous.
TypE.-Araque-Molina & Barkley 18M.033 (holo.
type US), Colombia, Meta, on the banks of the
Rio Guatiquia between the foothills and plains in
the vicinity of Villavicencio, 350 m alt, 20 Nov
1948.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Endemic in the vicinity of Villa88
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
vicencio, Colombia, at elevations below 500 meters.
COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA-META: Quetame to Villavicencio,
500 m alt, Jan 1930, Perez-Arbeldaz 35
(COL). META: Along Rio Guatiquia, near Villavicencio,
500 m alt, 18-19 Mar 1939, Killip 34489
(US); Rio Guejar, forest S of El Mico Airstrip, 400
m alt, 7 Nov 1949, Philipson, Zdrobo, 6 Fernandez
1351 (US); Villavicencio, 500 m alt, 9 Nov 1938,
Cuatrecasas 4538 (US); 6 Jan 1939, Haught 2528
(US); 19‘Mar 1939, Alston 7645 (US); Ocoa forest
near Villavicencio, 21 Ju1 1945, Schiefer 851 (US);
Villavicencio to Upin and return, Salitre, 408 m
alt, 4 Jan 1876, Andre 1071 (K); Apiai, Llano de
San Martin, Triana s.n. (COL); between Acacias
and San Martin, near Rio Guamal, 430 m alt, 28
JuI 1946, Uribe 1319 (COL). TOLIMA: “Andes de
Mariquita,” Quindio, 1000 m alt, Mar 1852, Triana
s.n. (K).
101. Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacquin)
Humboldt, Bonpland, 81 Kunth
FIGURE 17
Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, &
Justicia pulcherrima Jacquin, Enum. P1. Carib. 11. 1760;
Justicia arborea Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768.
Aphelandra cristata (Jacquin) R. Brown, sensu Bot. Mag. 38,
pl. 1578. 1813 [not as to basionym].
Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, &
Kunth var. deltoidea Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11296.
1847.
Aphelandra glabrata Willdenow ex Nees in de Candolle,
Prodr. 11:296. 1847.
Aphelandra daernonia Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
223. 1953.
Aphelandra sericophytla Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
31:254. 1953.
Aphelandra incerta Leonard, F1. Trinidad and Tobago 2362.
1954.
Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs to 4 m high; stems
erect, sparingly branched, obscurely quadrangular
toward tip, pubescent to tomentose, the lower
portions of the stems terete, light grayish green,
sparingly pubescent to glabrate; leaf blades ovate
to oblong-elliptic, 8-27 cm long, 3.5-11 cm wide,
short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt or apiculate
to slightly acute), narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, entire, undulate or shallowly crenate,
the upper surface drying olive, finely pubes-
Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:236. 1817.
Stirp. Amer. 6, pl. 2, fig. 4. 1763.
cent to glabrate, the hairs curved, subappressed,
the costa flat or shallowly impressed, the lateral
veins (16-20 pairs) 3-4 mm apart, slightly raised,
the lower surface drying to light green or gray,
usually densely pubescent, mostly denser on costa
and veins, these prominent, the veinlets finely reticulate;
petioles about 5 mm long, the pubescence
similar to that of the costa; spikes solitary or
several in a fascicle, quadrangular, terminal, subsessile,
to 20 cm long and 8 mm broad, the rachis
white-cottony-tomentose; bracts rhombic-ovate, entire,
5-7 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide at middle, 2-3
mm wide at base, acute at apex, dorsally densely
puberulous becoming white-pilose toward base,
ventrally glabrous except toward margins, here
finely pubescent, obscurely striate-nerved, the costa
and a pair of lateral nerves prominent, reticulately
veined toward margin, ocelli solitary, in twos, or
sometimes several, distinct or more or less fused,
conspicuous, orbicular to elliptic, 0.5-1 mm long,
about 0.75 mm wide, dark brown or blackish,
nitid; bractlets lanceolate, 6-7 mm long, about 2
mm wide near base, acute at apex, falcate, obliquely
subcarinate, puberulous without, glabrous
within, finely striate-nerved; calyx 7-8 mm long,
the posterior segment oblong, 3 mm wide, the lateral
segments lanceolate, about 2 mm wide, the
middle pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide, all
acute and striate-nerved; corolla bright red or
scarlet, puberulous, 5-6 cm long, about 3 mm
broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at tip of ovary,
thence gradually enlarged and slightly ventricose,
about 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect,
ovate, 15-20 mm long, 9 mm wide, 2-lobed, the
lobes narrowly triangular, 3.5-9 mm long and 1-4
mm wide, slenderly acuminate, the lower lip 3-
lobed, erect or spreading with age, the middle lobe
linear-oblong, 22-24 mm long and 6-7 mm wide,
abruptly acuminate, the lateral lobes about 3 mm
long and 1 mm wide, slightly obtuse, adnate in
part to the upper lip; stamens exserted about 7
mm beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; ovary
and style glabrous; capsules clavate, about 17 mm
long, 6 mm broad toward tip, narrowed to 3 mm
at base, glabrous, minutely gland-dotted; seeds flat,
reddish brown, about 5 mm long and 4 mm broad,
flattened, glabrous, or sparingly puberulous.
TypE.-jacquin s.n. (holotype W), Colombia,
Bolivar, “Habitat frequens Carthagenae in sylvaticus
montis de la Popa.” Typification is made in
NUMBER 18 89
part on the basis of Jacquin’s illustration consisting
of a leaf and a corolla.
DrsTRIsuTIoN.-Woods and thickets, often along
streams at various elevations ranging from sea
level to 2200 meters. Costa Rica to Andean Bolivia
and in a few West Indian localities. COSTA RICA.
GUANACASTE: Boca Culebra, 50 m alt, 18 Jan 1898,
Pittier 11.988 (US). ALAJUELA: Coyolar, May 1930,
Porsch 766 (W). SAN JOSE: Along Rio Tarroza,
between Frailes and San Andres, 1300 m alt, 22
Dec 1966, Burger 4041 (F). PANAMA. CANAL ZONE:
Along Rio Indio de Gatun, 14 Feb 1911, Maxon
4807 (US). PANAMA: Along Charare River, above
Chepo, 50-200 m alt, 29-30 Oct 1911, Pittier 4723
(US). SAN BLAS: Headwaters of Rio Cuadi, Camp
Diablo, 18 Dec 1967, Duke, Robyns, & Verhoek
3611 (MO, US); mainland opposite Ailigandi,
from mouth of Ailigandi River to 2.5 m inland,
7-8 Dec 1966, Lewis, Dwyer, Elias, & Solis 172
(MO, US); forests around Puerto Obaldia, San
Blas coast, 0-50 m alt, Aug 1911, Pittier 4280 (US);
beach E of Puerto Obaldia, 19 Aug 1971, Croat
16890 (MO, US). DARIEN: Camp Summit, adjacent
Darien-San Blas border along Sea Level Canal
Route 17, 300-360 m alt, 18 Dec 1967, Oliver,
BlackweEl, & Nowicke 3676 (MO, US.) “ST.
THOMAS”: 1841, Finlay s.n. (P). Urban (Symb. Ant.
3:47-48. 1902) noted that the Finlay collections at
Paris, purportedly from “St. Thomas,” were probably
collected in Trinidad. “MARTINIQUE”: 1860,
Herb. Brongniart sen. (P), probably collected in
the botanic garden. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad,
27 Nov 1888, Broadway s.n. (Herb. Trin.
4500), (US, holotype of A. incerta Leonard); Trinidad,
Richard sen. (P); Chacachacare, 5 Apr 1921,
Britton, Freeman, 6 Brown 2761 (NY, US); Carrera
Island, Feb 1867, Herb. Trin. 2898 (US);
Maqueripe, coastal hillside, 3 Mar 1920, Britton,
Britton, & Hazen 209 (NY, US); Blue Basin, 17
Apr 1920, Britton, Britton, 6 Hazen 1906 (NY,
US); Aripo Savannah at Waller Field, 9-23 Feb
1950, Howard 10446 (US); Blue Basin, Diego Martin,
l Jan 1926, Broadway 5875 (K); Montserrat
hills, 11 Dec 1952, Herb. Trin. 14776 (K); Quarry
Hill, Marac rd., 6 Nov 1929, Herb. Trin. 12291
(K); Lockhart 130 (K); Tobago, 12 Aug 1910,
Broadway s.n. (P); Tobago, Calder Hall, Nov 1889,
Eggers 5721 (K, P, US); Ridge Forest above
Hermitage River, N end of Main Ridge, 150-400
m alt, 12 Apr 1959, Cowan 1549 (P, US); Forest
Preserve, Northside Road, near 29.5 milepost, 360
m alt, 23 Aug 1959, Webster, Miller, & Walker
9841 (US); Spreyside, Ju1 1961, Snow s.n. (K);
Lambeau Hill, 7 Oct 1937, Sandwith 1647 (K);
Mt. Dillon, 300 m alt, 7 Dec 1949, Baker Q Dennis
14537 (K). GUYANA. Ireng River, Oct-Jan 1884-85,
Jenman 14 (US); Jenman 6357 (K, US); western
extremity of Kanuku Mountains, in drainage of
Takutu River, 200 m alt, A. C. Smith 3239 (LE,
P, US, W); 1841, Schomburgh 109 (K); Coast Region,
Sept-Oct 1881, Jenman 1532 (K); Ireng
River, 11 May 1884, im Thurn 14 (K); Wabuwak,
Kanuku Mts., 600 m alt, Oct 1948, Forest Dept.
5863 (K); Rupununi River, 26 Nov 1957, Coolk
210 (K). VENEZUELA. SUCRE: Forest of Aricagua,
vicinty of Christobal Colon, 5 Jan-22 Feb 1923,
Broadway 496 (US); the Balcon, vicinity of
Christobal Colon, 5 Jan-22 Feb 1923, Broadway 104
(US); Guacarapo, Feb 1942, Lasser 197 (US); along
Quebrada Juajua near Cumanacoa, 31 Dec 1940,
Pittier 14676 (US, VEN). MONAGAS: In front of
Cerro La Cueva, 0.5 km from the entrance of La
Cueva del Guacharo, 975-1050 m alt, 29 Nov 1967,
Bunting 2658 (US); Cumanacoa-Caripe highway,
between Las Piedras & San Antonio, 30 Nov 1967,
Bunting 2693 (US). DELTA AMACURO: Rio Cuyubini,
Cerro La Paloma, Sierra Imataca, 100-200 m
alt, 16 Nov 1960, Steyermark 87587 (US, VEN).
ANZOATEGUI: Quebrada Bonita, tributary of Rio
Querecual, NE of Bergantine, 1200 m alt, 17 Feb
1945, Steyermark 60978 (VEN); Quebrada Negra,
tributary of Rio Zumbador, NE of Bergantin, 500
m alt, 24 Feb 1945, Steyermark 61147 (US, VEN);
steep forested slopes between Cerro San Jose, along
headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, and Cerro
Peonia, 1500-1600 m alt, 20 Mar 1945, Steyermark
61568 (US, VEN). MIRANDA: Around Dos Caminos
and Los Chorros, 800-1300 m alt, 14 Mar 1913,
Pittier 5928 (P, US); Quebrada de Las Comadres,
near Las Mostazas, 1200 m alt, Nov 1924, Allart
260 (US, VEN); Guarenas, Mar 1846, Funck 6
Schlim 459 (P). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Caracas, Bredemeyer
s.n. (W); Caracas, Moritz 70 (FI); Caracas,
1842, Linden 114 (P); Avila, 1300 m alt, 19 Jan
1952, Gines 4435 (US); vicinity of Caracas, Dec
1920-Jan 1921, Bailey & Bailey 484 (US); Chacaito
Gorge around Caracas, 800-1000 m alt, 11 Dec
1921, Pittier 9942 (US, VEN); Middle Catuche
wood, above Caracas, 1200-1400 m alt, 25 Mar
1917, Pittier 7066 (US, VEN). ARAGUA: Maracay,
90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
1928, Vogl 108 (M); Maracay, 1928-33, Vogl 960
(M, US); Maracay, near El Simon, Jan 1934, Vogl
1477 (M); Guamitas, 22 Apr 1938, Williams 9994
(US, VEN); near Colonia Tovar, 1854-5, Fendler
809, 2035 (K). YARACUY: Cerro La Chapa, N of
Nirgua, 1200-1400 m alt, 9-10 Nov 1967, Steyermark,
Bunting, & Wessels-Boer 100261 (US, VEN);
Sierra de Aroa, Cerro Negro, 500-800 m alt, 13
Nov 1967, Steyermark 6 Wessels-Boer 10038? (US);
Sierra de Aroa, 1200 m alt, 19 Dec 1952, Aristeguieta
6 Foldats 1492 (VEN). FALCON: 40.5 km S
of Coro, 1000 m alt, 25 Jan 1966, Steyermark 6
Braun 94715 (US, VEN). LARA: Between Yaritagua
and Duaca, 1929, Suer 346 (VEN); vicinity of
Barquisimeto, 1929, Suer 386 (VEN). ZULIA: Vicinity
of Perija, 1917, Tejera 49 (US); Perija, Jan
1948, Lasser 2492 (VEN); along Rio Negro, W of
Machiques, at base of Sierra Perija, 240 m alt, Dec
1947, Gines 63 (US). BOL~VAR: Upata, 1864, Grosourdy
13 (P); 17 km E of Upata, Oct 1965, Blanco
328 (US); NE of Canaima, Sur de Cerro Venado,
200-500 m alt, 17 Feb 1964, Agostini 315 (US,
VEN); Sierra Imataca, Rio Toro, between Rio La
Reforma and Puerto Rico, N of El Palmar, 200-
250 m alt, 11 Dec 1960, Steyermark 87943 (US,
VEN); 12 Dec 1960, Steyermark 87970 (US, VEN);
upper part of west-facing wooded slopes, E of
Miamo, Altiplanicie Nuria, 300-500 m alt, 8 Jan
1961, Steyermark 88190 (US, VEN); El Hacha,
1906, Brown 102 (K); 15 km W of Kamarata, 450
m alt, 8 Mar 1967, Koyama Q Agostini 7544 (VEN).
COLOMBIA. GUA JIRA: Between Cuestecita and
Carraipia, forested margins of Rio Rancheria, 80
m alt, 30 Nov 1959, Cuatrecasas 6 Romero 25517
(COL, US). MAGDALENA: E of Los Venados, near
Cano Sagarriga, 120 m alt, 21 Jan 1961, Dugand
5510 (W); Santa Marta, between Bonda and Rh
Piedras, 4 Jan 1967, Romero 10.828 (COL); near
Bonda, vicinity of Santa Marta, 31 Oct 1898, H. H.
Smith 1415 (US, holotype of A. daemonia Leonard,
isotypes GH, K, NY, P, PH, S); Tucurinca, 1843,
Funck ?15 (P); Tucurinca, Dec 1947, Romero 583
(COL); 594 (COL); between Tucurinca and Fundacibn,
8 Feb 1962, Romero 9199 (COL); between
La Gran Via and Cerro Mico around Riofrio, 26
Mar 1959, Romero 7637 (COL); slopes of the
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 600 m alt, 10 Jan
1948, Cardona, Gutierrez, 6 Barkley 18C077 (US);
foothill of the Sierra de PerijP, Manaure, 750-790
m alt, 4 Nov 1959, Cuatrecasas 6- Romero 25012
(COL, US); Cerrejon, 100 m alt, 3 Dec 1949,
Haught 6730 (US); near Codazzi, 250-350 m alt,
20 Oct 1943, Haught 3759 (US); Rio Magdalena,
Weir s.n. (K); Poponte, 12 Dec 1924, Allen 845
(K). ATLANTICO: Arroya de Megua, 50 m alt, 13
Jan 1941, Dugand 6. Jaramillo 2800 (US); Barranquilla,
Jan 1928, Elias 440 (US); Los Pendales, 10-
20 m alt, 1 Feb 1940, Dugand Q Garcia 2549 (US);
6 Jan 1941, Dugand 6 Jaramillo 2701 (US); LUruaco,
Apolinar 491 (US); Piojo, vicinity of Barranquilla,
Jan 1929, Elias 705 (US); Porto Colombia,
Jan 1932, Elias 860 (US); Tubara, 200-250 m alt,
17 Jan 1946, Dugand 6 Jaramillo 4053 (US); Usiacuri,
50 m alt, 2 Jan 1949, Araque Q Barkley
19At.081 (US); Usiacuri, Arroyo del Higuerbn,
100 m alt, 5 Jan 1940, Dugand rL- Garcia 2237 (US).
BOL~VAR: Vicinity of Cartagena, 1919, Heriberto
268 (US); Castilla La Popa, vicinity of Cartagena,
25 m alt, 4 Jan 1949, Araque 6 Barkley 19B0.033
(US); Cerro de la Popa, 4 Feb 1962, Saravia CLJohnson
38 (COL); Turbaco, Nov 1920, Heriberto
415 (US); 200-300 m alt, 6-22 Nov 1926, Killip Q
Smith 14310 (US); N of Arjona, 30-50 m alt, 15
Nov 1926, Killip 6. Smith 14516 (US); W of El
Carmen, 235 m alt, 23 Jan 1962, Beuther 18-A
(COL); Cano Papayal, vicinity of Estrella, Lands
of Loba, Apr-May 1916, Curran 321 (US); Monteria,
50 m alt, 12 Jan 1949, Bechara, Araque, &
Barkley 19Bo.218 (US). NORTE DE SANTANDER: Prov.
Ocana, Aquachica, 240 in alt, Nov 1846-52, Schlirn
1092 (FI, K, P); vicinity of Esmeralda, 750 m alt,
19 Mar 1927, Killip 6 Smith 20931 (US); Rio
Zulia, 700 m alt, 21 Dec 1948, Araque, Otdlora pi7
Barkley 18NS.066 (US). BOYACA: Pajarito, quebrada
Curisi, 1100 m alt, 10 Oct 1963, Uribe 4555
(US); Pajarito, highway between Sogamoso and
Casanare, 900 rn alt, 12 Dec 1969, Uribe 6348 (US).
CUNDINAMARCA: Between Fusagasuga and Pandi,
Humboldt s.n. (B, destroyed, F photo 8708, holotype
of A. glabrata Willdenow ex Nees); Fusagasuga,
25 Dec 1852, Holton 595 (K); Guaduas, Ju1
1923, Ariste-Joseph 1019 (US); E of Guaduas, between
Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara, 1040-1320
m alt, 24 Ju1 1947, Garcia 12358 (US); highway
between Guaduas and Guaduero, 700-800 m alt,
29 Jun 1956, Uribe 2791 (COL); Anolaima “La
Florida,” Jan 1933, Perez 2120 (COL); hillside E
of Apulo, along trail to Anapoima, 460-600 m alt,
4 May 1944, Killip, Dugand, 6 Jaramillo 38155
(P, US); N of Apulo, 460-480 m alt, 5 May 1944,
NUMBER 18 91
Killip, Dugand, Q Jaramillo 38237 (US); La Paila,
prov of Cauca, 1000 m alt, Ju1 1853, Triana 4174
(COL, K); between Tocaima and Pubenza, 1000 m
alt, 14 Apr 1952, Uribe 2308 (US); Narino, 500 m
alt, Perez 417 (COL, US); Nilo, near the Azufrada,
400 m alt, 19 Ju1 1961, Murillo Q Jararnillo 231
(COL); between Nil0 and the Quebrada de Agua
de Diosito, 530 m alt, 3 Aug 1961, Murillo, Jarumillo,
Q Fayad 292 (COL); paramos of Guasca,
toward Gacheta, Ariste-Joseph son. (US); Casas
Viejas, Limba, 400 m alt, Feb 1858, Trianu 2366
(COL, holotype of A. sericophylla Leonard, isotypes
P, W ). CUNDINAMARCA-TOLIMA: Puente Natural
de Icononzo, 820 m alt, 31 Mar 1948, Uribe
1691 (US). TOLIMA: Honda, Aug 1919, Ariste-
Joseph A?60 (US); Angustura de Honda, 9 Dec
1875, Andre 287 (K); Mariquita, junction of the
Rios Guamo & Murillo, 450 m alt, 15 Ju1 1958,
Uribe ?182 (COL); Doima, 23 Nov 1938, Haught
2449 (US); Rio Coello, 1844, Goudot s.n. (K, P);
Ibague, 700-800 m alt, 2 Aug 1952, Koie 5110
(US); Guamo, 350 m alt, 3 May 1963, Uribe 4313
(COL); El Guamo, in Caracoli, 400 m alt, 17 Apr
1954, Uribe 2576 (US); Guamo, 400 m alt, Jun
1961, Uribe 3750 (COL); E of Chaparral, ca. 38 km
on road to Coyaima, 600 m alt, Ju1 1950, S. Galen
Smith 1314 (US). HUILA: Alto de Limba, 1844,
Goudot s.n. (K, P); E of Neiva, 800-1000 m ah,
31 Ju1 1917, Rusby 57 Pennell 409 (NY, US). ANTIOQUIA:
Dabeiba, 350 m alt, 11 Jan 1947, Uribe 14?6
(COL); vicinity of Dabeiba, 21 Mar 1948, Johnson
Q Barkley 18C.409 (US); Uraba, Rio Urama, between
Dabeiba and Urama, 500 m alt, 20 Jan 1947,
Uribe 1516 (COL); 1517 (COL); San Luis de
Cocorna, 3 km from the junction of the Rios
Cocorna and Magdalena, 19 Nov 1963, Rornero
10.104 (COL); La Pintada, 800 m alt, Mar 1963,
Espinal 877 (COL). VALLE: Cisneros, along Rio
Dagua, 300-500 m alt, 5 May 1939, Killip 35586
(US); along Rio Dagua, 300-1000 m alt, Lehrnann
s.n. (K); between Las Juntas and El Naranjo, on
the Rio Dagua, 300-1000 m alt, Lehmann 5506
(K); La Cumbre, 1600-1800 m alt, 14-19 May 1922,
Pennell 5676 (US); Cali, 2200 m alt, Ju1 1941,
Herrera 944 (US); around Palmira, Canta Claro,
11 Oct 1962, Figueiras 8.068 (US). WITHOUT LOCALITY:
Triana s.n. (NY, US); 1760-1808, Mzitis
720 (US), 1540 (US); 11 May 1921, Hiisnot s.n.
(P); Moritz s.n. (W); Valle de Caesar, Dawe 606
(K). ECUADOR. MA NAB^: El Recreo, Eggers 14841
(K, LE, P, S, US). GUAYAS: Guayaquil, Haenke
s.n. (PR); 12 km W of Guayaquil, 4 Apr 1962,
Gilmartin 668 (US); Guayaquil, Cerro Azul, 22
Oct 1958, Hurling ?045 (S); vicinity of Guayaquil,
Cerro Azul, 14 Jun 1955, Asplund 1664? (S); Hacienda
Santa Barbarita, Rio Duale below Pichincha,
18-26 Apr 1959, Hurling 4818 (S). cHIMBORAZO:
Vicinity of Huigra, mostly on the Hacienda
de Licay, 8 Sep 1918, Rose c?r Rose 22591 (US);
Canon of the Rio Chanchan, from Naranjapata
to below Huigra, 600-900 m alt, 19 Jun 1945, Camp
E-3891 (NY, US); in Valle Pallatange, Sep 1891,
Sodiro 122/8 (P). LOJA: Between San Pedro and
Santa Ana, 1065-1220 m alt, 5 Aug 1943, Steyermurk
53751 (US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Feb
1877, Vidal-Senege s.n. (P), PERU. TUMBES: Zarumilla:
Bosque Nacional de Tumbes, Campo Verde,
600-800 m alt, 13 Dec 1967, Schunke 2386 (F, US).
CAJAMARCA: Jaen, 500-600 m alt, 27 Mar 1950,
Woytkowski 5607 (MO, US). AMAZONAS: Bagua-
Ingenio, prov. Bagua, 550 m alt, 27 May 1963,
Lopez, Segastegui, Q Collantes 4244 (US); prov.
Bagua, Rio Utcubamba between Bagua and Campomiento
Ingenio, km 275 E of Olmos at Aseraderro,
630 m alt, 19 Mar 1964, Hutchison Q Wright
4451 (UC, US). SAN MARTIN: Alto Rio Huallaga,
360-900 m alt, Dec 1929, Williams 5756 (US);
Juanjui, Alto Rio Huallaga, 400 m alt, Oct 1934,
Klug 3890 (US); around Juanjui, prov. Mariscal
Caceres, 300-400 m alt, 17 Aug 1948, Ferreyra 4494
(US); San Martin: Juan Guerra, Dec 1902, Ule
6492 (K). HUANUCO: Cueva Grande station near
Poduzo, 1050 m alt, 23 Jun 1923, Macbride 4795
(NY, US); vicinity of Tingo Maria, 800 m alt, 25
Sep 1962, Schunke 6178 (US). JUN~N: Satipo: West
bank of the Rio Ene near the mouth of the Rio
Chiquireni, 350 m alt, 21 Aug 1970, Madison
10448-70 (NA). HUANCAVELICA: Tayacaja, SE of
Tintay, 750 m alt, 11 Apr 1964, Tovar 4609 (US).
BOLIVIA. LA PAZ: Guana-Tipuani, Apr-Jun 1892,
Bung 1?68 (US); Guania, 600 m alt, May 1886,
Rusby 1107 (US); prov. of S. Yungas, basin of Rio
Bopi, San Bartolome (near Calisaya), 750-900 m
alt, 1-22 Ju1 1939, Krukofl10010 (NY, US). BRAZIL.
AMAZONAS: Basin of Rio Jurua, near mouth of the
Rio Embira (tributary of Rio Tarauaca), 19 Jun
1933, Krukoff 4925 (NY, US). ACRE: Rio Acre,
near Porto Carlos, Feb 1911, Ule 9809 (K).
Robert Brown (1813) proposed the combination
A. cristata (Jacquin) R. Brown for a West
92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Indian shrub, introduced into cultivation by Lord
Seaforth, He did not designate any type but illustrated
the species. Under his synonymy for this
species he listed Justicia arborea Miller; the holotype
of this species was not seen, but is presumably
in the British Museum.
Nees did not designate a type for his A. pulcherrima
var. deltoidea; from his brief description I
conclude that the variety is a mere ecological variation
frvn the typical species.
102. Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard
Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
31:218. 1953.
Shrubs or small trees to 3 m high; stems erect or
ascending, the tips quadrangular, densely whitishstrigose,
the older portions of the stems terete,
glabrous, gray; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to
lanceolate, 8-13 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, acute to
acuminate, the tip blunt and often curved, gradually
narrowed at base, subcoriaceous, entire or
shallowly crenate, the upper surface green, nitid,
glabrous to sparingly strigillose, the costa and lateral
veins flat or slightly raised, the lower surface
drying olivaceous, strigillose, the costa and veins
more conspicuous than above: petioles to 2 cm
long, strigose; flowers borne in terminal, solitary
(occasionally 3), subsessile spikes to 5 cm long
and 15 mm broad, the rachis white-cottony: bracts
closely imbricate, rhombic-ovate, entire, 9 mm long
and 6 mm wide at 2.5 mm above base, acute to
obtuse, white-cottony at base, otherwise glabrous
to puberulous, ciliate, the costa rather prominent,
the 4 or 5 pairs of lateral nerves parallel and becoming
obscure beyond middle of bract, ocelli 1-3,
elliptic, about 0.5 mm long, brown, nitid, varnished;
bractlets obliquely lanceolate, subfalcate,
8 mm long, carinate, 1-1.5 mm wide, the keel
densely white-pubescent, the margins glabrous,
subhyaline, delicately striate-nerved: calyx 11-12
mm long, the posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the
anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2.5 mm
wide, all oblong-ovate, finely pubescent to glabrate,
striate-nerved, acute, ciliate toward tip; corolla 6-7
cm long, red, papillose, the tube about 4 mm
broad at base, contracted to 3 mm at tip of ovary,
thence gradually enlarged to a cylindric subventricose
throat 7 or 8 mm broad, the upper lip
erect, narrowly ovate, 15 mm long and 8 mm wide,
bilobed at apex, the lobes triangular-ovate, 7 mm
long, 4 mm wide at base, acuminate, the tips outwardly
curved, the middle lobe of the lower lip
elliptic, spreading, 9.5 mm wide, narrowed at base,
subcucullate and apiculate at tip, the lateral lobes
about 5 mm long, the posterior edge adnate to
lower part of upper lip, the free portions
triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm long, slightly over 1 mm
wide, obtuse; stamens exserted about 4 mm beyond
the mouth of the corolla tube: anthers 7 mm long,
1.5 mm wide, apiculate at each end, dorsally tomentose;
ovary glabrous: mature capsules not
seen.
TYPE.-H. H. Smith 1414 (holotype US, isotypes
GH, K, MO, NY, P, PH, S), Colombia, Magdalena,
ravine above Las Nubes, at Alto de Cielo,
1500 m alt, 18 Dec 1898.
DISTRIBUTION.-In the departments of Magdalena
and Norte de Santander, Colombia at elevations
above 1500 meters altitude. COLOMBIA. MAGDALENA:
San Lorenzo mountains, vicinity of Santa
Marta, 15 Dec 1922, Viereck s.n. (US); on wooded
mountain slope at Casa Blanca, 1200 m alt, 25 Ju1
1926, Schultre 695 (B, destroyed, F photo 8716);
above Minca, Las Cumbres, in the foothills of the
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 2000 m alt, 26 Feb
1949, Hawkes 587 (K, US). NORTE DE SANTANDER:
Ocaiia, May 1846-52, Schlim 537 (FI, K, P); Ocaiia,
1878, Kalbreyer 611 (K).
103. Aphelandra pilosa Leonard
Aphelandra pilosa Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:209.
1953.
Slender shrubs to 3 or occasionally 5 m high,
sparingly branched; the stems erect or ascending
(sometimes tortuous), subquadrate and densely
pilose-sericeous toward tip, the hairs light brown
to whitish, to 2 mm long, the lower portions of
the stem terete, gray, glabrate; leaf blades oblong
to oblongelliptic or broadly oblanceolate, the
uppermost 15-30 cm long and 5-10 cm wide, the
lowermost as much as 45 cm long and 16.5 cm
wide, all more or less abruptly acuminate (the
apex often more or less curved), gradually narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous,
entire or undulate, the upper surface
drying olive or brownish, glabrate to sparingly
NUMBER 18 93
hirsute-strigose, the costa and lateral veins densely
so, the hairs light brown, the costa and lateral
veins (14-20 pairs) flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous,
the lower surface drying light olive green,
more densely pilose-sericeous than above, the
venation rather prominent; petioles to 1.5 or
occasionally 2 cm long, the pubescence similar to
that of the stem; spikes solitary or, if several, fascicled,
or often forming a loose panicle (the terminal
spike subsessile, the lateral ones pedunculate)
5-17 cm long, 5-7 cm broad, the peduncles
to 4 cm long, the pubescence that of the stems,
the rachis white-cottony; bracts closely imbricate,
entire, rhombic-ovate, 9 mm long, 6-6.5 mm wide
at 1.5 mm above base, acute, minutely puberulous
to glabrate, pubescent or pilose toward base,
coriaceous, ciliate, ocelli 3-6, elliptic, about 1 mm
long and 0.75 mm wide, flat, varnished, variously
grouped, contiguous or sometimes fused; bractlets
lanceolate, 8 mm long and 2 mm wide, carinate,
the keel densely white-pilose, striate-nerved, the
nerves curved at base, the margins thin; calyx
8-8.5 mm long, the posterior segment narrowly
ovate, 3 mm wide near middle, the anterior pair
lanceolate, 2 mm wide, the lateral pair linearlanceolate,
1.5 mm wide, these slightly obtuse and
apiculate, the others acute, all puberulous, ciliate
toward tip and striate-nerved, the nerves indurate
at base; corolla red, puberulous, 6.5 cm long from
base to tip of upper lip, the tube 3 mm broad at
base, narrowed to 2 mm at 7 mm above base,
thence gradually enlarged to a slightly curved cylindric
throat about 6 mm broad, the upper lip
erect, 2 cm long, 7 mm wide at base of lobes, middle
lobe of the lower lip spreading, narrowly elliptic,
2.5 cm long, slightly more than 6 mm wide,
acute, the lateral lobes adnate in part to the upper
lip, their free portions 2 mm long and 1.5 mm
wide, rounded at tip; stamens exserted about 15
mm beyond the mouth of the corolla tube;
anthers 6 mm long, 1 mm broad, the basal lobes
apiculate, the cells dorsally pilose; pistils glabrous;
capsules not seen.
TYPE.-J. Cuatrecasas 7223 (holotype US), Colombia,
VaupCs, woods and thickets of Zurubi,
Cafio Cuduyari, 200 m alt, 15 Oct 1939.
DIsTRIsUTIoN.-southern Venezuela and Amazonian
Colombia at low elevations. VENEZUELA.
BOLIVAR: Rio Parguaza, just below Raudal Maraca
(about 110 river km from mouth, 115 m alt, 29
Dec 1955, Wurdack 6. Monachino 41007 (NY, US,
VEN). COLOMBIA. BOYACA: In warm valleys,
Dawe 900 (K). META: 12 km SE of Villavicencio,
400 m alt, 9 Jan 1939, Haught 2536 (US); woods
of Caiio Quenane, 25 Jan 1942, Dugand 6. Jaramillo
3117 (US); Reserve Nacional de la Macarena,
southernmost slopes of Macarena Mountains, immediate
to the rio Guayabero, 250-300 m alt, 25 Jan
1968, Thomas, Herndndez, Pinto 1584 (COL, P).
VAUP~S: Between the Rio Vaupes and Cerro de
Mitu, 320 m alt, 7-8 Nov 1953, Humbert 27305
(P, US); Rio Guaviare, San Jose del Guaviare, 240
m alt, 6 Nov 1939, Cuatrecasas 7478 (US); mesa
La Lindosa, 15-20 km S of San JosC del Guaviare,
400-600 m alt, 13-15 Dec 1950, Idrobo cb Schultes
631 (US); mouth of the Ariare with the Rio Guayabero,
right bank of the Rio Guaviare, 21 Feb 1969,
Pinto (i?. Sastre 934 (COL); Circasia, sandy savanna
with quartzite base along the Rio Vaupes, 240 m
alt, Nov 1951, Schultes Q Cabrera 196?? (US);
savanna of Yapobodi, along the Rio Kuduyari
(tributary to the Rio Vaupes), 210-240 m alt, 18
Nov 1952, SchuZtes, Baker, Q Cabrera 18455 (US);
Yapobodi, Rio Kuduyari, 4-6 Oct 1951, Schultes cb
Cabrera 14268 (COL); in Wacaricuara, path of
the Rio Paca and Papuri, 7 Dec 1952, Romero
3902 (COL); Rio VaupCs, from Guaracapuri to
Tipiaca or Villa Fatima, 12 Nov 1952, Romero
?420 (COL). CAQUETA: Woods at Sucre, 1000-
1300 m alt, 4 Apr 1940, Cuatrecasas 9052 (US).
PUTUMAYO: Rio Putumayo at Puerto Ospina, 230
m alt, 14 Nov 1940, Cuatrecasas 10562 (US); Puerto
Porvenir, above Puerto Ospina, 230-250 m alt,
19 Nov 1940, Cuatrecasas 10656 (US).
104. Aphelandra macrophylla Leonard
Aphelandra rnamophylla Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
Aphelandra megaphytla Leonard, Fieldiana, Bot. 28:553.
Aphelandra coccinantha Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
31:234. 1953.
1953.
31:721. 1958.
Small trees; the branches subquadrangular toward
tip, rather densely hirsute, the lower portions
of the stems terete, glabrate; leaf blades oblongelliptic,
19-35 cm long, 7-17 cm wide, acute to
short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse or acute),
gradually narrowed at base and briefly decurrent
on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or un94
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
dulate, the upper surface glabrous or the uppermost
leaves bearing a few appressed or subappressed
hairs 0.5 mm long, drying olive, the costa
and lateral veins (16-20 pairs) flat or slightly
raised, scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying
a lighter olive than the upper, sparingly hirsute;
petioles (unwinged portions) 1.5-7 cm long,
the pubescence that of the stems; flowers borne in
a large terminal panicle consisting of rather small
spikes, the panicle to 30 cm long with a spread of
20 cm, the spikes 3.5-9 cm long and about 6 mm
broad, the secondary peduncles, if present, 1-1.5
cm long, the primary ones 4-7 cm long, or the
uppermost shorter, both peduncles and axis of
the panicle rather densely hirsute; bracts rhombicovate,
entire, 7 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, acute, coriaceous,
yellow or orange, glabrous or the lowermost
dorsally strigose, the straight upper margins
ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm long, ocelli as
many as 4 but usually 2, minute, elliptical, 0.25-0.5
mm long, opaque or varnished; bractlets lanceolate,
7 mm long, 2 mm wide, carinate, densely
brown-woolly dorsally, apiculate; calyx 7.5 mm
long, the posterior segment narrowly ovate, 3 mm
wide, the anterior pair oblong-lanceolate, 2 mm
wide, the lateral pair lanceolate, 1.5 mm wide,
all acute, minutely ciliolate toward tip, striatenerved;
corolla red (tube) and orange (lobes),
papillose-puberulous, 5.8 cm long from base to
tip of upper lip, the tube 3 mm broad near base,
narrowed to 1.5 mm at 5 mm above base, thence
enlarged gradually to a slightly curved subventricose
throat, 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, ovate, 15 mm long and 7 mm wide, 2-lobed
at tip, the lobes triangular, about 5 mm long and
2 mm wide at base, ending in slenderly acuminate
recurved-spreading tips, the middle lobe of the
lower lip oblong-elliptic, 17 mm long and 5.5 mm
wide, the tip slender and recurved, the lateral
lobes triangular, subobtuse, connate with the
upper lip, their free portions, if any, about 1 mm
long and broad; stamens reaching the tip of the
upper lip; anthers 4.5 mm long and 1 mm broad,
the basal lobe minutely mucronate; filaments exserted
about 1 cm above the mouth of the corolla
tube, glabrous; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.--J. Cuatrecasas 12873 (holotype US), Colombia,
Norte de Santander, vicinity of Sarare,
between El Ampero and La Mesa at the source of
the Rio Negro, 1400-1700 m alt, 7 Nov 1941.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Andean Venezuela and northeastern
Colombia in the department of Norte de
Santander. VENEZUELA. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Galipan,
Moritz 1271 (K, P, W). ARAGUA: Colonia
Tovar, Karsten s.n. (LE). LARA: Barquisimeto-
Rio Claro, 6 Feb 1963, Aristeguieta 4945 (US,
VEN); Rio Claro, 1360 m alt, Feb 1931, Suer 785
(F, VEN ) ; Distrito Jimeez, Parque Nacional Yacambu,
El Blanquito, 17-19 km SSE of Sanare, 1500
m alt, 6 Aug 1970, Steyermark, Delascio, Q Dunsterville
103505 (US, VEN). TRUJILLO: Escuque, 1400
m alt, Aug 1944, Lasser 1188 (VEN); between
Escuque and La Mesa de San Pedro, 1300-1650 m
alt, 20-23 Feb 1971, Steyermark 104764 (US, VEN).
MERIDA: 1800 m alt, Sep 1846, Funck rir Schlim 943
(LE, P); Timotes, Ju1 1948, Vogl 1500 (M); 12
May 1956, Bernardi s.n. (NY); 35 km W of Mkrida
along road to La Carbonera, 1750 m alt, 12 Mar
1963, Breteler 3410 (US, VEN); around La Azulita,
300 m alt, Sep 1952, Hzimbert 26655 (P, US); between
Hacienda Agua Blanca above La Azulita and
Rio Capaz, 975 m alt, 26 Apr 1944, Steyermark
56152 (US, isotype of A. megaphylla Leonard; Sto.
Domingo, 10-1 1 Nov 1952, Aristeguieta 1051
(VENT). TACHIRA: Highway La Fria-La Grita, in
Las Pavas, 200-250 m alt, 6 Oct 1967, Bunting 2495
(US). APURE: Reserva Forestal San Camilo, San
Camilo (El Nula), 250 m alt, 28 Mar 1968, Steyermark,
Bunting, il. Blanco 101460 (US, VEN). Co-
LOMBIA. NORTE DE SANTANDER: Region of Sarare,
valley of the Rio Margua between Campohermoso
and the Rio Negro, 1200-1500 m alt, 8 Nov 1941,
Cuatrecasas 12897 (US); Ocana, Oct 1846-1852,
Schlim 258 (FI, K, P); E of Rio Valegra and S of
Quebrada Valegra, in the municipio of Chitaga,
2000 m alt, 16 Nov 1942, Fosberg 19131 (US, holotype
of A. coccinantha Leonard). WITHOUT LOCALITY:
Triana s.n. (K).
105. Aphelandra terryae Standley
Aphelandra terryae Standley, Field Mus. Bot. Ser., 22:381.
Aphelandra incarnata Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
1940.
242. 1953.
Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs to 3 m high; the
branches subquadrangular toward tips, terete below,
rather densely brown-puberulous; leaves numerous,
the blades oblanceolate, to 30 cm long
and 7 cm wide, abruptly acuminate (the tip more
NUMBER 18 95
or less curved), gradually narrowed from above
the middle to a short, naked petiole (the petiole
wing ending more or less abruptly), subchartaceous,
entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface
glabrate except costa and lateral veins (12-16
pairs), the costa rather densely pilose, the lateral
veins puberulous, the lower surface whitepuncticulate,
glabrate except costa and veins, these
rather prominent and puberulous; petioles (unwinged
portions) to 1 cm long, puberulous, the
hairs recurved; spikes more or less numerous, both
terminal and subterminal, peduncled, to 6 cm long
and 10-12 mm broad, the peduncles rather slender,
2-3 cm long, puberulous, the rachis puberulous;
bracts red (living), entire, oval, about 10 mm long
and 6 mm wide, 3-nerved, rounded or obtuse, mucronate
or the lowermost acute, silky-puberulous,
densely ciliolate, ocelli usually about 6 or 8, well
defined, suborbicular, 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter,
brown, nitid; bractlets lanceolate, 5.5 mm long,
1.5 mm wide, acuminate, carinate, faintly striatenerved,
puberulous, pilose at tip; calyx segments
striate-nerved, acute and cuspidate, ciliate and
somewhat erose toward tip, glabrous toward base,
the posterior segment ovate, 7 mm long and 3 mm
wide, the anterior pair lanceolate, about 1.5 mm
wide near base, the lateral pair more narrowly
lanceolate, slightly over 1 mm wide near base: corolla
usually rose pink (sometimes red), puberulous,
about 6 cm long, the tube 3 mm broad at
base, 6 or 7 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, ovate, about 15 mm long and 8 mm wide,
2-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, about 6 mm long
and 2 mm wide at base, acute, the middle lobe of
the lower lip spreading, ovate-lanceolate, about
21 mm long, 7 or 8 mm wide, acuminate, carinate,
the lateral lobes partly adnate to the lower part of
the upper lip, their free portions triangular-ovate,
2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, obtuse; stamens
reaching about midway between mouth of the
tube and tip of upper lip; the anthers 6.5 mm long,
apiculate, acute at base; capsules clavate, about
2 cm long, 6 mm broad near tip, 3 mm broad near
base, about 3 mm thick, obtuse at tip, glabrous,
nitid, puncticulate; seeds (immature) flat, brown,
hispidulous.
TYPE.-M. E. Q R. A. Terry 1377 (holotype F),
Panama, Dareh, Chepigana District, Tucuti, near
sea level, 5 Mar 1940.
DISTRIBUTION.-Between sea level and 300 meters
altitude in southern Panama and Colombia. PANAMA.
SAN BLAS: Mainland opposite Achituppu, 7
Dec 1966, Lewis, Dwyer, Elias, pi7 Solis 126 (MO,
US). DARIEN: Trail between Pinogana and Yavisa,
15 m alt, 17 Mar 1937. Allen 256 (US); near Refugio,
15-21 m N of Santa Fe, 30 m alt, 16 Feb
1967, Duke 10255 (US); near Helipad at Hydro
Camp on Rio Morti, 29 m alt, 15 Mar 1968, Duke
15421 (US); Camp Tiotuma, 50 m alt, 15 Mar
1968, Duke 15511 (US). COLOMBIA. BOLIVAR: Quimari,
Cordillera Occidental, 500 m alt, 4 May 1949,
von Sneidern 5793 (COL). SANTANDER: Vicinity of
Barranca Bermeja, Magdalena Valley, between Sogamoso
and Colorado Rivers, 100-500 m alt, 19
Ju1 1934, Haught 1315 (US, holotype of A. incarnata
Leonard); along the Rio Colorado, near El
Centro, 100 m alt, 8 Dec 1936, Haught 2098 (US).
CUNDINAMARCA: San Antonio, 200 m alt, 14 Jun
1948, Haught 6243 (US). ANTIOQUIA: Between
Rio Guapa and L e o n , 100 m alt, 18 Mar 1948,
Yepes, Blair, 6 Barkley 18C300 (US); Ruiz, Rivera,
G Barkley 18C388 (US); highway from Puerto
BPlgica to Rio Man, 8 Apr 1951, Romero 2331
(COL); around Savaletas, 200-500 m alt, Lehmann
7845 (K). CHOC~: Bahia Solano, near Ciudad
Mutis, 0-75 m alt, Killip Q G a c i a33576 (US);
Hydro Camp 15 on Rio Curiche, 300 m alt, 8 Mar
1968, Duke 15380 (US); Truando Falls, Jan 1858,
Schott 3 (F).
106. Aphelandra albert-smithii Leonard
Aphelandra albert-srnithii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb.
31:232. 1953.
Shrub to 3.5 m high; stems terete, glabrous or
the uppermost portions hirsutulous, to 1.25 mm
long; leaf blades broadly oblanceolate, to 18 cm
long and 6 cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself
obtuse), narrowed from above middle to a short,
winged petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the lower surface
rather densely hirsute, the hairs about 1 mm
long, light brown, the costa and lateral veins (15-
17 pairs) slender but prominent, the veinlets rather
conspicuously and coarsely anastomosing; petioles
(unwinged portion) to 1 cm long, hirsute; spikes
terminal, solitary or several in a fascicle, the terminal
spike subsessile, the lateral spikes shortpedunculate,
to 8 cm long and 1 cm broad, the
96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
peduncles to 1 cm long, densely hirsute, the rachis
glabrous to sparingly pilose; bracts drying brown,
rhombic-ovate, 11 mm long and 6 mm wide, acute
and cuspidate at tip, puberlous or bearing a few
longer hairs toward tip, the margins ciliate, entire,
the costa excurrent, ending in a small mucro, ocelli
usually 6, elliptic, dark brown, nitid, 0.75-1 mm
long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, contiguous or overlapping;
bractlets ovate, obscurely striate-nerved, acute, 6-7
mm long and 3.5 mm wide, subauriculate at base,
moderately hirsute, the costa rather prominent,
indurate at base; calyx 9-11 mm long, the segments
puberulous, subcoriaceous, striate-nerved,
indurate at base, the posterior segment oblongovate,
4.5 mm wide, rounded an apiculate, the
anterior pair oblong, 3.5 mm wide, acute and
apiculate, the lateral pair similar but slightly narrower;
corolla 5.5 cm long, red, puberulous, the
hairs conical, the tube 3 mm broad at base, narrowed
to 1.5 mm at 5 mm above base, thence enlarged
to a subcylindric throat 6 mm broad at
mouth, the upper lip erect, narrowly oblong, about
5 mm wide, bilobed, the lobes lanceolate, 18 mm
long, 4 mm wide, acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed,
spreading, the middle lobe lanceolate, 27 mm long,
7 mm wide near base, acuminate, the lateral lobes
triangular, about 5 mm long, acute, the upper
margins adnate to the lower part of the upper lip;
stamens barely reaching tip of the upper corolla
lip; anthers 5.5 mm long and 1.5 mm broad; filaments
slender, hirsute at base, otherwise glabrous;
ovary glabrous.
TypE.-KiZlip 6 A. C. Smith 16283 (holotype US,
isotype NY), Colombia, Santander: In thicket in
the Upper Rio Lebrija Valley, NW of Bucaramanga,
400-700 m alt, 29 Dec 1926.
D1sTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
107. Aphelundra gracilis Leonard
FIGURE 16
Aphelandra gracitis Leonard, Proc. Biol. SOC. Wash. 56:54.
1943.
Shrub or small tree to 6 m high; branches strigillose
or the lower glabrate, the cystoliths
conspicuous; leaf blades lanceolate to oblonglanceolate,
to 16 cm long and 6 cm wide, acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, entire, glabrous except on the
costa and veins (8-10 pairs), these strigillose; flowers
spreading, geminate, lax, borne on 1 to several
slender terminal or subterminal spikes to 12 cm
long, the rachis sparingly puberulous, the internodes
mostly 6-8 mm long; bracts ovate, entire,
to 8 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, acutish, pubescent
without, glabrous within, ciliolate, bearing on
either side of the costa several small, sessile, nitid
elliptical glands; bractlets lanceolate, 7 mm long,
2 mm wide, acuminate, sparingly puberulous without,
sparingly ciliolate, subcarinate, striate, the
margins hyaline; calyx about 8 mm long, subglabrous,
divided nearly to base, the segments
lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm wide, acumiate, striate; corolla
scarlet, puberulous, more or less curved, 5-5.5 cm
long, about 2 mm in diameter at base, about 6 mm
at throat, the lips 2 cm long, the upper lip erect,
2-lobed, the lobes triangular, 9 mm long, 4 mm
wide at base, acuminate, the lower lip spreading,
the middle lobe lanceolate, 18 mm long, about 5
mm wide, acute, the lateral lobes ovate, about 1
mm long; stamens exserted about 1.2 cm beyond
mouth of the corolla tube; the filaments about 5
cm long, affixed at the base of the throat, glabrous;
the anthers 6 mm long, apiculate, glabrous; capsule
clavate, 22 mm long, 6.5 mm broad, 4.5 mm thick,
glabrous, puncticulate, 4-seeded; mature seed not
seen.
TYPE.-P. H. Allen 2908 (holotype US), Panama,
CoclC, N of El Valle de Anth, 1000 m alt, 13 Jan
1942.
DIsmIBuTIoN.-Endemic to Panama, found in
low cloud forests near the summit. PANAMA.
COCLE: El Valle de Aoth, along Rio Indio trail,
500-700 m alt, 30 Jan 1935, Hunter 6 Allen 311
(US); vicinity La Mesa, 1000 m alt, 21 Jan 1941,
Allen 2301 (US). PANAMA: Cerro Campana, 31
Dec 1957, C. Earle Smith, Jr. 6 H. Morgan Smith
3356 (PH, US); Cerro Jefe, 870 m alt, 12 Mar
1967, Dwyer, Gauger, & baker 7241 (MO, US).
108. Aphelundra dielsii Mildbraed
FIGURES 52, 53
Aphelandra dielsii Mildbraed, Biblioth. Bot. 24. Heft 116: 147.
Aphelandra diehsii Mildbraed var. ericae Mildbraed, Biblioth.
1937.
Bot. 24. Heft 116:147. 1937.
NUMBER 18 97
Erect, branched shrub to 1.5 m high; stem glabrous,
the internodes about 4 cm long, becoming
woody basally; leaf blades lanceolate-oblong to
obovate, 10-13 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, gradually
long-acuminate at apex, narrowed and longattenuate
at base, the upper leaf blades (just below
the inflorescence) larger and wider, almost obovateelliptic,
to 19 cm long and 7 cm wide, basally
cuneate, barely narrowed on petiole, lateral nerves
(8-1 1 pairs) arcuate-ascending, the upper surface
dark blue, glabrous, lower surface lighter in color,
glabrous except for costa and lateral nerves which
are minutely tomentose; petioles almost none, or
less than 3 mm long; inflorescence a terminal spike
to 16 cm long, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, congested,
bracts and calyx barely visible when in full bloom,
the flowers opposite or alternate, distant, the rachis
glabrous, conspicuous between the bracts, the peduncle
short, less than 2 cm long; bracts broadly
ovate, 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, gradually
acuminate, the apex narrowly triangular, glabrous,
the margins entire, ocelli minute, elliptic, dark
brown, rather inconspicuous against the light brown
of the bracts; bractlets 5-6 mm long, 2-3 cm wide,
gradually extremely long-acuminate, the apex
nearly subulate; the posterior calyx segment subulate,
1 cm long, 2.5 mm wide, the two anterior
segments subulate, 9.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the
two lateral segments 8.5 mm long, 1 mm wide,
linear-subulate, acute; corolla pink or rose, 7-7.5
cm long, the tube minutely papillose without, 4.5-
5 cm long, 3 mm wide at base, narrowed to 1:5 mm
at 1 cm above base then gradually enlarged to 5
mm at throat, the upper lip oblong, 18-24 mm
long and 9 mm wide, 2-lobed, these 2 mm long and
2 mm wide at base, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the middle lobe elliptic, 2-2.5 cm long, 0.5 cm
wide, acute at apex, the two lateral lobes subulate,
1.5 cm long and 3 mm wide, acute; stamens about
equaling the upper lip, all equal; anthers yellowish,
4 mm long, apically obtuse, attached to each
other by a tuft of hair; style somewhat exceeding
the anthers; stigma unequally trifid, minutely and
alternately toothed; mature capsule not seen.
TypE.-Diels 949 (holotype B, destroyed), Ecuador,
Napo-Pastaza, Valley of the Rio Pastaza near
Rio Negro, 1250 m alt, 12 Sep 1933.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Eastern Ecuador, at elevations
above 1100 meters, in the provinces of Tangurahua
and Napo-Pastaza. ECUADOR. TANGURAHUA: Between
Rio Margarjitas and Rio Negro, along Cane-
10s trail, 1230 m alt, 22 Mar 1939, Penland dr Summers
218 (F, US). NAPO-PASTAZA: Mera, 15 Apr
1940, Lug0 199 (S), 21 Apr 1940, Lug0 219 (S);
Mera, towards Mangayacu, 1100 m alt, 7 Mar 1956,
Asplund 19633 (S), 26 Mar 1956, Asplund 19971
(S); uplands near El Topo, along trail to La
Gloria, 1200-1500 m alt, 17 Apr 1945, Camp E-2404
(NY, US).
Mildbraed states that A. dielsii var. ericae is a
much more robust variety with larger leaf blades
and longer flowers. Both holotypes were deposited
in the Berlin Herbarium and subsequently destroyed.
Since no photographs were taken of these
specimens and I have not seen any collections from
Tena, Ecuador (type-locality of var. ericae), I
assume for the time being that both taxa are one
variable species.
109. Aphelandra blandii Lindau
Aphelandra blandii Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 5:656.
1897.-Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:267. 1953.
Suffrutescent; stems terete, glabrous except the
tips, these sparingly strigose, the hairs about 0.5
mm long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 15-25 cm long,
4-8 cm wide, long-acuminate at apex, more or less
abruptly narrowed at base into a broadly winged
petiole, entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface
drying dull green, glabrous, the lower surface
drying light green, glabrous except the costa and
lateral veins (10-12 pairs), these sparingly pubescent;
petioles (unwinged portion) 1-2 cm long,
strigose; spikes one to several, terminal and axillary,
5-17 cm long, about 1 cm broad, the rachis
glabrous; bracts imbricate, lanceolate, to ovatelanceolate,
9-12 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, acute to
acuminate, entire, prominently 3-nerved, glabrous,
ciliate, the ocelli replaced by dull, elliptical, alveolate
areas to 2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; bractlets
lanceolate, 8-1 1 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, carinate,
the keel pubescent, the hairs whitish, about 0.5 mm
long; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 15-16 mm
long, 1.5-3.5 mm wide, acute to acuminate and
more or less apiculate, striate-nerved, glabrous, the
posterior segment 3.5 mm wide, the anterior pair
3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2 mm wide; corolla 6-7
long, minutely papillose, red, the tube 3.5-5 cm
long, 2-3 mm broad at base, 5 mm broad at mouth,
98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
the upper lip oblong, ovate, erect, 23 mm long,
5-6 mm wide at base, 2-lobed at apex, the lobes
lanceolate, acuminate, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide at
base, the lower lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed,
the middle lobe oblong, about 25 mm long and
5 mm wide, obtuse and apiculate, the lateral lobes
oblong, 5-6 mm long, and 1.5-2 mm wide, subacute,
adnate in part to the base of the upper lip;
stamens barely reaching tip of the upper lip;
anthers slender, 7-8 mm long and 1 mm broad,
acute at both ends, dorsally pubescent; filaments
35 mm long, glabrous; style about 5.5 cm long;
capsule subclavate, 15 mm long, 6 mm broad, 3
mm thick, obtuse at tip and apiculate, glabrous,
puncticulate; seeds brown, flat, 4 mm long, 3.5 mm
wide, 1 mm thick, glabrous, the margins thin.
TYPE.-Bland s.n. (holotype B, destroyed, F
photo 8701, isotype C, F photo 22154), Colombia,
Cundinamarca, Santa Fd de Bogota.
DIsmIBuTIoN.-Andean Colombia in the departments
of Antioquia and Cundinamarca. COLOMBIA.
ANTIOQUIA: 13 km E of Bolivar, 21 Jan 1949, 2700
m alt, Araque Ct. Barkley 19 An032 (US); Jerico,
Dec 1940, Daniel Q Tomas 2589 (GH, US).
Lindau, comparing Aphelandra blandii with A.
hartwegiana, states that A. blandii differs from that
species by having acuminate bracts and calyx lobes
and pubescent bractlets. He suggests also a relationship
with A. glabrata (= A. pulcherrima) a
species with a shorter calyx and a densely pubescent
rachis.
110. Aphekrndra haughtii Leonard
Aphelandra haughtii Leonard, Contrih. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
239. 1953.
Slender shrubs to 4 m high; stems terete, subquadrangular
toward tip, densely hirsute, the hairs
to 1.5 mm long, sordid, the lower portions glabrate,
gray, minutely roughened by the scars of the
fallen hairs; leaf blades elliptic-oblong or broadly
oblanceolate, 18-21 cm long, 6-9.5 cm wide, slenderly
or shorter acuminate, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire, the
upper surface drying brownish green, sparingly
hirsute, the costa and lateral veins (10-14 pairs)
flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, densely hirsutepilose,
the lower surface drying slightly lighter
than the upper, the pubescence similar to upper
surface except hairs slightly shorter; petioles (unwinged
portion) 3-15 mm long, hirsute-pilose;
spikes terminal, solitary or several, sessile or subsessile,
to 6 cm long, about 8 mm broad, the rachis
glabrous to glabrate; bracts imbricate, rhombicovate,
5 mm long and 4.5 mm wide, obtuse or
rounded at apex, entire, coriaceous, subappressed,
glabrous to sparingly hirsute toward tip, the margins
of the upper half sparingly ciliolate, ocelli
usually 6, elliptic, dark brown, 1 mm long and
0.75 mm wide, closely crowded or even overlapping;
bractlets ovate, oblique, 4 mm long, and 2
mm wide, acuminate, glabrous to sparingly puberulous
toward tip, subcarinate at base; calyx glabrous,
7 mm long, the posterior segment na-rrowly
ovate, 4 mm wide, acute, the anterior pair lanceolate,
2 mm wide, acuminate, the lateral pair lanceolate,
1.5 mm wide, acuminate, all of the segments
striate-nerved and inconspicuously scurfy at tip, the
costa more prominent than the lateral nerves;
corolla scarlet, papillose-puberulous, 7 cm long, the
tube straight or sometimes slightly curved, subcylindric,
about 2 mm broad at base, 6 mm broad
at mouth, the upper lip elliptic, 20 mm long and
8 mm wide, bilobed, the lobes triangular, 10 mm
long and 5 mm wide at base, slenderly acuminate,
the tips spreading, the middle lobe of the lower lip
spreading, oblongelliptic, 27 mm long, 7 mm wide,
acuminate, the lateral lobes 6 mm long, partly
adnate to the upper lip, the free portion triangular,
1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, rounded; stamens
almost reaching the tip of the upper lip; anthers
7 mm long and 1 mm broad, mucronate at base;
capsules not seen.
TYPE,-O. Haught 1948 (holotype US), Colombia,
Santander, at foot of the Cerro Armas, 300 m
alt, 29 J L I ~ 1936.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. SANTANDER: Along the
Aguas Blancas Creek, about 25 km S of El Centro,
vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, 100 m alt, 20 Nov
1936, Hazcght 2086 (US).
111. Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees
FIGURE 7
Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nces in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:
Justicia tetragona \'ahl, Symb. Bot. 3:5. 1794.
295. 1847.
NUMBER 18 99
Justicia cristata Jacquin, P1. Hort. Schonbr. 3:38, pl. 320.
Aphelandra cristata (Jacquin) R. Brown, Bot. Reg. 18, pl.
Aphelandra tetragona (Vahl) Nees var. grandis Nees in
1798.
1477, 1832.
de Candolle, Prodr. 11:295. 1847.
Shrub or suffrutescent herb to 3 m high; stems
erect, quadrangular toward tip, somewhat light
grayish green, glabrous; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate
to widely ovate-elliptic, 23-29 cm long, 6.5-19 cm
wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), abruptly
narrowed to a cuneate or sometimes short decurrent
base, firmly membranaceous to subcoriaceous,
entire, the margins faintly undulate-crenate, the
upper surface drying dark green, glabrous, the costa
somewhat protruding, the lateral veins (10-14
pairs) slightly raised, the lower surface drying a
lighter green, glabrous or the costa and lateral
veins puberulous, the veinlets finely reticulate;
petioles 5-17 cm long, canaliculate, glabrous;
spikes usually 3-5, occasionally solitary, congested,
quadrangular, terminal, subsessile, about 10 cm
long and 1 cm wide (without corollas), the lateral
spikes usually somewhat smaller, the rachis whitecottony;
bracts imbricate, lanceolate to narrowly
ovate, 10-11 mm long, 3.5-4 mm wide, acute to
slightly obtuse at the apex (the tip itself a small
mucro), entire, greenish brown, firm, woolly-white
at base and villous along the margin, elsewhere
glabrous, markedly striate-nerved, ocelli 1-4, conspicuous,
orbicular, dark brown; bractlets lanceolate,
9-10 mm long, about 2 mm wide near base,
acute at apex, carinate, the keel densely whitevillous,
glabrous within, finely striate-nerved; calyx
11-12 mm long, the posterior segment oblong, 3
mm wide, the anterior segments lanceolate, about
2 mm wide, the lateral pair narrowly lanceolate,
1.5 mm wide, all acute, scarious, striate-nerved,
slightly villous at the tips; corolla brilliant pink
to deep red, puberulous, 6.5-7 cm long, about 2
mm at tip of ovary, thence gradually enlarged and
slightly ventricose, about 8 mm broad at mouth,
the upper lip erect, ovate, 19 mm long, 8 mm wide,
bifid, the lobes triangular, 9.5 mm long and 4 mm
wide, slenderly acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed,
erect or spreading with age, the middle lobe lanceovate,
about 22 mm long and 8 mm wide, acute,
the lateral lobes reduced to about 5 mm long and
1 mm wide, obtusish, adnate for the most part to
the upper lip; stamens exserted about 15 mm beyond
the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 6 mm
long, acute at apex, acute and mucronulate at
base; capsule not seen.
TYPE.--VOTZ Rohr (holotype C), “E. Cajenna.”
DrsTRIsuTIoN.-Native to the vicinity of Caracas,
Venezuela. Commonly cultivated in the botanical
gardens of Europe. VENEZUELA. MIRANDA: Forest
of Guatopo, 27 m NNW of Altagracia de Orituco,
26 m SE of Santa Teresa, 500 m alt, 11 Sep 1960,
Steyermark 87086 (US, VEN ); Guatopo, 400-600
m alt, 14 Nov 1956, Bernardi s.n. (NY); El Guapo,
200 m alt, Oct 1959, Aristeguieta 4003 (VEN);
Parque Nacional de Guatopo, NW of Morro de
Aguaramal, between Altagracia de Orituco and
Santa Teresa, 610-710 m alt, 29 Nov 1961, Steyermurk
90161 (US, VEN); Parque Nacional de Guatopo,
14.5 km from Los Alpes, 12 km from
Rancheria Mi Querencia, 520 m alt, 27 Oct 1966,
Steyermark 97548-A (US). DISTRITO FEDERAL: Las
Queseras, near Caracas, Oct 1924, Allard 143 (P,
US, VEN); Peonias, Caracas, 1843, Funck 491 ( P ) ;
Cerro Naiguata, 900-1 100 m alt, 2 Nov 1963, Steyermark
91857 (US); Cerro Naiguata, 1500-1635 m
alt, 8 Oct 1966, Steyermark 97472 (US, VEN).
ARACUA: La Begonia Station, 2 Nov 1917, Pittier
7568 (US, VEN); Colonia Tovar, Engels s.n. (LE).
M~RIDA: Quebrada de la Guina, Nov Moritz 1272
(K, P, isotypes of A. tetragonu (Vahl) Nees var.
grandis Nees ) . CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Palmengarten,
Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 30 Sep 1959,
Meyer 7156 (US); Cult. hortus Vindob. (W); Hortus
bot. Monacensis, 1836 (M); Sept. die post
natum filium Maximilianum 1832, Herb. Martii
(BR); Kew garden specimen, 23 Sep 1889, (K); at
the Guiarao, Venezuela, flowered in tropical pits
at Kew, 27 Sep 1962 (K).
ApheZandra cristata (Jacquin) R. Brown is based
on Justicia cristata Jacquin. Brown’s plate and the
material examined from Vienna are all A. tetragona
(Vahl) Nees. One specimen labeled: “Justicia cristata
Jacq. Hort. Schonbr. t. 320,” could possibly
be the type of Jacquin’s J . cristnta.
112. Aphelandra schieferae Leonard
FIGURE 19
Aphelandra schieferae Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:
Shrubs about 1.5 m high; stems subquadrangular,
213. 1953.
100 ShfITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
thick (up to 8 mm in diameter at base of inflorescence),
the upper portions densely gray-pubescent to
subtomentose; leaf blades oblanceolate, to 36 cm
long and 10 cm wide (slightly above the middle),
acute at apex, gradually narrowed from above
middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, the
margins crenate, the upper surface drying dark
olive-green, the costa and lateral nerves (about 21
pairs) densely hirtellous, the surface between the
veins sparingly hirtellous, the lower surface drying
a light grayish olive green, pilose, the costa and
veins somewhat strigose; petioles 2-3 cm long, subtomentose;
spikes terminal and axillary, forming a
rather loose, leafy panicle to 27 cm long and 17-20
cm broad, the branches of the panicle ascending,
1-13 cm long, light gray-tomentose, the spikes to
9 cm long and 5-8 mm broad, the rachis silvery
tomentose, except the glabrous region adjacent to
the posterior calyx segment; bracts imbricate, bright
scarlet, drying brown, triangular-ovate, subcarinate,
8 mm long, 4.5 mm wide at 2 mm above base,
thence gradually narrowed to a slender tip, entire,
coriaceous, coarsely striate, puberulous, the margins
ciliolate, ocelli occurring usually in pairs,
elliptic, 1 mm long and 1.75 mm wide, brown,
nitid, indistinctly alveolate; bractlets lanceolate,
carinate, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide at 2.5 mm above
base, thence gradually narrowed to a slender tip,
the keel densely silvery pilose, the region adjacent
to the keel puberulous, the marginal area subhyaline
and glabrous, the margins sparingly ciliolate;
calyx 7 mm long, the segments lanceolate, finely
striate-nerved, puberulous, comose, the posterior
segment 2.25 mm wide near base, the anterior pair
1.75 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, all
narrowed from near base to a sharp, slender tip;
corolla bright scarlet, 5 cm long from base to tip
of upper lip, puberulous, the hairs conical, the tube
4 mm broad near base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 7
mm above base, thence enlarged to 7 mm near
mouth, the upper lip narrowly ovate, 21 mm long
and 6 mm wide at middle, tipped by 2 triangular
acuminate lobes about 3 mm long and 1.5 mm
wide at base, the middle lobe of the lower lip
lanceolate, 22 mm long, 5 mm wide, slenderly
acuminate, the lateral lobes adnate to the lower
part of the upper lip, their free portions small,
about 1 mm long: stamens slightly exserted beyond
the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 6 mm long
and 1 mm broad, pilose dorsally; ovary glabrous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.-H. Schiefer 791 (holotype GH, isotype
US), Colombia, Meta, hill back of Tres Esquinas
Mill, Villavicencio, 12 Ju1 1945.
DIsTRIBUTION.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. META: Servita, vicinity
of Villavicencio, 300-900 m alt, Dec 1855, Triana
s.n. (COL, P); Villavicencio, 480 m alt, 7 Feb
1948, Sandeman 5802 (K).
113. Aphelandra parvispica Leonard
Aphelandra parvispica Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
Aphelandra pedunculata Leonard, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 554.
Aphelandra grantii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:718.
216. 1953.
1953.
1958.
Shrub or small tree to 4.5 m high; stems terete,
glabrous or the tips sparingly strigose, the hairs
sordid, the older portions of the stems gray, glabrous;
leaf blades lance-oblong to elliptic, 13-21
cm long, 3.5-6.5 cm wide, acuminate, the tip more
or less curved, cuneate at base, membranaceous to
subcoriaceous, entire, the upper surface drying
brown or olivaceous, essentially glabrous, a few
small subappressed hairs sometimes found on the
basal part of the costa, this and the lateral veins
(10-14 pairs) flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous,
the lower surface drying a somewhat lighter shade
than the upper, glabrous or very sparingly strigose,
the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral
veins; petioles rather slender, 1-3 cm long, glabrous
or sparingly strigillose; flowers borne in
terminal panicles of small spikes 2-6 cm long and
5-8 mm broad, the panicles to 10 cm long and 8
cm broad, the peduncles to 4 cm long, slender,
sparingly strigillose, or the ultimate peduncles
densely hirsute, the hairs more or less spreading,
all sordid, the rachis white-cottony: bracts salmonpink
to red, drying reddish brown, imbricated,
rhombic-ovate, 5-6 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, acute
to acutish, entire, white-cottony-tomentose at base,
otherwise essentially glabrous except the lowermost,
these strigose dorsally, the margins ciliolate toward
base, the costa and nerves below middle, ocelli one
to several, minute, elliptic, to 0.5 mm long, brown,
nitid; bractlets obliquely lanceolate, 4.5-6 mm
long, 1-2 mm wide, acute, somewhat falcate, cariNUMBER
18 101
nate, dorsally white-floccose, except the thin nearly
glabrous margins; calyx 5.5-6 mm long, glabrous
or sparingly puberulous at tip, the posterior segment
narrowly ovate, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, the anterior
pair lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm wide, the lateral pair
narrowly lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm wide, all acute to
slightly obtuse (the lateral pair apiculate), ciliolate
toward apex, striate-nerved; corolla 4-4.5 cm
long, red, papillose, or some papillose-pubescent,
the tube slightly curved and subventricose, 3.5 mm
broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 5 mm above
base, thence enlarged to about 6 mm at mouth,
the upper lip erect, narrowly ovate, 12-14 mm long,
2-lobed at apex, the lobes narrowly triangular, 3.5-
4.5 mm long, about 2 mm wide, acuminate, the tip
uirved, the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate,
spreading, about 15 mm long and 5 mm wide
above base, acuminate, the slender tip recurved,
the lateral lobes adnate to the basal part of the
upper lip, their free portion triangular, barely 0.5
mm long and broad; stamens reaching the tip of
the upper lip; anthers 4 mm long, 0.5 mm wide,
acute and minutely arachnoid at tip, minutely
apiculate at base, puberulous dorsally; filaments
hirtellous toward the base, the upper portions
glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.
TYPE.--J. Cuatrecasas 12883 (holotype US), Colombia,
Norte de Santander, in basin of the Rio
Margua, between Campohermoso and Rio Negro,
vicinity of Sarare, 1200-1500 m alt, 8 Nov 1941.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Northern Venezuela and Colombia
at elevations above 1200 meters. VENEZUELA.
MERIDA: Rich forest above Hacienda Agua Blanca,
above La Azulita, 1375-1920 m alt, 25 Apr 1944,
Steyermark 56095 (US, holotype of A. penduncu-
2ata Leonard, isotype VEN). COLOMBIA. NORTE DE
SANTANDER: In woods between El Alto del Loro and
Alto de Santa In&, vicinity of Sarare, 1800-2200 m
alt, 18-21 Oct 1941, Cuatrecasas, Schultes, Plr E.
Smith I2516 (COL, US). CUNDINAMARCA: CaAo de
la Muerta, in the Gazaunta Valley, 15 km NW of
Medina, 1950 m alt, 4 Oct 1944, Grant I0363 (US,
holotype of A. grantii Leonard).
114. Aphelandra macrostachya Nees
Aphelandra macrostachya Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:88.
Aphelandra schuZtesii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
ApheZandra monophthalma Leonard, Wrightia 2: 151. 1961.
1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:296. 1847.
237. 1953.
A beautiful shrub of low elevations; branches
terete below, tetragonous, thick (to 4 mm in diameter
at base of inflorescence), the upper portion more
or less strigose-scabrous, lenticels scattered, oblong,
about 1 mm long; leaf blades oblong-oval, 20-23 cm
long, 6-8 cm wide, long acuminate at apex, narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, the margins
entire or crenate, the upper surface shining, drying
dark olivaceous, the costa and lateral nerves
(about 12 pairs) sparingly hirtellous, the surface between
the veins glabrous to sparingly hirtellous, the
lower surface drying a light olive green, sparingly
hirtellous, the hairs on the costa and veins hirtellousstrigillose;
petioles (unwinged portion) 2-3 cm
long, moderately hirtellous; flowers borne in terminal
and axillary spikes, these elongate, 10-13 cm
long, subsessile, with shorter lateral spikes, the
peduncle 3-5 cm long, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous,
the rachis silvery tomentose, except the glabrous
region adjacent to the posterior calyx
segment; bracts imbricate, drying brown, triangularovate,
subcarinate, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide at
2 mm above base, thence gradually narrowed to a
slender, acuminate tip, entire, coriaceous, striatenerved,
puberulous, the margins ciliolate, ocelli,
occurring usually in pairs, elliptic, 1 mm long and
1.75 mm wide, brown, nitid, indistinctly alveolate;
bractlets lanceolate, carinate, 7 mm long, 2 mm
wide at 2.5 mm above base, thence gradually narrowed
to a slender tip, the keel densely silvery
velutinous, the region adjacent to the keel puberulous,
the marginal area subhyaline and glabrous,
the margins sparingly ciliolate; calyx 7 mm long,
the segments lanceolate, finely striate-nerved, inconspicuously
puberulous, comose, the posterior seg
ment 2.5 mm wide near base, the anterior pair 1.75
mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide, all narrowed
from base to a sharp, slender tip; corolla red, 5-7
cm long, puberulous, the hairs conical, the tube 4
mm broad near base, narrowed to 1.5 mm at 7 mm
above base, thence enlarged to 7 mm near mouth,
the upper lip narrowly ovate, 20-25 mm long and
6 mm wide at middle, tipped by 2 triangular
acuminate lobes about 8 mm long and 3 mm wide
at base, the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate,
20 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, slenderly acuminate,
the lateral lobes adnate to the lower part of
the upper lip, their free portion small, about 1 mm
long; stamens slightly exserted beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube; anthers 6 mm long and 1 mm
102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
broad, glabrous; capsule oblong, 2 cm long, chestnut
brown, apiculate at apex, glabrous, muricate.
TYPE.-Martius 3179 (holotype M, F photo
20496), Colombia, Amazonas, Rio Negro, in the
mountains of Araracuara along the Rio JapurP,
Dec-Jan 1820.
DISTFuBUTIoN.-h the northwestern Amazonian
lowlands of Colombia and Brazil. COLOMBIA.
VAUPES: Banks of Rio Inirida, at "Alto Caribe,"
220 m alt, 23 Jan 1953, Ferndndez 1927 (US); banks
of the Rio PapunPua, 5 km above the mouth of
the Inirida, 220 m alt, 1 Feb 1953, Ferndndez 2040
(US); vicinity of the portage of Yurupari, 3 Mar
1944, Gutierrez 6. Schultes 936 (MEDEL, holotype
of A . schultesii Leonard); along the Rio Vaupes in
the vicinity of Miraflores, 300 m alt, 3 Jan 1944,
Gutierrez 6. Schultes 506 (MEDEL). AMAZONASVAUPES:
Rio Apaporis, between the rivers Kananari
and Pacoa, 250 m alt, 1-15 Dec 1951, Garcia-
Berriga 13920 (US, holotype of A. monopthalma
Leonard); Garcia-Berriga I3926 (US). BRAZIL.
AMAZONAS: Near Panure at the Rio Vaupes, Nov
1852, Spruce 2591 (K, LE, P, W); Taracua on the
Rio Vaupes, forest, 5 May 1924, Melin 89 (S).
Probably related to A. pulcherrima, this species
should be easily recognized by its slender spikes
and small acuminate bracts.
115. Aphelandra kingii Wasshausen
Aphelandra kingii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:481. 1973.
Small, suffrutescent shrub, about 0.5 m high;
stem 7 mm in diameter at base, glabrous below,
upwardly becoming densely strigose; leaf blades
elliptic to oblong, 13-16 cm long, 5-7 cm wide,
abruptly acuminate at tip, narrowed at base to a
short petiole 5 mm long, entire, sparingly strigose
above, the lower surface densely strigose, the hairs
about 2 mm long, the costa and lateral veins (about
7-9 pairs) rather prominent, more so than above;
flowers borne in a sessile, terminal oblong-ovate
spike about 7 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, the rachis
glabrous; bracts imbricate, rhombic-ovate, 20-21
mm long, 15 mm wide, acute at apex, the tip itself
a small mucro, cuneate at base, green, coriaceous,
entire, striate-veined, bordered by a narrow subhyaline
margin about 0.5 mm wide; bractlets subulate,
12 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, glabrous, each
ending in a minute spine; calyx segments 8-9 mm
long, glabrous, striate-veined, the posterior segment
subulate, 2 mm wide, acuminate at apex, occasionally
bearing a pair of minute teeth near the
tip, the anterior pair subulate, 1.5 mm wide, acuminate
at apex, the lateral pair conduplicate; corolla
wanting; capsule oblong, 1.5 cm long, 5 mm
wide, drying light brown, glabrous, apiculate at
tip; seeds dark brown, 4 mm in diameter, muricate.
TYPE.-King 6. Guevara 6136 (holotype US),
Colombia, Putumayo, 40 km NW of Puerto Asis,
300 m alt, 31 Ju1 1965.
DIsTRIsuTI0N.-Known Only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra kingii is closely related to A. boyacensis
Leonard, but the bracts, bractlets, and calyx
segments of that relative are considerably longer
and wider.
116. Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard
Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
198. 1953.
Shrub 1-2 m high; stem to 5 cm in diameter at
base, the branches strigose; leaf blades obovate, to
25 cm long and 12 cm wide, abruptly acuminate,
narrowed at base to a short petiole 5 mm long,
shallowly sinuate-dentate or entire, glabrous above
or sparingly strigose, the lower surface densely strigose,
the hairs about 1 mm long, the costa and
lateral veins (6-12 pairs) rather prominent, more
so than above; flowers borne in a subsessile terminal
oblong-ovate spike about 7 cm long and 3.5 cm in
diameter, the rachis sparingly strigose; bracts imbricate,
entire, oblong-elliptic, 35 mm long, 17-18
mm wide (the uppermost smaller), acute to slightly
obtuse (tipped by a mucro 0.5 mm long), thin,
green, coarsely reticulate (the meshes open), pergamentaceous,
glabrous except the costa, this sometimes
sparingly pubescent; bractlets lanceolate, 2
cm long, 5 mm wide, glabrous, thin, veiny, each
ending in a minute spine; calyx pale green, conical,
the segments lanceolate, the posterior one
about 15 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, the anterior
pair slightly shorter and more narrowed, the lateral
pair 13 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, all acute
or acuminate and substriate; corolla pubescent
without, about 3 cm long, very fragrant, creamish,
the throat yellow, the lobes ovate to suborbicular,
about 8 mm long; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.
NUMBER 18 103
TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 565 (holotype S, US
photo 3637, isotypes MO, NY), Colombia, Boyaca,
at El Humbo, 900 m alt, 7 Nov 1932.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-~nown only from the typelocality.
117. Aphelandra colorata (Vellozo) Wasshausen,
new combination
Ruellia colorata Vellozo, F1. Flum. 267, no. 9. 1825; Icones
Lagochilium montanum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:87. 1847;
Aphelandra momtana (Nees) Lindau in Engler & Prantl,
6, pl. 99. 1831.
in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:293. 1847.
Natiirl. Pflanzenfam. 4. Abt. 3b:322. 1895.
Plants shrubby; stem subquadrangular, more or
less strigillose above, becoming glabrous beneath;
leaf blades oval-elliptic to oblong, 18-20 cm long,
the lower about 6 cm wide, the upper 4.5 cm,
acute, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, moderately strigillose, the margins entire,
deep green above, olivaceous beneath, strigillose, especially
the costa and lateral veins (9-12 pairs); petioles
(unwinged portion) 0.5-1 cm long, the pubescence
similar to that of the stem; flowers in solitary,
sessile, terminal or sometimes in one or more
smaller basal spikes, these 7.5-9 cm long, oblong
in outline, 3.5 cm wide (without flowers), closely
imbricate, not spreading with age, the spike subtended
by a pair of small lanceolate leaves; bracts
large, purple, ovate-elliptic, 30-37 mm long and
15 mm wide, obtuse, the tip revolute, sometimes
minutely mucronate, slightly narrowed at base,
subcoriaceous, 9-nerved, glabrous, the margins entire:
bractlets lanceolate, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide,
acute, the tip a small mucro, striate-nerved,
subhyaline, glabrous; calyx 4 mm long, the segments
subequal, lanceolate, striate-nerved, subhyaline,
glabrous, the tip ending in a small mucro
(except posterior), the posterior segment 2 mm
wide, retuse, the anterior pair 1 mm wide, the
lateral pair 0.5 mm wide; corolla red, 3.8 cm long,
barely exceeding the subtending bracts, glabrous,
the tube erect, 2.5 cm long, narrow, 4 mm wide at
base, then narrowed to 2 mm at 7 mm above base,
gradually enlarged to 6 mm wide at mouth, the
upper lip erect, oblong-lanceolate, 13-14 mm long
and 5 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 4 mm long and
2 mm wide, revolute, obtuse, connivent, the lower
lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle lobe
ovate, 1.4 cm long and 4.5 mm wide, revolute, the
lateral lobes lanceolate, 1.3 cm long, 3 mm wide,
obtuse, spreading; stamens equaling the limb; filaments
smooth, flattened; anthers 6 mm long, acute
at both apex and base; style and stigma equaling
stamens; stigma narrow, not infundibular, entire;
capsule 12 mm long, tetragonal, obtuse.
TYPE.-Velloro s.n., lost, if any, specimens were
ever made. Typification is on the basis of the
description and plate, especially the latter.
DIsmIsUT1oN.-southeastern Brazil in the states
of Minas Gerais and SHo Paulo. BRAZIL. MINAS
GERAIS: Antonio Pereira, Mar, Martius 922 (M, syntype
of L. montanum Nees); Ackermann sen. (BR,
syntype of L. montanum Nees). SAO PAULO: Serra
de S. Giraldo near Guidowald, in Indorum Coroados
district, Sellow s.n. (B, destroyed, F photo 8674,
syntype of L. montanum Nees); Ubatuba, Est. Exp.
Ubatuba, 14 Mar 1939, Viegas s.n. (US). WITHOUT
EXACT LOCALITY. Scllow s.n. (K).
118. Aphelandra claussenii Wasshausen,
new name
FIGURE 11
Lagochilium mucronatum Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:86.
1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:293. 1847 [non Aphelandra
mucronata Nees, 18471.
Plants shrubby; stem terete, glabrous; leaf blades
oblong to elliptic, 17-25 cm long, the lower about
8 cm wide, the upper 4.5-5 cm wide, acuminate,
the tip rounded, narrowed at base and longdecurrent
on the petiole, glabrous and deep green
above, the margins entire or undulate, the lower
surface drying a lighter green, glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (6-8 pairs), these sometimes
sparingly puberulous; petioles (unwinged portion)
0.5-1 cm long, canaliculate above, glabrous; flowers
borne in solitary, sessile, terminal spikes, these
7-10 cm long, oblong in outline, 2-3 cm wide
(without flowers), the bracts imbricate, somewhat
spreading with age, the spike subtended by a pair
of small lanceolate leaves; bracts large, colored,
obovate. 35 mm long, 15 mm wide, cuspidatemucronulate,
slightly narrowed and cuneate at
base, subcoriaceous, basally distinctly 5-nerved with
reticulate venation near the tip, glabrous, the margins
entire; bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm long, 1.5 mm
wide, aristate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, mintuely
104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
ciolate; calyx 15-17 mm long, the segments subequal,
lanceolate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous,
the posterior segment 4 mm wide, ciliolate at
apex, the anterior pair 2.5 mm wide, the lateral pair
1.75 mm wide, these and the anterior segments tipped
by a small mucro; corolla red, 3.5-3.7 cm long, barely
exceeding the subtending bracts, glabrous, the
tube erect, 2.5 cm long, narrow, 4 mm wide at
base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm wide at
mouth, the upper Iip erect, obIong, 10 mm long
and 5 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 5 mni long and 3
mm wide, acute, connivent, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the lobes subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 1.2 cm
long and 4.5 mm wide, acute, the lateral lobes
lanceolate, 1.2 cm long, 3 mm wide, acute, spreading;
stamens equaling the limb; filaments flattened,
smooth; anthers 8 mm long, acute, mucronate at
base; style and stigma slightly exceeding stamens;
stigma somewhat infundibular, entire, pubescent;
mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.--M. Cluussen I074 (syntype P), Brazil,
Minas Gerais, 1838.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Southeastern Brazil, in woods in
the states of Minas Gerais and Rio ae Janeiro.
BRAZIL. MINAS GERAIS: Tombos, Fazenda da Cachoeira,
10 Ju1 1935, Barreto I519 (F). RIO DE JANEIRO:
March 1872, Glaziou 4894 (K, P).
119. Aphelandra hintonii Wasshausen
Aphelandra hintonii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:476. 1973.
Suffrutescent shrub; stems subquadrangular, glabrous
to hirtellous; leaf blades ovate, 21-25 cm
long, 9.5-12.5 cm wide, acuminate (the tip obtuse),
narrowed and conspicuously attenuate at base, submembranaceous,
entire or shallowly crenate, the
upper surface dark-olivaceous, strigillose, the lower
surface brownish green, hirsute, the costa and lateral
veins (12-15 pairs) prominent on the lower
surface, densely hirsute; petioles (unwinged portion)
1.5 cm long, densely hirsute; flowers borne
in a short, sessile, terminal spike 8 cm long and 3.5
cm wide (without corollas), subtendetl by a number
of small, leaf blades near the base, these ovate,
9 cm long, 3.5-4 cm wide, the bracts densely imbricate,
viscid, the rachis densely sericeous; bracts
ovate, 33 mm long and 15 mm wide, acute, cuneate,
colored, densely glandular-pilose, prominently 3-
nerved, the margins entire, ciliate; bractlets lanceolate,
subcarinate, 23 mm long, 4.5 mm wide,
striate-nerved near base, the veinlets reticulate
above middle, glandular-pilose; calyx segments
lanceolate, 19-22 mm long, subequal, striate-nerved,
glandular-pilose, the posterior segment 5.5 mm
wide, the anterior pair 3.5 mm wide, the lateral
pair 3 mm wide; corolla red, 6.5-7 cm long,
glandular-pilose, the tube erect, 5 mm wide at
base, narrowed to 4 mm at 8 mm above base, thence
gradualIy enlarged to 9 mm at mouth, the upper
lip oblong, erect, 2 cm long, 5 mm wide, entire,
acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes
subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 2 cm long,
1.5 cm wide, obtuse or rounded, the lateral lobes
broadly elliptic, 1.5 cm long, 7 mm wide, acute;
stamens exserted 1.6 cm beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube; anthers 4.5 mm long, 1 mm wide,
rounded at both ends; ovary 5 mm long, 2 mm
wide, glabrous; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-G. Hinton 16049 (holotype US, isotype
NY), Mexico, Michoacin, Coalcoman, Naranjillo,
30 Oct 1941.
DIsTRIBL!TIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
This species, known only from one collection, is
distinguished by its large and broad leaf blades,
short terminal spike, large, glandular-pilose bracts,
and the large size of the corolla. The shape of the
leaves and flowers somewhat recalls A. madrensis
Lindau, but A. hintonii does not seem to be closely
allied to any other species.
120. Aphelandra blanchetiana (Nees) Hooker
Aphelandra blanchetiana (Nees) Hooker, Bot. Mag. 117, pl.
Strobilorachis blancketiana Nces in Martius, FI. Bras. 9:85.
Aphelandra clava ‘IYawra, Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 1’74. 1862.
Aphelandra porteaiia Morel var. clava (M’awra) Wawra, Bot.
Aphelandra amoena Bull, Cat. 2, 1888, fide Index Kew Bull.
7179. 1891.
1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:294. 1847.
Ergeb. Reise Bras. 80, pl. 14. 1866.
1889:77. 1889.
Herbaceous, glabrous shrub; stem stout, 60 cm
high, glabrous; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 21-32 cm
long, 7-10 cm wide, acute to shortly acuminate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
entire, thin, the upper surface dark green, glabrous
to sparingly puberulous, the costa and lateral veins
(about 20 pairs) usually variegated silvery-gray, the
XUMBER 18 105
lower surface paler green, glabrous to puberulous
except the costa and lateral veins moderately puberulous;
petioles (unwinged portion) 1.5 cm long,
puberulous; flowers terminal in 1-3 sessile spikes,
these to 30 cm long, 4.5 cm wide (without flowers),
the lateral spikes somewhat shorter, the bracts imbricate;
bracts oblong-elliptic, 37.5-45 mm long,
15-17 mm wide, rose colored to deep red, erect to
spreading, acute, cuneate at base, puberulous without,
conspicuously parallel veined, the 7-8 veins
converging at apex; bractlets small, lanceolate, 1.2
cm long, 1.5 mm wide, the tip mucronulate, striatenerved,
glabrous or bearing a few hairs near the
tip; calyx 2.5 cm long, the segments subulate,
striate-nerved, scarious, acute, the tip a stiff bristlelike
awn, glabrous, the posterior segment 4.5 mm
wide just below the middle, the anterior pair 3 mm
wide, the lateral pair 1.5 mm wide; corolla golden
yellow, about 5 cm long, well exserted beyond the
subtending bracts, densely glandular pilose, the
tube narrow, 2.5 cm long, gradually curving over
the short extending bracts, the throat shortly inflated,
about 5 mm long, 7 mm wide at mouth, the
upper lip erect, subrecurved, oblong, 2.2 cm long
and 7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 1 mm long and
1.5 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the
lobes equal, oblong, 2 cm long, 3.5 mm wide, all
obtuse, the lateral lobes somewhat narrowly reflexed;
stamens included in the upper lip; anthers
7 mm long, acute, mucronulate at base, downy to
woolly; style exceeding anthers; stigma somewhat
infundibular, entire, ciliolate; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Blanchet 2086 (syntype B, destroyed, F
photo 8659, G, P), Brazil, Bahia, Ilheos.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. BRAZIL. BAHIA: Blanchet s.n. (P);
Blanchet 2087 (K, P); Ilheos, 1859-60, Wawra (1.
Mazy 226 (W); Wawra G Mazy 296 (W, holotype
of A. clava Wawra). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Cult.
at Kew, 3 Aug 1890, (K, labeled A. amoena Bull).
121. Aphelandra vnriegata Morel
FICURE~ 50, 51
Aphelandra variegata Morel, F1. des Serres. ser. 1, 10:33, pl.
Aphelandra porteana Morel, F1. des Serres, ser. 1, 10:41. pl.
981. 1854-1855; Bot. Mag. 82, pl. 8999. 1856.
984. 1854-1855.
Herbaceous, glabrous, moderately branched
plant, about 2 m high; stem stout, 30-60 cm high,
undivided, erect, terete; leaf blades lanceolateoblong
to ovate, 15-20 cm long, 4.5-9 cm wide,
moderately acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, entire, firm, the upper surface
deeply greenish, fasciarius and somewhat paler
green between the lateral veins, often whitevariegated
along the costa and lateral veins, especially
near the base, glabrous, the lower surface
paler green (not glaucescent), glabrous to sparingly
puberulous, especially the costa and lateral veins
(8-1 1 pairs), the margins sparingly undulatecrisped;
petioles (unwinged portion) short, 1 cm
long, puberulous; flowers terminal in 1-3 sessile
spikes, these 6-11 cm long, 3.5 cm wide (without
flowers) ; the lateral spikes somewhat shorter, the
bracts imbricate, somewhat spreading with age;
bracts elliptic to broadly obovate, 30-40 mm long,
15-17 mm wide, orange-red to yellowish orange,
erect to spreading, subacute to obtuse, conduplicate,
entire, cuneate at base, puberulous, the uppermost
one the narrowest, lowermost pair the
broadest, green within, conspicuously net-veined;
bractlets small, lanceolate, 8.5 mm long, 2 mm
wide, the tip mucronulate, striate-nerved, glabrous
or bearing a few hairs on the margin near the tip;
calyx 2.5 cm long, the segments lanceolate, striatenerved,
scarious, the tip of the anterior and lateral
segments a stiff bristlelike awn, glabrous, the posterior
segment 7 mm wide just below the middle, the
anterior pair 3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2 mm
wide; corolla yellow, about 5 cm long, well exserted
beyond the subtending bracts, moderately glandularpilose
without, the tube narrow, 2.5 cm long, 2.5
mm wide at base, the throat gradually enlarged,
about 8 mm long, 5 mm wide at mouth, the upper
lip erect, oblong, 1.7 cm long and 6 mm wide,
bifid, the lobes extremely variable, 1-6 mm long
and 2-3.5 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the lobes nearly equal, somewhat revolute, conspicuously
parallel-veined, the middle lobe lanceolate,
1.5 cm long, 4 mm wide, the lateral lobes
oblong, 1.5 cm long, 3 mm wide; stamens included
in the upper lip; anthers 6-7 mm long, acute,
mucronulate at base, dorsally pubescent; style exceeding
anthers; stigma infundibular, entire, puberulous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Typification is on the basis of the description
and plate, especially the latter. Introduced
from Bahia, Brazil by M. Porte into the
106 SMITHSONIAK CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
home of M. Morel of St. Mande, between 1846-
1847.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Collected in the state of Espirito
Santo, Brazil and known from cultivation at the
botanic garden in Vienna. BRAZIL. ESPIRITO SANTO:
Agricultural zone, Jan 1916, Lutzelburg 12728 (M).
CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Cult. hort. Vindob. 1865,
Fenzl s.n. (W); de seminibus horti bot. Leodii
(Sutlich.) Hort. bot. Monacensis 1864, Kummer
s.n. (M); ex horto bot. Petropolitano 76.11 (LE).
Aphelandra porteana was described by Morel as
a variety of A. variegata. It was distinguished from
A. variegata by the very short spike and the very
lax bracts. After examining the two plates, I conclude
that A. porteana is merely a more mature
state of A. variegata.
122. Aphelandra speciosa T. S. Brandegee
Aphetandra speciosa T. S. Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.
6: 196. 1915.--Standley, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23:1337.
1926.
Shrub or suffrutescent herb to 2 m high; stems
simple, erect, quadrangular, slender, glabrous to
sparingly pubescent; leaf blades glabrous, ellipticoblong,
10-32 cm long, 3-13 cm wide, longacuminate,
attenuate at base, entire or undulate,
thin, membranaceous, the upper surface drying
dark green, the costa and lateral veins (usually
10-12 pairs) white, plane or slightly elevated, less
prominent than the lower surface, this drying a
much lighter green, almost silvery; petioles (unwinged
portion) 7-12 cm long, glabrous; spikes
terminal, solitary, 12-16 cm long, 3-4 cm wide
(excluding corollas), the peduncle 1 cm long,
glabrous to sparingly puberulous, the rachis angled,
puberulous; bracts deep vermilion-red, becoming
bronze-green upon maturity, 30-40 mm long, 18-25
mm wide, obscurely striate-nerved, obtuse or
rounded, carinate, glabrous both within and without,
the margins entire, ciliolate; bractlets similar
to the calyx segments, lanceolate, 7-12 mm long,
2-3 mm wide, striate-nerved, glabrous, the margins
ciliolate; calyx segments subequal, lanceolate, subhyaline,
thin, striate-nerved, the posterior segment
15 mm long, 5 mm wide, the anterior and lateral
pairs 16-17 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, aristate, all
glabrous; corolla deep vermilion red, glabrous or
the lobes glandular-puberulous, 5.5-6.5 cm long,
the tube 2-3.8 cm long, 4 mm wide at base, thence
gradually enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper
lip erect, 17 mm long, 10 mm wide, entire, acuminate,
the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes all obtuse or
rounded, the middle lobe obovate, 16 mm long,
9 mm wide, the lateral lobes elliptic, 10 mm long,
3.5 mm wide; stamens included; filaments about
4 cm long, epipetalous at base of throat, sparingly
puberulous; anthers 7 mm long, apiculate, glabrous;
capsule oblong, 20 mm long, about 8 mm broad,
5 mm wide, brown, glabrous, shining; seeds dark
brown, flat, about 7 mm long, 4.5 mm wide,
sparsely granulose, puberulous.
TYPE.-C. A. Purpus 6995 (holotype UC, isotypes
NY, US), Mexico, Chiapas, Finca Mexiquito,
June 1914.
DISTRIBUTION.-Southern Mexico and Guatemala,
at elevations above 1000 meters. GUATEMALA. SAN
MARCOS: Canjutz ?, 1140 m alt, 31 Ju1 1922, Sdas
16 (US). QUETZALTENANGO: 3 km S of Santa Maria,
1500 m alt, 31 Ju1 1965, R o e , R o e , & Mori 720
(US). SUCHITEPEQUEZ: Finca Moca, 1050 m alt,
22 Oct 1934, Skutch 1496 (US); 25 Oct 1934,
Skutch 1538 (US); south-facing slopes and barrancos
of Volcin Santa Clara, 1.5-2 m W of Finca
El Naranjo, 1250 m alt, 1 Jul 1942, Steyermark
46800 (F, IJS).
123. Aphelandra flava Nees
FIGURE 9
ApheEundra flava Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:297. 1847.-
Aphelandra anomala Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:
Aphelandra fusco-punctata Markgraf, Gartenbauwissenschaft
Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:279. 1953.
185. 1953.
20:328. 1955
Shrubby, to 1 m high; stem terete, minutely
pubescent or pilosulous at the nodes; leaves drooping;
leaf blades oblong, to 23 cm long and 5.5-7.5
cm wide, acuminate, cuneate and decurrent on the
petiole at base, entire, both surfaces puberulous
except the costa and veins of the upper surface,
these pilose; petioles (unwinged portion) 1-2 cm
long; spike terminal, solitary, to 16 cm long, 3-4
cm broad, the bracts closely imbricate, erectspreading
or the lowermost drooping, the rachis
glandular-pilosulous; bracts reddish orange, drying
to light reddish, tip green, entire, oblong-ovate,
NUMBER IS 107
about 30 mm long, 20 mm wide or the lowermost
somewhat smaller, acute, thin, glandular-pubescent;
bractlets linear-lanceoltae, 18 mm long, 2 mm wide
at base, striate-nerved, glandular-pubescent; calyx
segments subequal, lanceolate, the posterior one
4.5 mm wide, the two anterior each 3.5 mm wide,
the lateral ones each 2.5 mm wide, striate,
glandular-pubescent; corolla about 5 cm long, dull
yellow, the limbs marked by small reddish brown
spots, glandular-pubescent, the hairs minute except
on the lips, here intermixed with longer hairs
reaching 2 mm in length, the tube 4 mm in diameter
at base, 5 mm wide at throat, the upper lip
erect, oblong, 15-20 mm long and 6 mm wide, 2-
toothed at apex, the teeth 2 mm long, acute, the
lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the middle lobe oval,
about 25 mm long and 11 mm wide, slightly obtuse,
the lateral lobes narrowly elliptic, about 7
mm long and 2 mm wide, obtuse or rounded;
ovary and capsule not seen.
TypE.-Goudot s.n. (holotype K, isotype P),
Colombia, Huila: Alto de Limba, Jul 1844.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Outside of cultivation, known
only from the department of Huila, Colombia.
COLOMBIA. HUILA: Cordillera Oriental, E of Neiva,
700-1500 m alt, 31 Ju1 1917, Rusby CL- Pennell 470
(holotype of A. anomala Leonard, NY, US); along
Rio Magdalena, Suaza Valley, S of Garzbn, 1943,
Epple s.n. (Z, holotype of A. fusco-punctata Markgraf).
VALLE: Jicaramata, near the rio Tulu6, 15
Sep 1853, Holton s.n. (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY.
Prov. of Bogota, La Parada, 500 m alt, May
1857, Triana 4074 (K, P); 1847, Goudot s.n. (K).
CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Longwood Gardens Greenhouse
Acc 601400, PI 265919, 16 May 1961, PeeEe
528 (US); Bot. Gard. Miinchen, 1955, 1957, (M,
these specimens bear the name Aphelandra fuscopunctata
in Markgraf’s handwriting).
Aphelandra flava is a unique species easily recognized
by its rather large, thin, glandular-pubescent
bracts, yellowish corollas, and reddish brown dotted
limbs.
124. Aphelandra hirta (Klotzsch) Wasshausen,
new combination
Strobilorhachis hirta Klotzsch in Otto & Dietrich, Allg.
Lagochiliurn luteurn Kees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:87. 1847.
Aphelandra Iutea Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1845.
Gartenz. 7:308. 1839.
Plants shrubby; stem subquadrangular, more or
less strigillose above, glabrate beneath; leaf blades
oblong-oval, 13-20 cm long, the lower about 7 cm
wide, the upper 5 cm, obtusely acuminate, narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous
and deep green above, the margins entire,
the lower surface drying a lighter green, glabrous
to moderately puberulous, especially the costa and
lateral veins (8-10 pairs); petioles (unwinged portion)
0.5 cm long, the pubescence similar to that
of the stem; flowers in solitary, subsessile, terminal
spikes, these 5-9 cm long, oblong in outline, 3-3.5
cm wide (without flowers), closely imbricate, not
spreading with age, the spike subtended by a pair
of small lanceolate leaves; bracts large, shining,
colored, obovate, 30-34 mm long and 18-20 mm
wide, obtuse, the tip itself revolute, slightly narrowed
at base, subcoriaceous, basally distinctly 5-
nerved, the venation reticulate near tip, glabrous,
the margins entire; bractlets lance-subulate, 4 mm
long, 1.5 mm wide, acute, striate-nerved, subhyaline,
glabrous; calyx 5 mm long, the segments
subequal, lanceolate (except posterior), striatenerved,
subhyaline, glabrous, the posterior segment
lance-ovate, 2 mm wide, the anterior pair 1.5 mm
wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide; corolla yellow,
4.5-5 cm long, amply exceeding the subtending
bracts, glabrous, the tube erect, 2.5 cm long, narrow,
3 mm wide at base, then gradually enlarged
to 5 mm wide at mouth, the limbs ringent, subequal,
the upper lip erect, lance-ovate, 1.8 cm long
and 9 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 6 mm long and 3
mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
erect, subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 2 cm long
and 7 mm wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes oblong,
2 cm long, 5 mm wide, obtuse; stamens reaching
the base of the lobes of the upper lip; filaments
smooth, flattened; anthers 8 mm long, acute at
both apex and base; style and stigma exceeding the
stamens; stigma somewhat infundibular, entire,
pubescent; mature capsule not seen.
TypE.-Beyrich s.n. (B, destroyed), Brazil, Rio
de Janeiro, Serra d’Estrella, near Jose Dios, Feb
1823.
DIsTRIBUT1oN.-Southeastern Brazil, in woods in
the state of Rio de Janeiro. BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO:
Near Mandiocca, Jan, Feb, Herb. Martius
s.n. (BR, syntype of A. Zzitea Nees); Serra d’Estre1-
la, Feb-Mar 1823, Riedel 0.56 (LE); PetrOpolis,
1879, Binot 38 pro parte (LE); Rio de Janeiro,
108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Riedel ii7 Luschnath 0.48 (LE); around Rio de
Janeiro and Ouro Preto, 1883-84, Glaziou 15293
(K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. Ferreira 649
(K); Sellow 1173 (K, syntype of A. lutea Nees).
Nees cites under his A. lutea, both the Martius
and the Beyrich specimens, as well as other collections,
as syntypes.
125. Aphelandra martiusii Wasshausen, new name
Lagochiliurn repandurn Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:86. 1847;
de Candolle, Prodr. 11:293. 1847 [non Aphelandra repanda
Nees, 18471.
Large, glabrate shrub, 0.6-1 m high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous to sparingly strigillose; leaf
blades oblong-lanceolate, 25-30 cm long, 4-7.5 cm
wide, acuminate to attenuate at apex, attenuate at
base and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, the
margins entire or repand, deep green above,
the lower surface paler, glabrous to puberulous,
the costa and lateral veins (about 11 pairs) prominent,
puberulous; petioles (unwinged portion) 0.5-
1 cm long, flat, puberulous beneath; flowers in
solitary, terminal, sessile spikes, these imbricate,
suboval in outline, 7-8 cm long, 4-6 cm wide,
(without flowers), not spreading with age, the spike
supported by a pair of small leaflike bracts; bracts
large, showy, red, obovate-cuneate, 35 mm long
and 25 mm wide just below the apex, obtuse, the
tip minutely mucronulate, recurved-spreading,
slightly narrowed at base, reticulate-nerved, glabrous,
the margins entire; bractlets pink, lanceolate,
narrowed and acuminate, 18 mm long, 4 mm
wide, carinate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous;
calyx 11-12 mm long, the segments subequal,
lanceolate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous, narrowly
acuminate (except lateral), the posterior
segment 3 mm wide, the anterior pair slightly narrower,
the lateral pair smaller, 1 mm wide, aristate;
corolla reddish-purple, the limb reddish, 4 cm long,
barely exceeding the subtending bracts, glabrous,
the tube erect, narrow, 2 mm wide at base, gradually
enlarged to 6 mm wide at mouth, the upper
lip erect, ovate, 8 mm long and 8 mm wide, revolute,
bifid, the lobes 1 mm long and wide, acute,
the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle
lobe ovate, 4 mm long and 4 mm wide, revolute,
the lateral lobes lanceolate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide,
spreading; stamens wliite, exceeding the mouth of
the corolla tube but not reaching the upper lip;
filaments smooth, flattened; style much shorter
than the stamens, 1.5 cm long; stigma somewhat
infundibular, entire; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Martius s.n. (syntype M, F photo 20492),
Brazil, Par4 on the banks of the Xingu River, Sep.
DISTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from the two Martius
collections, Para Brazil and Vaupe, Colombia.
COLOMBIA. VAUP~S: Woods of Porto dos Miranhas,
prov. Rio Negro, district of Japura, Dec. Martius
s.n. (M, syntype).
126. Aphelandra squarrosa Nees
FIGURE 40
Aphelandra squarrosa Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:89. 1847;
in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847.-Lindau in Engler &
Prantl, Katiirl. Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 3b:322. 1895.
Aphelandra squarrosa Sees var. lnxior Xees in Martius, F1.
Bras. 9:89. 1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847.
Afihelandra squarrosa Nees var. angustifolia Nees in Martius,
F1. Bras. 9:89. 1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847.
Aphelandra squarrosa Nees var. citrina Planchon F1. de5
Serres 8: 161, pl. 809. 1852-1853.
Aphelandra squarrosa Nees var. leopoldi Van Houtte F1. des
Serres 9:85, pl. 889. 1853-1854.-L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl.
Hort. 308. 1914.-Anonymous. Gard. Chron. ser. 3. 82:283.
1927.
Aphelandra leopoldii (Van Houtte) Lowe, Beautiful-leaved
Plants, 55, pl. 27. 1861.-0. Krauss, Gartenwelt, 35:689.
1931.
Aphelandra oostachya WTawra, Oester. Bot. Zeitschr. 12: 172.
1862; Bot. Ergeb. Reise Bras. 79, pl. 13. 1866.
Aphelandra chrysops Bull, Cat. 7, 9. 1887.-Anonymous,
Gard. Chron. ser. 3; 1:736, fig. 140. 1887.
Aphelandra coccinna Rizzini, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de
Janeiro 8:324. 1948.
Plants subherbaceous, showy, scarcely branched,
30-60 cm high, glabrous; stems terete, thick, succulent,
collapsed and brownish when dry, the internodes
2.5-6.5 cm long; leaves crowded; leaf blades
elliptic, glabrous, 25-30 cm long, 7-10 cm wide,
shortly acuminate, the tip obtuse, cuneately narrowed
and decurrent on the petiole at base, entire
or slightly undulate, membranaceous to firm, the
upper surface drying dark green, the lower surface
paler, drying almost yellowish green, the costa and
lateral veins (8-13 pairs) rather prominent, arcuate;
petioles (unwinged portion) 2.4-3.2 cm long,
flattened when dry, glabrous, very similar to the
stem; flowers terminal, on 1-3 peduncled spikes,
NUMBER 18 109
the central spike about 11 cm long and 4 cm wide
(without flowers), the peduncle thick, 5 cm long,
glabrous, the lateral spikes somewhat shorter, about
4 cm long, the peduncle 2.5 cm wide, the bracts
closely imbricate, spreading somewhat with age;
bracts yellow to orange, oval to ovate, 25-38 mm
long, 18-25 wide, conduplicate, shortly acute and
reflexed at apex, the tip mucronulate, slightly narrowed
and truncate at base, papery, entire, shining
and glabrous; bractlets lanceolate, 4.5-8 mm long,
1-1.5 mm wide, subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous
and sparingly glandular-puncticulate; calyx 8-10
mm long, the segments lanceolate (the posterior
segment lance-subulate), subhyaline, striate-nerved
(the anterior and lateral pair ending in a stiff
bristlelike awn), glabrous and sparingly glandularpuncticulate,
the posterior segment 1.5-2 mm wide
just below the middle, the anterior pair 1.25-1.5
mm wide, the lateral pair 0.75-1 mm wide; corolla
showy, yellow, 3.75-5 cm long, well exserted beyond
the subtending bracts, glabrous without, pubescent
within at the lips, the tube erect, 3-3.5 cm
long, 3-5 mm wide at base, narrowed to 1-2 mm
at 5 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to
7 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong,
8 mm long and 5 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 3 mm
long and 3 mm wide, obtuse and somewhat hooded
at apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes spreading,
subequal, the middle lobe ovate, 7 mni long, 5 mm
wide, acute and slightly hooded, the lateral lobes
obliquely curved, oval-oblong, 6.5-7 mm long, 3-
3.5 mm wide, slightly acute to obtuse; stamens
equal to or slightly exserted beyond the upper lip;
anthers 5.5 mm long, dorsally and apically villous,
acute, mucronate at base; filaments epipetalous
near base of the corolla tube, pubescent at base
and near apex, otherwise glabrous; style filiform,
somewhat shorter than the anthers, glabrous except
for the villous apex; stigma barely thickened, infundibular,
bilobed, short; ovary 4 mm long, cylindric,
glabrous; capsule 8 mm long, glabrous.
LECTOTYPE.-Pohl 6034 (syntype W), Brazil, Rio
de Janeiro, Serra de Macacu.
DISTRIBUTION.-Southeastern Brazil, in woods in
the states of Pernambuco, Minas Gerais, Rio de
Janeiro, and Sao Paulo. BRAZIL. PERNAMBUCO:
Pernambuco, 1842, Herb. Martius s.n. (BR, syntype).
MINAS GERAIS: 1816-1821, St. Hilaire 61
(P); Lagoa Santa, Warming sen. (C, W); Juiz de
Fhra, 1879, Wawra 199, 200 (W), 200a (W, F photo
32680); Est. Experimental, Agua Limpa, 21 Feb
1956, Gomes 2483 (RB, US). RIO DE JANEIRO: Karwinski
s.n. (syntype BR); Feb 1888, Bull s.n. (K);
Cantagallo, Peckolt 262 (W); Alto Macahe de
Novo Friburgo, 12 Mar 1870, Glaziou 4166 (K, P);
Municipio de Novo Friburgo, between Teodoro de
Oliveira & Nova Friburgo, 800-1000 m alt, 20 Apr
1952, L. B. Smith 6684 (R, US); highway along
Rio Friburgo, 26 Feb 1939, Lutz 1285 (K); between
Cachoeira de Macacu and Friburgo, 25 Mar 1953,
Pereira 1344 (RB, US); road to Friburgo, km 70,
18 Jan 1957, Emygdio 1141 (RB, US); Friburgo,
21 Feb 1944, Constantino s.n. (RB, holotype of A.
concinna Rizzini); Teresopolis, Apr 1918, Fruscao
8621 (RB); Serra de Teresopolis, 2 Dec 1966,
Duarte 9595 (K, RB, US); Serra dos Orgaos, near
Rio de Janeiro, May 1839, Guillemin 249 (cat. no.
IOO’i), (P, holotype of A. squarrosa var. laxior
Nees); Serra dos Orgaos, Picada Saudade, July 1915,
Luetzelburg 6497 (M); Parque Nacional da Serra
dos Orgaos, 20 May 1944, Paes s.n. (RB); Serra dos
Orgaos, 3 Ju1 1948, Pereira 594 (RB); descent from
Serra dos Orgaios to Freohal, Bzirchell 2561 (K);
MagP, Apr 1823, Riedel 0.57 (LE); Petropolis,
1859-60, Wawra it- Maly 411 (W, holotype of A.
oostachya Wawra); Petropolis, 24 Mar 1879, Glazioti
11345 (K, P); Petropolis, 1879, Binot 38 pro
parte (RB); Petropolis, edge of forest, 1879, Wawra
42 (W); Petropolis, Morro do Retiro, 6 Jan 1883,
Glaziou 14170a (K, P); Petropolis, 1947, Goes 120
(RB); Itatiaia, Fazenda Henrique, 1000 m alt, Feb
1899, Gounelle s.n. (G); Itatiaia, Monte Serrat,
800 m alt, 21 Feb 1936, Brude 15046 (RB); Parque
Nacional de Itatiaia, 17 Feb 1960, Barth 1-298
(US); Serra d’Estrella, 2 Apr 1823, Riedel s.n. (LE).
SAO PAULO: Serra do Cubatao, Sellow 478 (B, destroyed,
holotype of A. squarrosa var. anginstifolia
Nees); Cubatgo, 15 May 1957, Kuhlmann 4076
(NY). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY: Pohl 6051 (W,
F photo 32681); Schott 6122 (W, syntype); 1816-
1821, St. Hilaie s.n. (P); Novara Exped. 179 (W);
1821-36, Riedel 0.60 (LE); Riedel L- Langsdorff
107, 108 (LE). CULTIVATED MATT-RIAL. Cult in
Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew., Oct 1893, labeled “A. chrysops
= A . squurrosa var. leopoldii,” (K); cult. in
Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew., Aug 1908, House sen. (K,
labeled A. squarrosa var. louisiae); cult. in Hort.
Bot. Reg. Kew., 14 Dec 1887, Bull s.n. (K, labeled
holotype of A. chrysops Bull).
Both Aphelandra squarrosa var. citrina and A.
110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
squarrosa var. Zeopoldi are horticultural varieties
without any designated types. When comparing the
plates with the Pohl syntype I cannot find any
distinguishing characters for retaining these
varieties.
A. chrysops is a horticultural name without any
designated type. Nicholson (1900:60) states that A.
chrysops represents a synonym of A. squarrosa var.
Zeopoldii. In comparing the plates with the Pohl
syntype, no distinguishing characters for the retention
of the epithet can be found.
127. Aphekndra nephoica Wasshausen
Aphelandra nephoica Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:483. 1973.
Erect or decumbent herb to 50 cm high; stems
terete, purplish, rather sparingly strigose; leaf
blades oblong-elliptic, 8.5-11 cm long, 2.5-4 cm
wide, short-acuminate at apex (the tip itself obtuse),
long and narrowly decurrent on the petiole,
firm, entire or shallowly undulate, the upper surface
yellowish green, strigillose, especially the costa
and lateral veins (8-11 pairs), the lower surface
light green, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins
inconspicuously appressed-puberulous; petioles 1-
1.5 cm long, strigillose; flowers borne in 2, lax,
axillary, peduncled spikes, these 3-4 cm long, the
rachis strigose, the hairs spreading, the peduncles
9-13 cm long, sparingly strigose; bracts erect,
scarcely imbricate, triangular, 2.5-3 mm long and
2 mm wide, acute, green, entire, carinate, the margins
densely ciliate; bractlets lanceolate, 2.5 mm
long and 1 mm wide, acuminate, striate-nerved,
green, ciliate; calyx segments subequal, lanceolate,
4.5 mm long, thinly scarious, striate-nerved, acute
to acuminate, glabrous and minutely ciliate, the
posterior segment 1.5 mm wide, the anterior pair
1 mm wide, the lateral pair 0.5 mm wide; corolla
mauve-pink, 1.8 cm long, glabrous, the tube erect,
1.4 cm long, 2 mm wide at base, narrowed to 1 mm
at 3 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to
2.5 mm at mouth, the lobes of the lower lip broadly
rounded, broadly cuneate toward base, the middle
one 5 mm long and 3 mm wide, the lateral ones
slightly smaller, the upper pair much smaller (4
mm long and 2 mm wide); stamens included, subequal;
filaments epipetalous above the middle of
the corolla tube; anthers oblong, obtuse, their tips
cohering; ovary 1.5 mm long; capsule not seen.
TwE.-Grubb, Curry, Q Fernandez 651 (holotype
US), Colombia, Boyaca, Sierra Nevada del
Cocuy, between BPchira and BocotP, 2250 m alt,
21 Aug 1957.
DISTRIBUTION.-In cloud forests, known only
from the type-locality.
Aphelandra nephoica is closely related to A.
arnoldii, but the bracts of that relative bear a few
minute teeth and its leaf blades are considerably
longer and wider.
128. Aphelandra andrei Leonard
Aphelandra andrei Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:707.
1958.
Herbs to 0.3 m high; stems ascending, rooting at
the lower nodes, densely hirsute, the hairs 0.5-0.75
mm long; leaf blades oblong, to 8 cm long and 2.5
cm wide, short-acuminate (the tip obtuse), narrowed
at base, rather thin, entire, both surfaces
moderately pilose; petioles slender, to 4 cm long,
more or less pilose; spikes in 3’s terminating a
slender, pilose peduncle 7 cm long, each spike
about 1.5 cm long and 1 cm broad, borne on secondary,
densely pilose peduncles to 7 mm long,
the three spikes subtended by a pair of small leaves,
18 mm long and 8 mm wide, subobtuse, narrowed
at base to a winged petiole, about 3 mm long, the
pubescence that of the stem leaves, the rachis
densely hirsute; bracts thin, oblong, 7 mm long
and 4 mm wide, acute at tip, narrowed at base,
thin, entire, both surfaces hirtellous, the hairs to
0.5 mm long, the margins ciliate, the costa and 1
or 2 pairs of lateral nerves slender; bractlets narrowly
linear, 5.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide at base,
gradually narrowed to a slender tip, the outer surface
pilose, densely so toward the tip, the inner
surface glabrous, striate-nerved; calyx segments
narrowly lanceolate, 0.75 mm wide, striate-nerved,
puberulous toward the tip; corolla 1.8 cm long, rose
or red, the lower half glabrate, the upper half
pubescent, the hairs more or less curved, the tube
1.5 mm broad at base, enlarged over ovary to 2
mm, then narrowed to 1.25 mm, thence gradually
enlarged to 4 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip
about 3 mm long and 4 mm wide, bilobed, the
lobes 2 mm long and wide, rounded and emarginate,
the lower lip 4 mm long, 3-lobed, the lobes
obcordate, 2 mm long and wide, emarginate; staNUMBER
18 111
mens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube; ovary
glabrous except the hirsute tip; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-E. Andre‘ 4661 (holotype K, US photo
4658), Colombia, Cundinamarca, in shade of virgin
forests at San Ignacio, “Cordillera Orientalis Bogotensis,”
Jan 1876.
DIsTRIBuT1oN.-Known only from the type
locality.
129. Aphelandra campii Wasshausen
Aphelandra campii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:467. 1973.
Suffrutescent, 1.5-2 m high; stems terete, glabrous;
leaf blades elliptic to oblong, 13-14 cm long
and 4.4-4.8 cm wide, acuminate (the tip blunt),
gradually narrowed from above middle and attenuate
at base, entire, submembranaceous, the upper
surface deep green, glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously
puberulous, the lower surface pale
green, glabrous, black-punctate, the costa and lateral
veins (1 1-13 pairs) slightly raised, glabrous,
more conspicuous beneath than above; petioles
(unwinged portion) 1.5-3 cm long, glabrous or
sparingly puberulous; flowers borne in short, fewflowered,
pedunculate spikes, these axillary and
terminal, 2-3 cm long, 1 cm wide (without corollas)
forming a thyrse, the peduncles 1.5-4 cm long,
glabrous; bracts obovate, pale cream-green, 8 mm
long, 6 mm wide, obscurely 3-lobed at apex, cuneate
at base, glabrous, glandular-punctate, net-veined,
the margins entire, reddish; bractlets lanceolate,
5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, striate-nerved, subhyaline,
glabrous; calyx segments lanceolate, 5-6 mm
long, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glabrous, the posterior
segment 2 mm wide, acute, the anterior pair
1 mm wide, the lateral pair 0.5 mm wide, both
pairs mucronulate at tip; corolla yellow or pale
cream, 2.8 cm long, glabrous, the tube suberect,
25 mm long, 2 mm wide at base, 5 mm at mouth,
the upper lip 2.5 mm long, the lobes 2 mm long
and 1 mm wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the middle lobe 2.5 mm in diameter, the lateral
lobes 2.5 mm long and 2 mm wide, all obtuse or
rounded; stamens reaching the tip of the upper
lip; anthers 2 mm long, arachnoid at tip; capsules
elliptic, light brown, 10 mm long, 2.5 mm in diameter,
nitid, minutely pitted; seeds 2.5 mm long, 3
mm wide at base, muricate.
TYPE.--W. H. Camp E-1371 (holotype US, isotype
NY ) , Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchepe, Cordillera CUtucu,
east-trending slope from top of ridge down
toward the Itzintza, 1440-1740 m alt, 17 Nov-5 Dec
1944.
DISTRIBUTION.-Rare, in underbrush at edge of
forest, in Ecuador and Peru. PERU. HUANUCO: Rio
Tulumayu, affluent of Rio Huallaga below Tingo
Maria, hacienda LaVega, 1000 m alt, 23 Oct 1947,
Fosberg 28846 (US).
Aphelandra carnpii is perhaps nearest in relationship
to A. jacobinioides Lindau, but differs
markedly in that its leaves and bracts are much
smaller and narrower and that its corolla lips are
considerably shorter.
130. Aphelandra acrensis Lindau
Aphelandra acrensis Lindau, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 196.
1914.
Decumbent herb, 10-20 cm high, the roots horizontal;
stem almost absent or extremely short;
leaves numerous from base; leaf blades elliptic, 5-9
cm long and 3.5-5.5 cm wide, slightly acuminate,
cordate at base, loosely hirsute, yellowish green
towards middle, the margins obscurely green, entire;
petioles 3-9 cm long, hirsute-pubescent; flowers
in a solitary, terminal, short, dense spike arising
at the base of the plant, the peduncle 6-8 cm long,
the rachis hirsute; bracts imbricate, ovate, 13 mm
long and 5 mm wide, acute, the tip obtuse, narrowed
at base, hirsute, 3-nerved, entire; bractlets
lanceolate, 6 mm long and 1 mm wide, similar to
the bracts; calyx segments puberulent, connate at
apex, the lateral segments 4 mm long and 1.3 mm
wide, the remaining segments 5 mm long and 1.5
mm wide; corolla white or rose, violet-spotted, 2.8
cm long, puberulent without, the tube 22 mm long,
basally 2.5 mm broad, narrowed to 2 mm at middle,
about 5 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip
sinuate, 6 mm long and 8 mm wide, the lower lip
3-lobed, the lobes subequal, about 7 mm long and
4 mm wide; filaments 6 mm long, glabrous; anthers
apically longmucronate: pollen grains typical,
42~-46p long, 23p-27p in diameter; ovary 2 mm
high, puberulous; style 20 mm long, sparingly pilose;
capsule glabrous, 8 mm long, 2 mm wide;
mature seeds not seen.
TypE.-u/e 9833 (syntype B, destroyed, F photo
8696, 18415), Brazil, Acre, Rio Acre in forest near
112 S.\lITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Porto Carlos, with flowers and capsules, Feb 1911;
Ule 9834 (syntype B, destroyed, isotype K), Brazil
Acre, S. Francisco near Seringal, with flowers, Sep
1911.
DISTRIsUTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality of Amazonian Brazil and Peru. PERU.
HUANUCO: Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 31 Ju1 1940,
Asplund 12651 (S); Supte, near Tingo Maria, 28
Aug 1940, Asplund 13372 (S); 10 km down stream
from Tingo Maria, 630 m alt, Stork Q Horton 9530
(F, K, NA, UC).
Aphelandra acrensis, according to Lindau, is
closely related to A. phrynioides, but A. phrynioides
is much larger and has much longer and extremely
narrowed leaves, denser inflorescences and longer
bracts.
131. Aphelandra diachyla Leonard
Aphelandra diachyla Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31.
714. 1958.
Herbs; stem glabrous, subquadrangular; leaf
blades oblanceolate, to 21 cm long and 5.8 cm wide,
short-acuminate, gradually narrowed from above
middle to base, moderately firm, entire, both sides
glabrous, the costa and veins (8-10 pairs) scarcely
prominent; petioles to 15 mm long and 1.5 mm
thick, glabrous; panicles terminal or subterminal,
about 12 cm long and 6 cm broad, the internode
between the 2 pairs of branches 3.5 cm long, the
peduncle 8 cm long, 1.75 mm thick, the flowers
solitary and sessile in the axils of the bracts, the
lower internodes of the flower-bearing branches 5-
19 mm long, the upper much shorter, the peduncles
glabrous, the rachises sparingly puberulent;
bracts oblanceolate, entire, 14 mm long and 4 mm
wide, narrowed from above the middle to a small
obtuse tip, glabrous, the veins obscure; bractlets
narrowly triangular, 2.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide
at base, ciliolate, the flat surfaces glabrous, the
costa and a pair of nerves conspicuous through
transmitted light; calyx 5 mm long, the segments
lanceolate, 1.25 mm wide near base, striate-nerved,
sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate at tip, otherwise
glabrous, conspicuously striate-nerved through
transmitted light; corolla glabrous, 1.5-2 cm long
(from base of tube to tip of corolla lobes), the
tube 9-10 mm long, 1.5 mm broad at base, slightly
enlarged over the ovary, narrowed to 0.75 mm near
tip, the mouth 2.5 mm broad, the corolla lobes
obovate, 7 mm long and 3 mm wide, obtuse, dellcately
nerved; stamens included, 2 mm long; filaments
slender, 0.5 mm long; ovary glabrous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.-J. Trz'ana s.n. (holotype K, isotype COL,
US photo 4655), Colombia, Choc6, San Pablo, Mar
1853.
DISTRIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality.
132. Aphelandra marginata Nees & Martius
FIGURES 41, 42
Aphelandra marginata Nees & Martius, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur.,
11:52. 1823.--Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:91. 1847; in de
Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847.
Large, shrubby, glabrate plant to 1 m high; stems
erect, terete, branching, canaliculate, glabrous, the
bark grayish white, marked with numerous fissures,
the internodes 5-10 cm long; leaf blades glabrous,
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6-8 cm long, 3-4 cm
wide, acute to obtuse at apex, narrowed and acute
at base, citron green, firm, entire, retusely margined,
the margins cartilaginous, finely ciliate, the
upper surface shining, reticulately veined, coriaceous
and rigid, the lower surface with the midrib
conspicuous, protruding, the lateral veins numerous,
reticulate; petioles 0.6-1.2 cm long, flattened,
canaliculate above, glabrous; flowers borne in terminal,
subsessile spikes, these 4-10 cm long and 1
cm wide (excluding corollas), the flowers congested,
the peduncle 0.6-1 cm long, glabrous, the
rachis glabrous; bracts small, ovate-lanceolate, 6 mm
long, 2 mm wide, striate-nerved, acuminate, truncate,
at base, puberulous without, the margins
entire, ciliolate; bractlets ovate-lanceolate, 4.5 mm
long, 2 mm wide, striate-nerved, puberulous without:
calyx green, 1 cm long, the segments basally
united, acute, lance-subulate, 5-nerved, puberulous,
the margins ciliolate, the posterior segment 2 mm
wide near base, the anterior pair 1.5 mm wide, the
lateral pair 1 mm wide; corolla showy, 5.5 cm long,
red, moderately puberulous intermixed with sparingly
and minutely glandular-pilose pubescence,
the tube slightly oblique, cylindric, 3 mm wide at
base, then narrowed to 1 mm at 7 mm above base,
thence gradually enlarged to 6.5 mm wide at
mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-lanceolate, 2.5
NUMBER 18 113
cm long and 1 cm wide, entire, obtuse to retuse,
the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal, the middle lobe
oblanceolate, 2.5 cm long, 5.5 mm wide, acute, the
lateral lobes oblong, 13 mm long, 2.5 mm wide,
obtuse; stamens exserted, almost reaching the tip
of the upper lip; anthers 3.5-4 mm long, apiculate
and recurved at both apex and base, dorsally pubescent;
filaments epipetalous to the narrow portion
of the corolla tube, glabrous except the
extreme upper portion, this sparingly puberulous;
ovary 3 mm long, glabrous; style 4 cm long, glabrous;
mature capsule not seen.
TypE.-?vfaximilian Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied s.n.
(holotype BR), Brazil, Bahia, Barra da Vareda,
1817.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-P~ana~to of eastern Brazil, in the
states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. BRAZIL. BAHIA:
Rodovia BR-4, 60 km N of state line between
Minas Gerais and Bahia, 25 Jun 1965, Bele'm 1194
(US); same locality, Bele'm 1217 (US). MINAS CERAIS:
Our0 Preto, 29 Jan 1965, Herringer 10291 (NY).
133. Aphelandra nuda Nees
Aphelandra nuda Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:89. 1847; in
de Candolle, Prodr. 11:301. 1847.
Large, showy, shrubby plant; stems subscandent,
terete, branching, glabrous, the internodes 5.5-1 1
cm long; leaf blades glabrous, oblong to narrowly
ovate, 13-15 cm long, 4.5-5 cm wide, acute to
acuminate, narrowed and acute at base, citron
green, firm, shining, the margins undulate, the
costa and lateral veins inconspicuous, the midrib
conspicuous, protruding, lateral veins numerous,
branching, reticulate; petioles 1-2 cm long, canaliculate,
glabrous; flowers borne in 1 or 2 terminal,
secund peduncled spikes, these 20-30 cm long, 1
cm wide (without corollas), the flowers distant,
lax, the peduncle 9-12 cm long, subquadrangular,
glabrous to sparingly puberulous, the rachis puberulous;
bracts minute, ovate, 3 mm long, 2 mm wide
at base, striate-nerved, acuminate, truncate at base,
puberulous and muricate without, the margins entire:
bractlets ovate, 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,
acute, striate-nerved, puberulous and muricate
without: calyx 6 mm long, the segments lanceolateovate,
striate-nerved, acuminate, puberulous and
muricate without, the margins ciliolate, the posterior
segment 2 mm wide near base, the anterior
pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm wide;
corolla red, about 6 cm long, puberulous, the tube
oblique, cylindric, 4.5 cm long, 3 mm wide at base,
then narrowed to 1.75 mm at 13 mm above base,
thence gradually enlarged to 6.5 mm wide at
mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-lanceolate, 14
mm long and 8 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 1 mm
long and 2 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed,
subequal, the middle lobe oblong, 15 mm long, 6
mm wide, retuse, the lateral lobes oblong, 12 mm
long, 2.5 mm wide, obtuse; anthers 6 mm long,
apiculate, dorsally pubescent; filaments epipetalous
low in the corolla tube, glabrous; ovary 4 mm long,
drying black, glabrous; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Gardner 1111 (holotype W, isotypes G,
K, F photo 26545, P), Brazil, Pernambuco, Recife
(Pernambuco), 1837.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Verified only from the typelocality.
Nees (1847a) states that this species was
also collected in Serra do OrgHos, Rio de Janeiro.
To date, no specimens of this species have been
reported from that second locality.
134. Aphelandra tomentosa Lindau
Aphelandra tomentosa Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 3:369.
1895.
Small scandent shrub; the branches tomentose
above, glabrate below; leaf blades oblong, 4-10
cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, acute at both ends, entire,
the upper surface scabrous, the hairs deciduous
except on the costa, the lower surface densely pilose,
particularly the costa and lateral veins, the hairs
about 2 mm long, whitish, occasionally reddish;
spikes one to several, terminal and axillary, sessile
or short peduncled, 1.5-2.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide,
the rachis pilose; bracts entire, ovate-lanceolate,
11-12 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, acute to slightly
obtuse, pilose without, rather inconspicuously 4-
nerved; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm long, 2-2.5 mm
wide, pilose without, carinate toward tip; the posterior
calyx segment 8 mm long and 3 mm wide, the
anterior segments 8.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide,
the lateral segments 7.5 mm long and 1 mm wide,
all subcoriaceous, acuminate, delicately nerved and
pilose at tip; corolla straw colored, pubescent
without, about 5 cm long, the tube 17 mm long,
2-3 mm in diameter at base, 5 mm broad at mouth,
the upper lip oblong, 17 mm long, 7 mm wide at
114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
base, entire, acute, the lower lip 19 mm long, 5
mm wide at base, the middle lobe 11 mm long,
3 mm wide, the lateral lobes 8 mm long, 1 mm
wide, all acute; filaments 30 mm long; anthers 5
mm long; pollen grains typical, 461.1-571.1 long,
34p-38p wide; ovary 1.5 mm long; style 3.5 cm
long.
TYPE.-Mo?.Z'tz 1669 (holotype B, destroyed, isotypes
K, P), Venezuela, Aragua, Colonia Tovar,
flowering May-June, 1852.
DISTRIBUTION.-Northern Andean Venezuela at
elevations between 750 and 2300 meters. VENEZUELA.
SUCRE: Peninsula de Paria, 750-800 m alt,
13 Aug 1966, Steyermark 6 Rabe 96414 (US, VEN).
ARAGUA: Parque Nacional Henry Pittier, 1500-1700
m alt, 20 Oct 1961, Steyermark 89778 (VEN, US);
Colonia Tovar, 1800-2000 m alt, Dec 1924, Allart
305 (US, VEN); Colonia Tovar, 2200 m alt, 21
Dec 1915, John 445 (US); near Colonia Tovar,
1854-1855, Fendler 814 (K, P). YARACUY: Cerro
Picacho, N of Nirgua, 1200-1360 m alt, 11 Mar
1967, Steyermark rl. Bunting 97635 (US); Cerro La
Chapa, to the north of Nirgua, 1200-1400 m alt,
9-10 Nov 1967, Steyermark, Bunting, 6 Wessels-
Boer 100297 (US). FALCON: Sierra de San Luis,
mountain of Paraguariba, between the Hotel Parador
and Curimagua, 1300 m alt, 21 Ju1 1967, Steyermark
99366 (VEN, US). MERIDA:2100 m alt,
Funck Q Schlim 923 (G, LE, P, F photo 26546):
Tabay, forest of the Isla and El Rincon, 2500-2700
m alt, 8 Sep 1930, Gehriger 424 (US, VEN); near
Tovar, Jan 1958, Aristeguieta 2968 (K, US, VEN);
mountain of San Jacinto, on N side of Rio Chama,
opposite Merida, 2195-2375 m alt, 19 May 1944,
Steyermark 56685 (US, VEN); lower slopes of El
Toro, 2300 m alt, 15 Nov 1952, Bernardi 71 (NY).
135. Aphelandra hapala Wasshausen
Aphelandra hapala Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:466. 1973.
Herb, 1.2-1.8 m high; stems subquadrangular,
densely strigose above, the hairs yellowish brown;
leaf blades elliptic, 19-23 cm long, 8-9 cm wide,
acuminate at both ends, the upper surface olivaceous,
subnitid, glabrous, the lower surface yellowish
green, densely hirsute, the costa and lateral
veins (1 1-13 pairs) conspicuous beneath, densely
strigose; petioles (unwinged portion) 3-4 cm long,
sparingly strigose; flowers borne in a terminal,
peduncled, lax, spike, 10-12 cm long (withoct
corollas), 2 cm wide, the peduncle 6-6.5 cm long,
both rachis and peduncle densely strigillose with
yellowish hairs; bracts triangular-ovate, 8 mm long
and 5 mm wide at base, slenderly acuminate, terminating
in a small spine, entire, glabrous toward
base within, otherwise hirsutulous with yellowish
hairs, ciliolate; bractlets triangular-ovate, 8 mm
long and 4 mm wide, abruptly and slenderly acuminate,
spine-tipped, rounded at base, somewhat
carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly hirtellous, the
margins ciliolate; calyx segments oblong-ovate,
spine-tipped, glabrous or minutely and rather sparingly
puberulent, striate-nerved, the nerves callose
below, the margins ciliolate, the posterior segment
12 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, abruptly acuminate, the
anterior and lateral pairs 12 mm long, 2.5-4 mm
wide, acute; corolla orange, hirtellous, 4.5-5.2 cm
long, the tube 3.5 cm long, 3.5 mm wide at base,
6 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, 17 mm
long, 2-lobed, the lobes obovate, 6 mm long and
5 mm wide, short-acuminate, the lower lip 14 mm
long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe elliptic, 12 mm long
and 6 mm wide, the lateral lobes 14 mm long, 4
mm wide, all obtuse; stamens about equaling the
corolla in length: anthers 6 mm long, mucronulate
at base; ovary 4 mm long, glabrous; capsule not
seen.
TYPE.-R. Ferreyra 1670 (holotype US, isotype
GH), Peru, Loreto, Divisoria, 1600-1800 m alt,
28 Feb 1947.
DISTRIBUTION.-Known only from the typelocality.
A. hapala superficially resembles A. Zuyensis. In
A. Zuyensis though, the leaf blades are finely serrate
and spine-tipped and the corollas scarlet with
yellow tubes. In A. hapala, the leaf blades are entire
and the corollas orange.
136. Aphelandra colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard
Aphelandra colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard. Contrib. US.
Nat. Herb. 31:196. 1953.
Suffrutescent; stems to 1.3 m high, subterete, glabrous
to sparingly hirtellous to moderately hirtellous
at the nodes, sparingly branched; leaf blades
narrowly oblong-elliptic, to 12 cm long and 3 cm
NUMBER 18 115
wide, acuminate, the tip often curved, narrowed at
base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous,
entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrate or
the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) of both
surfaces hirtellous; petioles to 2.5 cm long, slender,
more or less hirtellous; spikes several, terminal,
subsessile, crowded, forming a headlike cluster 8
cm long and 5 cm wide, these subtended by a pair
of leaflike bracts about 7 cm long and 8 mm wide,
the rachis angled, finely puberulous; bracts ascending,
closely imbricate, entire, oblong-lanceolate, 22-
25 mm long, 6 mm wide slightly below the middle,
acute, narrowed toward base, submembranaceous,
puberulous, ciliate, the costa and lateral nerves
barely prominent; bractlets narrowly lanceolate,
11 mm long, 1 mm wide at base, carinate, striatenerved,
puberulous toward tip; calyx segments subequal,
subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, sparingly puberulous
toward tip, the posterior segment
lanceolate, rather abruptly acuminate, ciliolate at
tip, a few of the hairs sometimes glandular, the
anterior and lateral segments narrowly lanceolate,
sparingly ciliolate, the anterior ones 1.5 mm wide
near base, the lateral ones 1 mm wide; corolla dark
scarlet, to 6 cm long, rather densely pubescent, the
tube 2 mm broad at base, 5 mm broad at mouth,
the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 2 cm long, 9 mm
wide near base, acute, the lower lip 3-parted to
base, spreading or reflexed, subequal, oblanceolate,
about 18 mm long and 4 mm wide, obscurely veiny;
stamens exserted about 15 mm beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube; anthers linear, straight or
slightly curved, about 5 mm long and 0.5 mm wide,
acute at base, subobtuse and hairy at tip; filaments
slender, glabrous; style sparingly and more or less
retrorsely strigillose; ovary pilose at tip; capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-F. C. Lehmann 7440 (holotype K, US
photo 3636), Colombia, Cauca, in dense brushwood
formations on the Altos de Mismis above SupiA,
1700-2000 m alt, Ju1 1891. A specimen of Lehmann’s
no. 7440 was in the Berlin Herbarium
(F photo 8662); this sheet bore in Lindau’s handwriting
his determination “Aphelandra colombiensis
n. sp.”
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. CAUCA: Above Arrayanal
on the Rio Rivasalda, 1800-2000 m alt, Oct 1883,
Lehmann 3314 (LE).
137. Aphelandra steyermarkii Wasshausen
FIGURES 54, 55
Aphelandra steyermarkii Wasshausen, Phytologia 253488. 1973.
Shrub; stems subquadrangular, strigillose above
glabrate below; leaf blades elliptic to oblong, 11-
15 cm long, 3.5-5 cm wide, acuminate, gradually
narrowed at base, membranaceous, entire, the upper
surface inconspicuously strigillose, dark green,
the lower surface pale green, strigillose, particularly
the costa and lateral veins (about 7 pairs),
these rather prominent beneath but obscure above;
petioles 1.5-3 cm long, strigillose; spike short, solitary,
terminal, sessile or short peduncled, 2-2.5 cm
long, 1-1.5 cm wide (excluding corollas), the
rachis densely sericeous; bracts lanceolate, 18-20
mm long, 4-6 mm wide, acuminate, cuneate at
base, entire, densely sericeous without, glabrous
within, obscurely nerved; bractlets lanceolate, 9-10
mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, densely sericeous without,
glabrous within; calyx 5-6 mm long, acute,
the posterior segment 3 mm wide, the anterior
segments 2 mm wide, the lateral segments 1.5 mm
wide, all striate-nerved, inconspicuously sericeous
without, finely ciliolate at tip; corolla orange, glabrous
except the limb, these finely pubescent, 5.5-6
cm long, the tube narrowly funnelform, 2 mm
broad at base, the tube 40 mm long, 7 mm broad
at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 20 mm long,
10 mm wide at base, inconspicuously and minutely
bilobed at tip, the lower lip erect or spreading,
3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong, 22 mm long, 7 mm
wide at base, acute, the lateral lobes linear, 12 mm
long, 1.5 mm wide, adnate in part to the upper
lip; stamens exserted 16 mm beyond the mouth of
the corolla tube; anthers 4.5 mm long, 0.75 mm
broad, acute at both ends, glabrous; filaments 45
mm long, glabrous; style 55 mm long, glabrous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Steyermark-ASostini 1 (holotype US, isotypes
NY, VEN), Venezuela, Aragua, Parque Nacional
Henry Pittier, on Pic0 Periquito, 1250-1600
m alt, 4 Sep 1960.
DIsTRIsuTI0N.-Known only from the typelocality.
VENEZUELA. ARAGUA: Parque Nacional
Henry Pittier (Rancho Grande), road to El Portachuelo,
3 Sep 1965, Castellanos ?2 (VEN); Parque
Nacional Henry Pittier, 1956, Herb. Nac. Venezuela
40115.
116 SMITHSOSIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Aphelandra steyermarkii is somewhat like A.
tomentosa, but that species has smaller leaf blades,
shorter, acute to slightly obtuse, pilose bracts,
shorter corollas (5 cm long), and an entire upper
lip.
138. Aphelandra lasiophylla Leonard
Aphelandra lasiophylla Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
31:192. 1953.
Shrubs; stems terete, densely strigose, the hairs
light brown, 0.5 mm long; leaf blades oblong
elliptic, to 28 cm long and 10 cm wide, shortacuminate
at apex, narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, coriaceous, entire or undulate, the
upper surface glabrous to sparingly strigose, the
lower surface densely brown pilose to subtomentose,
to 1 mm long, the costa and lateral veins
(about 15 pairs) prominent below, less so above;
petioles to 1.5 cm long and 3 mm in diameter,
densely brown-pilose to subtomentose; spikes terminal,
solitary, subsessile, about 13 cm long and
1.5 cm broad, loosely imbricate, the rachis silverypubescent;
bracts narrowly ovate, 15 mm long, 7
mm wide near base, acute, coriaceous, entire, glabrous,
sparingly ciliolate, the costa and lateral
nerves obscure, glandular area wanting; bractlets
lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide near base, acute, carinate,
dorsally white-tomentose except a narrow marginal
area, this glabrous, subhyaline and striate; calyx
14 mm long, the segments coriaceous, obscurely
striate, acute, finely pubescent, the posterior segment
oblonglanceolate, 5 mm wide near base, the
anterior pair lanceolate, 3 mm wide near base, the
lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, 2.5 mm wide at
base; corolla (very immature) finely pubescent at
least 3 cm long; ovary glabrous.
TYPE.--J. Triana s.n. (holotype COL), Columbia,
Antioquia, 1300 m alt, May 1852.
locality.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from the type-
139. Aphelandra limbatifolia Lindau
FIGURE 29
Aphelandra limbatifolia Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 2 (4):
323. 1904.
Shrub about 1 m high; branches pubescent when
young, glabrate in age; leaf blades elliptic, 14-20
cm long, 5-7 cm wide, acuminate at apex, narrowed
at base, glabrous to sparingly pilose above, the
costa of the lower surface pilose, the margin cartilaginous,
ciliate, undulate; petiole 1 cm long, pilose;
spike short, terminal, few-flowered; bracts ovate,
15 mm long, 6 mm wide, acuminate, entire, puberulent;
bractlets sublanceolate, 20 mm long, 4
mm wide, scarious, puberulent; calyx lobes unequal,
lanceolate, scarious, ciliolate at apex, the
posterior segment 16 mm long and 4 mm wide,
the anterior pair 14 mm long and 3 mm wide, the
lateral pair 10 mm long and 2 mm wide; corolla
pale purple, 6.4 cm long, puberulent, the tube 4.5
cm long, 3 mm wide at base, 5 mm wide at mouth,
the upper lip 19 mm long, the tip divided into two
acute lobes 6 mm long and 5 mm wide, the lower
lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe rotund, 15 mm long
and Y mm wide, the lateral lobes lanceolate, 5 mm
long and 1 mm wide; stamens about as long as the
corolla: anthers 6 mm long, dorsally pilose; filaments
pilose to center; pollen grains typical,
65p-7Op long, 3Op-35p diameter; ovary glabrous,
1.5 mm high; style 57 mm long, glabrous; capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 1200 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 866Y), Peru, Puno, on road between
Sandia and Chunchusmayo near Tambo,
1000 m alt, 23 Jun 1902.
DIsTRIBUT1oN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. PERU. PUNO: Carabaya, trail Santo
Domingo to Machu, 1400 m alt, 30 May-1 Jun
1942, Metcalf 30654 (UC); Carabaya, hacienda
Quillabamba-Sangasi, 1000 m alt, 13 Oct 1957,
Vargas 17577 (US).
Aphelandra limbatifolia is easily distinguished
by the peculiar limbate border of the leaf blades
and the short spikes. This description was compiled
in part from the original and a photo of the
type*
140. Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard
Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
31:716. 1958.
Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, densely pilose,
to 3 m high, the hairs sordid, to 2 mm long; leaf
blades oblong, to 7 cm long and 2.2 cm wide, shortacuminate,
the tip subobtuse, narrowed at base,
NUMBER 18 117
firm, entire, pilose, sordid, confined chiefly to the
costa and lateral veins (about 10 pairs), these rather
prominent beneath but obscure above; petioles to
1 cm long, densely pilose; spikes usually 3, terminal
and subterminal, to 4 cm long and 2 cm broad
(excluding corollas), the peduncle of the terminal
spike about 1 cm long, those of the lateral spikes
3-4 cm long, all densely and sordidly pilose, the
rachis moderately pilose, furrowed; bracts lanceolate,
16 mm long, 5 mm wide, the lower half pilose,
the hairs to 2 mm long, the upper half glabrate
just below the tip, entire, ciliate, obscurely nerved;
bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm long, 1.5 mm wide,
sparingly pilose dorsally, ciliate, delicately nerved;
calyx 8 mm long, acute, glabrous, the posterior
segment 3 mm wide, the anterior segments 1.5 mm
wide, the lateral segments 1 mm wide, finely ciliolate
at tip, striate-nerved; corolla orange or yellow,
the lower part glabrous, the upper part finely pubescent,
4 cm long from base of tube to tip of
upper lip, the tube narrowly funnelform, 2.5 mm
broad at base, 4-5 mm broad at mouth, the upper
lip erect, ovate, 4 mm wide at base, 6 mm wide at
middle, subacute, the lower lip 17 mm long, 5 mm
wide at base, erect to spreading, 3-lobed, the middle
lobe lanceolate, 12 mm long, 3.5 mm wide just
below middle, the lateral lobes linear, 10 mm long,
1.5 mm wide; stamens exserted 12 mm beyond the
mouth of the corolla; anthers 4.5 mm long, 0.75
mm broad, acute at both ends, glabrous; filaments
glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Grant, Killip, Q Fosberg 9124 (holotype
US, isotype US), Colombia, Cundinamarca, between
Sibate and Fusagasuga, 35 km SW of Bogotia,
Cordillera Oriental, 2650 m alt, 30 Apr 1944.
DIsTRIsUTIo?J.-Andean Colombia in the department
of Cundinamarca. COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA:
Highway Villeta to Utica, 800-1450 m alt, 15
NOV 1959. Gnlcia-Rnrliga 17201 (COL, US).
141. Aphelandra verticillata Nees ex Hemsley
FIGURE 18
Aphelandra verticilla,ta Nees ex Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2:513. 1882 [nom. nov.1.-Nees in de Candolle, Prodr.
11:281. 1847 [as synonym].
Crossandra haenkeana Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:281.
1847 [non Aphelandra haenkeana Nees].
Shrub or suffrutescent herb to 1.2 m high; stems
basally quadrangular, later becoming somewhat
terete, elongated, glabrous to white-villous; leaf
blades quaternate, ovate, the upper narrowly ovateoblong,
7-9.5 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, acuminate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
entire, the upper surface drying dark green, moderately
puberulous interspersed with a few pilose
hairs, the costa and lateral veins (usually 7-11
pairs) plane or slightly elevated, more prominent
on the lower surface, this drying light green or
olive, moderately puberulous, the hairs evenly distributed
or confined chiefly to the costa and lateral
veins; petioles (unwinged portion) about 2 mm
long, puberulous; spikes terminal, solitary, 4-9 cm
long, 2 cm wide (excluding corollas), the rachis
angled, puberulous; bracts lance-ovate to oblong,
15-17 mm long and 5-6 mm wide, striate-nerved,
acuminate or cuspidate, the cusp about 0.5 mm
long, sparingly pubescent both within and without,
the margins entire, pilose; bractlets linearlanceolate,
17-18 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, arktate,
striate-nerved, glabrous within, minutely
puberulous without, the margins pilose; calyx segments
similar to the bracts, subequal, linearlanceolate,
17-18 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, aristate.
mucronate, the mucro about 0.5 mm long, striatenerved,
the pubescence similar to that of the bractlets;
corolla yellow, glabrous to sparingly puberulous,
3.5-4 cm long, the tube 2 cm long, 3.5 mm
wide at base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm
at mouth, the upper lip erect, 12 mm long, 4.5 mm
wide,, deeply bifid, the lobes elliptic, 4.5 mm long,
2 mm wide, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
all obtuse or rounded, the middle lobe obovate, 12
mm long, 5 mm wide, the lateral lobes elliptic, 11
mm long, 3.5 mm wide; stamens exserted about 1
cm beyond mouth of the corolla tube, almost
reaching the upper lip; the filaments 25 mm long,
glabrous or sparingly puberulent; the anthers 2.5
mm long, recurved at apex, united apically by long
weak hairs; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Haenhe s.n. (holotype PR), Mexico.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Endemic to Mexico. MEXICO.
MEXICO: Temascaltepec, Ypericones, 1500 m ah,
19 Dec 1832, Hinton 2971 ( K , US). MICHOACAN:
Zitacuaro, Zitaicuaro-Enandio, 1850 m alt, 26 Nov
1938, Hinton 13486 (K, US, W ) . GUERRERO: 36-38
km from Iguala on road to Teloloapan, near Los
Sabinos, 5 Nov 1949, Moore 5503 (US); Sierra
Madre del Sur, N of Rio Balsas, Temisco, rocky
118 SMITHSOXIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
canon of Rio Achotla, 250-550 m alt, 26 Nov 1937,
Mexia 8904 pro parte (US).
142. Aphelandra lutibracteata Wasshausen
Aphelandra latibracteata Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:468. 1973.
Shrub 0.6-1.2 m high; stems minutely puberulent;
leaf blades elliptic to oblong, 30-34 cm long,
9-11 cm wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, glabrous
or the costa and lateral veins (11-13 pairs)
bearing a few appressed hairs, the margins entire;
petioles to 1.5 cm long, canaliculate, minutely
puberulent; spikes stout, one or several, terminal,
subsessile, 12.5-14 cm long, 2.5-3 cm broad, the
peduncle about 1 cm long, it and the rachis glabrous
or minutely and sparingly puberulent; bracts
red, obovate, 16-18 mm long, 12-13 mm wide,
rounded at apex, glabrous, subhyaline, striatenerved,
the margins entire; bractlets oblong, 10
mm long, 3.5 mm wide, acute, striate-nerved,
minutely puberulous without; calyx segments triangular,
subequal, 8-1 0 mm long, the posterior
segment 3.5 mm wide near base, the anterior pair
3 mm wide, the lateral pair 2.5 mm wide, all acute,
striate-nerved, glabrous or minutely and inconspicuously
puberulous, the margins ciliolate; corolla
(immature) whitish, puberulent, 3 cm long, the
tube 1.5 cm long, 4 mm wide at base, enlarged to
7 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, 1-1.5 cm
long, 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle
lobe missing, the lateral lobes oblong, about 5 mm
long, 2 mm wide, obtuse; stamens almost reaching
the upper lip; anthers 5 mm long, pubescent;
stigma infundibular, 3 mm wide.
TYPE.-R. Ferreyra 1908 (holotype US), Peru.
Huan uco, Leoncio Prado, Rio Supte, near Tingo
Maria, 700-800 m alt, 9 Mar 1947.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. PERU. HUANUCO: Puerto Inca,
Bosque National de Iparia, 500-600 m alt, 12 Dec
1968, Schunke 2863 (F, US); southwestern slope of
the Rio LlullaPichis watershed, on the ascent of
Cerros del Sira, 250 m alt, 21 Jun 1969, Wolfe
12109 (F, hTA).
Aphelandra latibracteata is not nearly allied to
the other species. It superficially resembles A. Ziboniana
from southern Brazil; however, this species
has shorter leaf blades, much longer bracts, and a
larger, yellow (red toward apex) corolla.
143. Aphelandra montis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger
FIGURE 13
Aphelandra rnontis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger, Verh. Bot. Ver.
Brand. 47:188. 1905.
Shrub to 2 m high; branches woody, smooth; leaf
blades 12-18 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, obtusely acuminate,
cuneate at base, subcoriaceous, glabrous,
entire; petioles 2-3 cm long; spikes short, 1-2 cm
long, few-flowered, in the axils of the upper leaves
forming a thyrse, the peduncles to 3 cm long, sparingly
pilose; bracts obcordate, 10 mm long, 4 mm
wide at base, 8 mm wide at tip, minutely pilose,
entire, parallel-nerved; bractlets ovate, 5 mm long,
2 mm wide, obtuse, minutely pilose; calyx segments
ovate, glabrous, the posterior segment 6 mm long,
3 mm wide, the anterior 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide,
the lateral 5.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; corolla
red, 4.1 cm long, the tube obconical, 37 mm long,
2 mm wide at base, 7 mm at middle, 9 mm at
mouth, the lobes rounded, the upper lip 4 mm in
diameter, the lower lip 3 mm; stamens 25 mm
long, exserted; anthers 4 mm long: pollen grains
typical, 60p long, 30p diameter; style 4.5 cm long.
pilose at base.
TYPE.--,!?. UZe 6558 (holotype B, lost, F photo
8675, isotype K), Peru, Loreto, Cerro do Escaler,
1200 m alt, Nov 1902.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
A close affinity evidently exists between this and
A. jacobinioides. In this latter species, however, the
corolla is orange instead of red, the corolla tube
about 5 mm longer, and the posterior calyx segment
truncate, and thus dissimilar to the lateral
and anterior segments. In A. montis-scalaris all
the calyx segments are ovate.
144. Aphelandra stephanophysa Nees
Aphelandra stephanophysa Nees in Martius, F1. Bras. 9:90.
Aphelandra Zutea Nees var. angustifolia Glaziou, Bull. SOC.
1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:300. 1847.
Bot. France, 58, Mkm. 3f:534. 1911.
Erect, suffrutescent shrub, about 1 m high; stem
NUMBER 18 119
terete, glabrous or puberulous; leaf blades oblong,
13.5-22 cm long, the lower about 4.5 cm wide, the
upper 2.5-3 cm wide, acuminate, the tip rounded,
narrowed at base and cuneately decurrent on the
petiole, thin, glabrous and deep green above, the
costa and lateral veins (about 10-12 pairs) usually
variegated yellow, the margins somewhat repand,
the lower surface drying a lighter green, glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins, these puberulous;
petioles (unwinged portion) 0.5-1 cm long,
the pubescence similar to that of the stem; flowers
on solitary, terminal, pedunculate spikes, these 4-6
cm long, 1.5 cm wide (without flowers), the peduncle
1-3.5 cm long, puberulous, the bracts imbricate,
not notably spreading with age; bracts yellow,
oblong to obovate, 12-15 mm long, 9-10 mm wide
just above the middle, obtuse, slightly narrowed
and cuneate at base, firm, &nerved, glabrous and
glandular-puncticulate without, the margins entire;
bractlets lance-subulate, 7.5 mm long, 2 mm wide,
carinate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, puberulous and
sparingly glandular-puncticulate without, the margins
ciliolate; calyx 8.5 mm long, the segments
lanceolate, subequal, striate-nerved, subhyaline,
glabrous and sparingly glandular-puncticulate, the
margins ciliolate, the posterior segment 2.75 mm
wide near the middle, slightly shorter than the
remaining segments, the anterior pair 1.75 mm
wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm wide; corolla red,
3 cm long, well exserted beyond the subtending
bracts, sparingly glandular-puncticulate, the tube
erect, 3 mm wide at base, thence gradually enlarged
to 6 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect,
oblong, 4 mm long and 4 mm wide, bifid, the lobes
2'mm long and 2 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip
3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle lobe ovate,
4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, obtuse, the lateral lobes
oblong, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse, erect;
stamens included; filaments flattened, smooth; anthers
5 mm long, obtuse, acute at base; style included,
filiform, stigma narrow, not infundibular;
mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.--Langsdorfl s.n. (holotype LE), Brazil,
Rio de Janeiro, in forest, near Macahe, Jun.
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from around the
type-locality. In state of Rio de Janeiro, between
hlacahe and Novo Friburgo. BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO:
Alto Macahe, 12 Mar 1870, Gluziou 4165
(P, holotvpe of A. lutea Nees var. angustifozia
Glaziou, F photo 22155, isotype K); forests of Alto
da Serra near Novo Friburgo, 22 Jan 1898; Ule
4588 (HBG) ; Organ Mts., Rio de Janeiro, Miem
400.2 (K).
145. Aphelandra madrensis Lindau
FIGURES 22, 23
Apkelandra madrensis Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 11. 4:326.
1904.--Standley, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1336. 1926.
Shrub 2-4 m high; branches glabrous to sparingly
pubescent at tip; leaf blades oblong to ovate,
10-22 cm long, to 7 cm broad, obtusely acuminate,
rather abruptly narrowed into the slender, winged
petioles, 3-7 cm long, reticulately veined, entire or
undulate, the upper surface glabrous to sparingly
pubescent, the costa and lateral veins (10-12 pairs)
more prominent on the lower surface, where they
are plane or slightly elevated, and moderately pubescent
chiefly on the costa and lateral veins;
petioles (unwinged portion) about 2 cm long, glabrous
to sparingly puberulent; spikes terminal,
solitary or several, 10-15 cm long, 2 cm broad
(excluding corollas ), the rachis angular, densely
glandular-pubescent; bracts closely imbricate or
spreading with age, sometimes drying purplish red,
ovate, 17 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, acuminate to
acute, obscurely nerved, more or less glandularpuberulent
both within and without, the margins
entire, densely glandular pilose, especially the tip;
bractlets linear-lanceolate, 10-13 mm long, 1-2 mm
wide, aristate, carinate, striate-nerved, glandularpubescent
without, glabrous within; calyx segments
subequal, linear-lanceolate, aristate, prominently
striate-nerved, glandular-puberulent, the posterior
segment 12 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the anterior
and lateral pairs 13-15 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide;
corolla orange to red, puberulent, 3.54 cm long,
the tube 2.8-3 cm long, 4 mm in diameter at base,
enlarged to 7 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect,
obovate, about 7 mm long and 6 mm wide, minutely
2-lobed or obcordate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the
lobes all rounded, the middle lobe obovate, 10 mm
long and 8 mm broad, the lateral lobes elliptic,
8 mm long and 5 mm broad; stamens exserted
about 5 mm beyond mouth of the corolla tube; the
filaments 25 mm long, glandular-pilose; the anthers
truncate both apically and basally, 3-3.5 mm long,
glabrous, united apically by long weak hairs; pollen
grains typical, 45p-55p long, 30p-38p in diam120
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
eter; staminode filiform, 2 mm long, pilose; style
about 30 mm long, pilose; the stigma bifid, 1 mm
long; capsule 1.5 mm long, 6 mm in diameter,
shortly stipitate, puberulent.
TYPE.-E. Langlasse 806 (holotype B, destroyed,
isotypes K, US), Mexico, Guerrero, Sierra Madre,
1600 m alt, 27 Jan 1899.
DISTRIBUTION.-Mexico, found usually in canyons
along streams just above coastal areas in the states
of Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Michoacan. MEXICO. SINALOA:
Balboa, Jan 1923, Ortega 5023 (US). JALISco:
S of Puerto Vallarta, 26 Nov 1926, Mexia 1134
(US); Santa Cruz de Vallarta, 700 m alt, 9 Dec
1926, Mexia 1259 (US). MICHOACAN: Coalcoman,
Aquila, 300 m alt, 27 Oct 1941, Hinton 16042 (US);
3 Nov 1941, Hinton 16062 (K, NY, P, UC, US);
Tizupan, 10 m alt, 9 Apr 1941, Hinton 15912 (US);
S. Naranjillo, 25 Nov 1938, Hinto 12675 ( K , US).
146. Aphelandra lineariloba Leonard
FIGURE 25
Aphelandra lineariloba Leonard, Kew Bull. 1938:63. 1938.
Shrub to 3 m high; the stems terete, glabrous or
the tips strigillose; leaf blades oblong-ovate, to 12
cm long and 5 cm wide, acuminate, narrowed at
base and decurrent on the petiole, entire, firm,
both surfaces sparingly hirtellous to glabrate, the
hairs of the lower surface confined chiefly to the
costa and lateral nerves (8-10 pairs); petioles
slender, to 2.5 cm long, glabrous to strigillose; flowers
in terminal or subterminal spikes 10-30 cm long
and 2 cm in diameter, the racliis finely glandularpubescent;
bracts obovate, 15-17 mm long, 8-10
mm wide, obtuse to acute, ending in a mucro
0.5 mni long, often purplish, imbricate, entire,
obscurely 3-nerved, both surfaces glandularpubescent;
bractlets lanceolate, 12-13 mm long,
2-3 mm wide near base, veiny, carinate, both surfaces
glandular-pubescent, the costa prominent;
calyx segments subequal, striate-nerved, glandularpubescent
without, glabrous within, the posterior
segment lanceolate, 14 mm long and 4 mm wide,
the anterior pair narrowly lanceolate, 13-15 mm
long and 2.5 mm wide, long acuminate, the lateral
pair narrowly lanceolate, 13 mm long and 2.5 mm
wide, long acuminate; corollas 3-4 cm long, purple,
glandular-puberulous, the tube gradually enlarged
from 4.5 mm at base to 6 mm at mouth, the lips
1 cm long, the upper lip erect, ovate, 12 mm long,
9 mm wide at base, 2-lobed, the lobes 0.5 mm long,
1 mm wide at base, acute, the lower lip %lobed,
the middle lobe linear-lanceolate, 10 mm long, 2
mm wide, the lateral lobes subulate, 8 mrn long,
1.5 mm wide; stamens reaching the throat of the
corolla, the shorter filament of each pair glabrous
or bearing a few hairs near the base, the longer
bearing a line of spreading hairs to 0.5 mrn long;
anthers 2.5 mm long, glabrous; ovary 3.5 mm long,
glabrous; capsule ovoid, about 17 mm long, 7 mm
wide, obtuse, densely brownish-puberulous, 4-
seeded; retinacula 2 mm long, cucullate; seeds flat,
suborbicular, 3.5 mm in diameter, densely hirtellous.
TYPE.-G. B. Hinton 7412 (holotype K, isotype
US), Mexico, Mexico, Temascaltepec, Villaneda,
22 Feb 1935.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-SoutheaStern Mexico in the states
of Mexico, Michoacan, and Guerrero. MEXICO.
M~XICO: Temascaltepec, Acatitlan, 16 Dec 1933,
Hinton 3156 (K, US). MICHOACAN: Coalcoman,
Coalcoman, 1000 m alt, 8 Jan 1939, Hinton 12881
(US); 16 Mar 1939, Hinton 13623 (US); Huizontla,
600 m alt, 15 Mar 1941, Hinton 15794 (F, K, P,
UC, US, W). GUERRERO: Achotla, 900 m alt, 1
Jan 1927, Reko 5047 (US); Vallecitos, Montes de
Oca, 9 Dec 1937, Hinton 11648 (K, US); Sierra
Madre del Sur, N of Rio Balsas, Adama, Temisco,
600 m alt, 6 Dec 1937, Mexk 8952 (US).
147. Aphelandra iacobinioides Lindau
FIGURE 15
Aphelandra jacobinioides Lindau, Fedde Repert. Xov. Sp.
1:156. 1905.
Shrub to 4 m high; branches puberulent above,
becoming glabrate below; leaf blades oblongelliptic,
16-20 cm long, 6-8 cm wide, acuminate,
gradually narrowed at base, glabrous, thin, entire;
petioles 1-3 cm long, pubescent; spikes axillary and
terminal, short, few-flowered, congested at the tips
of the branches, the peduncles 1-2 cm long, pubescent;
bracts broadly ovate, 10 mm long and 9 mm
wide, glabrous, truncate, submucronate, entire;
bractlets lanceolate, 6 mm long and 1.5 mm wide,
obtuse, pilose at tip; posterior calyx segment trunNUMBER
IS 121
cate, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, anterior pair lanceolate,
5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair
5 mm long and 1 mm wide, all pilose at apex;
corolla orange to yellow, 4.8 cm long, glabrous,
except pilose within at base, the tube suberect, 4.2
cm long, 2.5 mm wide at base, 16 mm wide at
mouth, the upper lip 6 mm long, the 2 lobes 3 mm
long and 4 mm wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-
lobed, the middle lobe 5 mm in diameter, the
lateral lobes 5 mm long and 4 mm wide; filaments
40 mm long, pilose at base; anthers 5 mm long,
dorsally pilose; pollen grains typical, 77p-88p long,
271-1-35p diameter; ovary 2 mm high; style 5.5 cm
long, exserted; capsule clavate, 1.5 cm long, 0.5 cm
wide, blunt at tip, nitid, glabrous; seeds dark
brown, flat, suborbicular, 3 mm in diameter, sparingly
papillose.
TYPE.-A. Weberbauer 4663 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8666), Peru, San Martin, Moyobamba,
1300-1400 m alt, 28 Aug 1904.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Southern Ecuador and northern
Peru, between elevations of 150-1750 m. ECUADOR.
SANTIAGO-ZAMORA: Cordillera Cutucu, ca. 2"40'S,
78"W, east-tending slope from top of ridge down
toward the Itzintza, 1400-1750 m alt, 17 Nov-5 Dec
1944, Camp 1370, 1372 (NY, US). PERU. LORETO:
Alto Amazonas, Balsapuerto, 220 m alt, Jan 1933,
Klug 2847 (US, NY); Balsapuerto (lower Rio
Huallaga basin), 150-350 m alt, 28-30 Aug 1929,
Killip Q Smith 28617. SAN MARTIN: Moyobamba,
600 m alt, Aug 1938, Sandeman 162 (K); Zepelacio,
near Moyobamba, 1100 m alt, May 1934, Klug
3615 (G, K, NY, US). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY:
Probably Loreto or San Martin, July 1938, Sandeman
s.n. (K).
Aphelandra jacobinioides is well marked by its
truncate bracts and truncate posterior calyx segments.
148. Aphelandra phlogea Leonard
Aphelandra phlogea Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:
189. 1953.
Shrub to 2 m high; stems subterete, glabrous, or
sparingly puberulous above; leaf blades oblongelliptic,
10-19 cm long, 3.5-6.5 cm wide, rather
slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, entire, firm, the upper surface
glabrate or bearing a few scattered hairs, except on
the costa and lateral veins (8-10 pairs), these sparingly
strigose, the hairs appressed, to 0.5 mm long,
the lower surface drying a lighter olive than the
upper, puberulous, the hairs borne on the costa
and veins barely 0.5 mm long, the others much
smaller; petioles (unwinged portion) 1-2 cm long,
including the winged portion to 6 cm long, puberulous;
spikes 1 to several, terminal and subterminal,
including flowers about 12 cm long and 2.5 cm
broad, bracts ascending to appressed, the rachis
densely white-pilose, some of the hairs glandtipped,
terminal spike subsessile, the peduncles of
the lateral ones to 2 cm long, densely puberulous;
bracts lanceolate, 15 mm long and 10 mm wide or
the lowermost somewhat larger, entire, acute to
acuminate, densely white glandular-pilose, the hairs
0.5-2 mm long; bractlets lanceolate, 18 mm long,
3.5 mm wide, acuminate, glandular-pilose; calyx
about 17 mm long, indurated at base, the posterior
segment 4 mm wide, the anterior pair 2 mm wide,
the lateral pair barely 3 mm wide, all striate-nerved,
glandular-puberulous; corolla 5 cm long, orangered,
moderately pubescent, the tube 3 cm long,
slightly curved, 4 mm broad near the base, slightly
restricted at tip of ovary, thence gradually enlarged
to 6 mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 17
mm long, 10 mm wide, emarginate, the notch about
1 mm deep, the lower lip spreading, the middle
lobe oval, about 2 cm long and 13 mm wide, the
lateral ones oblong, 1 cm long and 4 mm wide, all
rounded; stamens slightly exserted beyond the upper
lip; anthers 5.5 mm long, slightly webby-pilose
and adhering at their tips; filaments pubescent or
the two longer ones glabrous above: ovary glabrous;
capsules not seen.
TYPE.-Haught 3944 (holotype US), Colombia,
Magdalena, in forest near stream above Manaure,
800 m alt, 16 Jan 1944.
DIsTRIBUTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. MAGDALENA: Sierra de
Perija, eastern of Manaure, Hacienda Nuevo Horizonte,
El Podrido, forest, 1550-1600 m alt, 15-16
Nov 1959, Cuatrecasas Q Castanedn 25402 (COL,
US).
149. Aphelandra guayasii Wasshausen
Aphelandra guayasii Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:495. 1973.
Suffrutescent shrub, to 7.5 m high; stems sub122
SMITHSOA’IAA’ CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
quadrangular, puberulous; leaf blades oblongovate,
18-21 cm long, 6.5-7 cm wide, acuminate (the
tip rounded), narrowed and conspicuously longattenuate
at base, firm, entire, the upper surface
dark-olivaceous, glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously
puberulous, the lower surface paleolivaceous,
sparingly puberulous, especially the
costa and lateral veins, these rather inconspicuous,
more prominent though beneath than above; petioles
(unwinged portion) 1.5-2.5 cm long, hirtellous;
flowers borne in one to three, terminal,
peduncled spikes, these 7-9 cm long and 2 cm
wide (excluding corollas), subtended by several,
small, lanceolate leaves near the base, these 10 mm
long, 2 mm wide, the bracts densely imbricate,
viscid, the peduncle 1-1.5 cm long, hirtellous and
glandular-punctate, the rachis glandular-pilose;
bracts ovate, 14-17 mm long and 8 mm wide, acuminate,
cuneate, colored, densely white-glandularpilose,
3-nerved, the margins entire, ciliate; bractlets
lanceolate, subcarinate, 9 mm long, 1.5 mm
wide, aristate, striate-nerved, subhyaline, glandularpilose;
calyx segments lanceolate, 12 mm long, subequal,
acuminate and spine-tipped, striate-nerved,
glandular-pilose without, glabrous within, the posterior
segment 3.5 mm wide, the anterior pair
2.5 mm wide, the lateral ones 2 mm wide; corolla
straw-colored, 5.5-6.5 cm long, sparingly pilose to
glandular-pilose, the tube erect, 3 mm wide at base,
slightly narrowed at 5 mm above base, thence gradually
enlarged to 8 mm at mouth, the upper lip
ovate, erect, 2.4 cm long, 1.3 cm wide, entire, retuse
the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes subequal,
the middle lobe ovate, 2.4 cm long, 1.5 cm wide,
acute, the lateral lobes oblong, 7 mm long, 3 mm
wide, obtuse or rounded; stamens exserted 2.2 cm
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 5-6
mm long, arachnoid at tip, mucronulate at base;
ovary 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, glabrous; capsule
not seen.
TYPE.-O. Haught 3085 (holotype US), Ecuador,
Guayas, 18 km W of Pedro Carbo, 5 Aug 1940.
DISTRIBUTION.-In the vicinity of Guayaquil, Ecuador.
ECUADOR. GUAYAS: 10 km NW of Guayaquil
on road to Salinas, 13 Sep 1961, Dodson Q Thien
513, 515 (MO, US); 12 km from Guayaquil, 22
Aug 1961, Gilmartin 503 (US); Julio Moreno,
Cerro de Isera, 250 m alt, 23 Ju1 1962, Jdtiva Q
Epling 149 (US) ; Cerro Azul, vicinity of Guayaquil,
14 Jun 1955, Asplund 16641 (S, US); 10 Sep
1955, Asplund 17600 (S, US); 50 m alt, 22 Oct
1958, Hurling 3029 (S, US).
This species is very similar in general aspects to
Aphelandra madrensis Lindau, both its longer,
glandular-pilose corolla and the entire, longer and
broader upper and lower corolla lips set it well
apart. With no collections available to connect the
widely separate ranges of the two taxa, it seems
advisable to regard them as distinct species.
150. Aphelandrn lawranceae Leonard
Aphelandra lawranceae Leonard, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25:
437. 1935; Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 313195. 1953.
Suffrutescent, to 1.2 m high; stem terete, glabrous,
more or less verrucose, the internodes 1.5-4 cm
long; leaf blades narrowly oblong-elliptic, 10-1 2
cm long and 2.5 cm wide, acuminate (the tip
blunt), gradually narrowed from about the middle
to base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or
undulate, both surfaces glabrous, the lower surface
often dark mauve; petioles to 1 cm long; spike
terminal (sometimes subtended by a whorl of 4
or 5 pairs of leaves), sessile, to 7 cm long and 2
cm broad, the rachis puberulous; bracts rather
closely imbricate, erect-spreading, oblong-lanceolate,
20-22 mm long and 8 mm wide (narrowed to 4
mm at base), abruptly acuminate to acute, entire,
puberulous, ciliate; bractlets narrowly lanceolate,
to 9 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, I-nerved, striate,
puberulous, some of the hairs glandular; calyx
segments subequal, about 9 mm long, narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate, the posterior one 3 mm wide,
minutely bidentate at apex, the anterior pair 1.7
mm wide, the lateral pair 1.5 mm wide, all striate
and puberulous toward tip (glandular and
eglandular hairs mixed); corolla 5-5.5 cm long,
brilliant red, pubescent, the tube gradually enlarged
from 3 mm at base to 5 mm at throat, the
upper lip entire, oblong, about 15 mm long and
6 mm wide, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal
or the lateral ones slightly shorter, to 2 cm
long, the middle lobe obovate, to 8 mm wide, the
lateral lobes oblong, to 6 mm wide; filaments about
3.5 cm long, glabrous to puberulent toward base;
staminode lobulate, about 1 mm long; style puberulous;
ovary glabrous below, pilosulous above.
TYPE.-A. E. Lawrance 244 (holotype US), COlombia,
Boyacd, in forest region at Agua Perro on
Mount Chapcin, 1650 m alt, 17 Jun 1932.
NUMBER 18 123
DIsTRIsuTroN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. B O Y A C A : Mount Chapon,
1080 m alt, 20 Jun 1932, Lawrance 24? (K), 252
(US). CUNDINAMARCA: Bogota, Oct 1874, Saunders
s.n. (K).
151. Aphelandra arisema Leonard
Afhelandra arisema Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:
200. 1953.
Herb or low shrub; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate,
22-30 cm long and 6.5 cm wide, acuminate, narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous,
entire or undulate, glabrous or
the lower surface sparingly puberulous; petioles
about 2 cm long, glabrous; spike terminal, solitary,
subsessile, to 26 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm broad, the
rachis angled, puberulous; bracts ascending or
nearly erect, entire, closely imbricate, oblongelliptic,
25 mm long, 8 mm wide at middle, acute,
narrowed at base, puberulous, ciliate, the marginal
cilia about 0.25 mm long, the nerves rather prominent,
the veinlets coarsely reticulate; bractlets
subulate, 5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide near base,
slenderly acuminate, striate-nerved, puberulous;
calyx 1-1.5 cm long, the segments lanceolate, acuminate,
subchartaceous, striate-nerved, puberulous,
the posterior segment 2.5 mm wide near base, the
anterior segments 2 mm wide and the lateral segments
1.5 mm wide near the base; corolla not seen;
capsule cylindrically clavate, about 1.5 cm long, 5
mm broad, 2 mm thick, obtuse and apiculate,
puberulous; seeds brown, flat, suborbicular, 2.5
mm in diameter, glabrous.
TYPE.--J. Triana sen. (holotype K, US photo
3623, isotypes COL, P), Colombia, Nariiio, Barbacoas,
170 m alt, Mar 1853.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. Gorgona Island, sea level,
20 Oct 1924, Collenette 630 (K).
blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins
(16-18 pairs) minutely and inconspicuously puberulous
beneath, the margins entire, the lower surface
drying a much lighter green than the upper;
petioles slender, 2-3 cm long, minutely puberulous;
spikes stout, one or several, terminal, subsessile,
22-27 cm long and 2-3 cm broad (without corollas),
the peduncle 0.5 cm long, the rachis glandularpilosulous;
bracts lance-ovate, pale orange, 27-28
mm long and 10-12 mm wide, acute, densely puberulous,
prominently 3-nerved, the margins entire,
ciliolate; bractlets lanceolate, 13 mm long, 1.5 mm
wide, long-acuminate, densely glandular-pilosulous,
striate-nerved, subhyaline; calyx segments lanceolate,
subequal, 15 mm long, the posterior segment
3.5 mm wide near the middle, the anterior and
lateral pairs 2.5 mm wide, all acute, striate-nerved,
densely glandular-pilosulous; corolla canary yellow,
3.5-4.5 cm long, densely pubescent, the tube erect,
about 3 cm long, 3 mm broad at base, thence gradually
enlarged to 4 mm at mouth, the upper lip
erect, obovate, 1.5 cm long, 9 mm wide, the tip
retuse, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe
obovate, 15 mm long, 11 mm wide, obtuse, the
lateral lobes elliptic, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide,
retuse at apex; stamens almost reaching the tip of
the upper corolla lip; anthers 6 mm long, apiculate
at apex; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-TV. H. Camp E-830 (holotype US, isotype
NY), Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchepe, Valley of
the Rios Negro and Chupianza (on trail from
Sevilla de Oro to Mendez), 870-900 m alt, 1 Nov
1944.
DIsTRIBUTION.-KnOwn only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra galba is not nearly allied to the
other species. Readily distinguished from the other
known Aphelandra by the combination of its long,
stout spikes, large, pale orange bracts, and canary
yellow corollas.
252. Aphelandra galba Wasshausen 153. Aphelandra diflusa Wasshausen
Aphelandra galba Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:479. 1973. Aphelandra difftcsa m'asshausen, Phytologia 25:477. 1973.
Shrubs to 1.5 m high; stems terete, glabrous or Spreading plant 1.5 m high; stems terete, glaminutely
and inconspicuously puberulous; leaf brous to sparingly and inconspicuously puberulous;
blades oblong to elliptic, 18-23 cm long and 5.5-6 leaf blades ovate, 13-15 cm long, 4.5-5 cm wide,
cm wide, short-acuminate at apex (the tip itself submembranaceous, entire or shallowly undulate,
124 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
acuminate (the tip obtuse), gradually narrowed
and attenuate at base, the upper surface olivaceous,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the lower surface
light-olivaceous, moderately hirtellous, the costa
and lateral yeins (1 1-12 pairs) inconspicuous
above, rather prominent below, hirtellous; petioles
(unwinged portion) 1.5 cm long, sparingly puberulous;
flowers borne in one or several, terminal,
peduncled spikes, these 7-8 cm long and 2.5 cm
wide (without corollas), the bracts densely imbricate,
viscid, the peduncle 3.5 cm long, sparingly
puberulous, the rachis densely glandular-pilose;
bracts reddish, ovate, 25-26 mm long, 9-10 mm
wide, acute, cuneate, densely glandular-pilose,
prominently 2-nerved at base, becoming reticulate
above, the margins entire, ciliate; bractlets linear,
subcarinate, 14 mm long and 1 mm wide, gradually
narrowed to an aristate tip, subhyaline, striatenerved,
glandular-pilose; calyx segments lanceolate,
17 mm long, subequal, acuminate, striate-nerved,
the nerves callose below, subhyaline, sparingly
glandular-pilose, the posterior segment 3 mm wide,
the anterior pair 2 mm wide, the lateral pair 1.5
mm wide; corolla orange-yellow (turning deep
purplish red with age), 4 cm long, glandular-pilose,
the tube erect, 3 mm wide at base, gradually enlarged
to 6 mm wide at mouth, the upper lip erect,
concave, triangular-ovate, 12 mm long, 8 mm wide,
entire, acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the
lobes subequal, the middle lobe obovate, 13 mm
long, 8.5 mm wide, acute to obtuse, the lateral
lobes ovate, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, obtuse; stamens
exserted 1 cm beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube; anthers 4 mm long, arachnoid at tip,
mucronate at base; style and stigma 3.6 cm long,
puberulous at base, glabrous above; ovary 3.5 mm
long, 1 mm wide, glabrous; capsule yellow, puberulous,
elliptic, 15 mm long, 5 mm broad, acute;
seeds (immature), muricate, 2.5 mm in diameter.
TYPE.-Jorgensen 6 Prieto JP-52 (holotype Us,
isotype NY), Ecuador, Loja, 46 km S of Loja, hacienda
Anganuma, at headwaters of Rio Cachiyacu,
on the W slopes of Cordillera Condor, 1800 m alt,
DrsTRIBuTIoN.-Andean Ecuador and Peru, at
elevations between 1800 and 2250 meters. ECUADOR.
BOLIVAR: Andrt 796 (Poortman) (K). PERU.
PIURA: Cerro Porculla, 3-11 km W of Continental
Divide down W slope of Cerro, 12 Jun 1966, Edwin
Q Schunke 3768 (F, US). CAJAMARCA: Llama (Cu-
13-16 JuI 1944.
tervo), 2250 m alt, Ju1 1943, Sandeman 4082 (K).
ApheZandra diflusa superficially resembles A.
guayasii. In A. guayasii though, the leaf blades are
longer and broader, the bracts acuminate, shorter
and narrower, and the corolla, as well as the limb,
considerably longer and broader.
154. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard
APhelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard, Contrib. US. Nat. Herb.
Afihelandra killifiii Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:202.
Aphelandra craura Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:207.
31204. 1953.
1953.
1953.
Plants suffrutescent, erect, brittle, to 3 m high;
stems thick, glabrous below, densely retrorsely strigose
above, the hairs brownish; leaf blades oblongelliptic
to obovate, to 28 cm long and 14.5 cm wide,
acuminate, the tip blunt, narrowed from middle or
slightly above the middle to the base and decurrent
on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface pale green, glabrous to sparingly
strigose, the lower surface pale ashy and more
densely strigose, the costa and lateral veins (10-14
pairs) rather prominent, more so beneath than
above; petioles (unwinged portion) to 1 cm long,
retrosely strigose similar to the stem; spike solitary,
terminal, sessile, slenderly conic to ovoid, 10-12
cm long, 2 cm broad, the bracts rather loosely appressed,
spreading with age, subtended by several
small lanceolate, bractlike leaves, the rachis glabrous
to strigose; bracts pale yellowish green, entire,
coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, 30 mm long, 10-14.5
mm wide, slightly obtuse, mucronulate, apparently
closely striate-nerved (the meshes of the reticulations
compressed), opaque, bordered by a narrow
subhyaline margin about 0.5 mm wide, the lower
half of the bract strigose, the upper half glabrous;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, to 6 mm long, about
1 mm wide at base, thin, 3-nerved, subhyaline, sparingly
strigose dorsally; calyx segments minute,
ovate to triangular, 0.5-0.75 mm long and broad,
acuminate, thin, subhyaline; corolla reddish to
cream-white (Lehmann’s specimen at Kew ), about
3 cm long, densely hirsute, the hairs more or less
appressed, 0.75 mm long, brownish, the tube slender,
3.5 mm broad at base, 4-5 mm broad at mouth,
the lips about equal, the upper lip oblong to ovate,
7 mm long and about 4 mm wide, bilobed at apex,
NUMBER 18 125
the lobes rounded, 1.5-2 mm long and 1.5 mm wide
at base, the middle lobe of the lower lip (spreading)
oval, 9-10 mm long and 5.5-6 mm wide,
rounded, the lateral lobes lanceolate to oblong,
8-10 mm long and 2.5-3 mm wide at middle, obtuse;
stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla
and probably slightly exserted; anthers barely 3
mm long, adhering by the webby, dorsally borne
hairs; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-J. Cuatrecasas 16705 (holotype US), Colombia,
Valle, La Trojita, along the Rio Calima,
5-50 m alt, 19 Feb-10 Mar 1944.
D1sTRIsuTIoN.-Endemic to Colombia, found in
dense forests at low elevations in the departments
of Choco and Valle. COLOMBIA. C H O C O : La Concepcion,
15 km E of Quibdo, 75 m alt, 20 Apr-23
May 1931, Archer 2003 (US); Andagoya, 70-100 m
alt, 20-30 Apr 1939, Killip 35374 (US, holotype of
A. killipii Leonard). VALLE: 10-15 km E of Buenaventura,
dense forest along highway, near sea level,
12 Apr 1939, Killip 34938 (US); along highway
near Buenaventura, 100 m alt, 8 Dec 1946, Haught
5337 (US, holotype of A. craura Leonard); along
Quebrada La Brea, near Cordoba, 7 Nov 1944, Core
1558 (US); Cordoba, 50-100 m alt, 17 Feb 1939,
KilZip (1. Garcia 33444 (US); Cordoba, Dagua Valley,
forest along Rio Calima, 80-100 m alt, 9 Oct
1922, Killip 11788 (US); Rio Digua Valley, between
La Elsa and Rio Blanco, 825 m alt, 2-5 Apr 1939,
Killip 34738 (US); near Buenaventura, Lehmann
s.n. (K).
155. Aphelandra prismatica (Vellozo) Hiern
Aphelandra prismatica (Vellozo) Hiern, Nat. For. Kjoeb.
Vidensk. Meddel. 78. 1877.-Bentham & Hooker, Genera
Plantarum 2, pt. 2:1103. 187G.-Lindau in Engler and
Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 4, Abt. 3b:322. 1895.-L. B.
Smith, Phytologia 1:82. 1934.
Ruellia quadrangularis Vellozo, F1. Flum. 267, n. 7. 1825;
Icones, 6, pl. 97. 1831.
Ruellia prismatica Vellozo, F1. Flum. 267, n. 8. 1825; Icones,
6, pl. 98. 1831.
Strobilorkackis glabra Klotzsch in Otto & Dietrich, Allgem.
Gartenz. 7:308. 1839: in Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Ic. P1. Rar.,
117, pl. 48. 1841.
Hydromestus maculatus Scheidweiler in Otto & Dietrich,
Allgem. Gartenz. 1842:285. 1842.-Hooker, Bot. Mag. 77,
pl. 4556. 1851.
Strobilorkackis prismatica (Vellozo) Nees in Martius, F1.
Bras. 9:84. 1847; in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:294. 1847.
Lagochilium hydromestus Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 11:291.
Apkelandra hydromestus (sees) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Amer.
Apkelandra prismatica var. stenopkylla Rizzini, Arquiv. Jard.
Apkelandra lurida Rizzini, Dusenia 3: 181. 1952.
1847.
Bot. 2:512. 1882.
Bot. Rio de Janeiro 8:323. 1948.
Small, suffrutescent shrub about 1 m high; stems
purplish, terete, branching, somewhat flattened at
summit, canaliculate, glabrate, the internodes 2-6
cm long; leaves glabrous, the blades oblong to
ovate-lanceolate, 15-20 cm long, 4.5-9 cm wide, the
tip blunt, cuneately narrowed and decurrent on the
petiole at base, entire or undulate, slightly sinuate,
finely membranaceous, the upper surface yellowish
green, the lower surface paler green, the costa and
veins (7-10 pairs) rather prominent, arcuate; petioles
(unwinged portion) 2-4 cm long, very similar
to the stem; flowers borne in solitary, axillary and
terminal spikes, these 7-15 cm long, 1.5-3 cm broad
(without corollas), the bracts closely imbricate,
spreading with age, the peduncle 0.2-0.5 cm long,
glabrous; bracts oblong-elliptic, 20-30 mm long,
11-13 mm wide, acute to acuminate, mucronulate,
carinate, bright green, entire, glabrous, striatenerved,
bordered by a narrow subhyaline margin
about 0.5 mm wide; bractlets lance-ovate, 3.5 mm
long, 1.5 mm wide, acute, carinate, subhyaline,
striate-nerved, glabrous to glabrate; calyx 5 mm
long, the segments lanceolate (the posterior segment
lance-ovate, acute to obtuse), subhyaline,
striate-nerved, glabrous or the tip of the margin
puberulous, the posterior segment 2.25 mm wide
just below the middle, the anterior pair 1.75 mm
wide, the lateral pair 1.25 mm wide; corolla
showy, yellow, 3-4 cm long, well exserted beyond
the subtending bracts, glabrous, the tube narrow,
2.5 cm long, 2 mm wide at base, thence gradually
enlarged and infundibular, 8 mm wide at mouth,
the lobes obtuse, the upper lip spreading, obovate,
10 mm long and 15 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 5 mm
long and 7 mm wide, the lower lip 3-lobed, subequal,
the middle lobe elliptic, 10 mm long, 6.5
mm wide, the lateral lobes elliptic-oblong, 12 mm
long, 7.5 mm wide; stamens included; anthers 4
mm long, villous, apiculate, rounded at base; filaments
epipetalous in throat of corolla tube, villous;
style included; capsule about 12 mm long and 4.5
mm wide, smooth, pointed at tip, the valves recurved
upon maturity; seeds flat, subquadrate,
126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
4.5 mm long and 4 mm wide, brown, sparingly
puberulent.
TYPE.-Vellozo s.n., lodt, if any specimens were
ever made. Typification is on the basis of the description
and plate, especially the latter. The only
locality data is undei the synonym Ruellia quadrangularis:
“. . . habitat silvis maritimis Pharmacopolitanis.
Offendi ad ripas fluvii Paraty-merim vulgo
dicti.”
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Southeastern Brazil, in woods in
the states of Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara,
and Sao Paulo. BRAZIL. ESPIRITO SANTO: Cachoeira
da Itapemirim, 700 m alt, 3 Jun 1949,
Brade 19971 (RB, holotype of Aphelandra lurida
Rizzini). RIO DE JANEIRO: Near Therezopolis, 8
Feb 1826, Burchell2001 (K); 21 Feb 1826, Burchell
2482 (K); Mandiocca, Langsdorff s.n. (LE); Serra
d’Estrella, 1833, Luschnath s.n. (BR); near St.
Anna, Dec 1823, Beyrich s.n. (B, destroyed, holotype
of Strobilorhachis glabra Klotsch); Petropolis,
1879, Wawra 21 (W); Serra de Petropolis, Feb
1966, Duarte 9671 (RB, US); woods old road to
Petropolis, 29 Jan 1968, Smith clr MeWilliams
15345a (US); 1830, Riedel 0.36 (LE). GUANABARA:
Rio de Janeiro, 1816-1821, St. Hilaire 207 (P);
725 (P); 1817-1818, Mikan s.n. (W); 1817-1820,
Martius sen. (M), (F photo 20497); 1821, Langsdorfl
s.n. (P); Feb 1824, Guadichaud s.n. (K); 1831-
1833, Gaudichaud 116 (P); 494 (P); 1839, Wilkes
Expedition s.n. (US); 1840, Regnell s.n. (S); 1843,
Widgren 199 (S); 1843, Weddell 181 (P); 1844,
Widgren 23 (BR, S ) ; Corcovado, 28 Jan 1868,
Glaziou 2653 (BR, K); eastern end of Serra da
Carioca, 200-500 m alt, 26 Mar 1929, L. B. Smith
2165 (GH); Corcovado, Feb 1818, Pokl 5010 (W);
1838, Raven 216 (BR); 1859-1860, Wawra (?I Maly
506 (W); 9 Jun 1862, Nadeaud s.n. (P); 1813-29,
Langsdorff s.n. (LE); Apr 1832, Riedel Cir Luscknath
s.n. (LE); Paineiras, 27 Feb 1881, Saldanha
502 (P). SAO PAULO: Serra do Mar, near S. Cruz,
1818, Martizts s.n. (M); Alto da Serra, 2 Feb 1913,
Brade 6050 (S); 1000 m alt, 14 Jun 1922, Holway
1970 (US); Estacaio Biologica, 800-900 m alt, 17
Feb 1929, L. B. Smith 1934 (US); Santos, 10.12.
1874, Mosen 2910 (S); Rio das Pedras, Burchell
3615 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY. 1815, Freyreiss
s.n. ( S ) ; 1817-1818, Raddi s.n. (FI); 1842,
Claussen 1962 (P); 1869, Glaziou s.n. (P); Staunton
s.n. (W); Lalande s.n. (P); Sellow s.n. (K); Riedel
(?I Langsdorff 106 (LE).
Aphelandra prismatica has also been reported
from Mexico, but to date no specimens have been
seen from Mexico or Central America. It was introduced
into the botanical gardens of Europe in 1842
and I assume that erroneous data placed its center
of origin in Mexico rather than Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.
Aphelandra kydromestus (Nees) Hemsley is based
on. Hydromestus maculatus Scheidweiler, the latter
of which is represented by a specimen deposited in
the Kew Herbarium. This specimen is A. prisrnatica
(Vellozo), Hiern. Nees (1847) called this
species Lagochilium hydromestus, since the specific
epithet maculatum was already occupied by another
species.
Rizzini did not designate a type for his A. prismatica
var. stenophylla, though he cited a number
of specimens deposited in the Jardin Bothico (RB)
namely nos. 58.964, 54.790, 34.447, and 55.576.
These specimens were seen in that herbarium and
I conclude that they represent typical A. prismatica
(Vellozo) Hiern.
156. Aphelandra pnulensis Wasshausen
Aphelandra patilensis Wasshausen, Phytologia 25:482. 1973.
Suffrutescent shrub; stems erect, subquadrangular,
moderately pilose, the hairs sordid; leaf blades
oblong to ovate, 13.5-18 cm long and 5.5-7 cm
wide, short-acuminate (the tip obtuse), narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous,
entire or shallowly undulate, the upper surface
drying olivaceous, glabrous or sparingly strigose,
the costa and lateral veins (11-14 pairs)
slightly raised, scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface
drying to pale olivaceous, glabrous or the costa
and lateral veins sparingly strigose; petioles 2.5-3
cm long, glabrous to moderately pilose; flowers
borne on one or several, terminal, sessile spikes,
these 7.5-8 cm long and 2-2.5 cm wide (without
corollas), the rachis puberulous; bracts imbricate,
entire, red, coriaceous, oblong to elliptic, 30 mm
long and 10-12 mm wide, cuspidate, the tip a
spine about 1 mm long, glabrous and mintuely
glandular-punctate, ecarinate, reticulate-nerved;
bractlets lanceolate, falcate, carinate, 10 mm long,
1.5 mm wide, slightly acute, the tip ending in a
mucro, glabrous, striate-nerved, the marginal area
bordered by a narrow subhyaline edging, the tip
NUMBER 18 127
more or less ciliolate; calyx segments lanceolate,
17-18 mm long, subequal, the posterior segment 5
mm wide, the anterior pair 2.5 mm wide, the lateral
segments 1.5 mm wide, all glabrous and striatenerved,
short-acuminate and minutely mucronate
at tip; corolla yellow, the tube glabrous, the lips
glandular-pilose, 3.5-4.5 cm long, 2 mm wide at
base, 5.5 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip spreading,
obovate, 14 mm long and 8 mm wide, bilobed,
the lobes oblong, 4 mm long and wide, obtuse at
tip, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading,
oblong, 17 mm long, 5 mm wide, the lateral lobes
oblong, 15 mm long, 4 mm wide, obtuse; stamens
exserted 12 mm beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube; anthers 7 mm long, acute, mucronulate at
base; capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Kuhlmann dr Gehrt s.n. (holotype US,
isotype K), Brazil, SZo Paula, Cunha, 16 Mar 1939.
DIsTRIBuTIoN-Known only from the typelocality.
Aphelandra paulensis is distinguished from A.
hirta, its nearest relative, by its cuspidate bracts,
the tip a spine about 1 mm long, and the smaller
corollas. The bracts of A. hirta are obtuse, the tip
itself revolute and the corollas 4.5-5 cm long.
157. Aphelandra liboniana Linden ex Hooker
FIGURE 36
Aphelandra liboniana Linden ex Hooker, f., Bot. Mag. 90,
pl. 5463. 1864.
Aphelandra mirabilis Rizzini, Dusenia 7:299. 1956.-Wasshausen
& Smith, F1. Ilustr. Catar. 1, Fasc. A C A N : ~ ~ . 1969.
Large, striking shrub, 0.6-1 m high, shrubby
below, somewhat herbaceous above; stems terete,
glabrous; leaf blades elliptic to lance-ovate, 24-30
cm long, 6-9.5 cm wide, rather abruptly acuminate,
attenuate at base and decurrent on the petiole,
glabrous, the margins entire or basally slightly
sinuate, deep green, marked with a fine white line
down the center of the costa, lateral veins equally
impressed on both surfaces, the upper leaves smaller
and more abruptly acuminate, rather strongly
penniveined; petioles almost entirely winged, 3-5
cm long, canaliculate above, glabrous; flowers borne
in solitary, terminal, almost sessile spikes, these
7-16 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, golden, imbricate,
spreading with age; bracts large, striking, red with
yellow margins or bright orange, elliptic to ovate,
30-40 mm long, 12-14.5 mm wide, obtuse to slightly
acute, narrowed at base, reticulate-nerved, coriaceoiis,
glabrous, the margins entire; bractlets carinate,
falcate-lanceolate, 4-5 mm long, 1 mm wide
just below the middle, acute, mucronate, striatenerved,
subhyaline, glabrous; calyx 8 mm long, the
segments subequal, lanceolate, striate-nerved, subhyaline,
glabrous, the posterior segment 1.5 mm
wide, the anterior pair slightly narrower, the lateral
pair 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, red towards
apex, 4.5-5 cm long, glabrous, 2 mm wide at base,
the tube narrow, 3.5 cm long, 5 mm wide at mouth,
the lobes obtuse, the upper lip ovate, 1.7 cm long,
8 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 2 mm long, 3 mm wide,
the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, the middle
lobe oblong, 17 mm long and 4 mm wide, the
lateral lobes elliptic, 16 mm long, 3 mm wide;
stamens slightly exserted beyond the upper lip;
anthers 7-8 mm long, acute, slightly apiculate at
base, slightly cobwebby-pilose and adhering at
apex; filaments smooth, flattened, basally pilose;
style filiform, somewhat exceeding the stamens;
capsule clavate, 15 mm long and 4 mm wide, glabrous,
minutely spotted; seeds smooth, obliquely
ovoid, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, only 1 mm thick,
dark brown, wrinkled.
TYPE.-(K). Typification in part, is based on
the description and plate especially the latter. Introduced
from Santa Catarina, Brazil by Mr.
Linden.
DIsTRIBUTI0N.-Parana and Santa Catarina, Brazil.
BRAZIL. PARANA: Morretes, Groto Funda, 21
Dec 1959, Hatschbach 6654 (US); Guaraqueqaba,
Fda. Abobreira, 20 m alt, 15 Oct 1969, Hatschbach
22455 (US); Serra do Mar, Desvio Ypiranga, 1 Apr
1906, Dusen 7497 (US); Ypiranga, 700 m alt, 22
Aug 1914, Dustn 15444 (GH, S); Alto da Serra, 23
Jan 1953, Stellfeld s.n. (US); Fazenda Marumby,
23 Jan 1914, Dusen 14386 (S). SANTA CATARINA:
Blumenau, Garcia, 21 Mar 1952, Reitz 4.644 (HBR,
RB), (holotype of A. mirabilis Rizzini); Garuva,
Tres Barras, mata, 100 m alt, 19 Dec 1957, Reitr Q
Klein 5.764 (HBR); Ibirama, Horto Florestal
I.N.P., mata, 200 m alt, 20 Nov 1953, Gevieski
37 (HBR, US); Horto Florestal I.N.P., 350 m
alt, 2 Nov 1953, Reitz 6. Klein 1.118 (HBR, US);
Joinvile, mata, 12 Jan 1951, Reitz 3.812 (HBR,
US); Estrada Dona Francisca, mata, 600 m alt,
18 Dec 1957, Reitz 6 Klein 5.703 (HBR, US);
Rio Do Sul, Serra do Matador, mata, 550 m alt, 25
128 SMITHSOh’IAh’ CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
Nov 1958, Reitz & Klein 7.623 (HBR, US); Itajai,
Mueller 437 (K). WITHOUT EXACT LOCALITY.
Prov. St. Paul and Rio, South Brazil, 1861-2, Weir
s.n. (K). CULTIVATED MATERIAL. Hortus bot. Monacensis,
23 May 1867, (M); 22 Jun 1868, Kummer
s.n. (M); Cult. hortus Vindob., 19 Apr 1867 (W).
LOCAL NAME.-Balsamo-de-duas-cores.
158. Aphelandra bradeana Rizzini
Aphelandra bradeana Rizzini, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio de
Janeiro 8:325. 1948.
Sub-shrub, to 70 cm high (according to Brade);
stems pilose above; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate,
16-23 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, acute to shortly acuminate,
narrowed at base and long decurrent on
the petiole, entire, membranaceous, the upper surface
dark green, moderately strigose, the lower
surface paler green, puberulous, and the costa and
lateral veins (12-14 pairs) also hirsute, the margins
ciliolate; petioles (unwinged portion) minute,
less than 5 mm long, puberulous; flowers borne
terminal in a solitary, sessile spike, 6-8 cm long;
bracts oblonglanceolate, 30-35 mm long, 9-10 mm
wide, entire, yellow except the red tip, acute,
cuneate at base, puberulous both within and without,
membranaceous, net-veined, bordered by a
narrow subhyaline margin about 0.5 mm wide;
bractlets lanceolate, 10-11 mm long, 2 mm wide,
carinate, subhyaline, striate-nerved, glabrous or
bearing a few hairs near the tip; calyx 2.0-2.3 cm
long, the segments lanceolate, subhyaline, striatenerved,
ending in a stiff bristlelike awn, glabrous,
the posterior segment 3.5 mm wide just below the
middle, the anterior pair 2 mm wide, the lateral
pair 1 mm wide; corolla yellow, 4.5-5.5 cm long,
well exserted beyond the subtending bracts, puberulent
and glandular-pubescent, the tube narrow,
2.5 cm long, 2.5 mm wide at base, thence gradually
enlarged to 5.5 mm wide at mouth, the lobes obtuse,
the upper lip erect, obovate, 15 mm long and
7 mm wide, bifid, the lobes 4 mm long and 2.5 mm
wide, the margins ciliolate, the lower lip 3-lobed,
subequal, the middle lobe longer and broader than
the lateral, 15 mm long, 5 mm wide, the lateral
lobes oblong, 13 mm long, 4 mm wide; stamens
included in the upper lip; anthers 5-6 mm long,
acute at apex, apiculate at base, dorsally pilose;
filaments broad, glabrous; style apically widened,
exceeding anthers, puberulous near tip; capsule not
seen.
TYPE.-Brade 18841 (holotype RB), Brazil, Rio
de Janeiro, Lote 70, Itatiaia, 12 Feb 1948.
DIsmIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
Rizzini states that Aphelandra bradenna is closely
related to A. montana (= A. colorado). He distinguishes
A. bradeana, however, by its narrow,
yellowish bracts, longer, yellowish corolla, stems
pilose above and apparently membranaceous leaves.
159. Aphelandra dodsonii Wasshausen
FIGURE 44
Aphelandra dodsonii Wasshausen. Phytologia 25:486. 1973.
Suffrutescent, glabrous shrub to 1 m high; leaf
blades ovate, 17-19 cm long, 7.5 cm wide, acuminate,
ending in a blunt point, truncate at base,
entire or undulate, green, the costa and lateral veins
(I 1-12 pairs) rather prominent; petioles 5-5.5 cm
long, canaliculate, glabrous; flowers borne on solitary,
terminal, sessile spikes, 21-22 cm long, 1.5-2
cm wide (without corollas), the rachis glabrous;
bracts imbricate, erect, entire, drying reddish,
ovate, 30 mm long and 11-12 mm wide, acute at
apex, truncate at base, glabrous, subchartaceous,
striate-nerved; bractlets linear-filiform, 6 mm long
and 1 mm wide, falcate, carinate, glabrous, striatenerved;
calyx segments triangular-ovate, 8 mm long,
subequal, the posterior segment 3 mm wide at base,
2- or 3-toothed at tip, the anterior pair slightly
over 2 mm wide and the lateral segments 3 mm
wide, acuminate, the tip itself a spine 1 mm long,
all glabrous, striate-nerved; corolla bright red, glabrous,
5 cm long from base to tip of upper lip, the
tube gradually enlarged from 3 mm in diameter at
base to 6 mm broad at mouth, the upper lip erect,
ovate, 20 mm long and 11 mm wide, entire, acute,
the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate,
subequal, the middle lobe 20 mm long and 9 mm
wide, acute, the lateral lobes 15 mm long and 7 mm
wide, acuminate; stamens exserted about 13 mm
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers 5
mm long, 0.75 mm broad, acute at both ends;
staminode lobulate, 0.25 mm long; capsule not
seen.
TYPE.-DO~SO~ k Thien I612 (holotype US),
NUMBER 18
Ecuador, Carchi, railroad from Ibana to San LOrenzo,
km #78, Rio Blanco, 1400-1500 m alt, 14
Dec 1961.
DIsTRIsuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
This species is readily distinguished by the long,
solitary spike, the entire, reddish bracts, and the
bright red corolla. It is not very closely allied to
any of the known species of Aphelandra.
160. Aphelandra conformis Leonard
Aphelandra conforinis Leonard, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:
194. 1953.
Herbs to 40 cm high; stems ascending, subquadrangular,
glabrous to sparingly hirtellous; leaf
blades oblong-ovate, to 10 cm long and 4 cm wide,
acuminate, the tip blunt, narrowed at base and
briefly decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous,
entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10
pairs) of the lower surface strigose; petioles to 1.5
cm long, sparingly strigose, the hairs similar to
those of the costa and veins; spikes terminal, solitary,
subsessile, 3-8 cm long, about 2 cm broad
(without corollas), the rachis angled, sparingly
puberulous; bracts rhombic-ovate, 20 mm long, 10
mm wide, subacute, submembranaceous, rather
prominently nerved, the veinlets coarsely reticulate,
the outer surface puberulous, the inner glabrous to
glabrate, the margins entire, eciliate or toward tip
very ciliolate; bractlets lance-subulate, 7 mm long,
0.75 mm wide at base, subcarinate, subcoriaceous,
puberulous toward tip; calyx segments subequal,
8.5-9 mm long, subcoriaceous, striate (the nerves
swollen at base), puberulous, the posterior segment
lanceolate, 2 mm wide, acuminate, sometimes with
a minute tooth near tip, the anterior segments
narrowly lanceolate and slenderly acuminate, 1.5
mm wide near base, the lateral segments linearlanceolate,
0.75 mm wide near the base, slenderly
acuminate; corolla orange-scarlet, 5 cm long, sparingly
and finely pubescent, the tube about 3 mm
broad at base, the mouth 7 mm broad, the upper
lip erect, ovate, 13 mm long and 12 mm wide,
entire, obtuse to rounded, the lower lip 3-parted,
the lobes obovate, rounded, the middle one 15 mm
long and 9 mm wide, the lateral ones 13 mm long
and 7 mm wide; stamens slightly exserted but shorter
than the upper lip; ovary sparingly puberulous;
capsule not seen.
TYPE.--E~. Andre 1658 (holotype K, US photo
3619), Colombia, Cundinamarca, in damp primeval
woods near Viota, 1800 m alt, 18 Feb 1876.
DIsTRIBuTI0N.-Known only from around the
type-locality. COLOMBIA. CUNDINAMARCA: Pandi,
1700 m alt, Triana s.n. (K); above El Colegio,
La Mesa, 1800 m alt. 8 Apr 1917, Tracey 152 (K).
161. Aphelundra dolichnntha Donnell Smith
Aphelandra dolichantha Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. 27:438.
1899.-Leonard. Contrib. US. Nat. Herb. 31:206. 1953.
Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs to 1.2 m high;
stems glabrous to pubescent toward tip, the hairs
brownish; leaf blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, to
22 cm long and 12 cm wide, acute to shortacuminate,
the tip blunt, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, entire, the upper surface
minutely alveolar, drying dark green, glabrous to
sparingly strigose, the costa and lateral veins (usually
8-14 pairs) plane or slightly elevated, less
prominent than on the lower surface, this drying
light green to olive, subglabrous to strigillose, the
hairs evenly distributed or confined chiefly to the
costa and basal portions of the lateral veins; petioles
to 3 cm long, the pubescence similar to that
of the stem; spikes terminal, cylindric, solitary or
occasionally in 3’s, to 12 cm long and 1.5 cm
broad, the rachis angular, pilose to glabrate; bracts
closely imbricate or spreading with age, ovatelanceolate,
25-40 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, acuminate,
green, nerved, glabrous to pilose-strigose,
the margins entire, subhyaline but not well defined,
ciliolate; bractlets linear-subulate, 10 mm long,
1 mm wide at base, carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly
pilose and puberulous, the smaller hairs
gland-tipped; calyx minute, the segments subulate
to lance-subulate, 1.5-2 mm long, less than 0.5 mm
wide at base, the pubescence similar to that of the
bracts; corolla white or pale cream, 6.8-7.3 cm
long, glandular-pubescent except the lobes, these
glabrous, the tube slender, 5.5-6 cm long but
barely 2 mm broad, the throat short and slightly
ampliate, about 4 mm broad, the upper lip oblong,
13 mm long, 5 mm wide, 2-lobed, the lobes about
3 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, rounded, the middle
lobe of the lower lip oblong-elliptic, 18-20 mm long,
130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
6-7 mm wide, the lateral lobes linear-oblong, 15-17
mm long, 4-5 mm wide, all rounded at apex; stamens
included; the filaments about 6 cm long,
affixed at the base of the throat; the anthers 3 mm
long, apiculate, adhering by a lateral beard; style
included; capsule narrowly clavate, about 15 mm
long and 3 mm broad, glabrous, puncticulate; seeds
flattened, obliquely ovoid, 5.5 mm long and 3.5 mm
broad, barely 1 mm thick, smooth brown.
TYPE.--J. D. Smith 6689 (holotype US), Costa
Rica, Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m alt,
Feb 1896.
DISTRIBUTION.-wet forests of Costa Rica and
Panama. COSTA RICA. GUANACASTE: Tilaran, 750
m alt, 17 May 1923, Valerio 50 (US). LIM~N: Vicinity
of Guapiles, 300-500 m alt, 12-13 Mar 1924,
Standley 37170, 37175, 37219, 37264, 37329 (US);
Livingston on Reventazon, Jul-Aug 1920, Rowlee 6-
Stork 708 (US). SAN JOSE: La Hondura, 1300-1700 m
alt, 2-4 Mar 1924, Standley 36470 (US), 16 Mar
1924, Standley 37798 (US). CARTAGO: Valle Escondido,
between Tuis and Siquirres, 800 m alt, 26
Mar 1966, Hatheway 1071 (us). PANAMA. BoCAS
DEL TORO: Chiriqui Trail, between Buena Vista
coffee finca and Cerro Pilon, 17 Apr 1968, Kirkbride
plr Duke 695 (MO). C O L ~ N : Along Rio Fat6,
10-100 m alt, Aug 1911, Pittier 4198 (US).
162. Aphelandra ameleta Leonard
Aphelandra ameleta Leonard, Wrightia 2:148. 1961.
Shrubs to 3 m high; stems, at least the tips,
densely whitish hirsute; leaf blades oblong-elliptic
or oblong-obovate, 30-40 cm long and 10-15 cm
wide, briefly acuminate, cuneate at base, firm, shallowly
crenate, the upper surface glabrous and nitid
except the costa, this strigose, the lower surface
densely hirsute, the hairs light brownish; petioles
3 mm thick, 1.5-10 cm long, densely hirsute; spike
terminal, 20-30 cm long, 2-3 cm broad, the peduncle
l cm long, 4 mm thick, densely hirsute like
the stem, the rachis densely puberulous with light
brownish hairs; bracts elliptic, 28-34 mm long and
12-14 mm wide, subobtuse, mucronate, the mucro
5 mm wide at base, finely striate, entire, firm, with
a narrow subhyaline nerveless margin, the outer
surface puberulous, the inner surface stria te-nerved
and glabrous; bractlets narrowly ovate or lanceolate,
12-14 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, slenderly acute,
puberulous without, glabrous and nitid within,
subcarinate, striate-nerved, firm, with a narrow
subhyaline margin; calyx 14-17 mm long, the posterior
segment 5.5 mm wide, acute or lacerate, the
anterior segments 2.5 mm wide, aristate, the lateral
segments 2 mm wide, aristate, all of the segments
lanceolate and striate-nerved with subhyaline nerveless
margins, puberulous without and glabrous
within; corolla lavender and white, about 6 cm
long, glandular-pilose, the tube erect, 6 mm wide
at base, narrowed to 4 mm at 3 cm above base,
thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm at mouth, the
upper lip erect, ovate, 18 mm long, 9 mm wide, the
margins recurved, bilobed, the lobes ovate, 2 mm
long and 3 mm wide, obtuse, the lower lip oval,
1.8 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, 3-lobed, the lobes spreading,
the middle lobe obovate, 1 cm long and 1 cm
wide just above the middle, obtuse, the lateral
lobes ovate, 8 mm long, 7 mm wide, obtuse, adnate
in part to the middle lobe; stamens exceeding the
mouth of the corolla by the length of the anthers;
anthers 5 mm long, acute and cohering at tip, subobtuse
at base; ovary glabrous.
TypE.-Kjell von Sneidern s.n. (holotype S, US
photo 5377), Colombia, Caqueti, in forest at Morelia,
150 m alt, 22 Nov 1941.
DISTRIBUTION.-In rainforest, Caqueta and Putumayo,
Colombia and Nap0 Pastaza, Ecuador. Co-
LOMBIA. PUTUMAYO: 15 km NW of Puerto Asis, 300
m alt, 6-7 Aug 1965, King 6- Guevara 2641 (US).
ECUADOR. NAPO PASTAZA: Cerro Antisana, Puerto
Napo, 14 Ju1 1960, Grubb, Lloyd, Pennington 6
Whitmore 171 (K, NY).
163. Aphelandra gigantiflora Lindau
Aphelandra gigantiflora Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser., 3:
ApheEandra padillana Standley, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14:
Aphelandra gigantiflora Lindau, f. lutea Standley & Steyer-
369. 1895.-Leonard, Field Mus. Bot. 18:1195. 1938.
244. 1924.
mark, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 23:237. 1947.
Shrubs, to 2.5 m high, the stems glabrous to puberulent;
leaf blades oblong-lanceolate to oblongovate,
15-25 cm long, 4-9 cm wide, more or less
abruptly acuminate, narrowed or rounded at the
base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire,
bright green above, paler and bearing a few scatNUMBER
18 131
tered short hairs beneath; spikes stout, terminal
and axillary, 12-30 cm long, the rachis densely
glandular-pilose; the upper bracts closely imbricate,
the lower loosely so, spreading, the lowermost sterile,
all broadly ovate, 20-30 mm long, 10-12 mm
wide, obtuse to rounded or the upper acutish,
entire, green or purplish, densely glandular-pilose;
bractlets linear-subulate, equalling the calyx,
glandular-pilose; calyx segments linear-lanceolate,
15 mm long, long-attenuate, delicately striate-nerved,
finely glandular-pilose; corolla bright red, 6.5-7.5
cm long, finely glandular-pilose, the tube 4-5 cm
long, 7-9 mm in diameter at the throat, to 6 mm
broad at base, the upper lip oblong, 2.5-3 cm long,
10 mm wide at the base, entire, obtuse or rounded,
the lower lip 3-parted, the middle segment obovate,
2.5-4 cm long, 15-17 mm wide, the lateral segments
oblong, 15 mm long, 5 mm wide, acute,
sometimes unequally 2-lobed at the apex; filaments
50 mm long; anthers acute, 4-5.5 mm long; style
about 6 cm long; capsule 2 cm long, oblongelliptic,
acutish, finely puberulent.
TYPE.-t$‘arscewicr s.n. (holotype B, destroyed,
isotype W, F photo 8707), “Costa Rica et Veragua.”
DrsmrBuTroN.-Damp, wet forests of Guatemala
and El Salvador. GUATEMALA. AMATITLAN: Barranca
de Eminencia, 420 m alt, Feb 1892, John
Donnell Smith 2696 (US). SACTEPEQUEZ Near
Las Lajas, 1200 m alt, 28 Nov 1938, Standley 58132
(US); below Barranco Hondo, 1100 m alt, 11 Mar
1941, Standley 88992 (US). ESQUINTLA: Rio Guacalate,
600 m alt, 16 Dec 1938, Standley 60209 (US).
EL SALVADOR. AHUACHAPAN: Vicinity of Ahuachapan,
800-1000 m alt, 9-27 Jan 1922, Standley 19771
(US); 19972 (US, holotype of A. padillana Standley);
“Chuflete”, 1923, Padilla 418 (US). SONSONATE:
Finca Chilata, 26-27 Dec 1921, Standley
19315 (US). SAN VICENTE: Volcan de San Vicente,
1200-1500 m alt, 7-8 Mar 1922, Standley 21512
(US); 350-500 m alt, 2-11 Mar 1922, Standley
21680 (US); Comasagua, Dec 1922, Calderon 1364
(US); Santa Tecla, Dec 1922, Calderon 1422.
Standley and Steyermark described forma Zutea
from a single collection (Standley 89560, holotype
F, Guatemala, Escuintla; wooded barranco of Rio
Gavilan, NE of Escuintla, 720 m alt, 16 Mar
1941). They distinguished this form only by the
deep yellow corollas and noted that except for this
single collection, this species had been found to
have brilliant deep red corollas. This constant color
intensity does not quite agree with some of the
other species of Aphelandra that I have examined,
where the colors may vary from red to orange-red
to orange-yellow. Until further yellow specimens
are collected to determine their status I am including
forma Zutea under A. gigantiflora.
164. Aphelundra alexnndri Leonard
Aphelandra alexandri Leonard, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25:
438. 1935; Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 31:191. 1953.
Suffrutescent, glabrous, to 1 m high; leaf blades
elliptic, to 15 cm long and 5 cm wide, acuminate,
ending in a blunt point, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, green,
the costa and lateral veins (9-10 pairs) rather
prominent; petioles to 3 cm long, winged; flowers
borne in terminal, sessile spikes to 10 cm long and
2 cm broad; bracts rather closely imbricate, erect
or erect-spreading, brilliant red outside and yellow
within, oblong-elliptic, 28 mm long and 3 mm wide
at base, and 10 mm wide at middle, acute, glabrous,
entire, subchartaceous, veiny; bractlets linearsubulate,
1 mm wide at base, striate-nerved; calyx
segments lanceolate, subequal, 8 or 9 mm long,
bearing triangular calluses at base (these conspicuous
on the outside), the posterior segment oblong,
2.5 mm wide, 2- or 3-toothed at tip, the anterior
pair 1.5 mm wide, the lateral pair 1 mm wide,
narrowly lance-attenuate; corolla about 6 cm long,
brilliant red without, yellow within (thereby giving
the red the orange appearance), glabrous except
the lips, these minutely pruinose within, the
tube gradually enlarged from 4 mm at base to 6
mm at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, about
2 cm long and 8 mm wide, acute, entire, the lower
lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, oblongobovate,
about 2 cm long, 7-8.5 mm wide near the
middle, acute or acutish; stamens slightly exserted;
anthers 5.5 mm long; filaments sparingly, pilosulous:
capsule not seen.
TYPE.-^. E. Lawrance 601 (holotype K, US
photo, isotypes MO, NY, S), Colombia, Boyaca, in
high forest fringes at El Humbo, on Mount
Chapon, 130 m N of Bogota, 4 Feb 1933.
DIsTRIBuTIoN.-Known only from the typelocality.
132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
165. Aphehndra schiedeana
Schlechtendal & Chamisso
FIGURE 24
Aphelandra schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso, Linnaea
5395. 1830.-Standley, Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1336.
1926.
Aphelandra melgariensis Nees in de Candolle, Prodr. 113297.
1847.
Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs to 2 m high; stems
glabrous or strigose toward tip; leaf blades oblonglanceolate,
8-15 cm long, 2-4.5 cm wide, acuminate,
narrowed at base and long-attenuate on the slender
petiole, entire, the upper surface drying dark green,
glabrous to glabrate, the costa and lateral veins
(usually 5-10 pairs) less prominent above than on
the lower surface, this drying light green or olive,
glabrate to sparsely strigose-pilose, the hairs evenly
distributed or confined chiefly to the costa and the
lateral veins, petioles (unwinged portion) to 2 cm
long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem;
spikes terminal, solitary, to 9 cm long (usually
much shorter) and 3 cm broad, the rachis densely
pilose; bracts closely imbricate or spreading with
age, entire, oblong-oval, 20-22 mm long, 9-12 mm
wide, rounded or obtuse, greenish red, nerved,
thin, glabrous to glabrate, ciliolate; bractlets linearlanceolate,
13 mm long, 1 mm wide, thin, carinate,
striate-nerved, sparingly pilose and puberulous;
calyx segments subequal, lance-subulate, 1.3-1.5
cm long, 2-3 mm wide near base, thin, subhyaline,
nerved, pilosulous; corolla red, about 6 cm long,
tomentulose, the tube slightly oblique, 3.5 cm long,
barely 2 mm wide at base, thence gradually enlarged
to 6 mm at throat, the upper lip erect,
obovate, arched at the tip, 2.5 cm long, 10 mm
wide, entire, the tip obtuse, the middle lobe of the
lower lip obovate, about 2.7 cm long, 14 mm wide,
the lateral lobes narrowly deflexed, linear-subulate,
about 1 cm long, 1 mm wide, rounded at apex;
stamens exserted about 2 cm beyond mouth of the
corolla tube: the filaments moderately tomentose;
the anthers 5 mm long, glabrous; the ovary glabrous,
3.5 mm long; mature capsule not seen.
TYPE.-Schiede 6 Deppe 118 (holotype B, destroyed,
F photo 8715, isotypes M, w), Mexico,
Vera Cruz, Hacienda de la Laguna and Barranca
de Tiosela, Oct 1828.
DIsTRIBUTION.-southern Mexico and Guatemala,
along damp, forested slopes, usually above 1000
meters altitude. MEXICO. VERACRUZ: Orizaba, 1856
Botteri s.n. (K, P); May 1867, Bilimek 3 1 (K, P);
region of Orizaba, Rio Blanco, 27 Sep 1866, Bourgeau
3099 (FI, K, MO, P, US); near Orizaba, 30
Oct 1895, Pringle 5910 (US), 5912 (US); W of
Orizaba, Cerro de S. Cristobal, 1 Nov 1948, Langman
3592 (US). OAXACA: Distrito del Centro, Hacienda
de Guadalupe, 1600 m alt, 13 Jun 1909,
Conzatti s.n. (US). CHIAPAS: Mt. Ovando, Dec
1936, Matuda 126 (US); Cerro Brujo, between
Rancho Concepcion & Olimpo, 4 Jan 1949, Langman
3876 (US); Zinacatan, 1290 m alt, 15 Mar
1966, Laughlin 419 (US); Tenejapa, paraje of
Yash’anal, 1800 m alt, 21 Feb 1967, Ton 2087 (US);
Paraje of Kotol Te, moist slope of Yochib, 1290 m
alt, 21 Nov 1964. Breedlove 7367 (US). GUATEMALA.
EL QUICHE: Nabaj, 1800 m alt, 19 Nov 1934,
Skutch 1724 (US). SAN MARCOS: Above Finca El
Porvenir. between “Todos Santos Chiquitos” and
“Loma de la Paloma”, south-facing slopes of Volchn
Tajumulco, 1400-1700 m alt, 8 Mar 1940,
Steyermark 37304 (US); S of San Marcos toward
Castalia, 1600-2200 m alt, 16 Dec 1963, Williams,
Molina, rl. Williams 26112 (F, US, W). QUEZALTENANGO:
Above Aguas Amargas, 2430-2850 m alt,
17 Feb 1939, Standley 65474 (US); 14 Jan 1941,
Standley 83352 (US); S of San Martin Chile Verde,
on road to Colomba, 2200 m alt, 27 Jan 1941,
Standley 84938 (US). SACATEPEQUEZ Barranco
above Duenas, 1590-1800 m alt, 21 Jan 1939,
Standley 63149 (US); near Barranco Hondo, SE of
4lotenang0, 1000-1260 m alt, 9 Feb 1939, Standley
65025 (US). CHIMALTENANGO: Quisache, 1800 m
alt, 5-6 Tan 1939, Standley 62294 (US).
Nees described A. melgariensis from a Humboldt
collection from “Colombia.” He compares this
species with A. schiedeane Schlechtendal & Chamisso
of Mexico and suggests that it may be merely a
young stage of that species. After examining the
microfiche of the Willdenow Herbarium, a specimen
no. 320, bearing the determination “!usticia
melgariensis,” I conclude that A . melgariensis is
indeed A. schiedeana and that the specimen no
320 is probably mislabeled since A. schiedeana does
not occur in Colombia and also when the Humbolt
and Bonpland Paris collections were examined,
not a single A. schiedeann collection by Humboldt
was found.
NUMBER 18 133
References
Anderson, T.
1864. Aphelandra ornata T. Anderson: A Recently Introduced
Acanthaceous Plant from Brazil. Journal of
Botany, 2289.
1887. [Aphelandra chrysops Bull.] The Gardener’s Chronicle
(London), series 3, 1:736, fig. 140.
1927. [Aphelandra squarrosa Nees var. leopoldz Van
Houtte.] The Gardener’s Chronicle (London), series
3, 82283.
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1891.
Bentham, G.
1844. The Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S Sulphur.
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Bentham, G., and J. D. Hooker
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1969. Chromosome A’umbers of Flowering Plants. 926
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& Co. [Pages 1102-1103.1
Bremekamp, C. E. B.
1938. Notes on the Acanthaceae of Surinam. Recueil des
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of Controversial Position. Acta Botnniques NPerlandais,
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1839. Genera Plantarum. Vienna. [Acanthaceae, pages
696-708.1
Erdtman, G.
1952. Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. xii +
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pages 30-32.1
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1955. A Cytologenetic Study of Acanthaceae. Brtttonia,
8:121-149.
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1891. Aphefandra blanchetiana, Native of Brazil. Botanicat
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1762. Emmeratio Plantnrum Caribaeis. Volume 11.
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Vienna.
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1839. Strobilorhachis. Pages 308-309 of volume 7 in Otto0
and Dietrich, Allgemeine Gartenzeitnung.
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Comp.
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1861. Beautiful Leaved Plants. London: Groombridge
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134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
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1953. The Floral Anatomy of Some Bicarpellatae, I:
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series 2, 21 (5,B):7-34.
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1948. Disquito circa Acanthacearum Aliquot genera
Brasiliensia. Archivos do lnstituto de Biologia
Vegetal Jardim Botanico Rio de Janeiro, 8:314-329
1842a. Hydromestus maculatus Scheidweiler. Page 285 of
volume 10 in Otto and Dietrich, Allgemeine Gartenzeitnung.
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Gazette, 18:210, plate 23.
Scheidweiler, M. J. F.
Schrader, H. A.
1821.
Smith, J. D.
1893.
Wasshausen, D. C.
1973a. New Species of Aphelandra (Acanthaceae). Phyto-
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ACAN): 67-77.
FIGURES 1-56

NUMBER 18 137
FIGURE 1.-Aphelandra acunthifoliu Hooker.
(From W. J. Hooker, 1837:2, pl. 113.)
138
,--
SMITHSONIAK CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURE 2.-Aphelandra formom (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees. (From W. J. Hooker, 1848, pl.
718, representing Aphelandra cardiufolia Hooker.)
NUMBER 18 139
FIGURE 3.-Aphetandra nemoralis Nees.
(From Nees von Esenbeck, 1847b:9, pl. 11.)
140 SMITHSONIAK CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURE 4.-Aphelandra heydeana Donne11 Smith.
(From J. D. Smith, 1893, pl. 23.)
NUMBER 18 141
FIGURE B.-Aphelandra maximilianu (Nees) Bentham. (From Nees, 1847b, pl. 10, representing
Lagochilium maximilianeum Nees.)
142 SMITHSONIAN CONTKIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURE 6 . d p h e l a n d r a sinclairiana Nees.
(From Bentham, 1844, pl. 47.)
NUMBER 18
FIGURE l.-Aphelandra tetragonu (Vahl) Nees.
(From Jacquin, 1798, pl. 320, representing Justiciu cristata Jacquin.)
143
144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURES 8-ll.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 8, A. caput-medusae Lindau (PVoZfe 12128A),
equatorial view, X 2000; 9, A. flava Nees (Cult. Bot. Gard. Munich), equatorial view, X 1800;
10, A. gverrerensis Wasshausen (Hinton 12199), equatorial view, X 2000; 11, A claussenii
Wasshausen, new name (Hatschbach 31349), equatorial view, X 1500.
NUMBER 18 145
FIGURES 12-15.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 12, A. bahiensis (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination
(Cult. Hort. Bot. Kew), equatorial view, X 1500; 13, A. montis-scalaris Lindau ex Pilger
(Ule 6558), equatorial view, X 1500; 14, A. mactclafta (Tafalla ex Nees) Voss (Schunke 4658),
equatorial view, X 2000; 15, A. jacobinioides Lindau (Klug 2847), polar view, X 2000.
146 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURES 16-19.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 16, A . gracilis Leonard (Allen Z j O I ) , equatorial
view, X 1200; 17, A. pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth (Steyermark 100261),
equatorial view, X 1700; 18, A. verticillata Nees ex Hemsley (Moore 5503), equatorial view,
X 2000; 19, A . schieferae Leonard (Barclay 3191), equatorial view, X 1500.
NUMBER 18
FIGURES 20-21.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 20, A. rnutisii Leonard (Camp E-2751), equatorial
view, X 2000; 21, A. inaequalis Lindau (Eyerdarn 24827), equatorial view, X 2000.
147
148 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURES 22-25.-Aphelandra pollen grains with a smooth sexine: 22, A. madrensis Lindau
(Hinton 15912), equatorial view, X 1150; 23, A. madrensis Lindau (Hinton 15912), surface view
showing tectal perforations, X 5700; 24, A. schiedeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso (Ton 2087),
equatorial view, X 1000; 25, A. Zineariloba Leonard (Mexia 8952), equatorial view, X 1200.
NUMBER 18 149
FIGURES 26-29.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra with a vermiculate sexine: 26, A.
peruviana Wasshausen (Vargas 15249), equatorial view, X 1100; 27, A. peruviana Wasshausen
(Vargas 15249), surface view, X 5500; 28, A. chamissoniana Nees (Hatschbach 23361), equatorial
view, X 1000; 29, A. limbatifolia Lindau (Vargas 17577), polar view, X 1900.
150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURES 30-31.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra FIGURES 32-33.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra
showing a striatoreticulate sexine: 30, A. wurdackii Wasshau- showing a distinctly vermiculate sexine: 32, A. runcinata
sen (Wurdaclt 1487), equatorial view, X 2000; 31, A. grangeri Klotzsch ex Nees (Uribe 2115), equatorial view, X 900; 33,
Leonard (Poortmann 247), equatorial view, X 2000. A. formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees (Rirnbach 630),
equatorial view, X 1000.
NUMBER 18 151
FICURE~ 34-57.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra: 34, A. sinclairiana Nees (Pittier 5572),
equatorial view, X 1000; 35, A. tillettii Wasshausen (Tillett 673-291), equatorial view, X 1000;
36, A. liboniana Linden ex Hooker (Hatschbach 22455), equatorial view, X 1500: 37, A.
juninensis Wasshausen (Weberbauer 6537), equatorial view, X 1000.
152 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURES 38-40.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 38, A. ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel (Bull s.n.),
equatorial view, X 1300; 39, A. acanthifolia Hooker (Wurdack 745), polar view. X 1850; 40,
A. squarrosa Nees (Barth 1-198), equatorial view, X 1000.
NUMBER 18 153
FIGURES 41-44.-Perprolate pollen grains of Aphelandra: 41, A. marginata Nees & Martius
(Bele'm 1194), equatorial view, X 950; 42, A. marginata Nees & Martius (BelPm 1191), surface
view showing the verrucose sexine, X 4800; 43, A. weberbaiieri Mildbraed (Weberbauer 6657),
equatorial view, X 1000; 44, A. dodsonii Wasshausen (Dodson & Thien 1612), equatorial view,
x 1000.
154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURES 4548.-Prolate pollen grains of Aphelandra: 45, A. chrysantha Wasshausen (Dodson rl*
Thien 1515), equatorial view showing verrucose sexine, X 1030; 46, A . chrysantha Wasshausen
(Dodson &+ Thien 1515), polar view, X 1030; 47, A . aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var.
aurantiaca (Vargas 018894), equatorial view showing verrucose sexine, X 1120; 48. A . acan'thzcs
Nees (Hurling 3927), equatorial view X 1000.
NUMBER 18
FIGURES 49-51.-Prolate spheroidal pollen grains of Aphelandra: 49, A . flammea Wasshausen
(Mexia 6700), equatorial view, X 2000, showing a serpentine-cerebriform sexine; 50, A. variegata
Morel (Cult. Hort. Vindob.), verrucose grains with furrows converging in a manner suggesting
that the surface of each grain is divided into 6 tetragonal sectors, X 900; 51, A. variegata Morel
(Cult. Hort. Vindob.), polar view, X 800.
155
156 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
FIGURES 52-55.-Pollen grains of Aphelandra: 52, spheroidal grains of A. die2sii Mildbraed
(Camp E-2404), equatorial view, X 2000; 53, spheroidal grains of A. dielsii Mildbraed (Camp
E-2404), polar view, X 2000; 54, subprolate grains of A. steyermarkii Wasshausen (Steyermark-
Agostini I ) , equatorial view, X 2000; 55, subprolate grains of A. steyermarkii Wasshausen
(Steyermark-Agostini I ) , polar view, X 2000.
NUMBER 18 157
FIGURE 56.-The two-dimensional paper chromatographic profile of flavonoids obtained from
Aphelandra plant material.